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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
16886907
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NF-Y, AP2, Nrf1 and Sp1 regulate the fragile X-related gene 2 (FXR2).
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16886907
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The protein product of this gene, FMRP (fragile X mental retardation protein), is thought to be involved in the translational regulation of mRNAs important for learning and memory.
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16886907
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Disruption of Fxr2 in mice produces learning and memory deficits, and Fmr1 and Fxr2 double-knockout mice have exaggerated impairments in certain neurobehavioral phenotypes relative to the single gene knockouts.
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16886907
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This has led to the suggestion that FMR1 and FXR2 functionally overlap and that increasing the expression of FXR2P may ameliorate the symptoms of an FMRP deficiency.
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5 |
16886907
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Interestingly, the region upstream of the FXR2 translation start site acts as a bidirectional promoter in rodents, driving transcription of an alternative transcript encoding the ABP (androgen-binding protein) [aABP (alternative ABP promoter)].
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6 |
16886907
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Gel electrophoretic mobility-shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation studies and co-transfection experiments with plasmids expressing these transcription factors or dominant-negative versions of these factors showed that NF-YA (nuclear transcription factor Yalpha), AP2 (activator protein 2), Nrf1 (nuclear respiratory factor/alpha-Pal) and Sp1 (specificity protein 1) all bind to the FXR2 promoter both in vitro and in vivo and positively regulate the FXR2 promoter.
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7 |
16954217
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Furthermore, overexpression of AP-2beta leads to lipid accumulation by enhancing glucose transport and inducing insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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8 |
16954217
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In this study we demonstrated that overexpression of AP-2beta in 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased the expression and secretion of adiponectin and increased those of interleukin-6 (IL-6).
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16954217
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Interestingly, the effects of AP-2beta on the expressions of adiponectin and IL-6 and the mechanisms by which AP-2beta modulated their expressions were different.
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10 |
16954217
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We found that the promoter activity of adiponectin gene was inhibited by AP-2beta overexpression and enhanced by knockdown of endogenous AP-2beta, whereas IL-6 was unaffected.
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11 |
16954217
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Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed the existence of putative responsive elements for AP-2beta and NF-YA in human and mouse adiponectin promoter regions, and mutation of this AP-2beta binding site abolished the inhibitory effect of AP-2beta.
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12 |
16954217
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Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AP-2beta and NF-YA competitively bind to the same region of the adiponectin promoter.
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13 |
16954217
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Our results clearly demonstrated that AP-2beta directly inhibits adiponectin gene expression by displacing NF-YA and binding to its promoter.
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14 |
16954217
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We conclude that AP-2beta might modulate the expression of adiponectin by directly inhibiting its transcriptional activity.
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15 |
16954217
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Furthermore, overexpression of AP-2beta leads to lipid accumulation by enhancing glucose transport and inducing insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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16 |
16954217
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In this study we demonstrated that overexpression of AP-2beta in 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased the expression and secretion of adiponectin and increased those of interleukin-6 (IL-6).
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17 |
16954217
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Interestingly, the effects of AP-2beta on the expressions of adiponectin and IL-6 and the mechanisms by which AP-2beta modulated their expressions were different.
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18 |
16954217
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We found that the promoter activity of adiponectin gene was inhibited by AP-2beta overexpression and enhanced by knockdown of endogenous AP-2beta, whereas IL-6 was unaffected.
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19 |
16954217
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Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed the existence of putative responsive elements for AP-2beta and NF-YA in human and mouse adiponectin promoter regions, and mutation of this AP-2beta binding site abolished the inhibitory effect of AP-2beta.
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20 |
16954217
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Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AP-2beta and NF-YA competitively bind to the same region of the adiponectin promoter.
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21 |
16954217
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Our results clearly demonstrated that AP-2beta directly inhibits adiponectin gene expression by displacing NF-YA and binding to its promoter.
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22 |
16954217
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We conclude that AP-2beta might modulate the expression of adiponectin by directly inhibiting its transcriptional activity.
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23 |
16954217
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Furthermore, overexpression of AP-2beta leads to lipid accumulation by enhancing glucose transport and inducing insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
|
24 |
16954217
|
In this study we demonstrated that overexpression of AP-2beta in 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased the expression and secretion of adiponectin and increased those of interleukin-6 (IL-6).
|
25 |
16954217
|
Interestingly, the effects of AP-2beta on the expressions of adiponectin and IL-6 and the mechanisms by which AP-2beta modulated their expressions were different.
|
26 |
16954217
|
We found that the promoter activity of adiponectin gene was inhibited by AP-2beta overexpression and enhanced by knockdown of endogenous AP-2beta, whereas IL-6 was unaffected.
|
27 |
16954217
|
Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed the existence of putative responsive elements for AP-2beta and NF-YA in human and mouse adiponectin promoter regions, and mutation of this AP-2beta binding site abolished the inhibitory effect of AP-2beta.
|
28 |
16954217
|
Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AP-2beta and NF-YA competitively bind to the same region of the adiponectin promoter.
|
29 |
16954217
|
Our results clearly demonstrated that AP-2beta directly inhibits adiponectin gene expression by displacing NF-YA and binding to its promoter.
|
30 |
16954217
|
We conclude that AP-2beta might modulate the expression of adiponectin by directly inhibiting its transcriptional activity.
|