Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: PER2

Gene name: period circadian clock 2

HGNC ID: 8846

Synonyms: KIAA0347

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ADIPOQ	1 hits
2	ARNTL	1 hits
3	CLOCK	1 hits
4	CRY1	1 hits
5	CRY2	1 hits
6	DBP	1 hits
7	IDDM2	1 hits
8	INS	1 hits
9	LEPR	1 hits
10	NAMPT	1 hits
11	NR1D1	1 hits
12	PDIK1L	1 hits
13	PER1	1 hits
14	PER3	1 hits
15	PRKAA2	1 hits
16	RETN	1 hits
17	SERPINE1	1 hits
18	SLC5A1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	15063761	The circadian expressing genes (mPer1, mPer2, and BMAL1) underwent a phase-shift induced by RF in the heart, liver, and kidney of both diabetic and normal animals.
2	15063761	The expression phase of the circadian output gene, albumin D-site binding protein (DBP), was completely shifted by RF both in normal and in diabetic mice, suggesting that the endogenous insulin is not essential for the entrainment of peripheral clocks to feeding cycles in mice.
3	15304349	Injection of insulin could normalize an impairment of mPer2 and mPER2 expression rhythm in the liver, when it was injected at nighttime, but not at daytime.
4	15306155	In contrast, the circadian expression of the clock gene, mPer2, was preserved in the diabetic mice, suggesting that the altered expression of PAI-1 mRNA did not arise due to impaired circadian clocks.
5	16166217	In C57BL/6J mice, all transcript levels of the clock genes (Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Cry2, and Dbp) and adipocytokines (adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin) clearly showed 24-h rhythms.
6	17525164	Activation of 5'-AMP-activated kinase with diabetes drug metformin induces casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon)-dependent degradation of clock protein mPer2.
7	17525164	One of the regulators of the period length is casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon), which by phosphorylating and inducing the degradation of the circadian clock component, mPer2, shortens the period length.
8	17525164	AMPK phosphorylates Ser-389 of CKIepsilon, resulting in increased CKIepsilon activity and degradation of mPer2.
9	17525164	In peripheral tissues, injection of metformin leads to mPer2 degradation and a phase advance in the circadian expression pattern of clock genes in wild-type mice but not in AMPK alpha2 knock-out mice.
10	17525164	Activation of 5'-AMP-activated kinase with diabetes drug metformin induces casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon)-dependent degradation of clock protein mPer2.
11	17525164	One of the regulators of the period length is casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon), which by phosphorylating and inducing the degradation of the circadian clock component, mPer2, shortens the period length.
12	17525164	AMPK phosphorylates Ser-389 of CKIepsilon, resulting in increased CKIepsilon activity and degradation of mPer2.
13	17525164	In peripheral tissues, injection of metformin leads to mPer2 degradation and a phase advance in the circadian expression pattern of clock genes in wild-type mice but not in AMPK alpha2 knock-out mice.
14	17525164	Activation of 5'-AMP-activated kinase with diabetes drug metformin induces casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon)-dependent degradation of clock protein mPer2.
15	17525164	One of the regulators of the period length is casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon), which by phosphorylating and inducing the degradation of the circadian clock component, mPer2, shortens the period length.
16	17525164	AMPK phosphorylates Ser-389 of CKIepsilon, resulting in increased CKIepsilon activity and degradation of mPer2.
17	17525164	In peripheral tissues, injection of metformin leads to mPer2 degradation and a phase advance in the circadian expression pattern of clock genes in wild-type mice but not in AMPK alpha2 knock-out mice.
18	17525164	Activation of 5'-AMP-activated kinase with diabetes drug metformin induces casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon)-dependent degradation of clock protein mPer2.
19	17525164	One of the regulators of the period length is casein kinase Iepsilon (CKIepsilon), which by phosphorylating and inducing the degradation of the circadian clock component, mPer2, shortens the period length.
20	17525164	AMPK phosphorylates Ser-389 of CKIepsilon, resulting in increased CKIepsilon activity and degradation of mPer2.
21	17525164	In peripheral tissues, injection of metformin leads to mPer2 degradation and a phase advance in the circadian expression pattern of clock genes in wild-type mice but not in AMPK alpha2 knock-out mice.
22	19444745	We assessed the mRNA levels of PER1, PER2, BMAL1, and CRY1 by real time PCR and analyzed their rhythmic expression by sliding means and Cosinor functions.
23	19444745	The acrophases (circadian rhythm peak time) of the PER mRNAs occurred in the morning (PER1: 07:44 h [peak level 187% higher than trough, p = .008]; PER2: 09:42 h [peak 254% higher than trough, p < .0001], and BMAL1 mRNA in the evening at 21:44 h [peak 438% higher than trough; p < .0001].
24	19444745	PER1, PER2, and BMAL1 mRNAs revealed clear circadian rhythms in the human heart, with their staging being in antiphase to those in rodents.
25	19444745	The acrophase of the myocardial PER mRNAs and the trough of the myocardial BMAL1 coincide to the time of day of most frequent myocardial incidents.
26	19444745	We assessed the mRNA levels of PER1, PER2, BMAL1, and CRY1 by real time PCR and analyzed their rhythmic expression by sliding means and Cosinor functions.
27	19444745	The acrophases (circadian rhythm peak time) of the PER mRNAs occurred in the morning (PER1: 07:44 h [peak level 187% higher than trough, p = .008]; PER2: 09:42 h [peak 254% higher than trough, p < .0001], and BMAL1 mRNA in the evening at 21:44 h [peak 438% higher than trough; p < .0001].
28	19444745	PER1, PER2, and BMAL1 mRNAs revealed clear circadian rhythms in the human heart, with their staging being in antiphase to those in rodents.
29	19444745	The acrophase of the myocardial PER mRNAs and the trough of the myocardial BMAL1 coincide to the time of day of most frequent myocardial incidents.
30	19444745	We assessed the mRNA levels of PER1, PER2, BMAL1, and CRY1 by real time PCR and analyzed their rhythmic expression by sliding means and Cosinor functions.
31	19444745	The acrophases (circadian rhythm peak time) of the PER mRNAs occurred in the morning (PER1: 07:44 h [peak level 187% higher than trough, p = .008]; PER2: 09:42 h [peak 254% higher than trough, p < .0001], and BMAL1 mRNA in the evening at 21:44 h [peak 438% higher than trough; p < .0001].
32	19444745	PER1, PER2, and BMAL1 mRNAs revealed clear circadian rhythms in the human heart, with their staging being in antiphase to those in rodents.
33	19444745	The acrophase of the myocardial PER mRNAs and the trough of the myocardial BMAL1 coincide to the time of day of most frequent myocardial incidents.
34	20200113	Jejunal mucosa was harvested across the diurnal period to generate expression profiles of Sglt1 and clock genes Clock, Bmal1 (brain-muscle Arnt-like 1), ReverbA/B, Per(Period) 1/2, and Cry (Cryptochrome) 1/2.
35	20200113	Light-restricted feeding shifted the expression rhythms of Sglt1 and most clock genes (Bmal1, ReverbA and B, Per1, Per2, and Cry1) compared with dark-restricted feeding (P < 0.05).
36	20200113	The Sglt1 rhythm shifted in parallel with rhythms of Per1 and ReverbB.
37	20205566	To address this issue, we investigated the associations of metabolic parameters and alcohol consumption with mRNA expression of clock genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, PER1, PER2, and PER3) in peripheral blood cells obtained from 29 healthy non-obese elderly men (age 51-78 yrs) who adhered to a regular sleep-wake routine, through a single time-of-day venous blood sampling at approximately 09:00 h.
38	20205566	There were significant correlations between (1) waist circumference and mRNA level of PER1 (r =-0.43), (2) plasma glucose concentration and PER2 (r =-0.50), (3) ethanol consumption and BMAL1 (r =-0.43), and (4) serum gamma-GTP concentration (a sensitive marker of alcohol consumption) and PER2 (r =-0.40).
39	20852621	Elevations in circulating glucagon and epinephrine, two hormones that activate hepatic gluconeogenesis, trigger the cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (Creb) and dephosphorylation of the Creb-regulated transcription coactivator-2 (Crtc2)--two key transcriptional regulators of this process.
40	20852621	Circadian control of gene expression is achieved by two transcriptional activators, Clock and Bmal1, which stimulate cryptochrome (Cry1 and Cry2) and Period (Per1, Per2 and Per3) repressors that feed back on Clock-Bmal1 activity.
41	20852621	Here we show that Creb activity during fasting is modulated by Cry1 and Cry2, which are rhythmically expressed in the liver.
42	20852621	Cry1 expression was elevated during the night-day transition, when it reduced fasting gluconeogenic gene expression by blocking glucagon-mediated increases in intracellular cAMP concentrations and in the protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of Creb.
43	20852621	In biochemical reconstitution studies, we found that Cry1 inhibited accumulation of cAMP in response to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation but not to forskolin, a direct activator of adenyl cyclase.
44	20852621	As hepatic overexpression of Cry1 lowered blood glucose concentrations and improved insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant db/db mice, our results suggest that compounds that enhance cryptochrome activity may provide therapeutic benefit to individuals with type 2 diabetes.
45	22080742	To assess this hypothesis, the authors determined daily mRNA expression profiles of clock genes Clock, Arntl, Per1, Per2, Cry1, Dbp, and Nr1d1 in several tissues of leptin-receptor-deficient Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats.
46	22080742	In contrast, mRNA levels of Per1 and Dbp around the peak time increased in the aorta of ZDF rats.
47	23285241	Circadian clock genes Per1 and Per2 regulate the response of metabolism-associated transcripts to sleep disruption.
48	23285241	In contrast, Per1/2 deficient mice show blunted effects of TSR on food intake, leptin levels and adipose transcription.
49	23632905	Hepatic mRNA was extracted, and the relative expression of clock genes (Per1, Per2, Bmal1, Clock, Cry1), as well as CCGs (Dbp, E4bp4, RevErbα, Rorα, Pparγ), was analyzed by reverse transcription followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
50	23632905	Diabetic STZ and Iddm rats, as well as insulin-substituted Iddm rats, exhibited a significant diurnal expression pattern of clock genes as determined by Cosinor analysis; however, the MESOR (midline estimating statistic of rhythm) of Bmal1, Per2, and Clock transcript expression was altered in Iddm and insulin-substituted Iddm rats.
51	23632905	Insulin administration to Iddm rats normalized the enhanced MESOR in the expression of Dbp, RevErbα, and E4bp4 to the levels of normoglycemic controls.
52	23632905	Cosinor analysis indicated no diurnal rhythm of Pparγ expression in the livers of diabetic STZ or Iddm rats or in those of insulin-substituted Iddm rats.
53	23632905	Also, insulin substitution could not reverse the decreased MESOR of Pparγ expression in Iddm rats.
54	23632905	Hepatic mRNA was extracted, and the relative expression of clock genes (Per1, Per2, Bmal1, Clock, Cry1), as well as CCGs (Dbp, E4bp4, RevErbα, Rorα, Pparγ), was analyzed by reverse transcription followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
55	23632905	Diabetic STZ and Iddm rats, as well as insulin-substituted Iddm rats, exhibited a significant diurnal expression pattern of clock genes as determined by Cosinor analysis; however, the MESOR (midline estimating statistic of rhythm) of Bmal1, Per2, and Clock transcript expression was altered in Iddm and insulin-substituted Iddm rats.
56	23632905	Insulin administration to Iddm rats normalized the enhanced MESOR in the expression of Dbp, RevErbα, and E4bp4 to the levels of normoglycemic controls.
57	23632905	Cosinor analysis indicated no diurnal rhythm of Pparγ expression in the livers of diabetic STZ or Iddm rats or in those of insulin-substituted Iddm rats.
58	23632905	Also, insulin substitution could not reverse the decreased MESOR of Pparγ expression in Iddm rats.
59	23738904	Although the levels of Bmal1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1), Per2 (period 2), and Cry1 (cryptochrome 1) mRNA expression in the liver change during the progress of insulin resistance conditions, the gene expression patterns still show circadian rhythmicity.