Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: PDYN

Gene name: prodynorphin

HGNC ID: 8820

Synonyms: PENKB, ADCA

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CCK	1 hits
2	DBH	1 hits
3	GAL	1 hits
4	GAST	1 hits
5	GRP	1 hits
6	INS	1 hits
7	NPY	1 hits
8	OPRK1	1 hits
9	POMC	1 hits
10	SST	1 hits
11	TAC1	1 hits
12	TH	1 hits
13	TRH	1 hits
14	VIP	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1691431	Marked sex differences in lean control mice were found at 3 weeks of age in pancreatic Met-enkephalin-LI and galanin-LI (with two- to threefold higher content in males).
2	1691431	Low pancreatic content (50% to 70% lower than in control mice) of galanin-LI, Met-enkephalin-LI and Leu-enkephalin-LI was associated with hyperinsulinemia in male B6 ob/ob and db/db mice at 3 weeks of age, though not in B6 db/db females and not in BKs db/db mice of either sex.
3	1701038	Colchicine treatment alone resulted in appearance of galanin-, dynorphin-, cholecystokinin-, [Leu]enkephalin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-positive cells.
4	1701038	When salt-loaded rats received colchicine, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity in addition increased, whereas galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity markedly decreased.
5	1701038	The Brattleboro rats resembled untreated rats, except their lack of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity, the marked increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity, and smaller increase in galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity.
6	1701038	Addition of colchicine to Brattleboro rats resulted in some distinct further changes in that dynorphin-like immunoreactivity decreased in some neurons and that [Leu]enkephalin-, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity increased substantially.
7	1701038	However, a marked difference in immunoreactive [Leu]enkephalin levels was observed with no difference in dynorphin-like immunoreactivity, and opposite changes in galanin-like immunoreactivity.
8	1701038	Vasopressin-containing neurons primarily express tyrosine hydroxylase, galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and peptide histidine-isoleucine, and to a minor extent cholecystokinin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
9	1701038	Oxytocin-containing neurons mainly have cholecystokinin and corticotropin-releasing factor, and to a minor extent galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
10	1701038	Colchicine treatment alone resulted in appearance of galanin-, dynorphin-, cholecystokinin-, [Leu]enkephalin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-positive cells.
11	1701038	When salt-loaded rats received colchicine, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity in addition increased, whereas galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity markedly decreased.
12	1701038	The Brattleboro rats resembled untreated rats, except their lack of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity, the marked increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity, and smaller increase in galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity.
13	1701038	Addition of colchicine to Brattleboro rats resulted in some distinct further changes in that dynorphin-like immunoreactivity decreased in some neurons and that [Leu]enkephalin-, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity increased substantially.
14	1701038	However, a marked difference in immunoreactive [Leu]enkephalin levels was observed with no difference in dynorphin-like immunoreactivity, and opposite changes in galanin-like immunoreactivity.
15	1701038	Vasopressin-containing neurons primarily express tyrosine hydroxylase, galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and peptide histidine-isoleucine, and to a minor extent cholecystokinin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
16	1701038	Oxytocin-containing neurons mainly have cholecystokinin and corticotropin-releasing factor, and to a minor extent galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
17	1701038	Colchicine treatment alone resulted in appearance of galanin-, dynorphin-, cholecystokinin-, [Leu]enkephalin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-positive cells.
18	1701038	When salt-loaded rats received colchicine, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity in addition increased, whereas galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity markedly decreased.
19	1701038	The Brattleboro rats resembled untreated rats, except their lack of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity, the marked increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity, and smaller increase in galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity.
20	1701038	Addition of colchicine to Brattleboro rats resulted in some distinct further changes in that dynorphin-like immunoreactivity decreased in some neurons and that [Leu]enkephalin-, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity increased substantially.
21	1701038	However, a marked difference in immunoreactive [Leu]enkephalin levels was observed with no difference in dynorphin-like immunoreactivity, and opposite changes in galanin-like immunoreactivity.
22	1701038	Vasopressin-containing neurons primarily express tyrosine hydroxylase, galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and peptide histidine-isoleucine, and to a minor extent cholecystokinin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
23	1701038	Oxytocin-containing neurons mainly have cholecystokinin and corticotropin-releasing factor, and to a minor extent galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
24	1701038	Colchicine treatment alone resulted in appearance of galanin-, dynorphin-, cholecystokinin-, [Leu]enkephalin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-positive cells.
25	1701038	When salt-loaded rats received colchicine, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity in addition increased, whereas galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity markedly decreased.
26	1701038	The Brattleboro rats resembled untreated rats, except their lack of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity, the marked increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity, and smaller increase in galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity.
27	1701038	Addition of colchicine to Brattleboro rats resulted in some distinct further changes in that dynorphin-like immunoreactivity decreased in some neurons and that [Leu]enkephalin-, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity increased substantially.
28	1701038	However, a marked difference in immunoreactive [Leu]enkephalin levels was observed with no difference in dynorphin-like immunoreactivity, and opposite changes in galanin-like immunoreactivity.
29	1701038	Vasopressin-containing neurons primarily express tyrosine hydroxylase, galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and peptide histidine-isoleucine, and to a minor extent cholecystokinin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
30	1701038	Oxytocin-containing neurons mainly have cholecystokinin and corticotropin-releasing factor, and to a minor extent galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
31	1701038	Colchicine treatment alone resulted in appearance of galanin-, dynorphin-, cholecystokinin-, [Leu]enkephalin- and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-positive cells.
32	1701038	When salt-loaded rats received colchicine, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity in addition increased, whereas galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity markedly decreased.
33	1701038	The Brattleboro rats resembled untreated rats, except their lack of vasopressin-like immunoreactivity, the marked increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity, and smaller increase in galanin- and dynorphin-like immunoreactivity.
34	1701038	Addition of colchicine to Brattleboro rats resulted in some distinct further changes in that dynorphin-like immunoreactivity decreased in some neurons and that [Leu]enkephalin-, corticotropin-releasing factor- and peptide histidine-isoleucine-like immunoreactivity increased substantially.
35	1701038	However, a marked difference in immunoreactive [Leu]enkephalin levels was observed with no difference in dynorphin-like immunoreactivity, and opposite changes in galanin-like immunoreactivity.
36	1701038	Vasopressin-containing neurons primarily express tyrosine hydroxylase, galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and peptide histidine-isoleucine, and to a minor extent cholecystokinin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
37	1701038	Oxytocin-containing neurons mainly have cholecystokinin and corticotropin-releasing factor, and to a minor extent galanin, dynorphin, [Leu]enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
38	2527831	Immunoreactive beta-endorphin and met- and leu-enkephalin contents in pancreas and pituitary of corpulent (cp/cp) rats.
39	2527831	In the present study, content of three opioid peptide immunoreactivities (beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin) were measured in pituitary and pancreas of two recently described, genetically obese rats, the LA/N-cp and the SHR/N-cp.
40	2527831	There were no significant differences in content of immunoreactive beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin or leu-enkephalin in whole pituitary, posterior or anterior lobes of the pituitary, or pancreas which could be ascribed to the effect of the obese phenotype.
41	2527831	Immunoreactive beta-endorphin and met- and leu-enkephalin contents in pancreas and pituitary of corpulent (cp/cp) rats.
42	2527831	In the present study, content of three opioid peptide immunoreactivities (beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin) were measured in pituitary and pancreas of two recently described, genetically obese rats, the LA/N-cp and the SHR/N-cp.
43	2527831	There were no significant differences in content of immunoreactive beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin or leu-enkephalin in whole pituitary, posterior or anterior lobes of the pituitary, or pancreas which could be ascribed to the effect of the obese phenotype.
44	2527831	Immunoreactive beta-endorphin and met- and leu-enkephalin contents in pancreas and pituitary of corpulent (cp/cp) rats.
45	2527831	In the present study, content of three opioid peptide immunoreactivities (beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin) were measured in pituitary and pancreas of two recently described, genetically obese rats, the LA/N-cp and the SHR/N-cp.
46	2527831	There were no significant differences in content of immunoreactive beta-endorphin, met-enkephalin or leu-enkephalin in whole pituitary, posterior or anterior lobes of the pituitary, or pancreas which could be ascribed to the effect of the obese phenotype.
47	2544774	The 125I-ANF binding to retinal particulate preparations was not inhibited by 1 microM concentration of somatostatin, vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin releasing hormone, or leu-enkephalin.
48	2905198	Immunohistologic localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and selected neuropeptides (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)/bombesin, substance P, Leu-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin, dynorphin B, neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin) was used to investigate the innervation of the small bowel in a rat model of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
49	2944783	We have recently shown that in addition to beta-endorphin the opioid peptides Met- and Leu-enkephalin and their apparent precursors are localized in islet endocrine cells of the rat pancreas.
50	2944783	Elevations or decreases (P less than .05) were found in db/db mice (vs. lean littermates) as follows: pituitary content of Met-enkephalin was twofold higher at all ages studied; pituitary free Leu-enkephalin was lower at 4 wk and reversed to higher at 6-30 wk; pancreatic beta-endorphin was 30% lower at 4 wk and reversed to threefold higher at 6-12 wk; Met- and Leu-enkephalin-containing larger peptides were elevated at one or more points between 6 and 12 wk in both the pancreas and the pituitary.
51	2944783	Thus, the onset of overt obesity between 4 and 6 wk of age was accompanied by a marked rise in both pancreatic beta-endorphin and pituitary Leu-enkephalin; similar elevations in these parameters have been reported previously in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice at approximately 12 wk of age.
52	2944783	We have recently shown that in addition to beta-endorphin the opioid peptides Met- and Leu-enkephalin and their apparent precursors are localized in islet endocrine cells of the rat pancreas.
53	2944783	Elevations or decreases (P less than .05) were found in db/db mice (vs. lean littermates) as follows: pituitary content of Met-enkephalin was twofold higher at all ages studied; pituitary free Leu-enkephalin was lower at 4 wk and reversed to higher at 6-30 wk; pancreatic beta-endorphin was 30% lower at 4 wk and reversed to threefold higher at 6-12 wk; Met- and Leu-enkephalin-containing larger peptides were elevated at one or more points between 6 and 12 wk in both the pancreas and the pituitary.
54	2944783	Thus, the onset of overt obesity between 4 and 6 wk of age was accompanied by a marked rise in both pancreatic beta-endorphin and pituitary Leu-enkephalin; similar elevations in these parameters have been reported previously in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice at approximately 12 wk of age.
55	2944783	We have recently shown that in addition to beta-endorphin the opioid peptides Met- and Leu-enkephalin and their apparent precursors are localized in islet endocrine cells of the rat pancreas.
56	2944783	Elevations or decreases (P less than .05) were found in db/db mice (vs. lean littermates) as follows: pituitary content of Met-enkephalin was twofold higher at all ages studied; pituitary free Leu-enkephalin was lower at 4 wk and reversed to higher at 6-30 wk; pancreatic beta-endorphin was 30% lower at 4 wk and reversed to threefold higher at 6-12 wk; Met- and Leu-enkephalin-containing larger peptides were elevated at one or more points between 6 and 12 wk in both the pancreas and the pituitary.
57	2944783	Thus, the onset of overt obesity between 4 and 6 wk of age was accompanied by a marked rise in both pancreatic beta-endorphin and pituitary Leu-enkephalin; similar elevations in these parameters have been reported previously in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice at approximately 12 wk of age.
58	2952536	To determine the role of endogenous opiates in endotoxin-induced glucose-stimulated hyperinsulinism, plasma beta-endorphin, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, insulin, and glucose concentrations were measured for 6 h in fasted, anesthetized dogs given LD70 of E. coli endotoxin; endotoxin and glucose; endotoxin, glucose, and naloxone (an opiate antagonist); glucose and naloxone; or glucose alone.
59	2952536	The elevation of plasma Met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin preceded the onset of hyperinsulinism, but the elevation of plasma Leu-enkephalin did not.
60	2952536	To determine the role of endogenous opiates in endotoxin-induced glucose-stimulated hyperinsulinism, plasma beta-endorphin, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin, insulin, and glucose concentrations were measured for 6 h in fasted, anesthetized dogs given LD70 of E. coli endotoxin; endotoxin and glucose; endotoxin, glucose, and naloxone (an opiate antagonist); glucose and naloxone; or glucose alone.
61	2952536	The elevation of plasma Met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin preceded the onset of hyperinsulinism, but the elevation of plasma Leu-enkephalin did not.
62	3721063	Modulatory glucose effect on bombesin-like immunoreactivity and gastrin secretion from isolated perfused rat stomach.
63	3721063	Therefore, our study was designed to determine the effect of acute changes in glucose concentrations on the release of gastrin and bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI) from the isolated perfused rat stomach.
64	3721063	On the other hand, the perfusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and Leu-enkephalin had no effect on BLI and gastrin secretion during 100 mg/dl glucose perfusion, but both peptides elicited a significant stimulatory effect on BLI secretion during a perfusate glucose concentration of 200 mg/dl without affecting gastrin secretion.
65	7007886	We have compared the distribution of oxytocin, vasopressin and enkephalin immunoreactivity (IR) in the neurohypophysis of the rat, and report here that Met-enkephalin-IR is invariably associated with nerve terminals that contain oxytocin-IR whereas the terminals that contain vasopressin-IR often, but not invariably, are Leu-enkephalin immunoreactive.
66	7714765	Therefore, Met- and Leu-enkephalin, dynorphin A and beta-endorphin levels were measured in discrete brain regions and plasma from thioacetamide-treated rats in Stages II to IV of HE.
67	7714765	Pituitary and plasma beta-endorphin, Met- and Leu-enkephalin concentrations increased with the severity of HE by 50 to 290%.
68	7714765	Therefore, Met- and Leu-enkephalin, dynorphin A and beta-endorphin levels were measured in discrete brain regions and plasma from thioacetamide-treated rats in Stages II to IV of HE.
69	7714765	Pituitary and plasma beta-endorphin, Met- and Leu-enkephalin concentrations increased with the severity of HE by 50 to 290%.
70	8947935	Using in vitro autoradiography, radioimmunoassays and a solution hybridization mRNA assay, brain regional mu and kappa opioid receptor binding, levels of prodynorphin-derived peptides, and prodynorphin mRNA, respectively, were measured in food-restricted and diabetic rats.
71	10233022	STZ-induced diabetes decreases and insulin normalizes POMC mRNA in arcuate nucleus and pituitary in rats.
72	10233022	Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in arcuate nucleus (Arc) and pituitary decreased in diabetes and normalized after insulin treatment.
73	10233022	Prodynorphin (proDyn) mRNA increased in diabetes and normalized in the pituitary after insulin but not in the Arc.
74	10233022	Diabetes did not alter proenkephalin (proEnk) expression in the Arc or pituitary, nor dynorphin A1-17 or beta-endorphin in paraventricular nucleus (PVN). alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) peptide levels were decreased in the PVN and normalized following insulin treatment.
75	10233022	Diabetes increased Arc neuropeptide Y mRNA, and insulin suppressed this increase.
76	10233022	In experiment 2, insulin (2.5 IU/kg sc) daily for 1 wk in normal rats increased Arc POMC mRNA, but not proDyn and proEnk mRNA.
77	10233022	Also, insulin may influence Arc and pituitary POMC activity in neurons that regulate energy metabolism.