Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: HRK

Gene name: harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein (contains only BH3 domain)

HGNC ID: 5185

Synonyms: DP5

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ATF3	1 hits
2	BBC3	1 hits
3	BCL2	1 hits
4	BCL2L11	1 hits
5	BCL6	1 hits
6	CYCS	1 hits
7	ERN1	1 hits
8	FAS	1 hits
9	IFNG	1 hits
10	IL1B	1 hits
11	JUN	1 hits
12	JUNB	1 hits
13	MAPK8	1 hits
14	NOS2A	1 hits
15	PKLR	1 hits
16	TP53	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	19629134	Signaling by IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and ER stress converge on DP5/Hrk activation: a novel mechanism for pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis.
2	19629134	We presently show that the cytokines IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and different ER stressors activate the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only member death protein 5 (DP5)/harakiri (Hrk) resulting in beta-cell apoptosis.
3	19629134	Chemical ER stress-induced DP5 upregulation is JNK/c-Jun-dependent.
4	19629134	DP5 activation by cytokines also involves JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation and is antagonized by JunB.
5	19629134	Interestingly, cytokine-inducted DP5 expression precedes ER stress: mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and ER stress are actually a consequence of enhanced DP5 activation by cytokine-mediated nitric oxide formation.
6	19629134	These observations contribute to solve two important questions, namely the mechanism by which IL-1beta+IFN-gamma induce beta-cell death and the nature of the downstream signals by which ER stress 'convinces' beta-cells to trigger apoptosis.
7	19629134	Signaling by IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and ER stress converge on DP5/Hrk activation: a novel mechanism for pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis.
8	19629134	We presently show that the cytokines IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and different ER stressors activate the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only member death protein 5 (DP5)/harakiri (Hrk) resulting in beta-cell apoptosis.
9	19629134	Chemical ER stress-induced DP5 upregulation is JNK/c-Jun-dependent.
10	19629134	DP5 activation by cytokines also involves JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation and is antagonized by JunB.
11	19629134	Interestingly, cytokine-inducted DP5 expression precedes ER stress: mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and ER stress are actually a consequence of enhanced DP5 activation by cytokine-mediated nitric oxide formation.
12	19629134	These observations contribute to solve two important questions, namely the mechanism by which IL-1beta+IFN-gamma induce beta-cell death and the nature of the downstream signals by which ER stress 'convinces' beta-cells to trigger apoptosis.
13	19629134	Signaling by IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and ER stress converge on DP5/Hrk activation: a novel mechanism for pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis.
14	19629134	We presently show that the cytokines IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and different ER stressors activate the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only member death protein 5 (DP5)/harakiri (Hrk) resulting in beta-cell apoptosis.
15	19629134	Chemical ER stress-induced DP5 upregulation is JNK/c-Jun-dependent.
16	19629134	DP5 activation by cytokines also involves JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation and is antagonized by JunB.
17	19629134	Interestingly, cytokine-inducted DP5 expression precedes ER stress: mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and ER stress are actually a consequence of enhanced DP5 activation by cytokine-mediated nitric oxide formation.
18	19629134	These observations contribute to solve two important questions, namely the mechanism by which IL-1beta+IFN-gamma induce beta-cell death and the nature of the downstream signals by which ER stress 'convinces' beta-cells to trigger apoptosis.
19	19629134	Signaling by IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and ER stress converge on DP5/Hrk activation: a novel mechanism for pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis.
20	19629134	We presently show that the cytokines IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and different ER stressors activate the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only member death protein 5 (DP5)/harakiri (Hrk) resulting in beta-cell apoptosis.
21	19629134	Chemical ER stress-induced DP5 upregulation is JNK/c-Jun-dependent.
22	19629134	DP5 activation by cytokines also involves JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation and is antagonized by JunB.
23	19629134	Interestingly, cytokine-inducted DP5 expression precedes ER stress: mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and ER stress are actually a consequence of enhanced DP5 activation by cytokine-mediated nitric oxide formation.
24	19629134	These observations contribute to solve two important questions, namely the mechanism by which IL-1beta+IFN-gamma induce beta-cell death and the nature of the downstream signals by which ER stress 'convinces' beta-cells to trigger apoptosis.
25	19629134	Signaling by IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and ER stress converge on DP5/Hrk activation: a novel mechanism for pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis.
26	19629134	We presently show that the cytokines IL-1beta+IFN-gamma and different ER stressors activate the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only member death protein 5 (DP5)/harakiri (Hrk) resulting in beta-cell apoptosis.
27	19629134	Chemical ER stress-induced DP5 upregulation is JNK/c-Jun-dependent.
28	19629134	DP5 activation by cytokines also involves JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation and is antagonized by JunB.
29	19629134	Interestingly, cytokine-inducted DP5 expression precedes ER stress: mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and ER stress are actually a consequence of enhanced DP5 activation by cytokine-mediated nitric oxide formation.
30	19629134	These observations contribute to solve two important questions, namely the mechanism by which IL-1beta+IFN-gamma induce beta-cell death and the nature of the downstream signals by which ER stress 'convinces' beta-cells to trigger apoptosis.
31	21190961	Here we investigated whether cytokine-induced inflammation and apoptosis can be prevented in β-cells by BCL-6 expression using plasmid, prolactin, and adenoviral approaches.
32	21190961	The induction of mild or abundant BCL-6 expression in β-cells by prolactin or an adenoviral BCL-6 expression construct, respectively, reduced cytokine-induced inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner through inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation.
33	21190961	BCL-6 decreased Fas and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production, but it inhibited the expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and JunB while increasing the expression of the proapoptotic death protein 5.
34	21937453	Cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ induce pancreatic β-cell apoptosis through STAT1-mediated Bim protein activation.
35	21937453	Here we clarify the molecular mechanism of β-cell death triggered by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ.
36	21937453	The combination of TNF-α + IFN-γ induced DP5, p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and Bim expression in human islets and rodent β-cells.
37	21937453	DP5 and PUMA inactivation by RNA interference partially protected against TNF-α + IFN-γ-induced β-cell apoptosis.
38	21937453	Bim expression was transcriptionally regulated by STAT1, and its activation triggered cleavage of caspases.
39	21937453	Cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ induce pancreatic β-cell apoptosis through STAT1-mediated Bim protein activation.
40	21937453	Here we clarify the molecular mechanism of β-cell death triggered by the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ.
41	21937453	The combination of TNF-α + IFN-γ induced DP5, p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), and Bim expression in human islets and rodent β-cells.
42	21937453	DP5 and PUMA inactivation by RNA interference partially protected against TNF-α + IFN-γ-induced β-cell apoptosis.
43	21937453	Bim expression was transcriptionally regulated by STAT1, and its activation triggered cleavage of caspases.
44	22773666	Death protein 5 and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis mediate the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondrial dialog triggering lipotoxic rodent and human β-cell apoptosis.
45	22773666	By microarray analysis, we identified a palmitate-triggered ER stress gene expression signature and the induction of the BH3-only proteins death protein 5 (DP5) and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA).
46	22773666	Knockdown of either protein reduced cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis in rat and human β-cells.
47	22773666	DP5 induction depends on inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)-dependent c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)-induced activating transcription factor (ATF3) binding to its promoter.
48	22773666	PUMA expression is also PERK/ATF3-dependent, through tribbles 3 (TRB3)-regulated AKT inhibition and FoxO3a activation.
49	22773666	Death protein 5 and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis mediate the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondrial dialog triggering lipotoxic rodent and human β-cell apoptosis.
50	22773666	By microarray analysis, we identified a palmitate-triggered ER stress gene expression signature and the induction of the BH3-only proteins death protein 5 (DP5) and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA).
51	22773666	Knockdown of either protein reduced cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis in rat and human β-cells.
52	22773666	DP5 induction depends on inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)-dependent c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)-induced activating transcription factor (ATF3) binding to its promoter.
53	22773666	PUMA expression is also PERK/ATF3-dependent, through tribbles 3 (TRB3)-regulated AKT inhibition and FoxO3a activation.
54	22773666	Death protein 5 and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis mediate the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mitochondrial dialog triggering lipotoxic rodent and human β-cell apoptosis.
55	22773666	By microarray analysis, we identified a palmitate-triggered ER stress gene expression signature and the induction of the BH3-only proteins death protein 5 (DP5) and p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA).
56	22773666	Knockdown of either protein reduced cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis in rat and human β-cells.
57	22773666	DP5 induction depends on inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)-dependent c-Jun NH₂-terminal kinase and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)-induced activating transcription factor (ATF3) binding to its promoter.
58	22773666	PUMA expression is also PERK/ATF3-dependent, through tribbles 3 (TRB3)-regulated AKT inhibition and FoxO3a activation.