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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
10637371
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Retinoid medicinal chemistry in recent years has identified ligands highly specific for one of the three RAR subtypes (RAR-alpha) and for the RXR family of receptors, as well as antagonists for the RARs, RARalpha and the RXRs.
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2 |
10993727
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Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha (HNF4alpha) (NR2A1), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, binds DNA exclusively as a homodimer even though it is very similar in amino acid sequence to retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), which heterodimerizes readily with other receptors.
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3 |
10993727
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When K300 (in helix 9) and E327 (in helix 10) of HNF4alpha1 were converted to the analogous residues in RXRalpha (E390 and K417, respectively) the resulting construct did not heterodimerize with the wild-type HNF4alpha, although it was still able to form homodimers and bind DNA.
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4 |
10993727
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Furthermore, the double mutant did not heterodimerize with RXR or RAR but was still able to dimerize in solution with an HNF4alpha construct truncated at amino acid residue 268.
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5 |
11228749
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For this, oxidant stress was generated by preincubation of rat aortic rings (RARs) in either 25 mM glucose (mimicking hyperglycemic stress) or 0.5 mM pyrogallol (a superoxide generator) and the effects of the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mimetic compound 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy free radical (TEMPOL) on the vasorelaxant and cGMP-producing effects of acetylcholine (ACh) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in control RARs and RARs exposed to oxidant stress were examined.
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6 |
21071580
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Malfunctioning of retinoid X receptor (RXR) α due to phosphorylation by Ras/MAPK also plays a critical role in liver carcinogenesis.
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7 |
21071580
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ACR markedly inhibited the activation of Ras and phosphorylation of the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and RXRα proteins in the livers of experimental mice.
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8 |
21071580
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It also increased the expression of RAR β and p21(CIP1) mRNA while decreasing the expression of cyclin D1, c-Fos, and c-Jun mRNA in the liver, thereby restoring RXRα function.
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9 |
21071580
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The serum levels of TNF-α and the expression levels of TNF- α, IL-6, and IL-1 β mRNA in the livers of DEN-treated db/db mice were decreased by ACR treatment, suggesting attenuation of the chronic inflammation induced by excessive fatty deposits.
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