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9598824
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We also propose a model of signal transduction for the endothelial cell response to shear stress including possible mechanotransducers (integrins, caveolae, ion channels, and G proteins), intermediate signaling molecules (c-Src, ras, Raf, protein kinase C) and the mitogen activated protein kinases (ERK1/2, JNK, p38, BMK-1), and effector molecules (nitric oxide).
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2 |
14515181
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Induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor I by the PPARalpha ligand, Wy-14,643, is dependent on ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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14515181
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Impairment of the fibrinolytic system, mostly due to elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), is often associated with metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus and insulin-resistance syndrome.
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14515181
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Moreover, insulin, as we have previously shown, directly stimulates PAI-1 production with a mechanism underlying a complex signaling network which ultimately leads to ERK activation.
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14515181
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In this study we have analyzed the effects of agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha and gamma on PAI-1 biosynthesis in HepG2 cells in the presence or absence of insulin.
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14515181
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The high affinity PPARalpha agonist, Wy-14,643, increased basal and insulin-stimulated PAI-1 antigen release with a mechanism involving gene transcription.
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14515181
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We then investigated whether the MAP kinase pathway also plays a role in the stimulatory properties of Wy-L4,643.
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14515181
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Wy-L4,643 increases phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in a time-dependent manner without affecting that of SAPK/JNK or ERK5.
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14515181
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Moreover, the MEK (ERK kinase) inhibitors, PD98059 and UO126, completely prevented PAI-1 induction by Wy-14,643 without inhibiting the activation of a reporter gene carrying the PPRE element.
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14515181
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Interestingly, the addition of p38 inhibitor followed by insulin and Wy-14,643 resulted in a greater than additive stimulation of PAI-1 secretion acting through ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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14515181
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In contrast, the synthetic PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone, did not change PAI-1 level, although this compound induced transcription from the PPRE-driven luciferase reporter construct.
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14515181
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In conclusion, Wy-14,643 induces PAI-1 gene expression, in the presence or absence of insulin, with a mechanism which is independent on PPARalpha activation and requires signaling through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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18218985
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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 SUMOylation antagonizes shear stress-induced antiinflammatory response and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial cells.
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18218985
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Shear stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)5 activation and the consequent regulation of Kruppel-like factor 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression represents one of the antiinflammatory and vascular tone regulatory mechanisms maintaining normal endothelial function.
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15 |
18218985
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We investigated whether H(2)O(2) and AGE (advanced glycation end products), 2 well-known mediators of diabetes, negatively regulated ERK5 transcriptional activity and laminar flow-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression through ERK5 SUMOylation.
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18218985
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ERK5 transcriptional activity, but not kinase activity, was inhibited by expression of Ubc9 (SUMO E2 conjugase) or PIAS1 (E3 ligase), suggesting the involvement of ERK5 SUMOylation on its transcriptional activity.
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17 |
18218985
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Point-mutation analyses showed that ERK5 is covalently modified by SUMO at 2 conserved sites, Lys6 and Lys22, and that the SUMOylation defective mutant of ERK5, dominant negative form of Ubc9 (DN-Ubc9), and small interfering RNA PIAS1 reversed H(2)O(2) and AGE-mediated reduction of shear stress-mediated ERK5/myocyte enhancer factor 2 transcriptional activity, as well as promoter activity of Kruppel-like factor 2.
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18218985
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Finally, PIAS1 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of H(2)O(2) in shear stress-induced Kruppel-like factor 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression.
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19 |
18218985
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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 SUMOylation antagonizes shear stress-induced antiinflammatory response and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial cells.
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20 |
18218985
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Shear stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)5 activation and the consequent regulation of Kruppel-like factor 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression represents one of the antiinflammatory and vascular tone regulatory mechanisms maintaining normal endothelial function.
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21 |
18218985
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We investigated whether H(2)O(2) and AGE (advanced glycation end products), 2 well-known mediators of diabetes, negatively regulated ERK5 transcriptional activity and laminar flow-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression through ERK5 SUMOylation.
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22 |
18218985
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ERK5 transcriptional activity, but not kinase activity, was inhibited by expression of Ubc9 (SUMO E2 conjugase) or PIAS1 (E3 ligase), suggesting the involvement of ERK5 SUMOylation on its transcriptional activity.
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23 |
18218985
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Point-mutation analyses showed that ERK5 is covalently modified by SUMO at 2 conserved sites, Lys6 and Lys22, and that the SUMOylation defective mutant of ERK5, dominant negative form of Ubc9 (DN-Ubc9), and small interfering RNA PIAS1 reversed H(2)O(2) and AGE-mediated reduction of shear stress-mediated ERK5/myocyte enhancer factor 2 transcriptional activity, as well as promoter activity of Kruppel-like factor 2.
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24 |
18218985
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Finally, PIAS1 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of H(2)O(2) in shear stress-induced Kruppel-like factor 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression.
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25 |
18218985
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Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 SUMOylation antagonizes shear stress-induced antiinflammatory response and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial cells.
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26 |
18218985
|
Shear stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)5 activation and the consequent regulation of Kruppel-like factor 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression represents one of the antiinflammatory and vascular tone regulatory mechanisms maintaining normal endothelial function.
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27 |
18218985
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We investigated whether H(2)O(2) and AGE (advanced glycation end products), 2 well-known mediators of diabetes, negatively regulated ERK5 transcriptional activity and laminar flow-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression through ERK5 SUMOylation.
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28 |
18218985
|
ERK5 transcriptional activity, but not kinase activity, was inhibited by expression of Ubc9 (SUMO E2 conjugase) or PIAS1 (E3 ligase), suggesting the involvement of ERK5 SUMOylation on its transcriptional activity.
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29 |
18218985
|
Point-mutation analyses showed that ERK5 is covalently modified by SUMO at 2 conserved sites, Lys6 and Lys22, and that the SUMOylation defective mutant of ERK5, dominant negative form of Ubc9 (DN-Ubc9), and small interfering RNA PIAS1 reversed H(2)O(2) and AGE-mediated reduction of shear stress-mediated ERK5/myocyte enhancer factor 2 transcriptional activity, as well as promoter activity of Kruppel-like factor 2.
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30 |
18218985
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Finally, PIAS1 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of H(2)O(2) in shear stress-induced Kruppel-like factor 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression.
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31 |
18218985
|
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 SUMOylation antagonizes shear stress-induced antiinflammatory response and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in endothelial cells.
|
32 |
18218985
|
Shear stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)5 activation and the consequent regulation of Kruppel-like factor 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression represents one of the antiinflammatory and vascular tone regulatory mechanisms maintaining normal endothelial function.
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33 |
18218985
|
We investigated whether H(2)O(2) and AGE (advanced glycation end products), 2 well-known mediators of diabetes, negatively regulated ERK5 transcriptional activity and laminar flow-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression through ERK5 SUMOylation.
|
34 |
18218985
|
ERK5 transcriptional activity, but not kinase activity, was inhibited by expression of Ubc9 (SUMO E2 conjugase) or PIAS1 (E3 ligase), suggesting the involvement of ERK5 SUMOylation on its transcriptional activity.
|
35 |
18218985
|
Point-mutation analyses showed that ERK5 is covalently modified by SUMO at 2 conserved sites, Lys6 and Lys22, and that the SUMOylation defective mutant of ERK5, dominant negative form of Ubc9 (DN-Ubc9), and small interfering RNA PIAS1 reversed H(2)O(2) and AGE-mediated reduction of shear stress-mediated ERK5/myocyte enhancer factor 2 transcriptional activity, as well as promoter activity of Kruppel-like factor 2.
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36 |
18218985
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Finally, PIAS1 knockdown reversed the inhibitory effect of H(2)O(2) in shear stress-induced Kruppel-like factor 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression.
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37 |
18467627
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Effects of MEK5/ERK5 association on small ubiquitin-related modification of ERK5: implications for diabetic ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction.
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38 |
18467627
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ERK5 wild-type transcriptional activity was inhibited by Ubc9 (SUMO E2 conjugase) or PIAS1 (E3 ligase), but not in the ERK5-SUMOylation-site defective mutant (K6R/K22R).
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39 |
18467627
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Effects of MEK5/ERK5 association on small ubiquitin-related modification of ERK5: implications for diabetic ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction.
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40 |
18467627
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ERK5 wild-type transcriptional activity was inhibited by Ubc9 (SUMO E2 conjugase) or PIAS1 (E3 ligase), but not in the ERK5-SUMOylation-site defective mutant (K6R/K22R).
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41 |
20811974
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The MAP kinase signaling cascades: a system of hundreds of components regulates a diverse array of physiological functions.
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42 |
20811974
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Sequential activation of kinases within the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) cascades is a common, and evolutionary-conserved mechanism of signal transduction.
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43 |
20811974
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These are the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-Terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and ERK5 cascades.
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44 |
21792366
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In addition to cardiac hypertrophy-related mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways (e.g., p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellularly responsive kinase (ERK1/2)), the IL-6/MEK5/ERK5 signaling pathway was greatly activated in the diabetic rat hearts, which contributes to the up-regulation of cardiac pathologic hypertrophy markers including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and leads to cardiac contractile dysfunction.
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45 |
21792366
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Garlic oil treatment significantly inhibited the up-regulation in MAPK (e.g., p38, JNK and ERK1/2) and IL-6/MEK5/ERK5 signaling pathways in the diabetic rat hearts, reducing the levels of cardiac pathologic hypertrophy markers such as ANP and BNP, and improving the cardiac contractile function.
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46 |
21792366
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In addition to cardiac hypertrophy-related mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways (e.g., p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) and extracellularly responsive kinase (ERK1/2)), the IL-6/MEK5/ERK5 signaling pathway was greatly activated in the diabetic rat hearts, which contributes to the up-regulation of cardiac pathologic hypertrophy markers including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and leads to cardiac contractile dysfunction.
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47 |
21792366
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Garlic oil treatment significantly inhibited the up-regulation in MAPK (e.g., p38, JNK and ERK1/2) and IL-6/MEK5/ERK5 signaling pathways in the diabetic rat hearts, reducing the levels of cardiac pathologic hypertrophy markers such as ANP and BNP, and improving the cardiac contractile function.
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