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PMID |
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11574405
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Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) is a homeodomain protein that plays an important role in the development of the pancreas and in maintaining the identity and function of the islets of Langerhans.
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11574405
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Glucose and insulin regulate PDX-1 by way of a signaling pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and SAPK2/p38.
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3 |
11574405
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Insulin and sodium arsenite, an activator of the stress-activated pathway, also stimulated PDX-1 movement from the nuclear periphery to the nucleoplasm.
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4 |
11574405
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Glucose- and insulin-stimulated translocation of PDX-1 to the nucleoplasm was inhibited by wortmannin and SB 203580, indicating that a pathway involving PI 3-kinase and SAPK2/p38 was involved; translocation was unaffected by PD 098959 and rapamycin, suggesting that neither mitogen-activated protein kinase nor p70(s6k) were involved.
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5 |
11574405
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These results demonstrated that PDX-1 shuttles between the nuclear periphery and nucleoplasm in response to changes in glucose and insulin concentrations and that these events are dependent on PI 3-kinase, SAPK2/p38, and a nuclear phosphatase(s).
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6 |
11574405
|
Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) is a homeodomain protein that plays an important role in the development of the pancreas and in maintaining the identity and function of the islets of Langerhans.
|
7 |
11574405
|
Glucose and insulin regulate PDX-1 by way of a signaling pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and SAPK2/p38.
|
8 |
11574405
|
Insulin and sodium arsenite, an activator of the stress-activated pathway, also stimulated PDX-1 movement from the nuclear periphery to the nucleoplasm.
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9 |
11574405
|
Glucose- and insulin-stimulated translocation of PDX-1 to the nucleoplasm was inhibited by wortmannin and SB 203580, indicating that a pathway involving PI 3-kinase and SAPK2/p38 was involved; translocation was unaffected by PD 098959 and rapamycin, suggesting that neither mitogen-activated protein kinase nor p70(s6k) were involved.
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10 |
11574405
|
These results demonstrated that PDX-1 shuttles between the nuclear periphery and nucleoplasm in response to changes in glucose and insulin concentrations and that these events are dependent on PI 3-kinase, SAPK2/p38, and a nuclear phosphatase(s).
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11 |
11574405
|
Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) is a homeodomain protein that plays an important role in the development of the pancreas and in maintaining the identity and function of the islets of Langerhans.
|
12 |
11574405
|
Glucose and insulin regulate PDX-1 by way of a signaling pathway involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and SAPK2/p38.
|
13 |
11574405
|
Insulin and sodium arsenite, an activator of the stress-activated pathway, also stimulated PDX-1 movement from the nuclear periphery to the nucleoplasm.
|
14 |
11574405
|
Glucose- and insulin-stimulated translocation of PDX-1 to the nucleoplasm was inhibited by wortmannin and SB 203580, indicating that a pathway involving PI 3-kinase and SAPK2/p38 was involved; translocation was unaffected by PD 098959 and rapamycin, suggesting that neither mitogen-activated protein kinase nor p70(s6k) were involved.
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15 |
11574405
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These results demonstrated that PDX-1 shuttles between the nuclear periphery and nucleoplasm in response to changes in glucose and insulin concentrations and that these events are dependent on PI 3-kinase, SAPK2/p38, and a nuclear phosphatase(s).
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16 |
12453892
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Activating transcription factor-2 mediates transcriptional regulation of gluconeogenic gene PEPCK by retinoic acid.
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17 |
12453892
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All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is known to increase the rate of transcription of the PEPCK gene upon engagement of the RA receptor (RAR).
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18 |
12453892
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Here we show that RA upregulation of PEPCK promoter activity requires the cAMP response element (CRE)-1 in addition to the RA-response element and that activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) binds the CRE element to mediate this effect.
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19 |
12453892
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Furthermore, we show that RA treatment potentiates ATF-2-dependent transactivation by inducing specific phosphorylation of ATF-2 by p38beta kinase.
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20 |
12453892
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ATF-2 activation by RA blocked the inhibitory intramolecular interaction of ATF-2 amino and carboxyl terminal domains in a p38beta kinase-dependent manner.
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21 |
12453892
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Consistent with these results, RA treatment increased the DNA binding activity of ATF-2 on the PEPCK CRE-1 sequence.
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22 |
12453892
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Taken together, the data suggest that RA activates the p38beta kinase pathway leading to phosphorylation and activation of ATF-2, thereby enhancing PEPCK gene transcription and glucose production.
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23 |
12453892
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Activating transcription factor-2 mediates transcriptional regulation of gluconeogenic gene PEPCK by retinoic acid.
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24 |
12453892
|
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is known to increase the rate of transcription of the PEPCK gene upon engagement of the RA receptor (RAR).
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25 |
12453892
|
Here we show that RA upregulation of PEPCK promoter activity requires the cAMP response element (CRE)-1 in addition to the RA-response element and that activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) binds the CRE element to mediate this effect.
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26 |
12453892
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Furthermore, we show that RA treatment potentiates ATF-2-dependent transactivation by inducing specific phosphorylation of ATF-2 by p38beta kinase.
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27 |
12453892
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ATF-2 activation by RA blocked the inhibitory intramolecular interaction of ATF-2 amino and carboxyl terminal domains in a p38beta kinase-dependent manner.
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28 |
12453892
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Consistent with these results, RA treatment increased the DNA binding activity of ATF-2 on the PEPCK CRE-1 sequence.
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29 |
12453892
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Taken together, the data suggest that RA activates the p38beta kinase pathway leading to phosphorylation and activation of ATF-2, thereby enhancing PEPCK gene transcription and glucose production.
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30 |
12453892
|
Activating transcription factor-2 mediates transcriptional regulation of gluconeogenic gene PEPCK by retinoic acid.
|
31 |
12453892
|
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is known to increase the rate of transcription of the PEPCK gene upon engagement of the RA receptor (RAR).
|
32 |
12453892
|
Here we show that RA upregulation of PEPCK promoter activity requires the cAMP response element (CRE)-1 in addition to the RA-response element and that activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) binds the CRE element to mediate this effect.
|
33 |
12453892
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Furthermore, we show that RA treatment potentiates ATF-2-dependent transactivation by inducing specific phosphorylation of ATF-2 by p38beta kinase.
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34 |
12453892
|
ATF-2 activation by RA blocked the inhibitory intramolecular interaction of ATF-2 amino and carboxyl terminal domains in a p38beta kinase-dependent manner.
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35 |
12453892
|
Consistent with these results, RA treatment increased the DNA binding activity of ATF-2 on the PEPCK CRE-1 sequence.
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36 |
12453892
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Taken together, the data suggest that RA activates the p38beta kinase pathway leading to phosphorylation and activation of ATF-2, thereby enhancing PEPCK gene transcription and glucose production.
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37 |
14634066
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Expression of CD11c, CD40, CD54, and major histocompatibility complex I-A(g7) was reduced in cells cultured with additional DcR3.Fc, compared with DCs incubated with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4, indicating that DcR3 interferes with the differentiation and maturation of BM-DCs.
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38 |
14634066
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One of the most striking effects of DcR3.Fc on the differentiation of DCs was the up-regulation of CD86 and down-regulation of CD80, suggesting a modulatory potential to skew the T cell response toward the T helper cell type 2 (Th2) phenotype.
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39 |
14634066
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Moreover, the secretion of interferon-gamma from T cells cocultured with DcR3.Fc-treated DCs was profoundly suppressed, indicating that DcR3 exerts a Th1-suppressing effect on differentiating DCs.
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40 |
14634066
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Data from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight analysis show an up-regulation of some proteins-such as mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 beta, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, and signal-induced proliferation-associated gene 1-and a down-regulation of the IL-17 precursor; tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand family member-associated nuclear factor-kappaB activator-binding kinase 1; and Golgi S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine in cells treated with DcR3, further demonstrating its effect on DC differentiation and function.
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41 |
16249440
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Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake does not require p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in adipose tissue or skeletal muscle.
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42 |
16249440
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It has been proposed that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms sensitive to the pyridinylimidazole compounds SB 203580 and SB 202190 may participate in the acute insulin-dependent activation of glucose transporters recruited to the plasma membrane of adipocytes and skeletal muscle.
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43 |
16249440
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Here, we explore whether these kinases support the insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in these tissues by investigating the effects of a genetic loss in p38beta and that of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580.
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44 |
16249440
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Despite the activation of glucose uptake at the higher cytocrit, insulin failed to induce any detectable activation of p38 MAPK, whereas p38 signaling was robustly activated by anisomycin in a SB 203580-sensitive manner.
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45 |
16249440
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Although insulin also failed to induce any detectable activation of p38 MAPK in muscle, insulin-dependent glucose uptake was reduced by SB 203580 (approximately 44%) in muscle of both wild-type and p38beta-null mice.
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46 |
16249440
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Our results indicate that p38beta is not required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes or muscle.
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47 |
16249440
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Moreover, given that insulin fails to promote any significant activation of p38 MAPK in these tissues and the finding that sensitivity of glucose uptake, but not that of the kinase, to SB 203580 can be influenced by cytocrit, we suggest that p38 signaling is unlikely to participate in any putative activation of transporters recruited to the cell surface by insulin and that SB 203580 suppresses insulin-stimulated glucose transport by a mechanism unrelated to its inhibitory effect on p38 MAPK.
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48 |
16249440
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Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake does not require p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in adipose tissue or skeletal muscle.
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49 |
16249440
|
It has been proposed that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms sensitive to the pyridinylimidazole compounds SB 203580 and SB 202190 may participate in the acute insulin-dependent activation of glucose transporters recruited to the plasma membrane of adipocytes and skeletal muscle.
|
50 |
16249440
|
Here, we explore whether these kinases support the insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in these tissues by investigating the effects of a genetic loss in p38beta and that of the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580.
|
51 |
16249440
|
Despite the activation of glucose uptake at the higher cytocrit, insulin failed to induce any detectable activation of p38 MAPK, whereas p38 signaling was robustly activated by anisomycin in a SB 203580-sensitive manner.
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52 |
16249440
|
Although insulin also failed to induce any detectable activation of p38 MAPK in muscle, insulin-dependent glucose uptake was reduced by SB 203580 (approximately 44%) in muscle of both wild-type and p38beta-null mice.
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53 |
16249440
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Our results indicate that p38beta is not required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes or muscle.
|
54 |
16249440
|
Moreover, given that insulin fails to promote any significant activation of p38 MAPK in these tissues and the finding that sensitivity of glucose uptake, but not that of the kinase, to SB 203580 can be influenced by cytocrit, we suggest that p38 signaling is unlikely to participate in any putative activation of transporters recruited to the cell surface by insulin and that SB 203580 suppresses insulin-stimulated glucose transport by a mechanism unrelated to its inhibitory effect on p38 MAPK.
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55 |
17053028
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Diazoxide prevents diabetes through inhibiting pancreatic beta-cells from apoptosis via Bcl-2/Bax rate and p38-beta mitogen-activated protein kinase.
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56 |
17053028
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Further study demonstrated that diazoxide up-regulated Bcl-2 expression and p38beta MAPK, which expressed at very low levels due to the high glucose, but not c-jun N-terminal kinase and ERK.
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57 |
17053028
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In this study, we demonstrate that diazoxide prevents the onset and development of diabetes in OLETF rats by inhibiting beta-cell apoptosis via increasing p38beta MAPK, elevating Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and ameliorating insulin secretory capacity and action.
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58 |
17053028
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Diazoxide prevents diabetes through inhibiting pancreatic beta-cells from apoptosis via Bcl-2/Bax rate and p38-beta mitogen-activated protein kinase.
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59 |
17053028
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Further study demonstrated that diazoxide up-regulated Bcl-2 expression and p38beta MAPK, which expressed at very low levels due to the high glucose, but not c-jun N-terminal kinase and ERK.
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60 |
17053028
|
In this study, we demonstrate that diazoxide prevents the onset and development of diabetes in OLETF rats by inhibiting beta-cell apoptosis via increasing p38beta MAPK, elevating Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and ameliorating insulin secretory capacity and action.
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61 |
17053028
|
Diazoxide prevents diabetes through inhibiting pancreatic beta-cells from apoptosis via Bcl-2/Bax rate and p38-beta mitogen-activated protein kinase.
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62 |
17053028
|
Further study demonstrated that diazoxide up-regulated Bcl-2 expression and p38beta MAPK, which expressed at very low levels due to the high glucose, but not c-jun N-terminal kinase and ERK.
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63 |
17053028
|
In this study, we demonstrate that diazoxide prevents the onset and development of diabetes in OLETF rats by inhibiting beta-cell apoptosis via increasing p38beta MAPK, elevating Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and ameliorating insulin secretory capacity and action.
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