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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
17056676
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We examined the effects of insulin on calcifying smooth muscle cells in vitro and measured the expression of the bone-related molecule osteoprotegerin (OPG).
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17056676
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Histochemistry was used for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
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17056676
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Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and OPG mRNA expressions were done by RT-PCR. beta-Glycerophosphate was able to induce calcification in human smooth muscle cells from a series of donors after variable time in culture.
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17056676
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Calcified cells expressed ALP and BSP activity in high levels.
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17056676
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Effects of insulin and modulations by OPG on the calcification process in arterial cells may play a role in the development of calcifications as part of the diabetic macroangiopathy.
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6 |
17056676
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We examined the effects of insulin on calcifying smooth muscle cells in vitro and measured the expression of the bone-related molecule osteoprotegerin (OPG).
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7 |
17056676
|
Histochemistry was used for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
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8 |
17056676
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Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and OPG mRNA expressions were done by RT-PCR. beta-Glycerophosphate was able to induce calcification in human smooth muscle cells from a series of donors after variable time in culture.
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9 |
17056676
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Calcified cells expressed ALP and BSP activity in high levels.
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10 |
17056676
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Effects of insulin and modulations by OPG on the calcification process in arterial cells may play a role in the development of calcifications as part of the diabetic macroangiopathy.
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11 |
18162513
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Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and several RUNX2 target genes, including matrix metalloproteinase-9, Akp2, integrin binding sialoprotein, Dmp1, Col1a2, Phex, Vdr, osteocalcin, and osterix, were all significantly down-regulated in the insulin-deficient, hyperglycemic diabetic animals; however, insulin treatment of diabetic animals significantly restored their expression.
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12 |
18162513
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Expression of bone morphogenic protein-2, transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, and TWIST2, all important regulators of RUNX2, were not impacted by the diabetic condition, suggesting that the defect in osteogenesis resides at the level of RUNX2 expression and its activity.
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21147283
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Metformin induces osteoblast differentiation via orphan nuclear receptor SHP-mediated transactivation of Runx2.
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14 |
21147283
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Metformin increased significantly the expression of the key osteogenic genes, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) as well as SHP.
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15 |
21147283
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Transient transfection assays were performed in MC3T3E1 cells to confirm the effects of metformin on SHP, OC and Runx2 promoter activities.
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21147283
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Metformin increased the transcription of the SHP and OC genes, and the metformin effect was inhibited by dominant negative form of AMPK (DN-AMPK) or compound C (an inhibitor of AMPK).
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21147283
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The adenoviral overexpression of SHP increased significantly the level of ALP staining and OC production.
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21147283
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However, metformin did not have any significant effect on osteogenic gene expression, ALP staining and activity, and OC production in SHP null (SHP-/-) primary calvarial cells.
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21147283
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Moreover, upstream stimulatory factor-1 (USF-1) specifically mediated metformin-induced SHP gene expression.
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21147283
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In addition, metformin-induced AMPK activation increased the level of Runx2 mRNA and protein.
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21147283
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However, USF-1 and SHP were not involved in metformin-induced Runx2 expression.
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21147283
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Transient transfection and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that metformin-induced SHP interacts physically and forms a complex with Runx2 on the osteocalcin gene promoter in MC3T3E1 cells.
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21147283
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These results suggest that metformin may stimulate osteoblast differentiation through the transactivation of Runx2 via AMPK/USF-1/SHP regulatory cascade in mouse calvaria-derived cells.
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23652775
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In addition, treatment with CZE resulted in a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and collagen content, as well as in the expression of genes associated with osteoblast differentiation [ALP, collagen, osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OC) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2, BMP4 and BMP7].
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25 |
23652775
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In mechanistic studies of the antioxidative potential of CZE, we found that CZE reversed the dRib-induced decrease in the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT)1 and AKT2 genes, which are master regulators of survival-related signaling pathways.
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26 |
23652775
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CZE also upregulated the gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, SOD3 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which was inhibited by dRib.
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