Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: IFNA2

Gene name: interferon, alpha 2

HGNC ID: 5423

Synonyms: IFNA, IFN-alphaA

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CSF1	1 hits
2	CSF2	1 hits
3	IDDM2	1 hits
4	IFNA1	1 hits
5	IFNB1	1 hits
6	IFNG	1 hits
7	IL10	1 hits
8	IL12A	1 hits
9	IL18	1 hits
10	IL1A	1 hits
11	IL1B	1 hits
12	IL2	1 hits
13	IL4	1 hits
14	IL6	1 hits
15	IL8	1 hits
16	INS	1 hits
17	TGFB1	1 hits
18	THM	1 hits
19	TNF	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	7523746	We reviewed the recent studies on the relation between IFN and diseases concerning; 1) the IFN-alpha and -gamma producing capacity in patients with cancers, liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis, 2) endogenous IFN in sera and exudates or extracts of local lesions obtained from patients with immunological diseases such as SLE, sarcoidosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Behçet's disease, and psoriasis, 3) deletion of IFN-alpha and -beta genes in human lymphoblastoid cells lines and leukemia, and 4) the expression of IFN and other cytokine (interleukins and TNF) mRNA in normal organs under physiological conditions.
2	7540571	We detect a significant increase in the level of expression of interferon (IFN)-alpha in the pancreases of the diabetic patients as compared with the control pancreases.
3	7540571	In contrast, IFN-beta was detected at comparable levels in both groups, while IFN-gamma was detected in three of four control pancreases and one of four pancreases from the diabetic individuals.
4	7540571	The IFN-alpha cDNAs generated by the RT-PCR were cloned and sequenced to determine which alpha-subtypes were being expressed.
5	7540571	We also examined these pancreases for the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6.
6	7540571	We found no detectable expression of TNF-alpha or IL-2 in any pancreases, and the expression of the other cytokines was variable, with no pattern emerging from the comparison of the diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.
7	7540571	We conclude that, of the cytokines examined, only IFN-alpha was significantly increased in the diabetic patients, a result that is consistent with the possibility that this cytokine is directly involved in the development of type I diabetes.
8	7540571	We detect a significant increase in the level of expression of interferon (IFN)-alpha in the pancreases of the diabetic patients as compared with the control pancreases.
9	7540571	In contrast, IFN-beta was detected at comparable levels in both groups, while IFN-gamma was detected in three of four control pancreases and one of four pancreases from the diabetic individuals.
10	7540571	The IFN-alpha cDNAs generated by the RT-PCR were cloned and sequenced to determine which alpha-subtypes were being expressed.
11	7540571	We also examined these pancreases for the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6.
12	7540571	We found no detectable expression of TNF-alpha or IL-2 in any pancreases, and the expression of the other cytokines was variable, with no pattern emerging from the comparison of the diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.
13	7540571	We conclude that, of the cytokines examined, only IFN-alpha was significantly increased in the diabetic patients, a result that is consistent with the possibility that this cytokine is directly involved in the development of type I diabetes.
14	10382034	The use of the probiotic Acylact in combination with Viferone containing human recombinant interferon-alpha 2 in the treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was shown to be highly efficient.
15	12486207	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta-cell function in recent onset patients.
16	12486207	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
17	12486207	In a third phase I trial in multiple sclerosis, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
18	12486207	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in multiple sclerosis, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
19	12486207	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
20	12486207	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
21	12486207	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
22	12486207	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta-cell function in recent onset patients.
23	12486207	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
24	12486207	In a third phase I trial in multiple sclerosis, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
25	12486207	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in multiple sclerosis, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
26	12486207	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
27	12486207	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
28	12486207	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
29	12486207	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta-cell function in recent onset patients.
30	12486207	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
31	12486207	In a third phase I trial in multiple sclerosis, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
32	12486207	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in multiple sclerosis, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
33	12486207	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
34	12486207	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
35	12486207	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
36	12486207	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta-cell function in recent onset patients.
37	12486207	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
38	12486207	In a third phase I trial in multiple sclerosis, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
39	12486207	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in multiple sclerosis, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
40	12486207	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
41	12486207	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
42	12486207	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
43	12486207	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta-cell function in recent onset patients.
44	12486207	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
45	12486207	In a third phase I trial in multiple sclerosis, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
46	12486207	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in multiple sclerosis, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
47	12486207	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
48	12486207	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
49	12486207	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
50	12486207	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta-cell function in recent onset patients.
51	12486207	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
52	12486207	In a third phase I trial in multiple sclerosis, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
53	12486207	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in multiple sclerosis, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
54	12486207	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
55	12486207	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
56	12486207	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
57	12486207	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta-cell function in recent onset patients.
58	12486207	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
59	12486207	In a third phase I trial in multiple sclerosis, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
60	12486207	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in multiple sclerosis, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
61	12486207	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
62	12486207	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
63	12486207	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
64	12581487	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta cell function in recent onset patients.
65	12581487	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine.
66	12581487	In a third phase I trial in MS, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
67	12581487	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in MS, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
68	12581487	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
69	12581487	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
70	12581487	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
71	12581487	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta cell function in recent onset patients.
72	12581487	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine.
73	12581487	In a third phase I trial in MS, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
74	12581487	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in MS, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
75	12581487	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
76	12581487	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
77	12581487	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
78	12581487	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta cell function in recent onset patients.
79	12581487	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine.
80	12581487	In a third phase I trial in MS, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
81	12581487	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in MS, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
82	12581487	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
83	12581487	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
84	12581487	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
85	12581487	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta cell function in recent onset patients.
86	12581487	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine.
87	12581487	In a third phase I trial in MS, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
88	12581487	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in MS, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
89	12581487	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
90	12581487	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
91	12581487	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
92	12581487	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta cell function in recent onset patients.
93	12581487	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine.
94	12581487	In a third phase I trial in MS, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
95	12581487	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in MS, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
96	12581487	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
97	12581487	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
98	12581487	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
99	12581487	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta cell function in recent onset patients.
100	12581487	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine.
101	12581487	In a third phase I trial in MS, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
102	12581487	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in MS, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
103	12581487	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
104	12581487	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
105	12581487	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
106	12581487	In a phase I open-label trial in type 1 diabetes, ingested IFN-alpha preserved residual beta cell function in recent onset patients.
107	12581487	In a second phase I trial, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with ingested IFN-alpha reduced the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine.
108	12581487	In a third phase I trial in MS, there was a significant decrease in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) IL-2 and IFN-gamma production after ingesting IFN-alpha.
109	12581487	In a phase II randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial in MS, 10,000 IU ingested IFN-alpha significantly decreased gadolinium enhancements compared with the placebo group at month 5.
110	12581487	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IFN-gamma cytokine secretion in the 10,000 IU group at month 5 showed a significant decrease that corresponded with the effect of ingested IFN-alpha on decreasing gadolinium enhancements.
111	12581487	Ingested IFN-alpha was not toxic in any of these clinical trials.
112	12581487	These studies suggest that ingested IFN-alpha may have a potential role in the treatment of autoimmunity.
113	12653847	Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in autoimmunity: preponderance of neutralizing autoantibodies against interferon-alpha, interferon-omega and interleukin-12 in patients with thymoma and/or myasthenia gravis.
114	12653847	We tested for both binding and neutralizing autoantibodies to a range of human cytokines, including interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, interferon-alpha2 (IFN-alpha2), IFN-omega, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in plasmas or sera.
115	12653847	With two notable exceptions described below, we found only occasional, mostly low-titre, non-neutralizing antibodies, mainly to GM-CSF; also to IL-10 in pemphigoid.
116	12653847	Strikingly, however, high-titre, mainly IgG, autoantibodies to IFN-alpha2, IFN-omega and IL-12 were common at diagnosis in patients with late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG+), thymoma (T) but no MG (TMG-) and especially with both thymoma and MG together (TMG+).
117	12653847	The antibodies recognized other closely related type I IFN-alpha subtypes, but rarely the distantly related type I IFN-beta, and never (detectably) the unrelated type II IFN-gamma.
118	12653847	Antibodies to IL-12 showed a similar distribution to those against IFN-alpha2, although prevalences were slightly lower; correlations between individual titres against each were so modest that they appear to be entirely different specificities.
119	12653847	Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in autoimmunity: preponderance of neutralizing autoantibodies against interferon-alpha, interferon-omega and interleukin-12 in patients with thymoma and/or myasthenia gravis.
120	12653847	We tested for both binding and neutralizing autoantibodies to a range of human cytokines, including interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, interferon-alpha2 (IFN-alpha2), IFN-omega, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in plasmas or sera.
121	12653847	With two notable exceptions described below, we found only occasional, mostly low-titre, non-neutralizing antibodies, mainly to GM-CSF; also to IL-10 in pemphigoid.
122	12653847	Strikingly, however, high-titre, mainly IgG, autoantibodies to IFN-alpha2, IFN-omega and IL-12 were common at diagnosis in patients with late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG+), thymoma (T) but no MG (TMG-) and especially with both thymoma and MG together (TMG+).
123	12653847	The antibodies recognized other closely related type I IFN-alpha subtypes, but rarely the distantly related type I IFN-beta, and never (detectably) the unrelated type II IFN-gamma.
124	12653847	Antibodies to IL-12 showed a similar distribution to those against IFN-alpha2, although prevalences were slightly lower; correlations between individual titres against each were so modest that they appear to be entirely different specificities.
125	12653847	Anti-cytokine autoantibodies in autoimmunity: preponderance of neutralizing autoantibodies against interferon-alpha, interferon-omega and interleukin-12 in patients with thymoma and/or myasthenia gravis.
126	12653847	We tested for both binding and neutralizing autoantibodies to a range of human cytokines, including interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, interferon-alpha2 (IFN-alpha2), IFN-omega, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in plasmas or sera.
127	12653847	With two notable exceptions described below, we found only occasional, mostly low-titre, non-neutralizing antibodies, mainly to GM-CSF; also to IL-10 in pemphigoid.
128	12653847	Strikingly, however, high-titre, mainly IgG, autoantibodies to IFN-alpha2, IFN-omega and IL-12 were common at diagnosis in patients with late-onset myasthenia gravis (LOMG+), thymoma (T) but no MG (TMG-) and especially with both thymoma and MG together (TMG+).
129	12653847	The antibodies recognized other closely related type I IFN-alpha subtypes, but rarely the distantly related type I IFN-beta, and never (detectably) the unrelated type II IFN-gamma.
130	12653847	Antibodies to IL-12 showed a similar distribution to those against IFN-alpha2, although prevalences were slightly lower; correlations between individual titres against each were so modest that they appear to be entirely different specificities.
131	15183143	The mechanism of viral infection leading to beta cell destruction not only involves multiple pathways but also the cytokine-interferon alpha (IFN-alpha).
132	15183143	Our hypothesis is that activation of toll receptors by double-stranded RNA or poly-IC (viral mimic) through induction of IFN-alpha may activate or accelerate immune-mediated beta cell destruction.
133	15183143	Numerous clinical case reports have implicated that IFN-alpha therapy is associated with autoimmune diseases and that elevated serum IFN-alpha levels have been associated with type 1 diabetes.
134	15183143	Therapeutic agents targeting IFN-alpha may potentially be beneficial in the prevention of type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity.
135	15183143	The mechanism of viral infection leading to beta cell destruction not only involves multiple pathways but also the cytokine-interferon alpha (IFN-alpha).
136	15183143	Our hypothesis is that activation of toll receptors by double-stranded RNA or poly-IC (viral mimic) through induction of IFN-alpha may activate or accelerate immune-mediated beta cell destruction.
137	15183143	Numerous clinical case reports have implicated that IFN-alpha therapy is associated with autoimmune diseases and that elevated serum IFN-alpha levels have been associated with type 1 diabetes.
138	15183143	Therapeutic agents targeting IFN-alpha may potentially be beneficial in the prevention of type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity.
139	15183143	The mechanism of viral infection leading to beta cell destruction not only involves multiple pathways but also the cytokine-interferon alpha (IFN-alpha).
140	15183143	Our hypothesis is that activation of toll receptors by double-stranded RNA or poly-IC (viral mimic) through induction of IFN-alpha may activate or accelerate immune-mediated beta cell destruction.
141	15183143	Numerous clinical case reports have implicated that IFN-alpha therapy is associated with autoimmune diseases and that elevated serum IFN-alpha levels have been associated with type 1 diabetes.
142	15183143	Therapeutic agents targeting IFN-alpha may potentially be beneficial in the prevention of type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity.
143	15183143	The mechanism of viral infection leading to beta cell destruction not only involves multiple pathways but also the cytokine-interferon alpha (IFN-alpha).
144	15183143	Our hypothesis is that activation of toll receptors by double-stranded RNA or poly-IC (viral mimic) through induction of IFN-alpha may activate or accelerate immune-mediated beta cell destruction.
145	15183143	Numerous clinical case reports have implicated that IFN-alpha therapy is associated with autoimmune diseases and that elevated serum IFN-alpha levels have been associated with type 1 diabetes.
146	15183143	Therapeutic agents targeting IFN-alpha may potentially be beneficial in the prevention of type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity.
147	18698691	We describe a case of a 33-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after a 13-mo period of treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) 2b.
148	18698691	IFN-alpha 2b treatment was terminated and instead insulin treatment was initiated.
149	18698691	Five months after cessation of the recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b therapy, the patient remained insulin-dependent.
150	18698691	Type 1 DM induced by IFN-alpha is relatively rare in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
151	18698691	We should pay more attention to patients on IFN-alpha therapy to avoid destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
152	18698691	We describe a case of a 33-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after a 13-mo period of treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) 2b.
153	18698691	IFN-alpha 2b treatment was terminated and instead insulin treatment was initiated.
154	18698691	Five months after cessation of the recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b therapy, the patient remained insulin-dependent.
155	18698691	Type 1 DM induced by IFN-alpha is relatively rare in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
156	18698691	We should pay more attention to patients on IFN-alpha therapy to avoid destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
157	18698691	We describe a case of a 33-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after a 13-mo period of treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) 2b.
158	18698691	IFN-alpha 2b treatment was terminated and instead insulin treatment was initiated.
159	18698691	Five months after cessation of the recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b therapy, the patient remained insulin-dependent.
160	18698691	Type 1 DM induced by IFN-alpha is relatively rare in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
161	18698691	We should pay more attention to patients on IFN-alpha therapy to avoid destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
162	18698691	We describe a case of a 33-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after a 13-mo period of treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) 2b.
163	18698691	IFN-alpha 2b treatment was terminated and instead insulin treatment was initiated.
164	18698691	Five months after cessation of the recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b therapy, the patient remained insulin-dependent.
165	18698691	Type 1 DM induced by IFN-alpha is relatively rare in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
166	18698691	We should pay more attention to patients on IFN-alpha therapy to avoid destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
167	18698691	We describe a case of a 33-year-old female patient with chronic hepatitis B who developed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) after a 13-mo period of treatment with recombinant human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) 2b.
168	18698691	IFN-alpha 2b treatment was terminated and instead insulin treatment was initiated.
169	18698691	Five months after cessation of the recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b therapy, the patient remained insulin-dependent.
170	18698691	Type 1 DM induced by IFN-alpha is relatively rare in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
171	18698691	We should pay more attention to patients on IFN-alpha therapy to avoid destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
172	22611419	The therapeutical administration of cytokines such as IFN-alpha may result in viral clearance during persistent infection and reverts this process.