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Gene Information
Gene symbol: PPY
Gene name: pancreatic polypeptide
HGNC ID: 9327
Synonyms: PNP
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 62113 | A double immunofluorescence technique, with antisera to pancreatic glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and human pancreatic polypeptide was used to show that 13 of the sera contained anitbodies reacting specifically with glucagon cells, while the other 4 reacted with somatostatin cells. |
| 2 | 73954 | Implanted diced neonatal pancreas in three chambers removed after 6 weeks secreted glucagon, insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide in vitro. |
| 3 | 83463 | Several commercial insulin preparations were found to contain significant quantities of pancreatic glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (P.P.), vasoactive intestinal peptide (V.I.P.), and somatostatin, though these substances were effectively absent from the new highly purified or monocomponent insulins. |
| 4 | 99048 | We studied the morphology of intraportally transplanted islets with the aid of the immunoperoxidase staining technique to identify insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin-, and pancreatic polypeptide-containing cells at 24 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 39 weeks, and 65 weeks after transplant. |
| 5 | 203506 | Regional pancreatic concentration and in-vitro secretion of canine pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon. |
| 6 | 203506 | The regional concentrations and in-vitro secretions of canine pancreatic polypeptide (cPP), insulin, and glucagon were studied. |
| 7 | 203506 | Regional pancreatic concentration and in-vitro secretion of canine pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon. |
| 8 | 203506 | The regional concentrations and in-vitro secretions of canine pancreatic polypeptide (cPP), insulin, and glucagon were studied. |
| 9 | 340309 | In severely diabetic mice, islets presented a reduced proportion of insulin containing cells but increased glucagon-, somatostatin-, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-containing cells, as compared with islets of control (+/+) mice. |
| 10 | 340309 | An inverse change was observed in islets of mildly diabetic mice: islets were hypertrophic and composed mostly of insulin-containing cells, with decreased proportions of glucagon-, somatostatin-, and PP-containing cells. |
| 11 | 394798 | The pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was studied in 18 juvenile diabetics and was calculated as the difference between the prestimulatory PP concentration and the maximal concentration measured. |
| 12 | 397015 | [Effect of secretin intramuscularly injected on pancreatic polypeptide, insulin and glucagon in diabetic patients (author's transl)]. |
| 13 | 694712 | Conventional insulins contain impurities which are immunogenic; these include pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon and somatostatin and intermediates of insulin synthesis co-extracted during purification. |
| 14 | 759245 | The regional concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), insulin, and glucagon and the cellular distribution of PP were studied in 13 human and nine canine pancreases by radioimmunoassay, immunoperoxidase localization, and cell quantitation. |
| 15 | 759249 | Somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide secretion: effects of glucagon, insulin, and arginine. |
| 16 | 759249 | Exogenous glucagon (100 ng/ml) stimulated insulin and somatostatin secretion, which occurred in a biphasic pattern. |
| 17 | 759249 | The insulin response to glucagon was markedly enhanced by increased perfusate glucose, unlike the somatostatin response, which was little affected. |
| 18 | 759249 | The insulin and somatostatin responses were seen between 15 and 45 s after the glucagon stimulus. |
| 19 | 759249 | Biphasic release of glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide was evoked by 10 mM arginine, the responses first being apparent within less than 30 s. |
| 20 | 759249 | Exogenous insulin (50 mU/ml) infused for 10 min had no statistically significant effect on glucagon, somatostatin, or pancreatic polypeptide secretion. |
| 21 | 759249 | Somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide secretion: effects of glucagon, insulin, and arginine. |
| 22 | 759249 | Exogenous glucagon (100 ng/ml) stimulated insulin and somatostatin secretion, which occurred in a biphasic pattern. |
| 23 | 759249 | The insulin response to glucagon was markedly enhanced by increased perfusate glucose, unlike the somatostatin response, which was little affected. |
| 24 | 759249 | The insulin and somatostatin responses were seen between 15 and 45 s after the glucagon stimulus. |
| 25 | 759249 | Biphasic release of glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide was evoked by 10 mM arginine, the responses first being apparent within less than 30 s. |
| 26 | 759249 | Exogenous insulin (50 mU/ml) infused for 10 min had no statistically significant effect on glucagon, somatostatin, or pancreatic polypeptide secretion. |
| 27 | 759249 | Somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide secretion: effects of glucagon, insulin, and arginine. |
| 28 | 759249 | Exogenous glucagon (100 ng/ml) stimulated insulin and somatostatin secretion, which occurred in a biphasic pattern. |
| 29 | 759249 | The insulin response to glucagon was markedly enhanced by increased perfusate glucose, unlike the somatostatin response, which was little affected. |
| 30 | 759249 | The insulin and somatostatin responses were seen between 15 and 45 s after the glucagon stimulus. |
| 31 | 759249 | Biphasic release of glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide was evoked by 10 mM arginine, the responses first being apparent within less than 30 s. |
| 32 | 759249 | Exogenous insulin (50 mU/ml) infused for 10 min had no statistically significant effect on glucagon, somatostatin, or pancreatic polypeptide secretion. |
| 33 | 826063 | The presence of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and delete pancreatic polypeptide positive cells in the islets of normal rat pancreas has been confirmed. |
| 34 | 1285360 | The changes in plasma gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), arginine vasopressin (AVP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), galanin, ACTH, cortisol, delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP), adrenaline, noradrenaline and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were measured after 5 and 15 minutes of acute insulin-induced moderate hypoglycaemia (2.0 mmol/l) in 10 patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus with no autonomic neuropathy and in 10 healthy subjects. |
| 35 | 1285360 | No group differences or changes in mean plasma concentrations were found for galanin, DSIP and CRH. |
| 36 | 1326785 | Islet amyloid polypeptide-producing pancreatic islet cell tumor. |
| 37 | 1326785 | The release of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) was totally absent after an oral glucose load and a mixed meal, respectively. |
| 38 | 1348382 | In addition to glucose levels in the peripheral venous blood, levels of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide were determined. |
| 39 | 1488514 | Controlled clinical trials have shown the therapeutic usefulness of Acarbose in the treatment of mon-insulin dependent as well as insulin dependent Diabetes, specially in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. |
| 40 | 1488514 | Before each of the meals 100 mg of Acarbose (or placebo, following a randomized distribution) were administered, and blood samples were drawn-10, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes, in which glucose levels, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon were determined. |
| 41 | 1553183 | Glucose, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to polycose during pregnancy. |
| 42 | 1553183 | In the pregnant subjects, even though the plasma insulin response to carbohydrate challenge was higher than in the nonpregnant subjects, gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels were significantly lower. |
| 43 | 1592883 | Transthyretin (prealbumin) in the pancreas and sera of newly diagnosed type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. |
| 44 | 1592883 | On the contrary, insulin-positive B-cells, which normally show uneven and weak TTR immunoreactivity, decreased in number, and only a few residual B-cells showed faint immunoreactivity. |
| 45 | 1592883 | Neither somatostatin cells nor pancreatic polypeptide cells were positive for TTR. |
| 46 | 1647994 | Immunocytochemical staining of passage 18 cells showed most contained insulin, with less than 5% containing glucagon, and none containing pancreatic polypeptide or somatostatin. |
| 47 | 1647994 | Northern-blot analysis confirmed high levels of insulin mRNA but only trace glucagon mRNA and undetectable somatostatin mRNA. |
| 48 | 1647994 | Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced MHC class I RNA expression was correlated with markedly increased antigen expression at the cell surface. |
| 49 | 1647994 | Similarly, a MHC-linked "occult" class I-like antigen detected by Cr release assay only after exposure of standard NOD/Lt islet cells to IFN-gamma was strongly induced by IFN-gamma in NIT-1 cells. |
| 50 | 1647994 | Cell surface MHC class II antigen was not constitutively expressed on NIT-1 cells and could not be detected after IFN-gamma incubation, despite demonstration of IFN-gamma-induced Aa, Ab, and Li invariant-chain RNA transcripts. |
| 51 | 1647994 | Similarly IFN-gamma induction of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (Icam-1) transcripts was not accompanied by demonstrable cell surface expression of ICAM-1 antigen. |
| 52 | 1677226 | Hyperplasia of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactive cells in dogs with idiopathic atrophy of the exocrine pancreas. |
| 53 | 1677226 | Cells producing insulin (B), glucagon (A), somatostatin (D), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were identified using specific antisera and the ABC technique. |
| 54 | 1677226 | Hyperplasia of somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactive cells in dogs with idiopathic atrophy of the exocrine pancreas. |
| 55 | 1677226 | Cells producing insulin (B), glucagon (A), somatostatin (D), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were identified using specific antisera and the ABC technique. |
| 56 | 1683622 | Effects of cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, CCK-33, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) on basal and meal-stimulated pancreatic hormone secretion in man. |
| 57 | 1683622 | Gastrointestinal hormones with insulinotropic effects, like cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) might tentatively be used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 58 | 1683622 | We therefore examined the effects of intravenous injection of pharmacological dose levels of CCK-8 (100 and 300 pmol/kg), CCK-33 (100 pmol/kg), GIP (100 pmol/kg), and CCK-8 plus GIP (100 pmol/kg of each) on plasma levels of glucose, insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in healthy human volunteers. |
| 59 | 1683622 | CCK-8, CCK-33, and GIP were all found to increase the basal plasma levels of insulin, somatostatin, and PP; the increases were observed already in samples taken at 2 min after the injection. |
| 60 | 1683622 | CCK-8, CCK-33, and GIP (100 pmol/kg) all potentiated the meal-induced plasma responses of insulin and PP, whereas plasma levels of glucagon after the meal were not affected. |
| 61 | 1683622 | Plasma somatostatin levels after the meal were increased by GIP but not affected by CCK-8 or CCK-33. |
| 62 | 1683622 | CCK-8 and GIP together (100 pmol/kg for both) increased plasma levels of insulin, PP and somatostatin as much as each of the peptides given alone, both under basal conditions and after the meal intake. |
| 63 | 1683622 | We conclude that in man, both CCK-8, CCK-33, and GIP moderately stimulate basal and meal related insulin release without any synergistic effects and that the peptides do not inhibit the secretion of glucagon. |
| 64 | 1727784 | The postprandial increase in pancreatic polypeptide level was blunted compared with accepted normal values but was more pronounced during motilin infusion, i.e., 650 +/- 217 vs. 279 +/- 66 pg/mL (P less than 0.01), probably because of the improved emptying. |
| 65 | 1782606 | The insulin response from the isolated perfused pancreas to glucose and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), was reduced by 95%. |
| 66 | 1782606 | Islet content of other endocrine peptides, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, was normal at onset and at 2 weeks post onset. |
| 67 | 1786955 | The average contents of proinsulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in highly purified insulin (HP-I) produced by us are 76.0, 2.11 and 0.11 ppm respectively. |
| 68 | 1786955 | The antibodies to insulin, proinsulin and pancreatic polypeptide in serum were examined in 24 diabetic patients treated with HP-I for more than 6 months. |
| 69 | 1786955 | The average contents of proinsulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in highly purified insulin (HP-I) produced by us are 76.0, 2.11 and 0.11 ppm respectively. |
| 70 | 1786955 | The antibodies to insulin, proinsulin and pancreatic polypeptide in serum were examined in 24 diabetic patients treated with HP-I for more than 6 months. |
| 71 | 1817817 | Blood glucose, gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide were evaluated before and up to 200 min after the test meal. |
| 72 | 1876601 | Inhibitory action of islet amyloid polypeptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide on release of insulin from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. |
| 73 | 1876601 | The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IAPP and CGRP on glucose- and carbachol-stimulated release of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. |
| 74 | 1876601 | At the same concentration, however, IAPP significantly (p less than 0.05) inhibited carbachol-stimulated (10(-7) M) release of insulin by 30%, and CGRP significantly inhibited carbachol-stimulated release of insulin by 33% when compared with the control group. |
| 75 | 1876601 | IAPP and CGRP, at 10(-8) M, did not inhibit carbachol-stimulated release of insulin and PP. |
| 76 | 1936697 | It has been established that successful pancreas transplantation in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients results in normal but exaggerated phasic glucose-induced insulin secretion, normal intravenous glucose disappearance rates, improved glucose recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, improved glucagon secretion during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, but no alterations in pancreatic polypeptide responses to hypoglycaemia. |
| 77 | 1936698 | Consequently glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to oral glucose and i.v. arginine were measured in 36 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic recipients of pancreas and kidney allografts and compared to ten healthy control subjects. |
| 78 | 1936698 | In addition, stress hormone release (cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin, glucagon, catecholamines) to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was examined in 20 graft recipients and compared to eight healthy subjects. |
| 79 | 1979763 | The circulating noradrenaline levels were higher during the infusion of pork insulin which also yielded a more prominent response of pancreatic polypeptide and, after cessation of the insulin infusion, plasma cortisol was also higher following pork insulin. |
| 80 | 2040384 | To assess potential relationships between unawareness of hypoglycemic symptoms and both defective glucose counterregulation and therapy-associated altered glycemic thresholds, symptoms and hormonal responses to hypoglycemia were quantitated during standardized insulin infusion tests in 41 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). |
| 81 | 2040384 | The glycemic thresholds for both neurogenic and neuroglycopenic symptoms (and those for both epinephrine and pancreatic polypeptide release) were at lower plasma glucose concentrations in both patients with defective (n = 9, 22%) and those with adequate glucose counterregulation and, among the latter, in patients with lower compared with higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels. |
| 82 | 2055340 | Amylin is a 37-amino acid pancreatic polypeptide, probably involved in the pathophysiology of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. |
| 83 | 2078850 | Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of man and rat. |
| 84 | 2078850 | An immunohistochemical study for islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) was made on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas of man and rat, using antisera raised against a synthetic peptide of C-terminal human IAPP (24-37) and a synthetic peptide of rat IAPP (18-37). |
| 85 | 2078850 | An examination was made for evidence of colocalization of IAPP-immunoreactive material with material immunoreactive for gastrin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon, but none was found. |
| 86 | 2078850 | IAPP-immunoreactive cells were also found in the pancreas of non-diabetic and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, but they were completely absent from a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus despite the presence of IAPP in the plasma. |
| 87 | 2108069 | No somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide was detected by immunohistochemical staining in alpha TC1 clones 6 or 9 or beta TC1 cells. |
| 88 | 2108069 | Rat recombinant gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma; 5-250 U/ml) or mouse recombinant interleukin 1 (IL-1; 1-25 U/ml) individually inhibited DNA synthesis in beta TC1 cells after 3 days of treatment. |
| 89 | 2191457 | The effect of pancreatic polypeptide infusion on glucose tolerance and insulin response in longitudinally studied pancreatitis-induced diabetes. |
| 90 | 2198747 | Pancreatic polypeptide secretion after insulin infusion and protein meal in juvenile type 1 diabetic subjects. |
| 91 | 2227272 | All patients had determinations of fasting plasma gastrin, human pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, neurotensin, and somatostatin; 35 had determinations of insulin and gastrin-releasing peptide and 21 had determinations of glucagon. |
| 92 | 2227272 | Motilin was elevated in 29%, human pancreatic polypeptide in 27%, neurotensin in 20%, and gastrin-releasing peptide in 10%, whereas insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin were not elevated in any patient. |
| 93 | 2227272 | Furthermore, no evidence is found to support the conclusions that the detection of the plasma elevation of these peptides is clinically important in assessing MEN-I status, disease extent, or presence of metastatic disease or that elevated levels of motilin, neurotensin, gastrin-releasing peptide, or human pancreatic peptide are associated with any distinct clinical symptoms. |
| 94 | 2227272 | All patients had determinations of fasting plasma gastrin, human pancreatic polypeptide, motilin, neurotensin, and somatostatin; 35 had determinations of insulin and gastrin-releasing peptide and 21 had determinations of glucagon. |
| 95 | 2227272 | Motilin was elevated in 29%, human pancreatic polypeptide in 27%, neurotensin in 20%, and gastrin-releasing peptide in 10%, whereas insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin were not elevated in any patient. |
| 96 | 2227272 | Furthermore, no evidence is found to support the conclusions that the detection of the plasma elevation of these peptides is clinically important in assessing MEN-I status, disease extent, or presence of metastatic disease or that elevated levels of motilin, neurotensin, gastrin-releasing peptide, or human pancreatic peptide are associated with any distinct clinical symptoms. |
| 97 | 2254456 | Consequently, glucose, glucagon, catecholamine, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and to stimulation with arginine and secretin were examined in 38 diabetic pancreas recipients, 54 type I diabetic nonrecipients, and 26 nondiabetic normal control subjects. |
| 98 | 2416604 | The immunohistochemical observation of somatostatin-like and avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in certain cellular elements of diabetic lipodystrophic skin. |
| 99 | 2416604 | Somatostatin-like and avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivities were found to occur within certain cellular elements of the dermis of a patient having diabetic lipodystrophic skin lesions. |
| 100 | 2416604 | The immunohistochemical observation of somatostatin-like and avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in certain cellular elements of diabetic lipodystrophic skin. |
| 101 | 2416604 | Somatostatin-like and avian pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivities were found to occur within certain cellular elements of the dermis of a patient having diabetic lipodystrophic skin lesions. |
| 102 | 2428557 | Effect of ganglionic blockade on endogenous circulating pancreatic polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, neurotensin and noradrenaline in healthy controls and long-term insulin-dependent diabetic patients. |
| 103 | 2428557 | Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neurotensin (NT) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured in eight healthy subjects and 12 long-term insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy, before and after intravenous infusion of the ganglionic blocking agent trimethaphan camsylate, in order to determine the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the baseline values of the substances. |
| 104 | 2428557 | Effect of ganglionic blockade on endogenous circulating pancreatic polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, neurotensin and noradrenaline in healthy controls and long-term insulin-dependent diabetic patients. |
| 105 | 2428557 | Plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neurotensin (NT) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured in eight healthy subjects and 12 long-term insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy, before and after intravenous infusion of the ganglionic blocking agent trimethaphan camsylate, in order to determine the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the baseline values of the substances. |
| 106 | 2446417 | The insulin cells of the diabetic mice were severely degranulated and many of the glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide cells were displaced from the mantle to the core of the islet tissue where the non-insulin cells appeared to lose their continuity. |
| 107 | 2446417 | The volume and numerical percents of the insulin cells were significantly increased whereas those of the glucagon and somatostatin cells were decreased in the KKAy mice. |
| 108 | 2446417 | Pancreatic insulin and somatostatin contents were markedly diminished in the islets of KKAy compared with those of C57BL/6 mice. |
| 109 | 2465985 | Chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus: plasma and gastroduodenal mucosal profiles of regulatory peptides (gastrin, motilin, secretin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, somatostatin, VIP, substance P, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, enteroglucagon, neurotensin). |
| 110 | 2467789 | It reacted with human insulin as well, but did not crossreact with other polypeptide hormones produced in the pancreatic islets such as glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 111 | 2478426 | The effects of meal volume and luminal digestion of carbohydrates on the release of pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) were investigated in eight healthy subjects and in six patients who had non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 112 | 2518343 | When double immunohistochemical staining was used to demonstrate different endocrine cell types (insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide) and S-100 protein immunoreactive cells, the latter proved to be a distinct cell type. |
| 113 | 2518343 | Somatostatin-producing cells and S-100 protein-containing cells were usually also present as two distinct cell populations, but positive staining for both S-100 protein and somatostatin was occasionally observed within the same cells. |
| 114 | 2543548 | Degradation of 125I-glucagon, -pancreatic polypeptide and -insulin by acid saline extract of rat submaxillary gland and their protection by proteinase inhibitors. |
| 115 | 2543548 | In order to study the degradation of other 125I-peptides by ASE and the effects of their inhibitors, 125I-pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and 125I-insulin were used together with 125I-glucagon. |
| 116 | 2543548 | Degradation of 125I-glucagon, -pancreatic polypeptide and -insulin by acid saline extract of rat submaxillary gland and their protection by proteinase inhibitors. |
| 117 | 2543548 | In order to study the degradation of other 125I-peptides by ASE and the effects of their inhibitors, 125I-pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and 125I-insulin were used together with 125I-glucagon. |
| 118 | 2543553 | This subgroup also showed lower fasting values of pancreatic polypeptide and motilin were recorded for the obese patients after the fibre-rich period compared to before the study. |
| 119 | 2543553 | Investigations with reference to an entero-hormonal mechanism by measuring neurotensin and peptide YY did not show any variations between the diet periods. |
| 120 | 2571619 | Serum or plasma samples were also tested for calcium, PTH, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, CG alpha, and PRL. |
| 121 | 2571619 | Plasma Chr-A correlated with log serum gastrin (r = 0.43; P = 0.003) and plasma PTH (r = 0.52; P less than 0.05) only in FMEN1. |
| 122 | 2576774 | Immunohistochemical, morphometric, and ultrastructural investigations of the early development of insulin, somatostatin, glucagon, and PP cells in foetal human pancreas. |
| 123 | 2576774 | Fresh autopsy specimens of pancreas, taken from 18 human foetuses at the 10th (n = 4), 12th (n = 7), and 14th (n = 7) weeks of gestation, were analyzed immunohistochemically for the presence of islet parenchymal cells, immunoreactive with antisera raised against insulin (B cells), somatostatin (D cells), glucagon (A cells), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP cells). |
| 124 | 2642436 | The responses (in terms of change of area under the curve) of epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and pancreatic polypeptide when brain glycemia was controlled during insulin infusion were only 14 +/- 6, 39 +/- 12, 17 +/- 8, and 9 +/- 4%, respectively, of those present during insulin infusion without concomitant brain glucose infusion (all P less than .05). |
| 125 | 2642831 | Crossover study on effects of duct obliteration, celiac denervation, and autotransplantation on glucose- and meal-stimulated insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide levels. |
| 126 | 2665407 | On entry and after 3, 6 and 12 months of follow-up, serum insulin-, pancreatic polypeptide- and proinsulin-binding IgGs were determined by radioimmunoelectrophoresis according to the method of Christiansen. |
| 127 | 2670104 | Slides were stained for insulin(B), glucagon(A), somatostatin(D), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) producing cells using immunocytochemistry. |
| 128 | 2670640 | Fasting, postprandial, and intravenous glucose-stimulated glucose, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and cholecystokinin (CCK) and intravenous bombesin-stimulated PP levels were studied in beagles at three successive intervals in a crossover design. |
| 129 | 2670640 | Fasting hormone and postprandial insulin, glucagon, and CCK levels were not affected. |
| 130 | 2677442 | [Correlation between gastric emptying time and both plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide in streptozotocin diabetic dogs]. |
| 131 | 2677442 | Correlation between gastric emptying time and both plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels after meal was studied in 9 normal and 5 streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic dogs. |
| 132 | 2677442 | Infusion of insulin did not affect plasma levels of acetaminophen and gastrin, while it produced a dose-dependent suppression of postprandial PP rise in STZ diabetic dogs. |
| 133 | 2677442 | [Correlation between gastric emptying time and both plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide in streptozotocin diabetic dogs]. |
| 134 | 2677442 | Correlation between gastric emptying time and both plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels after meal was studied in 9 normal and 5 streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic dogs. |
| 135 | 2677442 | Infusion of insulin did not affect plasma levels of acetaminophen and gastrin, while it produced a dose-dependent suppression of postprandial PP rise in STZ diabetic dogs. |
| 136 | 2680369 | During RIA, this Ab did not cross-react with glucagon, somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 137 | 2861127 | The present study was designed to compare, in lean and obese nondiabetic subjects, basal and postprandial levels of peripheral venous plasma insulin, glucagon, gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucose, triglycerides, and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) during the infusion of synthetic somatostatin-14 or saline. |
| 138 | 2861127 | During the infusion of saline, basal peripheral vein levels of insulin, gastrin, and triglycerides were elevated in obese subjects, whereas basal plasma SLI levels were significantly lower compared with the lean controls. |
| 139 | 2861127 | After the ingestion of the meal, augmented concentrations of insulin and gastrin were observed in the obese subjects, whereas postprandial SLI and PP levels were reduced. |
| 140 | 2861127 | During the infusion of somatostatin, only basal insulin levels were significantly lower in the obese subjects, whereas no change of any basal hormone level was observed in the lean group. |
| 141 | 2865093 | Reduced postprandial hyperglycemia after subcutaneous injection of a somatostatin-analogue (SMS 201-995) in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 142 | 2865093 | The effect of a new octapeptide analogue of somatostatin (SMS 201-995) on blood glucose and gut hormone levels was studied in 10 C-peptide-negative, insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) subjects. |
| 143 | 2865093 | SMS abolished completely the postprandial increase in plasma gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations. |
| 144 | 2868708 | Ontogeny of cells containing insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide hormone and somatostatin in the bovine pancreas. |
| 145 | 2868708 | Antibodies to insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide hormone (PP) and somatostatin were used in the immunofluorescence histochemical procedure to study the ontogeny of pancreatic endocrine cells containing the four hormones in the bovine fetus of approximately 100 days gestation to term. |
| 146 | 2868708 | Immunoreactive cells staining for insulin, glucagon, PP and somatostatin were present in the pancreas of all fetuses studied. |
| 147 | 2868708 | Ontogeny of cells containing insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide hormone and somatostatin in the bovine pancreas. |
| 148 | 2868708 | Antibodies to insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide hormone (PP) and somatostatin were used in the immunofluorescence histochemical procedure to study the ontogeny of pancreatic endocrine cells containing the four hormones in the bovine fetus of approximately 100 days gestation to term. |
| 149 | 2868708 | Immunoreactive cells staining for insulin, glucagon, PP and somatostatin were present in the pancreas of all fetuses studied. |
| 150 | 2869995 | Modulatory effect of glucose, amino acids, and secretin on CCK-8-induced somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide release in dogs. |
| 151 | 2869995 | Protein- and fat-rich test meals elicit a strong stimulatory effect on postprandial somatostatin (SLI) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release, whereas carbohydrate-rich meals rather attenuate the response of both hormones. |
| 152 | 2869995 | Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels rose 200-300 pg/ml during CCK plus saline. |
| 153 | 2869995 | Modulatory effect of glucose, amino acids, and secretin on CCK-8-induced somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide release in dogs. |
| 154 | 2869995 | Protein- and fat-rich test meals elicit a strong stimulatory effect on postprandial somatostatin (SLI) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release, whereas carbohydrate-rich meals rather attenuate the response of both hormones. |
| 155 | 2869995 | Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels rose 200-300 pg/ml during CCK plus saline. |
| 156 | 2869995 | Modulatory effect of glucose, amino acids, and secretin on CCK-8-induced somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide release in dogs. |
| 157 | 2869995 | Protein- and fat-rich test meals elicit a strong stimulatory effect on postprandial somatostatin (SLI) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release, whereas carbohydrate-rich meals rather attenuate the response of both hormones. |
| 158 | 2869995 | Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels rose 200-300 pg/ml during CCK plus saline. |
| 159 | 2872983 | All subjects in Group 1 had antibodies to insulin, 11 had antibodies to pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and 3 to glucagon. |
| 160 | 2876509 | SMS 201-995 (5-100 micrograms) injected subcutaneously in normal and type-2 diabetic subjects 30 min before a test meal caused dose-related suppression of plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, and several regulatory gut peptide hormones (gastrin, gastric inhibitory peptide, pancreatic polypeptide, secretin, neurotensin, and motilin). |
| 161 | 2881482 | Effects of soy polysaccharide on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and triglyceride in obese diabetic patients. |
| 162 | 2881482 | Postprandial concentrations of plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin were measured to explore the mechanism of action. |
| 163 | 2881482 | Addition of soy polysaccharide had no effect on plasma insulin levels but appeared (p greater than 0.05) to lessen postprandial increases in glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide levels while it raised somatostatin levels. |
| 164 | 2881482 | The changes in plasma glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin levels may have been instrumental in the observed postprandial glucose and triglyceride effects. |
| 165 | 2881482 | Effects of soy polysaccharide on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and triglyceride in obese diabetic patients. |
| 166 | 2881482 | Postprandial concentrations of plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin were measured to explore the mechanism of action. |
| 167 | 2881482 | Addition of soy polysaccharide had no effect on plasma insulin levels but appeared (p greater than 0.05) to lessen postprandial increases in glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide levels while it raised somatostatin levels. |
| 168 | 2881482 | The changes in plasma glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin levels may have been instrumental in the observed postprandial glucose and triglyceride effects. |
| 169 | 2881482 | Effects of soy polysaccharide on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and triglyceride in obese diabetic patients. |
| 170 | 2881482 | Postprandial concentrations of plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin were measured to explore the mechanism of action. |
| 171 | 2881482 | Addition of soy polysaccharide had no effect on plasma insulin levels but appeared (p greater than 0.05) to lessen postprandial increases in glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide levels while it raised somatostatin levels. |
| 172 | 2881482 | The changes in plasma glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin levels may have been instrumental in the observed postprandial glucose and triglyceride effects. |
| 173 | 2881482 | Effects of soy polysaccharide on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and triglyceride in obese diabetic patients. |
| 174 | 2881482 | Postprandial concentrations of plasma insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin were measured to explore the mechanism of action. |
| 175 | 2881482 | Addition of soy polysaccharide had no effect on plasma insulin levels but appeared (p greater than 0.05) to lessen postprandial increases in glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide levels while it raised somatostatin levels. |
| 176 | 2881482 | The changes in plasma glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin levels may have been instrumental in the observed postprandial glucose and triglyceride effects. |
| 177 | 2899369 | Hormonal responses (glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin) to iv glucagon, iv arginine, and ingestion of a mixed meal were investigated in 6 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis without beta-cell function, in 8 Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics without beta-cell function, and 8 healthy subjects. |
| 178 | 2899369 | In the patients with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis compared with Type I diabetics and normal controls, the pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were significantly lower and somatostatin concentrations were significantly higher after glucagon, arginine and a mixed meal. |
| 179 | 2899369 | Hormonal responses (glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin) to iv glucagon, iv arginine, and ingestion of a mixed meal were investigated in 6 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis without beta-cell function, in 8 Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics without beta-cell function, and 8 healthy subjects. |
| 180 | 2899369 | In the patients with diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis compared with Type I diabetics and normal controls, the pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were significantly lower and somatostatin concentrations were significantly higher after glucagon, arginine and a mixed meal. |
| 181 | 2900755 | [Anti-insulin, proinsulin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and somatostatin antibodies in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated with conventional insulin preparations]. |
| 182 | 2903836 | The embryogenesis of the pancreas suggests the existence of a common stem cell progenitor of the four islet cell types (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide). |
| 183 | 2903836 | By analyses of RNA transcripts and immunoreactive peptides in four human insulinomas and one glucagonoma, we found that the insulin, somatostatin, and glucagon genes were coexpressed in all tumors. |
| 184 | 2916444 | Plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide responses after ingestion of a liquid test meal rich in medium-chain fatty acids in patients with chronic pancreatitis. |
| 185 | 2916444 | Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) responses after ingestion of a liquid test meal rich in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) were studied in patients with chronic pancreatitis with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). |
| 186 | 2916444 | Plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide responses after ingestion of a liquid test meal rich in medium-chain fatty acids in patients with chronic pancreatitis. |
| 187 | 2916444 | Plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) responses after ingestion of a liquid test meal rich in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) were studied in patients with chronic pancreatitis with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). |
| 188 | 2959439 | Guar ingestion reduced postprandial insulin and enteroglucagon responses, the latter significantly so, but had no apparent effect on gastric inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic glucagon, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 189 | 2993084 | Plasma pancreatic polypeptide response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia as a marker for defective glucose counterregulation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 190 | 2993084 | Defective glucose counterregulation occurs in some insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (IDDMs) as a result of a combined deficiency of glucagon (IRG) and epinephrine (EPI) secretion in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. |
| 191 | 2993084 | To determine whether the deficient glucagon response, the deficient epinephrine response, or both are manifestations of autonomic dysfunction, we used the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia as a marker for autonomic neuropathy. |
| 192 | 2993084 | Seven nondiabetic controls and 21 IDDMs were given insulin at 40 mU/kg/h after overnight euglycemia. |
| 193 | 2993084 | Plasma pancreatic polypeptide response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia as a marker for defective glucose counterregulation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 194 | 2993084 | Defective glucose counterregulation occurs in some insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (IDDMs) as a result of a combined deficiency of glucagon (IRG) and epinephrine (EPI) secretion in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. |
| 195 | 2993084 | To determine whether the deficient glucagon response, the deficient epinephrine response, or both are manifestations of autonomic dysfunction, we used the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia as a marker for autonomic neuropathy. |
| 196 | 2993084 | Seven nondiabetic controls and 21 IDDMs were given insulin at 40 mU/kg/h after overnight euglycemia. |
| 197 | 3002934 | Impaired pancreatic polypeptide response to insulin hypoglycemia in obese subjects. |
| 198 | 3002934 | We have studied the effect of insulin hypoglycemia on the secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in 14 obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance and in 6 normal controls. |
| 199 | 3002934 | Impaired pancreatic polypeptide response to insulin hypoglycemia in obese subjects. |
| 200 | 3002934 | We have studied the effect of insulin hypoglycemia on the secretion of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in 14 obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance and in 6 normal controls. |
| 201 | 3041640 | Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) deficiency has been associated with impaired hepatic sensitivity to insulin and pancreatogenic diabetes in chronic pancreatitis. |
| 202 | 3058465 | Changes in plasma glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and insulin during development of alloxan diabetes mellitus in dog. |
| 203 | 3058465 | Changes in canine plasma glucose, immunoreactive glucagon (IRG), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and insulin (IRI) were studied during the acute development of diabetes mellitus after iv alloxan injection. 100 mg or 75 mg/kg body weight of alloxan was injected iv and blood was taken successively till one or two days later. |
| 204 | 3058465 | Changes in plasma glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and insulin during development of alloxan diabetes mellitus in dog. |
| 205 | 3058465 | Changes in canine plasma glucose, immunoreactive glucagon (IRG), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and insulin (IRI) were studied during the acute development of diabetes mellitus after iv alloxan injection. 100 mg or 75 mg/kg body weight of alloxan was injected iv and blood was taken successively till one or two days later. |
| 206 | 3079195 | Canine pancreatic polypeptide complementary deoxyribonucleic acid sequence: pancreatic polypeptide and insulin messenger ribonucleic acid distribution in the lobes of the pancreas. |
| 207 | 3079715 | In the autotransplanted animals, the fasting levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, pancreatic glucagon, insulin, gastric inhibitory peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide were all abnormal. |
| 208 | 3079715 | In the portally infused animals, pyruvate, alanine, gastric inhibitory peptide, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide were abnormal. |
| 209 | 3079715 | In the autotransplanted animals, the fasting levels of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, pancreatic glucagon, insulin, gastric inhibitory peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide were all abnormal. |
| 210 | 3079715 | In the portally infused animals, pyruvate, alanine, gastric inhibitory peptide, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide were abnormal. |
| 211 | 3219968 | Plasma glucose, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and pancreatic polypeptide concentrations were determined every 10 min during a 2-h constant intravenous insulin infusion (40 mU.kg-1.h-1). |
| 212 | 3276206 | Immunolocalization of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in pancreatic beta cells by means of peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and protein A-gold techniques. |
| 213 | 3276206 | A novel putative polypeptide hormone identified as islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) was recently purified from islet amyloid (IA) of diabetic humans and cats, and also from amyloid of a human insulinoma. |
| 214 | 3276206 | In the present investigation, the authors utilized antisera to insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, synthetic human CGRP, and a synthetic human IAPP (7-17) undecapeptide to immunohistochemically (PAP technique) document the presence of IAPP immunoreactive cells in the islets of the cat, dog, mouse, and rat, but not in the islets of the horse or calf. |
| 215 | 3276265 | Subnormal pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia identify patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus predisposed to develop overt autonomic neuropathy. |
| 216 | 3276265 | Sixteen patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with no current evidence of autonomic dysfunction underwent an insulin tolerance test during which plasma pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses were determined. |
| 217 | 3276265 | Diminished pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia can predict the development of overt autonomic neuropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; identification of patients with a predilection to develop autonomic neuropathy may permit earlier treatment. |
| 218 | 3276265 | Subnormal pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia identify patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus predisposed to develop overt autonomic neuropathy. |
| 219 | 3276265 | Sixteen patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with no current evidence of autonomic dysfunction underwent an insulin tolerance test during which plasma pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses were determined. |
| 220 | 3276265 | Diminished pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia can predict the development of overt autonomic neuropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; identification of patients with a predilection to develop autonomic neuropathy may permit earlier treatment. |
| 221 | 3276265 | Subnormal pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia identify patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus predisposed to develop overt autonomic neuropathy. |
| 222 | 3276265 | Sixteen patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with no current evidence of autonomic dysfunction underwent an insulin tolerance test during which plasma pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses were determined. |
| 223 | 3276265 | Diminished pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia can predict the development of overt autonomic neuropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; identification of patients with a predilection to develop autonomic neuropathy may permit earlier treatment. |
| 224 | 3297833 | Lack of influence of residual beta-cell function on the glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide secretion in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. |
| 225 | 3301157 | An insulin-producing cell line, Clone-16, of hamster origin, was characterized for islet hormone production and for reactivity with islet cell surface (ICSA) and islet cell cytoplasmic (ICA) antibodies in sera from children with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM). |
| 226 | 3301157 | The cells produced 63 +/- 3 ng (mean +/- SD) immunoreactive insulin and 9.4 +/- 0.3 ng immunoreactive glucagon per day per 10(6) cells, while somatostatin (SRIF) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were undetectable. |
| 227 | 3501746 | Impaired pancreatic polypeptide response to hCRF in type 2 diabetics: restoration to normal by an opioid antagonist. |
| 228 | 3501746 | Administration of synthetic human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF, 2 micrograms/kg body weight) to 6 normal men produced a significant rise in plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. |
| 229 | 3501746 | Impaired pancreatic polypeptide response to hCRF in type 2 diabetics: restoration to normal by an opioid antagonist. |
| 230 | 3501746 | Administration of synthetic human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF, 2 micrograms/kg body weight) to 6 normal men produced a significant rise in plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. |
| 231 | 3549531 | [Determination of insulin, porcine proinsulin and pancreatic polypeptide antibodies in human serum by radioimmunoassay]. |
| 232 | 3552822 | Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide cells were quantified after immunoperoxidase staining in sections of pancreases obtained from nine control subjects and seven diabetic patients with primary or secondary iron overload. |
| 233 | 3552824 | Double staining with anti-insulin, glucagon, somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide antibodies revealed that I-A positive cells corresponded with insulin cells, while other types of pancreatic islet cells were virtually negative for I-A. |
| 234 | 3595434 | Blood samples were collected between 0 and 240 min post-prandially and assayed for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and gastrin. |
| 235 | 3595966 | In order to investigate the endocrine pancreatic dysfunction resulting from iron overload, plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to a protein-rich meal was studied in 10 healthy controls and 30 insulin-dependent (type I) diabetic patients: ten with idiopathic haemochromatosis (IH), ten with chronic pancreatitis and ten with idiopathic type I diabetes. |
| 236 | 3700976 | A protein-rich meal and insulin-induced hypoglycemia (ITT) are two of the most important stimuli on pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion in diabetic patients. |
| 237 | 3818892 | The significance of impaired pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 238 | 3818892 | The impaired epinephrine and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia often found in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may be due to autonomic neuropathy. |
| 239 | 3818892 | Since the pancreatic polypeptide response to hypoglycemia is mediated by cholinergic mechanisms, we used this response as an indicator of autonomic neuropathy to determine whether deficient epinephrine and glucagon responses in IDDM could be ascribed to an autonomic defect. |
| 240 | 3818892 | The relationships between pancreatic polypeptide, epinephrine, and glucagon responses during insulin-induced hypoglycemia were assessed in 18 patients with IDDM who had no overt evidence of autonomic neuropathy, including normal standard cardiovascular reflex tests, and 11 age-matched nondiabetic subjects. |
| 241 | 3818892 | Thus, the responses of plasma pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine to insulin-induced hypoglycemia may be a useful test for the identification of early autonomic neuropathy in IDDM. |
| 242 | 3818892 | The significance of impaired pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 243 | 3818892 | The impaired epinephrine and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia often found in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may be due to autonomic neuropathy. |
| 244 | 3818892 | Since the pancreatic polypeptide response to hypoglycemia is mediated by cholinergic mechanisms, we used this response as an indicator of autonomic neuropathy to determine whether deficient epinephrine and glucagon responses in IDDM could be ascribed to an autonomic defect. |
| 245 | 3818892 | The relationships between pancreatic polypeptide, epinephrine, and glucagon responses during insulin-induced hypoglycemia were assessed in 18 patients with IDDM who had no overt evidence of autonomic neuropathy, including normal standard cardiovascular reflex tests, and 11 age-matched nondiabetic subjects. |
| 246 | 3818892 | Thus, the responses of plasma pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine to insulin-induced hypoglycemia may be a useful test for the identification of early autonomic neuropathy in IDDM. |
| 247 | 3818892 | The significance of impaired pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 248 | 3818892 | The impaired epinephrine and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia often found in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may be due to autonomic neuropathy. |
| 249 | 3818892 | Since the pancreatic polypeptide response to hypoglycemia is mediated by cholinergic mechanisms, we used this response as an indicator of autonomic neuropathy to determine whether deficient epinephrine and glucagon responses in IDDM could be ascribed to an autonomic defect. |
| 250 | 3818892 | The relationships between pancreatic polypeptide, epinephrine, and glucagon responses during insulin-induced hypoglycemia were assessed in 18 patients with IDDM who had no overt evidence of autonomic neuropathy, including normal standard cardiovascular reflex tests, and 11 age-matched nondiabetic subjects. |
| 251 | 3818892 | Thus, the responses of plasma pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine to insulin-induced hypoglycemia may be a useful test for the identification of early autonomic neuropathy in IDDM. |
| 252 | 3818892 | The significance of impaired pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 253 | 3818892 | The impaired epinephrine and glucagon responses to hypoglycemia often found in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may be due to autonomic neuropathy. |
| 254 | 3818892 | Since the pancreatic polypeptide response to hypoglycemia is mediated by cholinergic mechanisms, we used this response as an indicator of autonomic neuropathy to determine whether deficient epinephrine and glucagon responses in IDDM could be ascribed to an autonomic defect. |
| 255 | 3818892 | The relationships between pancreatic polypeptide, epinephrine, and glucagon responses during insulin-induced hypoglycemia were assessed in 18 patients with IDDM who had no overt evidence of autonomic neuropathy, including normal standard cardiovascular reflex tests, and 11 age-matched nondiabetic subjects. |
| 256 | 3818892 | Thus, the responses of plasma pancreatic polypeptide and epinephrine to insulin-induced hypoglycemia may be a useful test for the identification of early autonomic neuropathy in IDDM. |
| 257 | 3890139 | Effects of intravenously infused porcine GIP on serum insulin, plasma C-peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the fasting state. |
| 258 | 3890139 | Eight fasting patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) and six healthy controls were given an intravenous infusion of porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). |
| 259 | 3890139 | During the GIP infusion mean plasma pancreatic polypeptide level increased significantly in both groups, whereas the mean serum insulin level increased in the NIDD group only, indicating a more important role for GIP in these patients than in healthy subjects. |
| 260 | 3890139 | Effects of intravenously infused porcine GIP on serum insulin, plasma C-peptide, and pancreatic polypeptide in non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the fasting state. |
| 261 | 3890139 | Eight fasting patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) and six healthy controls were given an intravenous infusion of porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). |
| 262 | 3890139 | During the GIP infusion mean plasma pancreatic polypeptide level increased significantly in both groups, whereas the mean serum insulin level increased in the NIDD group only, indicating a more important role for GIP in these patients than in healthy subjects. |
| 263 | 3905185 | In 43 patients the insulin antibody response was correlated with HLA A, B, and DR antigens. |
| 264 | 3905185 | Formation of antibodies to proinsulin and pancreatic polypeptide proved completely avoidable, and no local reactions at the injection sites were observed. |
| 265 | 3946744 | Chronic pancreatitis, induced in dogs by pancreatic duct ligation, is associated with glucose intolerance due to insulin deficiency, reduced hepatic sensitivity to insulin, and a marked deficiency of pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 266 | 3946744 | Treatment with a 14 day continuous subcutaneous infusion of pancreatic polypeptide resulted in improved oral glucose tolerance and improved hepatic glucose responses to insulin in dogs with chronic pancreatitis. |
| 267 | 3946744 | We conclude that pancreatic polypeptide may function physiologically to enhance the hepatic glucose response to insulin and that alterations in glucose metabolism seen in chronic pancreatitis may be due, in part, to a deficiency in pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 268 | 3946744 | Since treatment with continuous subcutaneous infusion of pancreatic polypeptide restored the hepatic response to insulin and oral glucose tolerance to more normal levels in our animal model, administration of pancreatic polypeptide may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of certain forms of pancreatogenic diabetes. |
| 269 | 3946744 | Chronic pancreatitis, induced in dogs by pancreatic duct ligation, is associated with glucose intolerance due to insulin deficiency, reduced hepatic sensitivity to insulin, and a marked deficiency of pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 270 | 3946744 | Treatment with a 14 day continuous subcutaneous infusion of pancreatic polypeptide resulted in improved oral glucose tolerance and improved hepatic glucose responses to insulin in dogs with chronic pancreatitis. |
| 271 | 3946744 | We conclude that pancreatic polypeptide may function physiologically to enhance the hepatic glucose response to insulin and that alterations in glucose metabolism seen in chronic pancreatitis may be due, in part, to a deficiency in pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 272 | 3946744 | Since treatment with continuous subcutaneous infusion of pancreatic polypeptide restored the hepatic response to insulin and oral glucose tolerance to more normal levels in our animal model, administration of pancreatic polypeptide may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of certain forms of pancreatogenic diabetes. |
| 273 | 3946744 | Chronic pancreatitis, induced in dogs by pancreatic duct ligation, is associated with glucose intolerance due to insulin deficiency, reduced hepatic sensitivity to insulin, and a marked deficiency of pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 274 | 3946744 | Treatment with a 14 day continuous subcutaneous infusion of pancreatic polypeptide resulted in improved oral glucose tolerance and improved hepatic glucose responses to insulin in dogs with chronic pancreatitis. |
| 275 | 3946744 | We conclude that pancreatic polypeptide may function physiologically to enhance the hepatic glucose response to insulin and that alterations in glucose metabolism seen in chronic pancreatitis may be due, in part, to a deficiency in pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 276 | 3946744 | Since treatment with continuous subcutaneous infusion of pancreatic polypeptide restored the hepatic response to insulin and oral glucose tolerance to more normal levels in our animal model, administration of pancreatic polypeptide may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of certain forms of pancreatogenic diabetes. |
| 277 | 3946744 | Chronic pancreatitis, induced in dogs by pancreatic duct ligation, is associated with glucose intolerance due to insulin deficiency, reduced hepatic sensitivity to insulin, and a marked deficiency of pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 278 | 3946744 | Treatment with a 14 day continuous subcutaneous infusion of pancreatic polypeptide resulted in improved oral glucose tolerance and improved hepatic glucose responses to insulin in dogs with chronic pancreatitis. |
| 279 | 3946744 | We conclude that pancreatic polypeptide may function physiologically to enhance the hepatic glucose response to insulin and that alterations in glucose metabolism seen in chronic pancreatitis may be due, in part, to a deficiency in pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 280 | 3946744 | Since treatment with continuous subcutaneous infusion of pancreatic polypeptide restored the hepatic response to insulin and oral glucose tolerance to more normal levels in our animal model, administration of pancreatic polypeptide may play a therapeutic role in the treatment of certain forms of pancreatogenic diabetes. |
| 281 | 3959905 | Six normal subjects and 16 insulin-dependent diabetics with varying degrees of autonomic damage each had blood sampled for norepinephrine and pancreatic polypeptide for fifteen minutes after a mixed meal and intravenous (IV) edrophonium (Tensilon). |
| 282 | 4042801 | Pancreatic polypeptide: a marker for lean non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? |
| 283 | 4042801 | Both basal and postprandial pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were exaggerated twofold in lean NIDDM patients, whereas they were normal in lean IDDM and obese NIDDM patients who were hyperglycemic as a result of partial insulin withdrawal. |
| 284 | 4042801 | Pancreatic polypeptide: a marker for lean non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? |
| 285 | 4042801 | Both basal and postprandial pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations were exaggerated twofold in lean NIDDM patients, whereas they were normal in lean IDDM and obese NIDDM patients who were hyperglycemic as a result of partial insulin withdrawal. |
| 286 | 6100886 | Although the histologic structure of the tumor was indistinguishable from that of most islet cell tumors of adults, immunofluorescence revealed that the four islet cell hormones (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide) were all present in the tumor. |
| 287 | 6106057 | The endocrine pancreas of birds contains 3 islet types and releases glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP). |
| 288 | 6110602 | Pancreatic specimens from 34 infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) and 32 control infants of gestational ages 26-44 wk were examined histologically using immunocytochemical stains for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). |
| 289 | 6112233 | Antibodies to insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, and somatostatin in insulin-treated diabetics. |
| 290 | 6112233 | Connaught insulins contained 62 +/- 10 ng pancreatic polypeptide (PP)/100 U insulin, 11 +/- 2 ng glucagon/100 U, and 56 +/- 16 pg somatostatin (SRIF)/100 U. |
| 291 | 6112233 | Antibodies to insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, and somatostatin in insulin-treated diabetics. |
| 292 | 6112233 | Connaught insulins contained 62 +/- 10 ng pancreatic polypeptide (PP)/100 U insulin, 11 +/- 2 ng glucagon/100 U, and 56 +/- 16 pg somatostatin (SRIF)/100 U. |
| 293 | 6120949 | The responses of pancreatic hormones (i.e. glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were investigated in 18 insulin-dependent diabetics without residual beta-cell function and in 6 normal subjects. |
| 294 | 6124374 | For instance, cholecystokinin and human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) may be importantly involved in the regulation of appetite and satiety control and the development of obesity whereas somatostatin, "endorphins", and neurotensin may directly or indirectly modulate islet hormone secretion. |
| 295 | 6130016 | Effects of synthetic human pancreatic polypeptide, synthetic bovine pancreatic polypeptide, and the C-terminal hexapeptide on pancreatic somatostatin and glucagon secretion in the rat. |
| 296 | 6130016 | Synthetic human pancreatic polypeptide stimulated pancreatic somatostatin secretion by isolated rat islets and by the isolated perfused rat pancreas. |
| 297 | 6130016 | In contrast, synthetic bovine pancreatic polypeptide and the C-terminal hexapeptide had no effect on somatostatin secretion. |
| 298 | 6130016 | Effects of synthetic human pancreatic polypeptide, synthetic bovine pancreatic polypeptide, and the C-terminal hexapeptide on pancreatic somatostatin and glucagon secretion in the rat. |
| 299 | 6130016 | Synthetic human pancreatic polypeptide stimulated pancreatic somatostatin secretion by isolated rat islets and by the isolated perfused rat pancreas. |
| 300 | 6130016 | In contrast, synthetic bovine pancreatic polypeptide and the C-terminal hexapeptide had no effect on somatostatin secretion. |
| 301 | 6130016 | Effects of synthetic human pancreatic polypeptide, synthetic bovine pancreatic polypeptide, and the C-terminal hexapeptide on pancreatic somatostatin and glucagon secretion in the rat. |
| 302 | 6130016 | Synthetic human pancreatic polypeptide stimulated pancreatic somatostatin secretion by isolated rat islets and by the isolated perfused rat pancreas. |
| 303 | 6130016 | In contrast, synthetic bovine pancreatic polypeptide and the C-terminal hexapeptide had no effect on somatostatin secretion. |
| 304 | 6131002 | The application of immunofluorescence technique with anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, anti-somatostatin, and anti-pancreatic polypeptide (PP) antisera to sections of precisely sampled regions of the human pancreas allowed the quantitative evaluation of the total content of these four endocrine cell populations in 13 nondiabetics, in 2 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM), and in 2 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects (NIDDM) of various age and sex. |
| 305 | 6131002 | In diabetic subjects, the only marked difference as compared with nondiabetics is the reduction of insulin cell volume in IDDM. |
| 306 | 6131002 | The qualitative changes of islet structure accompanying insulin cell reduction in IDDM were not considered in the present study. |
| 307 | 6131849 | The immunofluorescent cell content of the pancreas of 8--40-wk fetuses and of 1.5--5-mo Caucasian infants was quantitatively evaluated using anti-insulin, anti-glicentin, anti-glucagon, anti-somatostatin, and anti-pancreatic polypeptide antisera. |
| 308 | 6131849 | This cell population decreases and disappears in later stages and is replaced by the adult type glucagon/glicentin immunoreactive cell; (2) the pancreatic polypeptide-rich region shows a lower relative endocrine cell content as compared with the glucagon-rich region and its islets appear smaller; (3) in the total pancreas, the relative (volume density) and absolute (microliter) insulin cell content increases regularly with age, while the relative volume of glucagon cells peaks in fetal life (wk 17--20) to decrease in infants, although remaining at higher levels than in adults; the relative and absolute volumes of somatostatin cells are elevated in fetal and infant stages studied where they represent the second most abundant cell type, while pancreatic polypeptide cells appear to least abundant cells during prenatal and infant life. |
| 309 | 6131849 | The immunofluorescent cell content of the pancreas of 8--40-wk fetuses and of 1.5--5-mo Caucasian infants was quantitatively evaluated using anti-insulin, anti-glicentin, anti-glucagon, anti-somatostatin, and anti-pancreatic polypeptide antisera. |
| 310 | 6131849 | This cell population decreases and disappears in later stages and is replaced by the adult type glucagon/glicentin immunoreactive cell; (2) the pancreatic polypeptide-rich region shows a lower relative endocrine cell content as compared with the glucagon-rich region and its islets appear smaller; (3) in the total pancreas, the relative (volume density) and absolute (microliter) insulin cell content increases regularly with age, while the relative volume of glucagon cells peaks in fetal life (wk 17--20) to decrease in infants, although remaining at higher levels than in adults; the relative and absolute volumes of somatostatin cells are elevated in fetal and infant stages studied where they represent the second most abundant cell type, while pancreatic polypeptide cells appear to least abundant cells during prenatal and infant life. |
| 311 | 6133449 | There were a few glucagon-containing cells, but pancreatic polypeptide-labeled and somatostatin-labeled cells were rarely seen. |
| 312 | 6143305 | The present study was designed to determine the effect of naloxone, a specific opiate receptor antagonist, on postprandial levels of insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) and gastrin in response to carbohydrate and fat-rich test meals in a group of 6 healthy volunteers. |
| 313 | 6143305 | The addition of naloxone to a meal consisting of 50 g sucrose dissolved in 200 ml water augmented the rise of plasma insulin levels significantly during the first 30 min after its ingestion and reduced the rise in plasma insulin and pancreatic polypeptide and elevated glucagon levels during the last 30 min of the experimental period. |
| 314 | 6143305 | These data raise the possibility that endogenous opiates participate in the regulation of postprandial insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide release not only in certain disease states as demonstrated recently for insulin secretion in type II diabetes mellitus but endogenous opiates may also be of importance under physiological conditions. |
| 315 | 6143305 | The present study was designed to determine the effect of naloxone, a specific opiate receptor antagonist, on postprandial levels of insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) and gastrin in response to carbohydrate and fat-rich test meals in a group of 6 healthy volunteers. |
| 316 | 6143305 | The addition of naloxone to a meal consisting of 50 g sucrose dissolved in 200 ml water augmented the rise of plasma insulin levels significantly during the first 30 min after its ingestion and reduced the rise in plasma insulin and pancreatic polypeptide and elevated glucagon levels during the last 30 min of the experimental period. |
| 317 | 6143305 | These data raise the possibility that endogenous opiates participate in the regulation of postprandial insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide release not only in certain disease states as demonstrated recently for insulin secretion in type II diabetes mellitus but endogenous opiates may also be of importance under physiological conditions. |
| 318 | 6143305 | The present study was designed to determine the effect of naloxone, a specific opiate receptor antagonist, on postprandial levels of insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) and gastrin in response to carbohydrate and fat-rich test meals in a group of 6 healthy volunteers. |
| 319 | 6143305 | The addition of naloxone to a meal consisting of 50 g sucrose dissolved in 200 ml water augmented the rise of plasma insulin levels significantly during the first 30 min after its ingestion and reduced the rise in plasma insulin and pancreatic polypeptide and elevated glucagon levels during the last 30 min of the experimental period. |
| 320 | 6143305 | These data raise the possibility that endogenous opiates participate in the regulation of postprandial insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide release not only in certain disease states as demonstrated recently for insulin secretion in type II diabetes mellitus but endogenous opiates may also be of importance under physiological conditions. |
| 321 | 6148021 | Peptides reputed to have satiety effects in rats were without effect in Chinese hamsters: cholecystokinin, bombesin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 322 | 6281878 | Acidethanol extraction of the tumor and immunohistochemistry provided evidence of the presence of all four islet hormones, particularly that of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide and to a lesser extent of somatostatin and insulin. |
| 323 | 6311653 | Circulating levels of insulin, proinsulin-like component, glucagon, growth hormone, and pancreatic polypeptide were measured in 12 patients with functioning insulinomas, and the suppressibility of serum insulin by somatostatin and diazoxide was assessed before surgical removal of the tumors. |
| 324 | 6311653 | Based on these findings, we propose a new classification of insulinomas in two groups: group A is characterized morphologically by abundant well-granulated typical B-cells, trabecular arrangement of tumor cells, and uniform insulin immunofluorescence; functionally, these tumors are associated with a moderate elevation of proinsulin-like component and with an almost complete suppressibility of serum insulin by somatostatin and diazoxide. |
| 325 | 6311653 | In contrast, tumors of group B are characterized by scarce well-granulated typical B-cells, a medullary-type histologic structure, and irregular insulin immunofluorescence; functionally these tumors show elevated circulating levels of proinsulin-like component and a marked resistance of insulin secretion to somatostatin and diazoxide inhibition. |
| 326 | 6337179 | Pancreases from insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM), noninsulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM), and nondiabetic subjects were analyzed by stereological and morphometrical methods in order to determine the weight of the lobe rich in pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells in relation to the total weight of the pancreas and the volume density of PP cells in both parts of the gland, those rich and poor in PP cells. |
| 327 | 6339304 | Pancreatic sections from 21 cases of rhesus disease and 20 control newborn infants of 30--40-wk gestational age were stained by the immunoperoxidase method for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). |
| 328 | 6342807 | Twenty weeks after pancreas transplantation, the volume fractions of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide cells in the graft islets did not differ from those of the normal control pancreas. |
| 329 | 6342807 | However, the insulin cell mass was significantly increased, and comprised about 20% of the islet volume, while cells containing pancreatic polypeptide were found only sporadically. |
| 330 | 6342807 | Twenty weeks after pancreas transplantation, the volume fractions of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide cells in the graft islets did not differ from those of the normal control pancreas. |
| 331 | 6342807 | However, the insulin cell mass was significantly increased, and comprised about 20% of the islet volume, while cells containing pancreatic polypeptide were found only sporadically. |
| 332 | 6342858 | Response of pancreatic polypeptide to hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetics with and without residual beta-cell function. |
| 333 | 6342858 | To investigate a possible association between the beta-cells and the cells secreting pancreatic polypeptide (PP), the response of PP to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was investigated in seven insulin-dependent diabetics with and seven without residual beta-cell function, all without signs of autonomic neuropathy. |
| 334 | 6342858 | Response of pancreatic polypeptide to hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetics with and without residual beta-cell function. |
| 335 | 6342858 | To investigate a possible association between the beta-cells and the cells secreting pancreatic polypeptide (PP), the response of PP to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was investigated in seven insulin-dependent diabetics with and seven without residual beta-cell function, all without signs of autonomic neuropathy. |
| 336 | 6343042 | We have investigated the binding of insulin-specific IgE (IgE1) to porcine, bovine, and human insulin (Novo), pancreatic polypeptide, and a-component in serum samples from type I diabetic patients treated with insulin preparations of different purity. |
| 337 | 6347784 | Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide cells were stained by immunoperoxidase techniques and quantitated morphometrically in sections of pancreases obtained from eight control subjects, four Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and eight Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. |
| 338 | 6354816 | An immunoperoxidase procedure with insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide antisera was used to show the persistence of pancreatic endocrine cells. |
| 339 | 6360782 | Pancreases from normal and db/db mice between 3 and 20 weeks of age were stained immunocytochemically for glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and changes in A, D and PP cell volume densities quantified by image analysis. |
| 340 | 6364668 | In this study following a segmental pancreatic autotransplant to the iliac fossa in dogs, a combined analysis of three pancreatic islet hormones, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and glucagon was undertaken by radioimmunoassay of plasma. |
| 341 | 6364672 | Plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs, and their regional levels in the pancreas. |
| 342 | 6364672 | The plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) after administration of beef soup were studied in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs kept in a poor metabolic state for 4 weeks, and their regional levels in the pancreas were determined and compared at the uncinate process, head, body and tail. |
| 343 | 6364672 | Plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs, and their regional levels in the pancreas. |
| 344 | 6364672 | The plasma responses of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) after administration of beef soup were studied in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs kept in a poor metabolic state for 4 weeks, and their regional levels in the pancreas were determined and compared at the uncinate process, head, body and tail. |
| 345 | 6365738 | The pancreases of 17 patients who had cystic fibrosis with and without diabetes mellitus were evaluated at autopsy by routine staining and immunohistochemical methods for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 346 | 6365738 | Young adult diabetic patients with cystic fibrosis have total loss of exocrine pancreas with fat replacement, lack of nesidioblastosis, a qualitative decrease in the number of islets, fibrosis of and amyloid deposits in islets, decreased numbers of insulin-containing cells in each islet, and atrophy of islet cells, probably resulting from progressive ischemia. |
| 347 | 6367143 | Pancreatic polypeptide and insulin contents in diabetic and nondiabetic human pancreas and their relationship to the stability of the fasting serum glucose. |
| 348 | 6367143 | The amounts of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in twenty four autopsied diabetic and nineteen nondiabetic human pancreases were determined and their relationship to the stability of the fasting serum glucose level was investigated. |
| 349 | 6367143 | Pancreatic polypeptide and insulin contents in diabetic and nondiabetic human pancreas and their relationship to the stability of the fasting serum glucose. |
| 350 | 6367143 | The amounts of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in twenty four autopsied diabetic and nineteen nondiabetic human pancreases were determined and their relationship to the stability of the fasting serum glucose level was investigated. |
| 351 | 6369071 | The effect of normal and gestational-diabetic pregnancy on the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) hormone response to lipid ingestion was studied in 17 women, 8 normal and 9 with gestational diabetes, by determination of the plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (gut GLI), insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) following the ingestion of 67 g of triglyceride in late pregnancy and postpartum. |
| 352 | 6383905 | There is heterogeneity within insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and it has been suggested that the presence of the HLA-DR specificities DR3 and DR4 define two subsets of IDDM with clear differences in their immune response to therapeutic insulin. |
| 353 | 6383905 | To test this hypothesis, we have prospectively studies the development of insulin binding antibody (IBA) in 54 subjects with newly diagnosed, classical childhood IDDM, determined seven binding constants of their IBA, and measured the presence or absence of pancreatic polypeptide-binding antibodies after 1 yr of therapy with insulin. |
| 354 | 6383905 | There were no relationships between insulin and pancreatic polypeptide antibodies and the DR3 or DR4 specificities whether these specificities were tested for alone or in combination, comparing the presence and absence of DR3 and DR4 and comparing DR3 with DR4, except that of the 33% of all subjects who developed antibodies binding pancreatic polypeptide by 1 yr, none possessed the DR3 specificity alone (P = 0.018). |
| 355 | 6383905 | Thus, the hypothesis that the HLA-DR3 and -DR4 specificities are major determinants of IBA formation and, therefore, define important subsets of childhood IDDM in terms of immune response to therapeutic insulin is not substantiated by this study. |
| 356 | 6383905 | There is heterogeneity within insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and it has been suggested that the presence of the HLA-DR specificities DR3 and DR4 define two subsets of IDDM with clear differences in their immune response to therapeutic insulin. |
| 357 | 6383905 | To test this hypothesis, we have prospectively studies the development of insulin binding antibody (IBA) in 54 subjects with newly diagnosed, classical childhood IDDM, determined seven binding constants of their IBA, and measured the presence or absence of pancreatic polypeptide-binding antibodies after 1 yr of therapy with insulin. |
| 358 | 6383905 | There were no relationships between insulin and pancreatic polypeptide antibodies and the DR3 or DR4 specificities whether these specificities were tested for alone or in combination, comparing the presence and absence of DR3 and DR4 and comparing DR3 with DR4, except that of the 33% of all subjects who developed antibodies binding pancreatic polypeptide by 1 yr, none possessed the DR3 specificity alone (P = 0.018). |
| 359 | 6383905 | Thus, the hypothesis that the HLA-DR3 and -DR4 specificities are major determinants of IBA formation and, therefore, define important subsets of childhood IDDM in terms of immune response to therapeutic insulin is not substantiated by this study. |
| 360 | 6386555 | Lack of negative feed-back regulation of insulin on the responses of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide to a meal in insulin treated diabetics. |
| 361 | 6386555 | The effect of insulin on the secretion of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide, insulin (as measured by C-peptide), glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide during and after a test meal was examined in seven diabetic patients treated with high insulin doses (mean 1.12 +/- 0.12 IU/kg X 24 h) before and after a reduction of the insulin dose (to 0.62 +/- 0.04 IU/kg X 24 h, p less than 0.02). |
| 362 | 6386555 | While plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher on the higher dose, no significant differences were found in the responses of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide, C-peptide, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide to the two meals. |
| 363 | 6386555 | Lack of negative feed-back regulation of insulin on the responses of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide to a meal in insulin treated diabetics. |
| 364 | 6386555 | The effect of insulin on the secretion of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide, insulin (as measured by C-peptide), glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide during and after a test meal was examined in seven diabetic patients treated with high insulin doses (mean 1.12 +/- 0.12 IU/kg X 24 h) before and after a reduction of the insulin dose (to 0.62 +/- 0.04 IU/kg X 24 h, p less than 0.02). |
| 365 | 6386555 | While plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher on the higher dose, no significant differences were found in the responses of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide, C-peptide, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide to the two meals. |
| 366 | 6386555 | Lack of negative feed-back regulation of insulin on the responses of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide to a meal in insulin treated diabetics. |
| 367 | 6386555 | The effect of insulin on the secretion of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide, insulin (as measured by C-peptide), glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide during and after a test meal was examined in seven diabetic patients treated with high insulin doses (mean 1.12 +/- 0.12 IU/kg X 24 h) before and after a reduction of the insulin dose (to 0.62 +/- 0.04 IU/kg X 24 h, p less than 0.02). |
| 368 | 6386555 | While plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher on the higher dose, no significant differences were found in the responses of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide, C-peptide, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide to the two meals. |
| 369 | 6391745 | Before salicylate treatment, seven Type II diabetics had brisk increases (mean +/- SEM) in circulating adrenaline (time 0 = 50 +/- 7 pg/ml; peak = 1630 +/- 330 pg/ml), noradrenaline (time 0 = 260 +/- 46 pg/ml; peak = 770 +/- 140 pg/ml), glucagon (time 0 = 38 +/- 6 pg/ml; peak = 75 +/- 10 pg/ml) and pancreatic polypeptide (time 0 = 149 +/- 30 pg/ml; peak = 1170 +/- 180 pg/ml) in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. |
| 370 | 6391995 | Quantitative morphometry of the pancreases of five 'maturity-onset' diabetic subjects has demonstrated more amyloid in islets of the head, body and tail (where it was found in a mean 29% of the islets occupying a mean 11% islet area) than in islets of the 'pancreatic-polypeptide-rich' lobule of the head (where amyloid was found in a mean of 3% of the islets occupying a mean of 0.7% islet area, both p less than 0.005). |
| 371 | 6391995 | The non-uniform amyloid distribution may relate to the hormone content of the islet; the head and tail contained significantly more A, B and D-cells than the pancreatic-polypeptide-rich lobule in both non-diabetic subjects (n = 8) and diabetic patients (n = 5; p less than 0.005). |
| 372 | 6391995 | This result is compatible with the previous suggestion that amyloid may be derived from insulin or its precursors. |
| 373 | 6391995 | Quantitative morphometry of the pancreases of five 'maturity-onset' diabetic subjects has demonstrated more amyloid in islets of the head, body and tail (where it was found in a mean 29% of the islets occupying a mean 11% islet area) than in islets of the 'pancreatic-polypeptide-rich' lobule of the head (where amyloid was found in a mean of 3% of the islets occupying a mean of 0.7% islet area, both p less than 0.005). |
| 374 | 6391995 | The non-uniform amyloid distribution may relate to the hormone content of the islet; the head and tail contained significantly more A, B and D-cells than the pancreatic-polypeptide-rich lobule in both non-diabetic subjects (n = 8) and diabetic patients (n = 5; p less than 0.005). |
| 375 | 6391995 | This result is compatible with the previous suggestion that amyloid may be derived from insulin or its precursors. |
| 376 | 6394311 | Plasma responses and pancreatic content of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin in alloxan diabetic and normal dogs and their immunohistological studies. |
| 377 | 6394311 | Responses of plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) after administration of beef soup were studied in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs and their regional content in the pancreas was determined in normal and four or twelve weeks alloxan diabetic dogs. |
| 378 | 6394311 | Plasma responses and pancreatic content of pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon and insulin in alloxan diabetic and normal dogs and their immunohistological studies. |
| 379 | 6394311 | Responses of plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (IRG) and insulin (IRI) after administration of beef soup were studied in normal and alloxan diabetic dogs and their regional content in the pancreas was determined in normal and four or twelve weeks alloxan diabetic dogs. |
| 380 | 6455320 | In addition to the characteristic findings of a decrease in insulin-containing cells and an increase in glucagon- and pancreatic polypeptide-containing cells there was evidence of new islet formation. |
| 381 | 6759221 | In islets of all sizes, the afferent arterioles entered the islet of all sizes, the afferent arterioles entered the islet at discontinuities of the mantle of non-B-(glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide) cells. |
| 382 | 6759227 | Labeling of islets with anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, anti-somatostatin, and anti-human pancreatic polypeptide antibodies showed the avidin binding subset to correspond to islet cells identified by anti-glucagon antibody. |
| 383 | 6759227 | Conversely, avidin reacted with no insulin, somatostatin, or cells containing HPP. |
| 384 | 6759262 | Sera from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) containing islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) were studied for their capacity to lyse cultured rat islet cells. |
| 385 | 6759262 | The uptake of ethidium bromide was used to identify lysed cells and immunofluorescent staining with antisera to insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, or pancreatic polypeptide was used to identify the different islet cell types (B-, A-, D-, and PP-cells, respectively). |
| 386 | 6763560 | Impaired response of human pancreatic polypeptide to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in chronic pancreatitis without diabetes mellitus. |
| 387 | 6763560 | In order to clarify the pancreatic endocrine functions in mild chronic pancreatitis, the response of insulin to oral glucose load and the response of glucagon and human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were investigated in five normal controls and eight patients with chronic pancreatitis but without diabetes mellitus. |
| 388 | 6763560 | Impaired response of human pancreatic polypeptide to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in chronic pancreatitis without diabetes mellitus. |
| 389 | 6763560 | In order to clarify the pancreatic endocrine functions in mild chronic pancreatitis, the response of insulin to oral glucose load and the response of glucagon and human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia were investigated in five normal controls and eight patients with chronic pancreatitis but without diabetes mellitus. |
| 390 | 6986312 | Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactivities were also seen in very early stages of the transplant development within the monolayered ducts. |
| 391 | 6987118 | Effects of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide on gastric somatostatin release. |
| 392 | 6987118 | Effects of arginine and such pancreatic hormones as insulin and pancreatic polypeptide on gastric somatostatin release from the isolated perfused rat stomach were studied. |
| 393 | 6987118 | Both insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8) M) caused a significant decrease in gastric somatostatin secretion. |
| 394 | 6987118 | Insulin (10(-10) M), furthermore, inhibited the glucagon (5 x 10(-8) M)-induced somatostatin response. |
| 395 | 6987118 | Effects of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide on gastric somatostatin release. |
| 396 | 6987118 | Effects of arginine and such pancreatic hormones as insulin and pancreatic polypeptide on gastric somatostatin release from the isolated perfused rat stomach were studied. |
| 397 | 6987118 | Both insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8) M) caused a significant decrease in gastric somatostatin secretion. |
| 398 | 6987118 | Insulin (10(-10) M), furthermore, inhibited the glucagon (5 x 10(-8) M)-induced somatostatin response. |
| 399 | 6987118 | Effects of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide on gastric somatostatin release. |
| 400 | 6987118 | Effects of arginine and such pancreatic hormones as insulin and pancreatic polypeptide on gastric somatostatin release from the isolated perfused rat stomach were studied. |
| 401 | 6987118 | Both insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8) M) caused a significant decrease in gastric somatostatin secretion. |
| 402 | 6987118 | Insulin (10(-10) M), furthermore, inhibited the glucagon (5 x 10(-8) M)-induced somatostatin response. |
| 403 | 6987250 | Impaired pancreatic polypeptide responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. |
| 404 | 6988274 | All showed antibody binding of insulin, 29 binding of proinsulin, 29 binding of pancreatic polypeptide, two binding of glucagon but none of the sera bound vasoactive intestinal peptide or somatostatin. |
| 405 | 6988274 | The amounts of proinsulin and contaminating hormones in highly purified pork insulin are so low that they are not immunogenic; conventional beef insulin not only contains immunogenic amounts of proinsulin and the contaminating hormones pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon but also is more immunogenic than purified pork insulin. |
| 406 | 6988274 | All showed antibody binding of insulin, 29 binding of proinsulin, 29 binding of pancreatic polypeptide, two binding of glucagon but none of the sera bound vasoactive intestinal peptide or somatostatin. |
| 407 | 6988274 | The amounts of proinsulin and contaminating hormones in highly purified pork insulin are so low that they are not immunogenic; conventional beef insulin not only contains immunogenic amounts of proinsulin and the contaminating hormones pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon but also is more immunogenic than purified pork insulin. |
| 408 | 6997022 | In diabetic patients plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) increased four fold after intramuscular injection of secretin (50 CHRU, Eisai Co.) in spite of the lack of response of plasma insulin, plasma glucagon and blood glucose levels. |
| 409 | 7014203 | To test the possibility that insulitis might play an etiological role in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes, functions of 3 kinds of islet constituting cells (A, B and PP cells) were estimated by quantifying secretory responses of glucagon-, C-peptide-and pancreatic polypeptide-producing cells to hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. |
| 410 | 7021284 | The effect of treatment of type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus on plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon. |
| 411 | 7021284 | The effect of the control of diabetes with diet and insulin upon plasma levels of human pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon was determined in eight patients with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus. |
| 412 | 7021284 | The mean +/- SEM fasting plasma glucose was 15.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/l for 5 days of diet treatment and 5.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l for the last 5 days of treatment with diet plus insulin (p less than 0.0001); corresponding fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels were 328 +/- 97 and 247 +/- 71 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) and immunoreactive glucagon levels were 95 +/- 11 and 62 +/- 6 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). |
| 413 | 7021284 | Cooked ground beef was administered on the first day of diet treatment and on the last day of treatment with diet plus insulin; mean maximal rise of pancreatic polypeptide, and total and incremental plasma pancreatic polypeptide response areas were significantly lower following treatment (p less than 0.01), as was total area for immunoreactive glucagon (p less than 0.05). |
| 414 | 7021284 | Normalisation of fasting plasma glucose by short-term treatment with diet plus insulin is associated with decreases in basal and stimulated secretory activity of the pancreatic polypeptide cells in insulin independent diabetes mellitus. |
| 415 | 7021284 | The effect of treatment of type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus on plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon. |
| 416 | 7021284 | The effect of the control of diabetes with diet and insulin upon plasma levels of human pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon was determined in eight patients with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus. |
| 417 | 7021284 | The mean +/- SEM fasting plasma glucose was 15.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/l for 5 days of diet treatment and 5.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l for the last 5 days of treatment with diet plus insulin (p less than 0.0001); corresponding fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels were 328 +/- 97 and 247 +/- 71 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) and immunoreactive glucagon levels were 95 +/- 11 and 62 +/- 6 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). |
| 418 | 7021284 | Cooked ground beef was administered on the first day of diet treatment and on the last day of treatment with diet plus insulin; mean maximal rise of pancreatic polypeptide, and total and incremental plasma pancreatic polypeptide response areas were significantly lower following treatment (p less than 0.01), as was total area for immunoreactive glucagon (p less than 0.05). |
| 419 | 7021284 | Normalisation of fasting plasma glucose by short-term treatment with diet plus insulin is associated with decreases in basal and stimulated secretory activity of the pancreatic polypeptide cells in insulin independent diabetes mellitus. |
| 420 | 7021284 | The effect of treatment of type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus on plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon. |
| 421 | 7021284 | The effect of the control of diabetes with diet and insulin upon plasma levels of human pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon was determined in eight patients with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus. |
| 422 | 7021284 | The mean +/- SEM fasting plasma glucose was 15.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/l for 5 days of diet treatment and 5.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l for the last 5 days of treatment with diet plus insulin (p less than 0.0001); corresponding fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels were 328 +/- 97 and 247 +/- 71 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) and immunoreactive glucagon levels were 95 +/- 11 and 62 +/- 6 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). |
| 423 | 7021284 | Cooked ground beef was administered on the first day of diet treatment and on the last day of treatment with diet plus insulin; mean maximal rise of pancreatic polypeptide, and total and incremental plasma pancreatic polypeptide response areas were significantly lower following treatment (p less than 0.01), as was total area for immunoreactive glucagon (p less than 0.05). |
| 424 | 7021284 | Normalisation of fasting plasma glucose by short-term treatment with diet plus insulin is associated with decreases in basal and stimulated secretory activity of the pancreatic polypeptide cells in insulin independent diabetes mellitus. |
| 425 | 7021284 | The effect of treatment of type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus on plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon. |
| 426 | 7021284 | The effect of the control of diabetes with diet and insulin upon plasma levels of human pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon was determined in eight patients with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus. |
| 427 | 7021284 | The mean +/- SEM fasting plasma glucose was 15.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/l for 5 days of diet treatment and 5.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l for the last 5 days of treatment with diet plus insulin (p less than 0.0001); corresponding fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels were 328 +/- 97 and 247 +/- 71 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) and immunoreactive glucagon levels were 95 +/- 11 and 62 +/- 6 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). |
| 428 | 7021284 | Cooked ground beef was administered on the first day of diet treatment and on the last day of treatment with diet plus insulin; mean maximal rise of pancreatic polypeptide, and total and incremental plasma pancreatic polypeptide response areas were significantly lower following treatment (p less than 0.01), as was total area for immunoreactive glucagon (p less than 0.05). |
| 429 | 7021284 | Normalisation of fasting plasma glucose by short-term treatment with diet plus insulin is associated with decreases in basal and stimulated secretory activity of the pancreatic polypeptide cells in insulin independent diabetes mellitus. |
| 430 | 7021284 | The effect of treatment of type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus on plasma concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon. |
| 431 | 7021284 | The effect of the control of diabetes with diet and insulin upon plasma levels of human pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon was determined in eight patients with Type 2 (insulin independent) diabetes mellitus. |
| 432 | 7021284 | The mean +/- SEM fasting plasma glucose was 15.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/l for 5 days of diet treatment and 5.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l for the last 5 days of treatment with diet plus insulin (p less than 0.0001); corresponding fasting plasma pancreatic polypeptide levels were 328 +/- 97 and 247 +/- 71 pg/ml (p less than 0.05) and immunoreactive glucagon levels were 95 +/- 11 and 62 +/- 6 pg/ml (p less than 0.005). |
| 433 | 7021284 | Cooked ground beef was administered on the first day of diet treatment and on the last day of treatment with diet plus insulin; mean maximal rise of pancreatic polypeptide, and total and incremental plasma pancreatic polypeptide response areas were significantly lower following treatment (p less than 0.01), as was total area for immunoreactive glucagon (p less than 0.05). |
| 434 | 7021284 | Normalisation of fasting plasma glucose by short-term treatment with diet plus insulin is associated with decreases in basal and stimulated secretory activity of the pancreatic polypeptide cells in insulin independent diabetes mellitus. |
| 435 | 7035407 | In contrast, the islet cells containing somatostatin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide are nearly free of glycogen. |
| 436 | 7047110 | Insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 437 | 7047110 | To assess the possible value of the use of high-purity pork insulin (HPPI) in the United States, the serum insulin (I), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (G), and somatostatin (SRIF) antibody binding characteristics have been determined in 90 conventional insulin-treated diabetic subjects and related to their degree of metabolic control, as assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) concentration. |
| 438 | 7047110 | All diabetic subjects had antibodies to insulin, but there was no relationship between any of the antibody binding characteristics and HbA1 level: 47% possessed PP antibodies; mean +/- SEM HbA1 in these patients was 14.5 +/- 0.3%, identical to those without PP antibodies (14.5 +/- 0.4%); 10% had G binding antibodies with HbA1 levels of 14.6 +/- 0.8%, similar to those without G antibodies. |
| 439 | 7047110 | Insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 440 | 7047110 | To assess the possible value of the use of high-purity pork insulin (HPPI) in the United States, the serum insulin (I), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon (G), and somatostatin (SRIF) antibody binding characteristics have been determined in 90 conventional insulin-treated diabetic subjects and related to their degree of metabolic control, as assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) concentration. |
| 441 | 7047110 | All diabetic subjects had antibodies to insulin, but there was no relationship between any of the antibody binding characteristics and HbA1 level: 47% possessed PP antibodies; mean +/- SEM HbA1 in these patients was 14.5 +/- 0.3%, identical to those without PP antibodies (14.5 +/- 0.4%); 10% had G binding antibodies with HbA1 levels of 14.6 +/- 0.8%, similar to those without G antibodies. |
| 442 | 7118058 | In the present investigation, the gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gut glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (gut GLI), insulin, pancreatic glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) responses to a protein rich meal in pregnancy and postpartum were studied in 10 women with gestational diabetes. |
| 443 | 7118058 | No effect of pregnancy on fasting or postprandial gastrin, GIP, or glucagon levels was found. |
| 444 | 7494779 | Like any other pancreatic islet cell carcinoma, a somatostatinoma may also produce several different hormones such as adrenocorticotropic hormone, calcitonin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, insulin, and glucagon. |
| 445 | 7494779 | We present a patient with somatostatinoma in which an immunocytochemical study of the specimens from pancreas and liver showed a weak positive reaction for gastrin besides a strong positive reaction for somatostatin. |
| 446 | 7506601 | They are comprised primarily of four endocrine cell types: insulin-secreting beta-cells which represent about 70% of the cells in the islet along with smaller number of cells secreting glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 447 | 7588328 | Insulin and insulin-like growth factor II suppress neuropeptide Y release from the nerve terminals in the paraventricular nucleus: a putative hypothalamic site for energy homeostasis. |
| 448 | 7588328 | Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a member of the pancreatic polypeptide family, is the most potent orexigenic signal, and its secretion in discrete hypothalamic sites increases in response to insulinopenia produced by food deprivation or experimental diabetes. |
| 449 | 7588328 | To establish the site of interaction between the hypothalamus and the pancreas, we examined the effects of insulin on NPY release in vivo and in vitro from hypothalamic sites known to be involved in feeding behavior. |
| 450 | 7588328 | In the first study we evaluated the effects of peripheral insulin injections (1 U/kg.day, sc) on NPY levels in seven hypothalamic nuclei in food-deprived (FD) and ad libitum-fed rats. |
| 451 | 7588328 | Whereas food deprivation for 3 days increased NPY levels in the medial preoptic area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and arcuate nucleus, insulin injections, which did not alter blood glucose levels, returned NPY levels to the control range selectively in the PVN. |
| 452 | 7588328 | NPY levels in the hypothalamic nuclei remained unchanged after insulin injections in ad libitum-fed rats. |
| 453 | 7588328 | The in vivo NPY release in the PVN of FD rats, evaluated by the push-pull cannula technique, also decreased in response to peripheral insulin injections. |
| 454 | 7588328 | Finally, the effects of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and IGF-II on NPY release in vitro from the microdissected PVN and two central neighboring sites, the ventromedial nucleus and the median eminence-arcuate nucleus, of FD rats were evaluated. |
| 455 | 7588328 | Both insulin (0.67 or 6.7 nM) and IGF-II (0.7 or 7.0 nM) decreased the release of NPY in a dose-dependent manner only from the PVN. |
| 456 | 7588328 | On the other hand, IGF-I (0.07 or 7.0 nM) failed to alter the basal PVN NPY efflux. |
| 457 | 7588328 | As the PVN is richly innervated by NPY-containing nerve terminals, the results of these in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the site of insulin action on the hypothalamic NPY network may reside at the level of PVN nerve terminals or at the interneurons in contact with NPY nerve terminals. |
| 458 | 7588328 | Although insulin may have a direct effect in reducing NPY release from the PVN, the effectiveness of IGF-II in decreasing NPY release from the PVN raises the possibility that insulin's action may also be mediated via hypothalamic IGF-II neuronal pathways. |
| 459 | 7705986 | Plasma adrenaline, noradrenaline and pancreatic polypeptide increased significantly in both groups during hypoglycemia and the insulin levels never exceeded 50 mUl-1. |
| 460 | 7739457 | Basal and postprandial levels of gastrin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were followed up in 105 patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (20 with autonomic neuropathy only, 35 with peripheric neuropathy only, 30 with autonomic and peripheric neuropathy simultaneously and 20 without any sign of neuropathy) and in the control group of 40 individuals. |
| 461 | 7739457 | Serum levels of gastrin, somatostatin, VIP and PP are determined by a RIA (used kits of Prof. |
| 462 | 7771503 | In this article, the authors report on a 46-year-old woman with a glucagonoma cosecreting pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and serotonin diagnosed 8 months before the onset of diabetic ketoacidosis. |
| 463 | 7771503 | She was treated with hydration, insulin, and octreotide, with improvement in her clinical course and a decrease in the glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and chromogranin A plasma levels. |
| 464 | 7771503 | In this article, the authors report on a 46-year-old woman with a glucagonoma cosecreting pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and serotonin diagnosed 8 months before the onset of diabetic ketoacidosis. |
| 465 | 7771503 | She was treated with hydration, insulin, and octreotide, with improvement in her clinical course and a decrease in the glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and chromogranin A plasma levels. |
| 466 | 7789625 | Effects of human glucagon-like peptide I (GLP-I)(7-36)amide were examined in volunteers having insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with residual C-peptide (CP) secretion (n = 8, 7 men and 1 woman; age, 31 +/- 1.4 years; body mass index, 24.7 +/- 0.7 kg/m2; duration of diabetes, 3.2 +/- 0.8 years; insulin dose, 0.41 +/- 0.05 U.kg-1.day-1; meal-stimulated CP, 1.0 +/- 0.2 nmol/l [means +/- SE]). |
| 467 | 7789625 | After a mixed meal (Sustacal, 30 kJ/kg body wt), intravenous injection of GLP-I, 1.2 pmol.kg-1.min-1 through 120 min, virtually abolished increments of plasma glucose, CP, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and glucagon concentrations, with no significant effect on plasma gastrin levels during the infusions. |
| 468 | 7789625 | Thus, in CP-positive IDDM, pharmacological doses of GLP-I reduce glycemic excursions after meals by a mechanism(s) not dependent on stimulation of insulin secretion, presumably involving delayed gastric emptying. |
| 469 | 7820217 | Glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide responses to hypoglycemia (insulin bolus 0.15-0.75 U/kg) were studied after insulin withdrawal and 3 days of intensive insulin therapy. |
| 470 | 7851207 | Cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide release in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. |
| 471 | 7851207 | The present study was undertaken to investigate postprandial responses of cholecystokinin (CCK) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and their interrelationship in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without autonomic neuropathy (AN). |
| 472 | 7851207 | Cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide release in diabetic patients with and without autonomic neuropathy. |
| 473 | 7851207 | The present study was undertaken to investigate postprandial responses of cholecystokinin (CCK) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and their interrelationship in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without autonomic neuropathy (AN). |
| 474 | 7937696 | Double immunostaining enabled localization of PYY to a major subpopulation of the glucagon cells and to subpopulations of the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells and the somatostatin cells. |
| 475 | 7937696 | In contrast, no PYY immunoreactivity occurred in the insulin cells. |
| 476 | 7937696 | In alloxan-treated hyperglycemic mice, PYY immunoreactive cells were increased in number and distributed throughout the islets, in parallel with the glucagon, PP, and somatostatin cells. |
| 477 | 8077324 | The aim of the present study was to determine if differing concentrations of insulin can modify the counterregulatory response to equivalent fixed hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent-diabetic subjects (IDDM). |
| 478 | 8077324 | Experiments were carried out in seven lean, overnight-fasted, moderately controlled (hemoglobin A1c, 10.9%; normal range, 5-9) IDDM subjects with a disease duration of 13 +/- 3 yr. |
| 479 | 8077324 | In response to hypoglycemia, plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, GH, and pancreatic polypeptide increased similarly during both insulin infusions. |
| 480 | 8077324 | We conclude that 1) insulin per se does not amplify the counterregulatory response to equivalent hypoglycemia in individuals with moderately controlled, long duration IDDM; and 2) there may be a relative autonomic adrenomedullary deficit in some IDDM subjects that prevents the amplified epinephrine response to hyperinsulinemia during hypoglycemia. |
| 481 | 8108371 | In addition to glucose levels in the peripheral venous blood, levels of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide were determined. |
| 482 | 8285838 | Shrunken islets were composed of insulin cells, glucagon cells, somatostatin cells, and pancreatic polypeptide cells. |
| 483 | 8324379 | We also measured postprandial levels of pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin as indicators of vagal function and of the delivery of nutrients to the distal small bowel. |
| 484 | 8425662 | Glucagon, growth hormone, and pancreatic polypeptide levels increased briskly and significantly but were not different during the two insulin infusions. |
| 485 | 8450063 | We hypothesize that in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), recent antecedent iatrogenic hypoglycemia is a major cause of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure, a disorder distinct from classical diabetic autonomic neuropathy (CDAN), and that hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure, by reducing both symptoms of and defense against developing hypoglycemia, results in recurrent iatrogenic hypoglycemia, thus creating a vicious cycle. |
| 486 | 8450063 | We used the hyperinsulinemic (12.0 pmol.kg-1.min-1) stepped hypoglycemic clamp technique to assess autonomic and symptomatic responses to hypoglycemia and the insulin infusion test (4.0 pmol.kg-1.min-1) to assess defense against hypoglycemia on mornings before and after clamped afternoon hypoglycemia (approximately 2.8 mmol/liter) and hyperglycemia (approximately 11.1 mmol/liter) in patients with IDDM. |
| 487 | 8450063 | Compared with nondiabetic subjects, IDDM with or without CDAN exhibited reduced epinephrine (P = 0.0222 and 0.0040) and pancreatic polypeptide (P = 0.0083 and 0.0056) responses to hypoglycemia. |
| 488 | 8480468 | Fasting levels of pancreatic polypeptide, pancreatic glucagon, total glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 amide, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were normal in all patient groups. |
| 489 | 8480468 | In conclusion, at cystic fibrosis (a) insulin secretion is impaired even when glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are within the normal range, (b) the glucagon test gives valid estimates of residual beta cell function, (c) pancreatic polypeptide response to oral glucose is absent, (d) glucagon suppressibility decreases with decreasing glucose tolerance, and (e) the enteroinsular axis is intact. |
| 490 | 8480468 | Fasting levels of pancreatic polypeptide, pancreatic glucagon, total glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 7-36 amide, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were normal in all patient groups. |
| 491 | 8480468 | In conclusion, at cystic fibrosis (a) insulin secretion is impaired even when glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are within the normal range, (b) the glucagon test gives valid estimates of residual beta cell function, (c) pancreatic polypeptide response to oral glucose is absent, (d) glucagon suppressibility decreases with decreasing glucose tolerance, and (e) the enteroinsular axis is intact. |
| 492 | 8480470 | The pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to a mixed meal was investigated in seven insulin-dependent diabetics without measurable signs of diabetic autonomic neuropathy, and in seven healthy subjects. |
| 493 | 8495594 | Pancreatic polypeptide secretion was absent in chronic pancreatitis without endogenous insulin production. |
| 494 | 8495594 | Increased plasma concentration of somatostatin was found in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis. |
| 495 | 8495594 | The source of somatostatin in the patients is unknown, but somatostatin may contribute to a reduction in overall blood glucose level in patients without endogenous insulin secretion due to inhibition of glucagon secretion. |
| 496 | 8501355 | Negligible crossreactivity (< 0.01%) to human proinsulin was observed, whereas human insulin, human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP), porcine insulin, porcine C-peptide, bovine insulin, rat insulin, porcine-PP, and glucagon, respectively, did not produce measurable displacement of RCP tracer. |
| 497 | 8532657 | The immunoperoxidase technique for the identification of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, as well as the point-counting method, was used on serial sections of pancreas tissue. |
| 498 | 8666149 | Insulin-induced hypoglycemia (plasma glucose = 1.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/l) activated parasympathetic nerves to the pancreas as assessed by increased plasma pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels (delta = 135.0 +/- 36.8 pmol/l, P < 0.01), produced sympathoadrenal activation as assessed by elevations of plasma epinephrine (EPI) (delta = 22.3 +/- 2.95 nmol/l, P < 0.0005) and norepinephrine (NE) (delta = 3.72 +/- 0.77 mmol/l, P < 0.0025) and increased plasma immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) (delta = 920 +/- 294 ng/l, P < 0.025). |
| 499 | 8692091 | Parasympathetic function and plasma human pancreatic polypeptide response to a protein rich meal were evaluated in 105 insulin nondependent diabetic patients: 20 only with autonomic neuropathy (group A), diagnosed by clonidin test and tests of cardiovascular reflexes, 35 patients with neurophysiological evidence of polyneuropathy (group B), 30 patients with autonomic neuropathy and polyneuropathy (group C) and 20 patients without any sign of neuropathy (group D). |
| 500 | 8894467 | The following studies show that insulin-induced hypoglycaemia increases the gastric emptying rate for both liquids and solid food in healthy volunteers and in patients with IDDM of short duration. |
| 501 | 8894467 | The pancreatic polypeptide response in the atropine-treated subjects resembles that seen in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy when exposed to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. |
| 502 | 8899806 | EM523L, a nonpeptide motilin agonist, stimulates gastric emptying and pancreatic polypeptide secretion. |
| 503 | 9066086 | Furthermore, within these vacuolated areas, some cells were positive to varying degrees for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 504 | 9074764 | The proglucagon (PG)-derived peptides from the gut include glicentin (corresponding to PG 1-69); smaller amounts of oxyntomodulin (PG 33-69) and glicentin-related pancreatic polypeptide (GRPP, PG 1-30); glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1, PG 78-107 amide); intervening peptide-2 (IP-2, PG 111-122 amide); and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2, PG 126-158). |
| 505 | 9074764 | This effect is preserved in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in whom infusions of GLP-1 may completely normalize blood glucose. |
| 506 | 9075800 | Elevated islet amyloid pancreatic polypeptide and proinsulin in lean gestational diabetes. |
| 507 | 9075800 | Recent research indicates that islet amyloid pancreatic polypeptide (IAPP) might have a regulatory effect on beta-cell insulin processing and secretion. |
| 508 | 9075800 | To study such interaction in more detail, IAPP secretion and kinetics and the serum concentrations of proinsulin were assessed both before and after delivery in lean pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM patients) in comparison to those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and to nonpregnant healthy lean (control) and obese insulin-resistant women during oral glucose tolerance tests. |
| 509 | 9075800 | Pregnancy induced a more marked fourfold increase in apparent total IAPP secretion rate (TIR) (GDM patients, 172 +/- 31 pmol x 1(-1) x 3 h(-1); NGT subjects, 166 +/- 31 pmol x 1(-1) x 3 h(-1); control subjects, 40 +/- 1 pmol 1(-1) x 3 h(-1)) and a twofold rise in its fractional clearance versus control subjects (P < 0.01), whereas in GDM patients a 30% increase of IAPP secretion and a decreased clearance was found, compared with obese insulin-resistant women (TIR, 112 +/- 14 pmol x 1(-1) x 3 h(-1)). |
| 510 | 9075800 | The increase in IAPP secretion in both pregnant groups was much higher than that of the insulin groups, resulting in a marked change of the IAPP-insulin cosecretion factor when compared with lean or obese nonpregnant women (P < 0.0005). |
| 511 | 9075800 | After delivery, total IAPP secretion (52.4 +/- 1.5 pmol/l) was completely normalized in the GDM group, as were the clearance rate and the IAPP-insulin cosecretion factor. |
| 512 | 9075800 | In conclusion, IAPP hypersecretion is characteristic for pregnancy and might partially decrease hyperinsulinemia in pregnancy by inhibiting insulin secretion. |
| 513 | 9075800 | Elevated islet amyloid pancreatic polypeptide and proinsulin in lean gestational diabetes. |
| 514 | 9075800 | Recent research indicates that islet amyloid pancreatic polypeptide (IAPP) might have a regulatory effect on beta-cell insulin processing and secretion. |
| 515 | 9075800 | To study such interaction in more detail, IAPP secretion and kinetics and the serum concentrations of proinsulin were assessed both before and after delivery in lean pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM patients) in comparison to those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and to nonpregnant healthy lean (control) and obese insulin-resistant women during oral glucose tolerance tests. |
| 516 | 9075800 | Pregnancy induced a more marked fourfold increase in apparent total IAPP secretion rate (TIR) (GDM patients, 172 +/- 31 pmol x 1(-1) x 3 h(-1); NGT subjects, 166 +/- 31 pmol x 1(-1) x 3 h(-1); control subjects, 40 +/- 1 pmol 1(-1) x 3 h(-1)) and a twofold rise in its fractional clearance versus control subjects (P < 0.01), whereas in GDM patients a 30% increase of IAPP secretion and a decreased clearance was found, compared with obese insulin-resistant women (TIR, 112 +/- 14 pmol x 1(-1) x 3 h(-1)). |
| 517 | 9075800 | The increase in IAPP secretion in both pregnant groups was much higher than that of the insulin groups, resulting in a marked change of the IAPP-insulin cosecretion factor when compared with lean or obese nonpregnant women (P < 0.0005). |
| 518 | 9075800 | After delivery, total IAPP secretion (52.4 +/- 1.5 pmol/l) was completely normalized in the GDM group, as were the clearance rate and the IAPP-insulin cosecretion factor. |
| 519 | 9075800 | In conclusion, IAPP hypersecretion is characteristic for pregnancy and might partially decrease hyperinsulinemia in pregnancy by inhibiting insulin secretion. |
| 520 | 9133547 | Trimethaphan impaired parasympathetic and sympathoadrenal activation during insulin-induced hypoglycemia as assessed by 70% reductions of the plasma pancreatic polypeptide response and epinephrine response (both P < 0.05 vs. control study). |
| 521 | 9144203 | Reverse transcription-coupled PCR analysis showed that somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide mRNAs were present, although at reduced levels, accounting for the presence also of delta and pancreatic polypeptide cells, respectively. |
| 522 | 9199194 | On chromosome 10 there was a QTL for blood pressure found between Ppy and Abp and on chromosome 18 there were three regions (Ttr-Grl, Tilp-Gja1, Olf-D18Mit9) with linkage to blood pressure. |
| 523 | 9349988 | Gallbladder emptying and cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide responses to a liquid meal in patients with diabetes mellitus. |
| 524 | 9349988 | To investigate gallbladder motility and its regulation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), we examined the gallbladder response to an intraduodenal test meal by measuring the temporal course of plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. |
| 525 | 9349988 | Gallbladder emptying and cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide responses to a liquid meal in patients with diabetes mellitus. |
| 526 | 9349988 | To investigate gallbladder motility and its regulation in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), we examined the gallbladder response to an intraduodenal test meal by measuring the temporal course of plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels. |
| 527 | 9496247 | Mechanisms of the antidiabetic action of subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 528 | 9496247 | Twelve patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) under secondary failure to sulfonylureas were studied to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (GLP-1) on (a) the gastric emptying pattern of a solid meal (250 kcal) and (b) the glycemic and endocrine responses to this solid meal and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 300 kcal). 0.5 nmol/kg of GLP-1 or placebo were subcutaneously injected 20 min after meal ingestion. |
| 529 | 9496247 | GLP-1 markedly stimulated insulin secretion with an effect lasting for 105 min (solid meal) or 150 min (OGTT). |
| 530 | 9496247 | GLP-1 diminished the postprandial release of pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 531 | 9496247 | The initial and transient delay of gastric emptying, the enhancement of postprandial insulin release, and the inhibition of postprandial glucagon release were independent determinants (P < 0.002) of the postprandial glucose response after subcutaneous GLP-1. |
| 532 | 9566647 | The tumour was diagnosed histopathologically as a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma with focal neuroendocrine cell differentiation and dispersed cells reacting with antisera against neurone-specific enolase, S-100 protein, neuropeptide Y, follicle-stimulating hormone, substance P, vasoactive polypeptide (VIP), adrenocorticotropic hormone and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) as well as to one of three tested antisera raised against antidiuretic hormone (ADH). |
| 533 | 9662042 | In a quantitative analysis of nine organs consecutively recruited from adult donors, 15 percent of all beta cells were found in units with a diameter less than < 20 microm and without associated glucagon-, somatostatin-, or pancreatic polypeptide cells. |
| 534 | 9662042 | The use of ductal cell markers such as cytokeratin 19, carbonic anhydrase-II and carbohydrate antigen 19.9 identified a close topographical association between ductal cells and budding beta cells; it also indicated that pancreatic lobules are composed of nearly one third ductal cells. |
| 535 | 9700950 | In response to WAI, gastric inhibitory peptide decreased (p < 0.05), peptide YY increased (p < 0.05), and there was a trend toward increased human pancreatic polypeptide (p = 0.07). |
| 536 | 9849972 | Here we review our studies on the embryonic islet expression of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and the PP-fold peptides pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). |
| 537 | 9849972 | As development proceeds, the insulin/IAPP phenotype is segregated from that of PYY/glucagon; with the formation of islet-like structures, insulin/IAPP-expressing cells primarily occupy their central portions, while PYY/glucagon-expressing cells are found in their periphery. |
| 538 | 9849972 | At the time of formation of islet-like structures, expression of NPY is induced in the insulin/IAPP-containing cells. |
| 539 | 9849972 | Whereas NPY-expression ceases at birth, PYY is constitutively expressed in non-beta-cells in the mature rat. |
| 540 | 9869866 | The protodifferentiated cells are either double or triple stained for insulin, cytokeratin 7, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, or somatostatin. |
| 541 | 9892224 | Western blot showed that islet tissue expressed HO-2, and confocal microscopy revealed that HO-2 resided in insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide cells. |
| 542 | 10102687 | In the presence of soluble laminin-1, however, the number of beta-cells increased linearly by 60-fold without an increase in the total cell number; glucagon-positive cell number was unchanged, and somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide-positive cells were not detected. |
| 543 | 10334306 | Dexamethasone (Dx) converts them to exocrine cells, whereas activin A (Act) converts them into endocrine cells expressing pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 544 | 10334306 | A combination of Act and betacellulin (BTC) converts them further into insulin-secreting cells. |
| 545 | 10368987 | Fifteen weeks after transplantation into the subcutaneous region, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide-immunoreactive cells were observed in many parts of the graft. |
| 546 | 10431790 | Samples (n = 3 per age group) from the dorsal and ventral pancreas of 5-, 12- and 24-week-old hybrid pigs were fixed in formal saline, processed in paraffin wax and stained with an avidin/biotin immunohistochemical kit for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 547 | 10436815 | Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PET's) can be divided on a clinical and pathologic basis into ten classes [insulinomas, gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), VIPomas (Verner-Morrison syndrome, WDHA, pancreatic cholera), glucagonomas, somatostatinomas, ACTH-releasing tumors (ACTHomas), growth hormone-releasing factor secreting tumors (GRFomas), nonfunctioning or pancreatic polypeptide secreting tumors (non-functioning PET), PET's causing carcinoid syndrome and PET's causing hypercalcemia)]. |
| 548 | 10495291 | Adult pancreatic islets comprise four cell types, alpha, beta, delta and PP, expressing glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic-polypeptide, respectively, arising from cell lineages whose relationships during endocrine pancreas differentiation are still uncertain [Edlund, 1998. |
| 549 | 10495291 | Results showed that in the zebrafish pancreatic primordium (a) insulin is the first hormone gene to be expressed, and (b) somatostatin colocalizes with insulin while glucagon-expressing cells, since their appearance, are distinct from insulin- or insulin/somatostatin-expressing cells. |
| 550 | 10495291 | Notably, both somatostatin and glucagon, but not insulin, are first expressed in extrapancreatic regions. |
| 551 | 10580424 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 and exendin-4 convert pancreatic AR42J cells into glucagon- and insulin-producing cells. |
| 552 | 10580424 | In this article, we show that glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) can induce AR42J cells to differentiate into insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucagon-positive cells. |
| 553 | 10580424 | We found that when these cells were exposed to GLP-1 (1 or 10 nmol), a peptide normally released from the gut in response to food and a modulator of insulin release, intracellular cAMP levels were increased, and proliferation of cells was increased for the first 24 h, followed by inhibition. |
| 554 | 10604121 | The Cushing's syndrome diagnosis due to rare ectopic neuroendocrine tumour adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion can be made only with selective angiography, whereas non-functional and pancreatic polypeptide producing neuroendocrine tumours (PPoma) present without any symptoms. |
| 555 | 10615952 | The usual exercise-induced reduction in insulin, together with elevations of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, growth hormone, pancreatic polypeptide, and cortisol levels, was significantly blunted after day 1 hypoglycemia (P<0.01). |
| 556 | 10657496 | Distribution of calcitonin-gene-related peptide, neuropeptide-Y, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin-8, substance P and islet peptides in the pancreas of normal and diabetic rats. |
| 557 | 10657496 | This study investigates whether there is a change in the pattern of distribution of neuropeptides including calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), neuropeptide-Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8), substance P (SP), and islet peptides including insulin (INS), glucagon (GLU), somatostatin (SOM) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in the pancreas of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. |
| 558 | 10657496 | After the onset of diabetes, the pattern of distribution of INS, GLU, SOM and PP cells was deranged. |
| 559 | 10657496 | In conclusion, CGRP, NPY, VIP, CCK-8 and SP are well distributed in both normal and diabetic pancreas. |
| 560 | 10863992 | The precise interplay of a heterogeneous group of cell populations (beta, alpha, delta and PP cells) results in the fine-tuned release of counterbalanced hormones (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide respectively). |
| 561 | 10866048 | Reduced pancreatic polypeptide response to hypoglycemia and amylin response to arginine in subjects with a mutation in the HNF-4alpha/MODY1 gene. |
| 562 | 10866048 | Subjects with the Q268X mutation in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha gene (RW pedigree/maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]-1) have diminished insulin and glucagon secretory responses to arginine. |
| 563 | 10866048 | To determine if pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion is likewise involved, we studied PP responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in 17 RW pedigree members: 6 nondiabetic mutation-negative [ND(-)], 4 nondiabetic mutation-positive [ND(+)], and 7 diabetic mutation-positive [D(+)]. |
| 564 | 10866048 | These results suggest that the HNF-4alpha mutation in the RW/MODY1 pedigree confers a generalized defect in islet cell function involving PP cells in addition to beta- and alpha-cells, and beta-cell impairment involving proportional deficits in insulin and amylin secretion. |
| 565 | 10866048 | Reduced pancreatic polypeptide response to hypoglycemia and amylin response to arginine in subjects with a mutation in the HNF-4alpha/MODY1 gene. |
| 566 | 10866048 | Subjects with the Q268X mutation in the hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha gene (RW pedigree/maturity-onset diabetes of the young [MODY]-1) have diminished insulin and glucagon secretory responses to arginine. |
| 567 | 10866048 | To determine if pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion is likewise involved, we studied PP responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in 17 RW pedigree members: 6 nondiabetic mutation-negative [ND(-)], 4 nondiabetic mutation-positive [ND(+)], and 7 diabetic mutation-positive [D(+)]. |
| 568 | 10866048 | These results suggest that the HNF-4alpha mutation in the RW/MODY1 pedigree confers a generalized defect in islet cell function involving PP cells in addition to beta- and alpha-cells, and beta-cell impairment involving proportional deficits in insulin and amylin secretion. |
| 569 | 10868939 | Epithelial cells in these pancreatic anlage were detected by cytokeratin staining, and differentiated endocrine cells were detected by insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide staining. |
| 570 | 10868939 | Newly differentiated endocrine cells coexpress insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin; endocrine differentiation starts within the central ducts of the epithelial mass, at a distance from the dense peripancreatic surrounding mesenchyme. |
| 571 | 10965825 | Duct cell adenocarcinomas may produce neuroendocrine markers such as pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin and gastrin releasing hormones. |
| 572 | 11024017 | Direct double-labeling immunofluorescence histochemistry combined with confocal laser microscopy revealed the presence of Munc-18 immunoreactivity in insulin-, glucagon-, pancreatic polypeptide-, and somatostatin-containing cells. |
| 573 | 11137179 | Routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry studies were carried out with six primary antibodies namely insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastrin. |
| 574 | 11229433 | To test this, we measured plasma concentrations of insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), a surrogate marker of pancreatic vagal tone, in lean and obese Pima Indian and Caucasian children (n = 43, 26P/17C, 7 +/- 1 y) and adults (n = 92, 61P/31C, 31 +/- 5 y). |
| 575 | 11234631 | Plasma concentrations of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine were lower than normal, whereas those of glucagon were higher than normal. |
| 576 | 11234631 | Immunohistochemical examination of the pancreas showed that very few insulin-, glucagon-, somatostatin- and pancreatic polypeptide, insulin-like growth factor-I and adrenomedullin-producing islet cells were present. |
| 577 | 11246871 | Nestin-positive cells within pancreatic islets express neither the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, or pancreatic polypeptide nor the markers of vascular endothelium or neurons, such as collagen IV and galanin. |
| 578 | 11246871 | Nestin-positive cells in the islets and in pancreatic ducts are distinct from ductal epithelium because they do not express the ductal marker cytokeratin 19 (CK19). |
| 579 | 11246871 | Upon confluence, they are able to differentiate into cells that express liver and exocrine pancreas markers, such as alpha-fetoprotein and pancreatic amylase, and display a ductal/endocrine phenotype with expression of CK19, neural-specific cell adhesion molecule, insulin, glucagon, and the pancreas/duodenum specific homeodomain transcription factor, IDX-1. |
| 580 | 11272179 | Intrauterine growth retardation and postnatal acute diabetes result from insulin deficiency in double homozygous null mutants for Ins1 and Ins2 (Duvillié B, et al., Proc. |
| 581 | 11272179 | Immunocytochemical analysis of the islets showed normal distribution of the endocrine cells producing insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, or pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 582 | 11272179 | Analysis of the expression of the functional insulin gene in Ins1-/- or Ins2-/- mice revealed a dramatic increase of Ins1 transcripts in Ins2-/- mutants. |
| 583 | 11334439 | This study examines, at the ultrastructural level, whether the fetal porcine endocrine pancreas (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide [PP]- and islet amyloid polypeptide [IAPP]-containing cells) develops normally after transplantation under the kidney capsule in athymic mice. |
| 584 | 11344398 | In addition to insulin deficiency, the endocrine abnormalities that accompany pancreatic resection can include glucagon deficiency or pancreatic polypeptide (PP) deficiency if the resection is distal or proximal, respectively. |
| 585 | 11502801 | To elucidate the causes of the diminished incretin effect in type 2 diabetes mellitus we investigated the secretion of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose- dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and measured nonesterified fatty acids, and plasma concentrations of insulin, C peptide, pancreatic polypeptide, and glucose during a 4-h mixed meal test in 54 heterogeneous type 2 diabetic patients, 33 matched control subjects with normal glucose tolerance, and 15 unmatched subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. |
| 586 | 11502801 | In a multiple regression analysis, a model with diabetes, body mass index, male sex, insulin area under the curve (negative influence), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide area under the curve (negative influence), and glucagon area under the curve (positive influence) explained 42% of the variability of the glucagon-like peptide-1 response. |
| 587 | 11507651 | In the islets, staining intensity of both insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) increased slightly till 10 weeks of age and thereafter decreased rapidly. |
| 588 | 11507651 | In contrast, the staining intensities of glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) did not change. |
| 589 | 11762360 | For instance, the well-known Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is gastrin-mediated. |
| 590 | 11762360 | The best general markers are chromogranin A (CgA) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). |
| 591 | 11762360 | Specific markers for endocrine tumors include insulin, gastrin, glucagon, vaso intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin and the primary cathabolic product of serotonin, 5-hydroxyndoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). |
| 592 | 11762360 | Localisation procedures commonly applied, in the diagnosis of endocrine tumours include ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS). |
| 593 | 11932320 | A comparison of the effects of pegvisomant and octreotide on glucose, insulin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to oral glucose and a standard mixed meal. |
| 594 | 11932320 | Pegvisomant is a novel pegylated GH analog that competes with wild-type GH for GH-receptor binding sites but contains a position 120, amino acid substitution that prevents functional GH receptor dimerization, a known prerequisite for GH signal transduction and generation of IGF-I. |
| 595 | 11932320 | Octreotide significantly impaired stimulated release of cholecystokinin, gastrin, insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 596 | 11932320 | A comparison of the effects of pegvisomant and octreotide on glucose, insulin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, and pancreatic polypeptide responses to oral glucose and a standard mixed meal. |
| 597 | 11932320 | Pegvisomant is a novel pegylated GH analog that competes with wild-type GH for GH-receptor binding sites but contains a position 120, amino acid substitution that prevents functional GH receptor dimerization, a known prerequisite for GH signal transduction and generation of IGF-I. |
| 598 | 11932320 | Octreotide significantly impaired stimulated release of cholecystokinin, gastrin, insulin, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 599 | 12031967 | Overexpression of c-Myc in beta-cells of transgenic mice causes proliferation and apoptosis, downregulation of insulin gene expression, and diabetes. |
| 600 | 12031967 | To test the hypothesis that c-Myc plays an important role in beta-cell growth and differentiation, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing c-Myc in beta-cells under control of the rat insulin II promoter. |
| 601 | 12031967 | GLUT2 mRNA was decreased, but other beta-cell-associated genes (IAPP [islet amyloid pancreatic polypeptide], PDX-1 [pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1], and BETA2/NeuroD) were expressed at near-normal levels. |
| 602 | 12031967 | Immunostaining for both GLUT2 and Nkx6.1 was mainly cytoplasmic. |
| 603 | 12031967 | In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that activation of c-Myc in beta-cells leads to 1) increased proliferation and apoptosis, 2) initial hyperplasia with amorphous islet organization, and 3) selective downregulation of insulin gene expression and the development of overt diabetes. |
| 604 | 12048252 | These differentiated cells can self-assemble to form three-dimensional islet cell-like clusters that express pancreatic islet cell differentiation-related transcripts detectable by reverse transcription-PCR/nested PCR (e.g., PDX-1, PAX-4, PAX-6, Nkx2.2 and Nkx6.1, insulin I, insulin II, glucose transporter 2, and glucagon) and islet-specific hormones detectable by immunocytochemistry (e.g., insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide). |
| 605 | 12110051 | Sections of paraffin-embedded tissues were evaluated for amyloid with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and congo red (CR) staining, and using immunohistochemistry for human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin (SS), and porcine insulin. |
| 606 | 12110051 | Islet amyloid was positive with HE in 40 baboons, with CR in 39 baboons, and with IAPP and CGRP in 35 baboons. |
| 607 | 12110051 | IAPP and CGRP only stained islet amyloid. |
| 608 | 12110051 | PP, SS, glucagon, and porcine insulin did not stain amyloid. |
| 609 | 12114736 | We examined the immunohistochemical localization of activin A/erythroid differentiation factor (EDF) in the pancreases of normal and diabetic rats with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus to elucidate how activin A/EDF modulates insulin secretion. |
| 610 | 12114736 | In both the normal and the diabetic pancreas, all of the cells staining with antirecombinant human (rh) activin A/EDF antiserum were insulin-producing B-cells, and they gradually decreased in number with the development of diabetic changes in both types of diabetic rats. |
| 611 | 12114736 | No rh activin AIEDF immunoreactivity was detected in A-, D-, or pancreatic polypeptide (PR) cells in the islets, or in the exocrine cells. |
| 612 | 12114736 | The in situ hybridization (ISH) method showed that activin A/EDF mRNA is localized in activin A/EDF-positive cells. |
| 613 | 12114736 | These data indicated that activin A/EDF localizes in insulin-producing B-cells of normal and diabetic pancreases, and may act as an autocrine modulator of insulin secretion. |
| 614 | 12177515 | Amylin (Islet Amyloid Pancreatic Polypeptide - IAPP) is a hormone cosecreted with insulin by pancreatic beta cells in a pulsatile pattern. |
| 615 | 12187924 | Autonomic neuropathy is associated with impaired pancreatic polypeptide and neuropeptide Y responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in Type I diabetic patients. |
| 616 | 12242483 | Immunohistochemically, small cells are positive for PDX-1, synaptophysin, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, alpha-fetaprotein and Bcl-2 and negative for cytokeratin 19 and nestin. |
| 617 | 12677189 | Five Y receptors are known that mediate the action of NPY and its two other family members, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 618 | 12686458 | PACAP is expressed in secretory granules of insulin and glucagon cells in human and rodent pancreas. |
| 619 | 12686458 | Insulin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) generation induced by PACAP were investigated in islets isolated from the spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. |
| 620 | 12686458 | PACAP immunoreactivity was observed in virtually all insulin and glucagon cells in both species, but not in somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells; this co-localization pattern was unaltered in diabetic pancreata. |
| 621 | 12686458 | In normal human pancreas, PACAP was further localized ultrastructurally to the secretory granules of insulin and glucagon cells. |
| 622 | 12686458 | PACAP significantly potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin release in isolated islets of normal but not of GK rats. |
| 623 | 12686458 | In conclusion, using improved immunocytochemistry techniques and electron microscopy (EM), PACAP was shown to be expressed both in normal and diabetic islet cells and localized to secretory granules of insulin and glucagon cells. |
| 624 | 12697069 | BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and its agonists are under assessment in treatment of type 2 diabetes, by virtue of their antidiabetic actions, which include stimulation of insulin secretion, inhibition of glucagon release, and delay of gastric emptying. |
| 625 | 12697069 | We examined the potential of GLP-1 to improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes with no endogenous insulin secretion. |
| 626 | 12697069 | In outside-hospital studies, GLP-1 or vehicle was self-administered double-blind before meals with usual insulin for five consecutive days by five males and three females with well-controlled C-peptide-negative type 1 diabetes. |
| 627 | 12697069 | RESULTS: In 8-hour studies time-averaged incremental (delta) areas under the curves(AUC) for plasma glucose through 8 hours were decreased by GLP-1 compared to vehicle (3.2 PlusMinus; 0.9, mean PlusMinus; se, vs 5.4 PlusMinus; 0.8 mmol/l, p <.05), and for pancreatic polypeptide, an indicator of gastric emptying, through 30 min after meals (4.0 PlusMinus; 3.1 vs 37 PlusMinus; 9.6 pmol/l, p <.05) with no adverse effects. |
| 628 | 12697069 | CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that subcutaneous GLP-1 can improve glucose control in type 1 diabetes without adverse effects when self-administered before meals with usual insulin during established intensive insulin treatment programs. |
| 629 | 12704384 | To explore induced islet neogenesis in the liver as a strategy for the treatment of diabetes, we used helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAD) to deliver the pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 gene (Ipf1; also known as Pdx-1) to streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic mice. |
| 630 | 12704384 | The diabetes of STZ mice was partially reversed by HDAD-mediated transfer of NeuroD (Neurod), a factor downstream of Ipf1, and completely reversed by a combination of Neurod and betacellulin (Btc), without producing hepatitis. |
| 631 | 12704384 | We detected in the liver insulin and other islet-specific transcripts, including proinsulin-processing enzymes, beta-cell-specific glucokinase and sulfonylurea receptor. |
| 632 | 12704384 | Immunocytochemistry detected the presence of insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin-producing cells organized into islet clusters; immuno-electron microscopy showed typical insulin-containing granules. |
| 633 | 12882918 | ES cells were evaluated for their ability to differentiate into pancreatic and islet lineage-restricted stages including pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1)-positive pancreatic precursor cells, early endocrine cell progenitors, and islet hormone-producing cells. |
| 634 | 12882918 | Following growth and differentiation in nonselective medium containing serum, murine ES cells spontaneously differentiated into cells individually expressing each of the four major islet hormones: insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 635 | 12882918 | Hormone-positive cells appeared within focal clusters of cells coexpressing PDX1 and the nonclassical hormone markers peptide YY (YY) and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in combination with the definitive hormones, characteristic of endocrine cells appearing during early pancreaticogenesis. |
| 636 | 12915685 | In contrast, most islet cells expressing insulin, glucagon, or somatostatin showed considerably weaker levels of menin expression; however, a subpopulation of pancreatic polypeptide-positive cells exhibited a signal comparable with that detected in adjacent exocrine cells. |
| 637 | 14623347 | A series of short-term hormonal and neural signals that derive from the gastrointestinal tract, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide YY-(3-36), recently discovered to regulate meal size. |
| 638 | 14623347 | Others such as ghrelin initiate meals, and insulin and leptin, together with circulating nutrients, indicate long-term energy stores. |
| 639 | 14623347 | Five Y receptors are known which mediate the action of neuropeptide Y and its two other family members, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 640 | 14623347 | A series of short-term hormonal and neural signals that derive from the gastrointestinal tract, such as cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide YY-(3-36), recently discovered to regulate meal size. |
| 641 | 14623347 | Others such as ghrelin initiate meals, and insulin and leptin, together with circulating nutrients, indicate long-term energy stores. |
| 642 | 14623347 | Five Y receptors are known which mediate the action of neuropeptide Y and its two other family members, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 643 | 14983031 | We detected in diabetic mice proinsulin- and insulin-positive cells in the liver, adipose tissue, spleen, bone marrow, and thymus; many cells also produced glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 644 | 14988250 | Parasympathetic blockade attenuates augmented pancreatic polypeptide but not insulin secretion in Pima Indians. |
| 645 | 15034596 | These aggregates showed endocrine gene expression for insulin (I and II), glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 646 | 15034596 | Immunohistochemistry also confirmed that these aggregates were positive for insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and C-peptide. |
| 647 | 15034596 | These aggregates showed endocrine gene expression for insulin (I and II), glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 648 | 15034596 | Immunohistochemistry also confirmed that these aggregates were positive for insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and C-peptide. |
| 649 | 15125025 | The immunohistochemical data showed that, among the established islet hormones, insulin was present in more than 50% of cells, whereas glucagon and somatostatin occurred only sporadically. |
| 650 | 15125025 | Though cells positive for pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were not found, PP-related peptides (NPY and PYY) however could be detected in a minority of cells. |
| 651 | 15125025 | The great majority of RINm5F cells were immunoreactive for chromogranin B (CgB), followed by insulin, chromogranin A (CgA), and serotonin (5-HT). |
| 652 | 15240633 | The mean plasma glucose excursion was reduced by 90%, falling into the normal range, after breakfast, whereas plasma pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, and acetaminophen levels were reduced, and insulin levels were not affected. |
| 653 | 15337371 | Five Y receptors (Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5 and Y6) are known to mediate the action of NPY and its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). |
| 654 | 15629153 | They also contain cells expressing the other major islet hormones (glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide). |
| 655 | 15765120 | TC islets contained cells stained positive for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, as well as PDX-1, chromogranin, and hepatocyte-derived growth factor receptor, c-met. |
| 656 | 15765120 | Duct-like cells in TC of BBdp rats expressed markers of committed endocrine precursors: PDX-1, neurogenin 3 and protein gene product 9.5. |
| 657 | 15780434 | Preservation of the insulin response to parenteral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), contrasting with lack of stimulation of insulin secretion by the other known incretin gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), prompted studies with exogenous GLP-1 in recent-onset Type 1 diabetes. |
| 658 | 15780434 | These studies showed substantial reduction of glycaemic excursions after ingestion of mixed nutrients during intravenous infusion of GLP-1 without administration of insulin, in subjects with a range of endogenous secretion of insulin in response to meals as demonstrated by blood levels of the insulin-connecting peptide (CP). |
| 659 | 15780434 | The glycaemic effects were associated with inhibition of abnormal rises of blood levels of glucagon, and with suppression of endogenous release of human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), by GLP-1. |
| 660 | 15780434 | Studies of the effects of GLP-1 agonists (GLP-1 and exendin-4) given together with established insulin doses before a meal supported the hypothesis. |
| 661 | 15780434 | It is suggested that further and more prolonged studies of the use of long-acting GLP-1 agonists as congeners with insulin in Type 1 diabetes mellitus are indicated. |
| 662 | 15823584 | After the treatment of RPE, they made clusters like islet of Langerhans within a week and expressed four pancreatic endocrine hormones; insulin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin. |
| 663 | 15855316 | Neurturin signaling via glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha2 (GFRalpha2) has been demonstrated to be essential for the development of subsets of parasympathetic and enteric neurons. |
| 664 | 15855316 | In the GFRalpha2-KO mice, however, pancreatic polypeptide and insulin responses were completely lost and glucagon response was markedly impaired. |
| 665 | 15983224 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been proposed to act as an incretin hormone due to its ability to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. |
| 666 | 15983224 | Because GLP-1 also decelerates gastric emptying, it physiologically reduces rather than augments postprandial insulin secretory responses. |
| 667 | 15983224 | Therefore, we aimed to antagonize the deceleration of gastric emptying by GLP-1 to study its effects on insulin secretion after a meal. |
| 668 | 15983224 | Capillary and venous blood samples were drawn for the determination of glucose (glucose oxidase), insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and pancreatic polypeptide (specific immunoassays). |
| 669 | 15983224 | Insulin secretory responses to the meal were lower during GLP-1 administration (P < 0.05 vs. placebo). |
| 670 | 15983224 | However, when erythromycin was added to GLP-1, insulin concentrations were similar to those in placebo experiments. |
| 671 | 15983224 | The time course of GIP secretion was delayed during GLP-1 administration (P < 0.05), but when erythromycin was added, the pattern was similar to placebo experiments. |
| 672 | 15983224 | GLP-1 administration led to a reduction in pancreatic polypeptide plasma concentrations (P < 0.05). |
| 673 | 15983224 | Intravenous erythromycin counteracts the deceleration of gastric emptying caused by GLP-1, probably by interacting with the parasympathetic nervous system (pancreatic polypeptide responses). |
| 674 | 15983224 | Despite augmented rises in insulin secretion, the glucose-lowering effect of GLP-1 is markedly reduced when the deceleration of gastric emptying is antagonized, illustrating the importance of this facet of the multiple antidiabetic actions of GLP-1. |
| 675 | 15983224 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been proposed to act as an incretin hormone due to its ability to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. |
| 676 | 15983224 | Because GLP-1 also decelerates gastric emptying, it physiologically reduces rather than augments postprandial insulin secretory responses. |
| 677 | 15983224 | Therefore, we aimed to antagonize the deceleration of gastric emptying by GLP-1 to study its effects on insulin secretion after a meal. |
| 678 | 15983224 | Capillary and venous blood samples were drawn for the determination of glucose (glucose oxidase), insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and pancreatic polypeptide (specific immunoassays). |
| 679 | 15983224 | Insulin secretory responses to the meal were lower during GLP-1 administration (P < 0.05 vs. placebo). |
| 680 | 15983224 | However, when erythromycin was added to GLP-1, insulin concentrations were similar to those in placebo experiments. |
| 681 | 15983224 | The time course of GIP secretion was delayed during GLP-1 administration (P < 0.05), but when erythromycin was added, the pattern was similar to placebo experiments. |
| 682 | 15983224 | GLP-1 administration led to a reduction in pancreatic polypeptide plasma concentrations (P < 0.05). |
| 683 | 15983224 | Intravenous erythromycin counteracts the deceleration of gastric emptying caused by GLP-1, probably by interacting with the parasympathetic nervous system (pancreatic polypeptide responses). |
| 684 | 15983224 | Despite augmented rises in insulin secretion, the glucose-lowering effect of GLP-1 is markedly reduced when the deceleration of gastric emptying is antagonized, illustrating the importance of this facet of the multiple antidiabetic actions of GLP-1. |
| 685 | 15983224 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been proposed to act as an incretin hormone due to its ability to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. |
| 686 | 15983224 | Because GLP-1 also decelerates gastric emptying, it physiologically reduces rather than augments postprandial insulin secretory responses. |
| 687 | 15983224 | Therefore, we aimed to antagonize the deceleration of gastric emptying by GLP-1 to study its effects on insulin secretion after a meal. |
| 688 | 15983224 | Capillary and venous blood samples were drawn for the determination of glucose (glucose oxidase), insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and pancreatic polypeptide (specific immunoassays). |
| 689 | 15983224 | Insulin secretory responses to the meal were lower during GLP-1 administration (P < 0.05 vs. placebo). |
| 690 | 15983224 | However, when erythromycin was added to GLP-1, insulin concentrations were similar to those in placebo experiments. |
| 691 | 15983224 | The time course of GIP secretion was delayed during GLP-1 administration (P < 0.05), but when erythromycin was added, the pattern was similar to placebo experiments. |
| 692 | 15983224 | GLP-1 administration led to a reduction in pancreatic polypeptide plasma concentrations (P < 0.05). |
| 693 | 15983224 | Intravenous erythromycin counteracts the deceleration of gastric emptying caused by GLP-1, probably by interacting with the parasympathetic nervous system (pancreatic polypeptide responses). |
| 694 | 15983224 | Despite augmented rises in insulin secretion, the glucose-lowering effect of GLP-1 is markedly reduced when the deceleration of gastric emptying is antagonized, illustrating the importance of this facet of the multiple antidiabetic actions of GLP-1. |
| 695 | 16024998 | Interestingly, EGFP mRNA-negative and protein-positive cells expressed insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide, pancreatic endocrine markers. |
| 696 | 16123344 | We have previously demonstrated that the expression of the beta-cell transcription factor pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) in human fetal liver cells activates multiple aspects of the beta-cell phenotype. |
| 697 | 16123344 | Cells cultured with activin A in serum-free medium upregulated expression of NeuroD and Nkx2.2 and downregulated paired box homeotic gene 6 (PAX-6). |
| 698 | 16123344 | Glucokinase and prohormone convertase 1/3 were also upregulated, whereas pancreatic polypeptide and glucagon as well as liver markers were downregulated. |
| 699 | 16306340 | Dense core vesicle proteins IA-2 and IA-2beta: metabolic alterations in double knockout mice. |
| 700 | 16306340 | IA-2 and IA-2beta are members of the transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase family located in dense core vesicles of neuroendocrine cells, including the beta-cells of pancreatic islets. |
| 701 | 16306340 | In the present study, by mating C57BL/6Nci IA-2(+/-) with IA-2beta(+/-) mice, we generated double knockout mice (IA-2(-/-)/IA-2beta(-/-)) to study the effect of the combined deletion of these two proteins on insulin secretion and blood glucose levels. |
| 702 | 16306340 | Histological examination and immunostaining for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide revealed no difference between the double knockout and wild-type mice. |
| 703 | 16306340 | No evidence of insulin resistance was observed nor were there alterations in fasting blood glucose, insulin, or leptin levels in the double knockout mice maintained on a high-fat diet compared with the wild-type mice maintained on the same diet. |
| 704 | 16306340 | In addition, to determine whether the combined deletion of IA-2 and IA-2beta played any role in the development of diabetes in NOD mice, we generated double knockout mice on the NOD/LtJ background. |
| 705 | 16306340 | Taken together, our experiments show that the dense core vesicle proteins IA-2 and IA-2beta, alone or in combination, are involved in insulin secretion, but neither alone nor in combination are they required for the development of diabetes in NOD mice. |
| 706 | 16345100 | Specifically, through RT-PCR analyses and functionality assays, we show that cells within the population expressed all four of the endocrine hormone genes and proteins (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide). |
| 707 | 16405075 | RT-PCR analysis revealed that a series of transcriptional factors involved in differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells was induced by the treatment with sodium butyrate and betacellulin. mRNAs for insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin were also observed. |
| 708 | 16405075 | Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and insulin were detected in sodium butyrate and betacellulin-treated HSL cells. |
| 709 | 16405075 | RT-PCR analysis revealed that a series of transcriptional factors involved in differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells was induced by the treatment with sodium butyrate and betacellulin. mRNAs for insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin were also observed. |
| 710 | 16405075 | Immunoreactive pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, and insulin were detected in sodium butyrate and betacellulin-treated HSL cells. |
| 711 | 16505218 | Tomosyn is expressed in beta-cells and negatively regulates insulin exocytosis. |
| 712 | 16505218 | Tomosyn, a syntaxin-binding protein, is capable of dissociating mammalian homolog of the Caenorhabditis elegans unc-18 gene from syntaxin and is involved in the regulation of exocytosis. |
| 713 | 16505218 | Western blotting revealed a 130-kDa protein corresponding to tomosyn in insulin-secreting beta-cell lines. |
| 714 | 16505218 | Immunohistochemistry revealed punctate tomosyn immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm of insulin-, glucagon-, pancreatic polypeptide-, and somatostatin-containing islet cells. |
| 715 | 16505218 | Syntaxin 1 coimmunoprecipitated with tomosyn in extracts of insulin-secreting cells. |
| 716 | 16505218 | Hence, in the pancreatic beta-cell, tomosyn negatively regulates insulin exocytosis. |
| 717 | 16599577 | The resulting population consisted of single cells and many islet-like aggregates that contained all of the endocrine cell types (including insulin-positive, glucagon-positive, somatostatin-positive, and pancreatic polypeptide-positive cells). |
| 718 | 16629873 | In the last 10 years, discoveries of new hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, together with greater understanding of previously described hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), have led to a rapid increase in our knowledge of the regulation of energy balance. |
| 719 | 16804060 | Insulin-positive cells and pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1)-positive cells both were clearly increased in the older compared with the younger transgenic mice. |
| 720 | 16804060 | In addition, a subset of the DBA-labeled cells was positive for PDX1, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, or pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 721 | 16868831 | Abnormal ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide responses in gastroparesis. |
| 722 | 16868831 | Serial blood samples were obtained for plasma ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 723 | 16868831 | Sham feeding was characterized by an increase in pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin in normal controls and patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. |
| 724 | 16868831 | The changes in pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin levels in diabetic and postsurgical gastroparesis were significantly less than those in normal subjects. |
| 725 | 16868831 | Abnormal ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide responses in gastroparesis. |
| 726 | 16868831 | Serial blood samples were obtained for plasma ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 727 | 16868831 | Sham feeding was characterized by an increase in pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin in normal controls and patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. |
| 728 | 16868831 | The changes in pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin levels in diabetic and postsurgical gastroparesis were significantly less than those in normal subjects. |
| 729 | 16868831 | Abnormal ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide responses in gastroparesis. |
| 730 | 16868831 | Serial blood samples were obtained for plasma ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 731 | 16868831 | Sham feeding was characterized by an increase in pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin in normal controls and patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. |
| 732 | 16868831 | The changes in pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin levels in diabetic and postsurgical gastroparesis were significantly less than those in normal subjects. |
| 733 | 16868831 | Abnormal ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide responses in gastroparesis. |
| 734 | 16868831 | Serial blood samples were obtained for plasma ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 735 | 16868831 | Sham feeding was characterized by an increase in pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin in normal controls and patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. |
| 736 | 16868831 | The changes in pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin levels in diabetic and postsurgical gastroparesis were significantly less than those in normal subjects. |
| 737 | 16926384 | When pancreatic acinar cells of streptozotocin-treated mice were cultured in suspension in the presence of epidermal growth factor and nicotinamide under low-serum condition, expressions of insulin genes gradually increased. |
| 738 | 16926384 | In addition, expressions of other pancreatic hormones, including glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide, were also induced. |
| 739 | 16949016 | Several enteroendocrine cells produce numerous peptides codifying either orexigenic (ghrelin, orexins) or anorexigenic signals (pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, cholecystokinin, amylin, bombesin homologs, apolipoprotein A-IV, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin), which interact in a complex network with other peripheral signals of energy balance and with different neuropeptides involved in the central control of appetite and energy homeostasis. |
| 740 | 16982847 | However, at E14.5, Nkx6.1 immunoreactivity marks the nuclei of all epithelial cells of the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds and the only endocrine cell types found at this time point are glucagon and PYY. |
| 741 | 16982847 | At E18.5 the pancreas is well branched and both glucagon- and ghrelin-positive cells are scattered or found in clusters, whereas insulin-positive cells are not found. |
| 742 | 16982847 | Ghrelin-, glucagon-, PYY-, gastrin-, somatostatin (SS)-, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-, and insulin-immunoreactive cells are found scattered or in small groups within or lining the developing ductal epithelium as marked by cytokeratin 19. |
| 743 | 16982850 | There is a lack of agreement on the distribution of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) in the pancreases of healthy and diabetic subjects. |
| 744 | 16982850 | Therefore, a detailed morphometrical and immunohistochemical study was performed to obtain information on the distribution of cells expressing insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and IAPP in the pancreases of non-diabetic (n=4) and diabetic individuals (n=6). |
| 745 | 16995414 | Endocrine pancreas producing insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide is under the influence of different types of regulation; among them the regulatory role of enteropancreatic axis plays an important role. |
| 746 | 16995414 | Incretin effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is significantly involved in the insulin secretion which is modulated by many other hormones. |
| 747 | 17053790 | We have developed a differentiation process that converts human embryonic stem (hES) cells to endocrine cells capable of synthesizing the pancreatic hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and ghrelin. |
| 748 | 17070774 | Expression and distribution of Gpr119 in the pancreatic islets of mice and rats: predominant localization in pancreatic polypeptide-secreting PP-cells. |
| 749 | 17070774 | Immunohistochemistry and double-immunofluorescence studies using a specific antibody revealed the predominant Gpr119 localization in pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-cells of islets. |
| 750 | 17070774 | Expression and distribution of Gpr119 in the pancreatic islets of mice and rats: predominant localization in pancreatic polypeptide-secreting PP-cells. |
| 751 | 17070774 | Immunohistochemistry and double-immunofluorescence studies using a specific antibody revealed the predominant Gpr119 localization in pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-cells of islets. |
| 752 | 17179205 | Other endocrine cell types (producing somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide) are also found in close association with the bile-duct-derived beta cells, but exocrine pancreatic tissue is not present. |
| 753 | 17229940 | Just before birth, Rfx3(-/-) islets contain considerably less insulin-, glucagon-, and ghrelin-producing cells, whereas pancreatic polypeptide-positive cells are markedly increased in number. |
| 754 | 17325259 | Association studies of BMI and type 2 diabetes in the neuropeptide Y pathway: a possible role for NPY2R as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes in men. |
| 755 | 17325259 | We genotyped a set of 71 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that capture the most common variation in NPY, PPY, PYY, NPY1R, NPY2R, and NPY5R in 2,800 individuals of recent European ancestry drawn from the near extremes of BMI distribution. |
| 756 | 17974412 | [Response of pancreatic polypeptide to a protein rich meal in insulin non dependent diabetes melitus and autonomic neuropathy]. |
| 757 | 17996499 | Expression of HNF-4alpha (MODY1), HNF-1beta (MODY5), and HNF-1alpha (MODY3) proteins in the developing mouse pancreas. |
| 758 | 17996499 | The type 1, 3, and 5 forms of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) are caused by mutations of the genes encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4alpha, HNF-1alpha, and HNF-1beta, respectively [Yamagata, K., Oda, N., Kaisaki, P.J., Menzel, S., Furuta, H., Vaxillaire, M., et al., 1996a. |
| 759 | 17996499 | Mutation in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta gene (TCF2) associated with MODY. |
| 760 | 17996499 | We performed an immunohistochemical study to investigate its expression in comparison with the expression of HNF-1alpha and HNF-1beta. |
| 761 | 17996499 | HNF-4alpha and HNF-1beta were initially expressed by Pdx1(+) common progenitor cells and neurogenin3(+) (Ngn3(+)) endocrine precursor cells during the first transition, but expression of HNF-1beta and either HNF-4alpha or HNF-1alpha became complementary around the end of the second transition (E15.5). |
| 762 | 17996499 | In the mature pancreas, HNF-4alpha was expressed by glucagon-positive alpha-cells, insulin-positive beta-cells, somatostatin-positive delta-cells, and pancreatic polypeptide-positive PP-cells, as well as by pancreatic exocrine cells and ductal cells. |
| 763 | 17996499 | Most of the HNF-4alpha(+) cells were also positive for HNF-1alpha, but HNF-4alpha expression in some non-beta-cells was remarkably high, and this was not paralleled by high HNF-1alpha expression. |
| 764 | 18180315 | Pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), forkhead box transcription factor a2 (Foxa2), glucokinase, pancreatic polypeptide and low-level insulin gene transcription in wild-type AR42J cells were confirmed by RT-PCR. |
| 765 | 18180315 | Culture on Matrigel-coated plates and supplementation of medium with glucagon-like peptide 1 induced expression of the beta-cell Glut 2 with maintained expression of insulin and PDX1. |
| 766 | 18227498 | This review discusses the hormones oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, pancreatic polypeptide, and ghrelin and their emerging potential as anti-obesity treatments. |
| 767 | 18252898 | Leptin does not directly regulate the pancreatic hormones amylin and pancreatic polypeptide: interventional studies in humans. |
| 768 | 18374064 | For LSC, cell preparations (n = 9) were stained for insulin (beta-cells), glucagon (alpha-cells), somatostatin (delta cells), and pancreatic polypeptide (ppp cells). |
| 769 | 18624122 | In response to hyperglycemia, beta-cells release insulin and C-peptide, as well as islet amyloid pancreatic polypeptide - amylin. |
| 770 | 18624122 | Amylin replacement with pramlintide as an adjunct to insulin therapy is a novel physiological approach toward improved long-term glycemic and weight control in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. |
| 771 | 18845907 | MIN6 cells excreted insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and ghrelin. |
| 772 | 18845907 | They expressed mRNAs of insulin I and II, proglucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and ghrelin which were shown in the mouse pancreatic islet core and periphery obtained by LCM. |
| 773 | 18845907 | Glucagon, somatostatin and ghrelin were detectable in the culture medium. |
| 774 | 18998217 | Rosiglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, is an insulin sensitizing agent in peripheral tissues. |
| 775 | 18998217 | There were significant differences in cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cell numbers between rosiglitazone control group and rosiglitazone + STZ-diabetic group. |
| 776 | 18998217 | We found a statistically significant difference in islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) mRNA signals between the STZ-diabetic group and the rosiglitazone + STZ-diabetic group. |
| 777 | 19135250 | However, in addition to insulin/c-peptide, most cells also coexpressed PDX-1 (pancreas duodenum homeobox-1), glucagon, somatostatin or pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 778 | 19521525 | Neurogenin 3 (ngn3) is a basic helix loop helix transcription factor that is transiently expressed in the developing mouse pancreas with peak expression around E15. |
| 779 | 19521525 | Within the pancreas EGFP was localized in close proximity to cells that stained positive for ngn3, insulin, and glucagon, but was absent from regions of the pancreas that stained positive for amylase. |
| 780 | 19521525 | RT/PCR analysis confirmed that the purified cells expressed EGFP, ngn3, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 781 | 19560488 | Gut hormones are key mediators of this information, including: peptide YY (PYY), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin (OXM), ghrelin, amylin and cholecystokinin (CCK). |
| 782 | 20424341 | Peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 and oxyntomodulin suppress appetite, whilst ghrelin increases appetite through afferent vagal fibres to the caudal brainstem or directly to the hypothalamus. |
| 783 | 20585346 | This Review addresses the physiological roles of peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, islet amyloid polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, oxyntomodulin, cholecystokinin and ghrelin and discusses their potential as targets for the development of novel treatments for obesity. |
| 784 | 21099270 | The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor neurogenin-3 (Ngn3, Neurog3) is critical for the development of the endocrine cells of the islets. |
| 785 | 21099270 | The successive waves of Ngn3 expression that occur during the primary and secondary transitions of endocrine cell development temporally determine the four distinct endocrine cell lineages, α, β, PP, and δ cells that express glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin, respectively. |
| 786 | 21189225 | There are several anorectic (appetite suppressing) gut hormones released, including cholecystokinin, glucagon like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 787 | 21251093 | Peptide YY 3-36 and pancreatic polypeptide differentially regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity in mice in vivo as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. |
| 788 | 21251093 | Peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are two appetite suppressing hormones, released post-prandially from the ileum and pancreas, respectively. |
| 789 | 21251093 | PYY(3-36) , the major circulating form of the peptide, is considered to reduce food intake in humans and rodents via high affinity binding to the auto-inhibitory neuropeptide Y receptor Y2R, whereas PP is considered to act through the Y4R. |
| 790 | 21251093 | Peptide YY 3-36 and pancreatic polypeptide differentially regulate hypothalamic neuronal activity in mice in vivo as measured by manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. |
| 791 | 21251093 | Peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are two appetite suppressing hormones, released post-prandially from the ileum and pancreas, respectively. |
| 792 | 21251093 | PYY(3-36) , the major circulating form of the peptide, is considered to reduce food intake in humans and rodents via high affinity binding to the auto-inhibitory neuropeptide Y receptor Y2R, whereas PP is considered to act through the Y4R. |
| 793 | 21289788 | The five clinical classes are: Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM), Type II (non-insulin-dependent, NIDDM), "other types", gestational diabetes (GDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). |
| 794 | 21289788 | Contamination of insulin preparations by other hormones or compounds (e.g. glucagon, pro-insulin, pancreatic polypeptide) is now at a very low level. |
| 795 | 21321094 | Uncoupling protein-2 increases nitric oxide production and TNFAIP3 pathway activation in pancreatic islets. |
| 796 | 21321094 | Proliferation (cyclin D2, Ccnd2) and anti-apoptosis (Tnfaip3) genes had increased expression in Ucp2(-/-) islets, whereas the mRNA of pro-apoptosis genes (Jun, Myc) was reduced. |
| 797 | 21321094 | TNFAIP3 cellular localization was detected in both α- and β-cells of Ucp2(-/-) islets but in neither α- nor β-cells of UCP2(+)(/)(+) islets, where it was detected in pancreatic polypeptide-expressing cells. |
| 798 | 21321094 | Cytokines did not increase NF-κB transactivation or apoptosis in Ucp2(-/-) islets and TNFAIP3 was more strongly induced in Ucp2(-/-) islets. |
| 799 | 21734430 | Hyperglycemia occurs when the amount of insulin produced or administered is insufficient because of unsuppressed hepatic glucose production secondary to a deficiency in pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 800 | 21734430 | Pancreatic polypeptide replacement and islet autotransplantation have potential as new approaches to treating patients with pancreatogenic diabetes after pancreatic resection. and IAP. |
| 801 | 21734430 | Hyperglycemia occurs when the amount of insulin produced or administered is insufficient because of unsuppressed hepatic glucose production secondary to a deficiency in pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 802 | 21734430 | Pancreatic polypeptide replacement and islet autotransplantation have potential as new approaches to treating patients with pancreatogenic diabetes after pancreatic resection. and IAP. |
| 803 | 21782317 | The serum-free protocol developed in this study resulted in the differentiation of cells into definitive endoderm, pancreatic foregut, pancreatic endoderm and, finally, pancreatic endocrine cells, which expressed the marker genes SOX17, PDX1, NGN3, NKX6.1, INS, GCG, and PPY, respectively. |
| 804 | 21782317 | Detection of the expression of the gap junction-related gene connexin-36 (CX36) using RT-PCR provided conclusive evidence for insulin-producing cell differentiation. |
| 805 | 21853126 | No tumors predominantly expressed insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, or somatostatin, although some harbored focal aggregates of tumor cells expressing one of those hormones. |
| 806 | 21917634 | In contrast to NBW subjects, the plasma leptin levels of LBW subjects did not increase, and the plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) as well as pancreatic polypeptide (PP) levels increased less in LBW compared with NBW subjects during HFO. |
| 807 | 21917634 | Reduced increments in response to HFO of fasting plasma leptin, PP, and GIP levels may contribute to insulin resistance, lower satiety, and impaired insulin secretion in LBW subjects. |
| 808 | 21949903 | Cholecystokinin, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, and oxyntomodulin act through distinct yet synergistic mechanisms to suppress appetite, whereas ghrelin stimulates food intake. |
| 809 | 22002691 | Prominent signals were measured that corresponded to all the main peptide hormones present in islet-endocrine cells: (α-cells) glucagon, glicentin-related polypeptide/GRPP; (β-cells) insulin I, insulin II, C-peptide I, C-peptide II, amylin; (δ-cells) somatostatin-14; and (PP-cells), and pancreatic polypeptide. |
| 810 | 22202412 | Total pancreatectomy has many problems such as insulin and pancreatic polypeptide deficiency, hypoglycemia, malabsorption, diarrhea and liver dysfunction. |
| 811 | 22262073 | We consider first neuropeptides in the brain, including the orexigenic neuropeptide Y and melanin-concentrating hormone, and anorectic factors such as the melanocortins, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and neuromedin U. |
| 812 | 22262073 | We subsequently discuss the utility of targeting peripheral gut peptides, including pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, amylin, and the gastric hormone ghrelin. |
| 813 | 22665046 | The majority of human islets from the pancreas head, body and tail regions are composed of insulin-containing β-cells followed by lower proportions of glucagon-containing α-cells and somatostatin-containing δ-cells. |
| 814 | 22665046 | Pancreatic polypeptide-containing PP cells and ghrelin-containing epsilon cells are also present but in small numbers. |
| 815 | 22698919 | BNP inhibited the fasting-induced increase in total and acylated ghrelin concentrations over time (P = 0.043 and P = 0.038, respectively). |
| 816 | 22698919 | There were no significant changes in circulating peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin, pancreatic polypeptide, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations. |
| 817 | 22698919 | In summary, our results demonstrate that BNP exerts anorectic effects and reduces ghrelin concentrations in men. |
| 818 | 23221614 | Vesicular monoamine transporter, type 2 (VMAT2) expression as it compares to insulin and pancreatic polypeptide in the head, body and tail of the human pancreas. |
| 819 | 23221614 | VMAT2 is also present in the pancreas and is expressed by insulin producing β cells, but not by glucagon or somatostatin expressing islet cells. |
| 820 | 23326678 | The endocrine pancreas consists of functional units organized into cell clusters called islets of Langerhans where insulin-producing cells are found in the core and surrounded by glucagon-, somatostatin-, pancreatic polypeptide-, and ghrelin-producing cells. |
| 821 | 23701881 | Fasting (48h) and refeeding (2h)-associated changes in serum ghrelin, insulin, peptide YY, pancreatic polypeptide and leptin, and the concomitant changes in orexigenic or anorexigenic peptide expression in the brainstem and hypothalamus, all apparent in Wistar rats, were absent or markedly reduced in GK rats, with hormone release stimulated by vagal activation, such as ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide, decreased substantially. |