Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: PTPLA

Gene name: protein tyrosine phosphatase-like (proline instead of catalytic arginine), member A

HGNC ID: 9639

Synonyms: CAP

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CTLA4	1 hits
2	GAD1	1 hits
3	GAD2	1 hits
4	IDDM2	1 hits
5	INS	1 hits
6	PTPRN	1 hits
7	PTPRN2	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	7594559	Identification of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA2 (islet cell antigen 512) as the insulin-dependent diabetes-related 37/40K autoantigen and a target of islet-cell antibodies.
2	7594559	The majority of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) have Abs to 40- and/or 37-kDa tryptic fragments (37/40K-Abs) deriving from an unidentified islet cell membrane protein distinct from glutamate decarboxylase (GAD).
3	7594559	Recently, autoantibodies against ICA512, which has identity with the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA2, were reported.
4	7594559	Combined detection of Abs to IA2 and GAD65 in a single radio-binding assay identified Abs in 88 of 100 IDDM patients, and potentially facilitates population screening for IDDM risk assessment.
5	7594559	Identification of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA2 (islet cell antigen 512) as the insulin-dependent diabetes-related 37/40K autoantigen and a target of islet-cell antibodies.
6	7594559	The majority of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) have Abs to 40- and/or 37-kDa tryptic fragments (37/40K-Abs) deriving from an unidentified islet cell membrane protein distinct from glutamate decarboxylase (GAD).
7	7594559	Recently, autoantibodies against ICA512, which has identity with the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA2, were reported.
8	7594559	Combined detection of Abs to IA2 and GAD65 in a single radio-binding assay identified Abs in 88 of 100 IDDM patients, and potentially facilitates population screening for IDDM risk assessment.
9	7657822	Relationship of the 37,000- and 40,000-M(r) tryptic fragments of islet antigens in insulin-dependent diabetes to the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule IA-2 (ICA512).
10	8805677	Autoantibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes recognize distinct cytoplasmic domains of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 autoantigen.
11	8805677	Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 is a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes.
12	8805677	To characterize autoantibody binding to IA-2 and determine whether humoral autoimmunity extends to other tyrosine phosphatases, we analyzed serum reactivity in 100 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes against different in vitro translated portions of the IA-2 protein as well as the tyrosine phosphatase domains of HPTPbeta and HPTPdelta.
13	8805677	No reactivity against the IA-2 ectodomain or the tyrosine phosphatase domains of HPTPbeta and HPTPdelta was found.
14	8805677	These data suggest that the cytoplasmic region, in particular the tyrosine phosphatase-like domain, is the major target of IA-2 Abs in insulin-dependent diabetes, and that autoantibody reactivity is specific for IA-2 or IA-2-like molecules.
15	8805677	Autoantibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes recognize distinct cytoplasmic domains of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 autoantigen.
16	8805677	Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 is a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes.
17	8805677	To characterize autoantibody binding to IA-2 and determine whether humoral autoimmunity extends to other tyrosine phosphatases, we analyzed serum reactivity in 100 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes against different in vitro translated portions of the IA-2 protein as well as the tyrosine phosphatase domains of HPTPbeta and HPTPdelta.
18	8805677	No reactivity against the IA-2 ectodomain or the tyrosine phosphatase domains of HPTPbeta and HPTPdelta was found.
19	8805677	These data suggest that the cytoplasmic region, in particular the tyrosine phosphatase-like domain, is the major target of IA-2 Abs in insulin-dependent diabetes, and that autoantibody reactivity is specific for IA-2 or IA-2-like molecules.
20	8897011	Association of IA-2 autoantibodies with HLA DR4 phenotypes in IDDM.
21	8897011	Insulin, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule IA-2 are major targets of humoral autoimmunity in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
22	8897011	We have previously demonstrated that GAD and IA-2 antibodies potentially identify different subsets of IDDM patients.
23	8897011	The aim of this study was to determine whether GAD and IA-2 autoantibodies were associated with different HLA DR phenotypes.
24	8897011	At disease onset serum was tested for GAD and IA-2 antibodies by immunoprecipitation by in vitro-translated 35S-methionine labelled recombinant proteins.
25	9118776	Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like proteins: link with IDDM.
26	9231650	Islet antigens associated with type 1 diabetes include a recently identified protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule IA-2, which contains the intracellular fragment IA-2ic.
27	9231650	To determine whether combinations of antibodies including those to IA-2 characterize and predict type 1 diabetes, we studied antibodies to IA-2, IA-2ic, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), and islet cell antibodies (ICAs) in 1) 60 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients followed for 1 year, 2) 31 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for type 1 diabetes followed up to 12 years (11 twins developed diabetes), 3) 18 dizygotic twin pairs discordant for type 1 diabetes, and 4) normal healthy control subjects.
28	9231650	Newly diagnosed type 1 diabetic patients frequently had antibodies to IA-2 (62%), IA-2ic (67%), GAD65 (77%), and ICAs (85%).
29	9231650	In summary, IA-2 emerges as a major antigen associated with type 1 diabetes and distinct from GAD65.
30	9439455	Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA2-antibodies plus glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibodies (GADA) indicates autoimmunity as frequently as islet cell antibodies assay in children with recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus.
31	9439455	Islet cell antibodies (ICA), the classical autoimmunity marker for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), are detected in approximately 85% of children with recently diagnosed diabetes.
32	9439455	Now, antibodies against the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA2 (IA2-ab) have been detected in IDDM.
33	9439455	Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA2-antibodies plus glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 antibodies (GADA) indicates autoimmunity as frequently as islet cell antibodies assay in children with recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus.
34	9439455	Islet cell antibodies (ICA), the classical autoimmunity marker for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), are detected in approximately 85% of children with recently diagnosed diabetes.
35	9439455	Now, antibodies against the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA2 (IA2-ab) have been detected in IDDM.
36	9605631	IA-2 and IA-2beta: the immune response in IDDM.
37	9605631	Pancreatic islet cell autoantigens associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) include a recently identified family of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecules, notably IA-2 and IA-2beta.
38	9605631	IA-2 is a 979 amino acid transmembrane protein located on human chromosome 2q35, whereas IA-2beta is 986 amino acids long located on human chromosome 7q36.
39	9605631	Comparison of human IA-2 and IA-2beta showed 74% identity within the intercellular domains, but only 27% indentify within the extracellular domains.
40	9605631	Radioimmunoprecipitation with recombinant IA-2 and IA-2beta has been used to measure autoantibodies to these molecules and their intracellular fragments.
41	9605631	Autoantibodies to IA-2 are detected in the majority (60% to 80%) of newly diagnosed IDDM patients and in less than 2% of controls.
42	9605631	The major antigenic determinants of both IA-2 and IA-2beta reside within the C-terminus of their intracellular domains.
43	9605631	In first-degree relatives of IDDM patients, the presence of autoantibodies to IA-2 is predictive of IDDM and in combination with autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) the positive predictive value is in the 50% range.
44	9605631	The role of IA-2 and IA-2beta in the pathogenesis of IDDM is still unclear.
45	9714834	Recently, there have been several reports describing the cloning and characterization of the novel family of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like receptor molecules (known as IA-2 and PTP-NP/PTP-IAR/IA-2beta/phogrin), which may act as autoantigens in diabetes.
46	10479394	To elucidate the associations of expression of autoantibodies to multiple islet antigens with age of onset and mode of diagnosis of diabetes in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, autoantibodies against the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecules ICA512 (IA-2) and phogrin (IA-2beta) (ICA512/phogrin-A), GAD (GADA), insulin (IAA), and islet cell cytoplasm (ICA) were determined in sera from 73 Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes obtained within 14 days of diagnosis.
47	10479394	The frequency of ICA512/phogrin-A was significantly higher in patients with an age of onset less than 10 years (83%) than in patients aged >10 years (51%, P<0.01).
48	10479394	The positivity of ICA512/phogrin-A was less in patients whose diabetes was diagnosed by the urine glucose screening test (21%, P<0.001) than in abrupt onset patients (71%).
49	10479394	Combined analysis (>/=1 antibody) of GADA, IAA, and ICA512/phogrin-A detected 88% of abrupt onset and 93% of screening-positive patients vs. 70% and 29%, respectively, for ICA (P<0.0005).
50	10479394	These results indicate that the expression of ICA512/phogrin-A and cytoplasmic ICA is less in patients identified by urinary glucose testing but indicate that with combined autoantibody testing 90% of patients can be identified independent of the mode of diagnosis.
51	10677057	The combination of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 antibodies (GADA) and protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA2 antibodies (IA2-ab), measured by radioligand binding assays, has been suggested to replace islet cell antibodies (ICA), measured by indirect immunofluorescence, as a marker for autoimmune type I diabetes.
52	11035111	Human monoclonal antibodies isolated from type I diabetes patients define multiple epitopes in the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 antigen.
53	11035111	Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 autoantigen is one of the major targets of humoral autoimmunity in patients with insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
54	11035111	In an effort to define the epitopes recognized by autoantibodies against IA-2, we generated five human mAbs (hAbs) from peripheral B lymphocytes isolated from patients most of whom had been recently diagnosed for IDDM.
55	11035111	Determination and fine mapping of the critical regions for autoantibody binding was performed by RIA using mutant and chimeric constructs of IA-2- and IA-2beta-regions.
56	11035111	Four of the five IgG autoantibodies recognized distinct epitopes within the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-like domain of IA-2.
57	11035111	Two of these hAbs cross-reacted with the related IA-2beta PTP-like domain (IA-2beta aa 741-1033).
58	11035111	Human monoclonal antibodies isolated from type I diabetes patients define multiple epitopes in the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 antigen.
59	11035111	Protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 autoantigen is one of the major targets of humoral autoimmunity in patients with insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
60	11035111	In an effort to define the epitopes recognized by autoantibodies against IA-2, we generated five human mAbs (hAbs) from peripheral B lymphocytes isolated from patients most of whom had been recently diagnosed for IDDM.
61	11035111	Determination and fine mapping of the critical regions for autoantibody binding was performed by RIA using mutant and chimeric constructs of IA-2- and IA-2beta-regions.
62	11035111	Four of the five IgG autoantibodies recognized distinct epitopes within the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)-like domain of IA-2.
63	11035111	Two of these hAbs cross-reacted with the related IA-2beta PTP-like domain (IA-2beta aa 741-1033).
64	11086294	IDA-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of the diabetic autoantigens IA-2 and phogrin, is expressed in peptidergic neurons in the worm.
65	11086294	The closely related mammalian proteins IA-2 and phogrin are protein tyrosine phosphatase-like receptor proteins spanning the membrane of dense core vesicles of neuroendocrine tissues.
66	11086294	The Caenorhabditis elegans genome has a single copy of an IA-2/phogrin homolog ida-1 III (islet cell diabetic autoantigen), which encodes the ida-1 (B0244.2) gene product as a series of 12 exons over a 10-kb region of chromosome III.
67	11086294	The PTP catalytic site consensus sequence of IDA-1, like IA-2 and phogrin, diverged and would not be active.
68	11086294	In situ experiments in rat brain showing the distribution of IA-2 and phogrin suggested a complimentary and overlapping pattern compared with the proprotein convertases PC1 and PC2.
69	11086294	The results support the hypothesis that C. elegans IDA-1 is the functional homolog of IA-2 and phogrin in mammals.
70	11121550	Novel fusion proteins in the analysis of diabetes-associated autoantibodies to GAD65 and IA-2.
71	11121550	Assays to detect autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule IA-2, which are both present in pancreatic islets, have been used in the diagnosis and prediction of type 1 diabetes.
72	11121550	In this study a novel fusion protein combining the entire GAD65 molecule with the 40 kDa intracellular domain of IA-2 (GAD-IA-2) was constructed to detect autoantibodies to both antigens by one single assay.
73	11121550	For the same purpose a truncated version of this fusion protein which contained the entire GAD65 linked to the 203 carboxy-terminal amino acids of IA-2 (GAD-dIA-2) was made.
74	11121550	A panel of 34 diabetic sera which represented unequivocally positive or negative antibody responses to GAD65 and/or IA-2 as well as 20 serum samples from healthy controls were tested in a radioligand binding assay with the constructed fusion proteins as antigens.
75	11121550	Nine of the samples from patients with type 1 diabetes reacted with GAD65 while being negative for IA-2.
76	11121550	The full-length, as well as the truncated fusion protein detected all samples positive for antibodies either to GAD65 or IA-2 or both, except for one GAD65 antibody positive sample.
77	11121550	We conclude that the principle of a combinatorial molecule where a fusion protein expresses both GAD65 and IA-2 epitopes is feasible, and such a fusion protein can be used instead of the single antigens to reduce time and costs of large-scale screening for clinical purposes.
78	11373323	Expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 during pancreatic islet development.
79	11373323	To investigate the potential involvement of IA-2 in islet differentiation and insulin secretion, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry expression of IA-2 during islet development in fetal rats and during the maturation of insulin secretory responses after birth.
80	11373323	In the fetus, IA-2 immunoreactivity was detected in primitive islets positive for insulin and glucagon at 12 days' gestation.
81	11373323	Islet IA-2 expression reappears after birth concomitant with the development of mature insulin secretory responses, consistent with a role for this protein in regulated hormone secretion.
82	11488637	Expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule ICA512/IA-2 induces growth arrest in yeast cells and transfected mammalian cell lines.
83	11488637	In investigations on apoptosis, expression of ICA512/IA-2 in yeast cells caused loss of plasma membrane asymmetry, but not release of cytochrome c from mitochondria which did occur in a control system after expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bax.
84	11600216	The disease is characterized by loss of tolerance to auto-antigens such as GAD, insulin, and the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule, IA-2.
85	11600216	We identified T cell epitopes on the intracytoplasmic region of IA-2 by immunizing DQ8/NOD, DQ8/B10, and NOD mice with overlapping 18 mer peptides in CFA.
86	11600216	We demonstrated MHC class II and CD4 restriction of proliferative responses using appropriate blocking antibodies.
87	12017227	To evaluate the frequency of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (IA-2), and insulin (IAA) in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), we studied 37 children and adolescents whose type 2 DM was defined by fasting and 90-min standard liquid meal-stimulated serum C-peptide levels of >0.2 and >0.5 nmol/l (0.7 and 1.5 ng/ml), respectively.
88	12017227	Eleven out of 37 patients (29.7%) were positive for at least one autoantibody: 8.1% (n = 3) had positive GAD, 8.1% (n = 3) had positive IA-2, and 27% (n = 10) had positive IAA.
89	12017227	Three of the 10 IAA-positive patients were also positive for GAD or IA-2.
90	12017227	Therefore, GAD and IA-2 were considered primary autoimmune markers.
91	12017227	Four out of 37 patients (10.8%) were positive for GAD (n = 3) or IA-2 (n = 3) or both (n = 2).
92	12031972	Targeted disruption of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule IA-2 results in alterations in glucose tolerance tests and insulin secretion.
93	12031972	Glucose tolerance tests, however, revealed statistically significant elevation of glucose in both male and female IA-2(-/-) mice and depressed insulin release.
94	12031972	We concluded that IA-2 is involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
95	12765988	Detection of autoantibodies to protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 with a novel time-resolved fluorimetric assay.
96	14747289	Family history of type 1 diabetes and autoantibodies to the islet antigens insulin (IAA), glutamate decarboxylase (GADA), and the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2 (IA-2A) are strong predictors of type 1 diabetes, but the rate of progression to diabetes in multiple islet autoantibody-positive relatives varies widely.
97	14747289	The highest risks were associated with high-titer IA-2A and IAA, IgG2, IgG3, and/or IgG4 subclass of IA-2A and IAA, and antibodies to the IA-2-related molecule IA-2beta.
98	15240119	Autoantibodies against IA-2, GAD, and topoisomerase II in type 1 diabetic patients.
99	15240119	Eighty percent of the IA-2A recognized the carboxyl terminus of the IA-2 protein tyrosine phosphatase-like domain.
100	15826925	Autoantibodies against islet antigens such as insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecule IA-2 are found in most patients with type 1 diabetes and are now established markers for the clinical diagnosis and the preclinical phase of this disease.
101	15829408	Absence of avidity maturation of autoantibodies to the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 molecule and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) during progression to type 1 diabetes.
102	15829408	To assess whether the analysis of the avidity of autoantibodies against the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 molecule and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) could improve the accuracy of risk assessment of progression to clinical type 1 diabetes, we established methods for the determination of the autoantibody avidity based on our previously developed time-resolved fluorometric IA-2 and GAD65 autoantibody (IA-2A and GADA) assays.
103	15829408	Absence of avidity maturation of autoantibodies to the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 molecule and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) during progression to type 1 diabetes.
104	15829408	To assess whether the analysis of the avidity of autoantibodies against the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like IA-2 molecule and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) could improve the accuracy of risk assessment of progression to clinical type 1 diabetes, we established methods for the determination of the autoantibody avidity based on our previously developed time-resolved fluorometric IA-2 and GAD65 autoantibody (IA-2A and GADA) assays.
105	16442659	Higher prevalence of autoantibodies to insulin and GAD65 in Swedish compared to Lithuanian children with type 1 diabetes.
106	16442659	We analyzed autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and the protein tyrosine phosphatase like IA-2 (IA-2A) as well as risk-associated polymorphisms of HLA, insulin and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) genes.
107	16442659	The differences remained even when the patients were matched for HLA, insulin and CTLA-4 risk genotypes.
108	16442659	Our results suggest that autoimmune process against insulin and GAD(65) is more common at diagnosis in children in areas with high incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D), independent of genetic risk markers.
109	19120305	These results emphasize the heterogeneity of humoral autoimmunity to protein tyrosine phosphatase-like molecules, but not to GAD, in patients with type 1 diabetes.
110	22893260	FP eluates were tested using both single and combined assay for antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and/or to the protein tyrosine phosphatase like IA-2 (IA-2A), and a single assay for antibodies to insulin (IAA).
111	22893260	The GADA and IA-2A were measured by radio-binding assays, which utilize 35S-labeled GAD65 and IA-2.