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Gene Information

Gene symbol: RBP4

Gene name: retinol binding protein 4, plasma

HGNC ID: 9922

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ADCY6	1 hits
2	ADIPOQ	1 hits
3	AHSG	1 hits
4	AKT1	1 hits
5	APLN	1 hits
6	APOA1	1 hits
7	APOD	1 hits
8	APOE	1 hits
9	APP	1 hits
10	AR	1 hits
11	CCL2	1 hits
12	CD59	1 hits
13	CFD	1 hits
14	CLU	1 hits
15	CRP	1 hits
16	CST3	1 hits
17	CTSB	1 hits
18	DPP4	1 hits
19	FABP4	1 hits
20	FGF21	1 hits
21	GGT1	1 hits
22	GHRL	1 hits
23	GPT	1 hits
24	HBB	1 hits
25	ICAM1	1 hits
26	IGF1	1 hits
27	IGFBP3	1 hits
28	IL18	1 hits
29	IL6	1 hits
30	INS	1 hits
31	INSR	1 hits
32	IRS1	1 hits
33	ITLN1	1 hits
34	JAK2	1 hits
35	JUN	1 hits
36	LCN2	1 hits
37	LEP	1 hits
38	LPAL2	1 hits
39	MAPK1	1 hits
40	MAPK10	1 hits
41	MAPK14	1 hits
42	MAPK3	1 hits
43	MAPK8	1 hits
44	NAMPT	1 hits
45	NFKB1	1 hits
46	NOX5	1 hits
47	OPRD1	1 hits
48	PCK2	1 hits
49	PIK3CA	1 hits
50	PPP1R13B	1 hits
51	PRDX1	1 hits
52	PSEN1	1 hits
53	PSMB1	1 hits
54	PTGDS	1 hits
55	PTPN1	1 hits
56	RARA	1 hits
57	RARRES2	1 hits
58	RBP1	1 hits
59	RENBP	1 hits
60	RETN	1 hits
61	SAT1	1 hits
62	SERPINA12	1 hits
63	SERPINE1	1 hits
64	SHBG	1 hits
65	SLC2A4	1 hits
66	STAT5A	1 hits
67	STRA6	1 hits
68	TCF7	1 hits
69	TCF7L2	1 hits
70	TF	1 hits
71	TLR4	1 hits
72	TNF	1 hits
73	TSHB	1 hits
74	TTR	1 hits
75	VCAM1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	16034410	Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
2	16034410	Adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout (adipose-Glut4(-/-)) mice show insulin resistance secondarily in muscle and liver.
3	16034410	We show that serum RBP4 levels are elevated in insulin-resistant mice and humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
4	16034410	RBP4 levels are normalized by rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug.
5	16034410	Transgenic overexpression of human RBP4 or injection of recombinant RBP4 in normal mice causes insulin resistance.
6	16034410	Conversely, genetic deletion of Rbp4 enhances insulin sensitivity.
7	16034410	Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid that increases urinary excretion of RBP4, normalizes serum RBP4 levels and improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
8	16034410	Increasing serum RBP4 induces hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and impairs insulin signalling in muscle.
9	16034410	Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
10	16034410	Adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout (adipose-Glut4(-/-)) mice show insulin resistance secondarily in muscle and liver.
11	16034410	We show that serum RBP4 levels are elevated in insulin-resistant mice and humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
12	16034410	RBP4 levels are normalized by rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug.
13	16034410	Transgenic overexpression of human RBP4 or injection of recombinant RBP4 in normal mice causes insulin resistance.
14	16034410	Conversely, genetic deletion of Rbp4 enhances insulin sensitivity.
15	16034410	Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid that increases urinary excretion of RBP4, normalizes serum RBP4 levels and improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
16	16034410	Increasing serum RBP4 induces hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and impairs insulin signalling in muscle.
17	16034410	Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
18	16034410	Adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout (adipose-Glut4(-/-)) mice show insulin resistance secondarily in muscle and liver.
19	16034410	We show that serum RBP4 levels are elevated in insulin-resistant mice and humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
20	16034410	RBP4 levels are normalized by rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug.
21	16034410	Transgenic overexpression of human RBP4 or injection of recombinant RBP4 in normal mice causes insulin resistance.
22	16034410	Conversely, genetic deletion of Rbp4 enhances insulin sensitivity.
23	16034410	Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid that increases urinary excretion of RBP4, normalizes serum RBP4 levels and improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
24	16034410	Increasing serum RBP4 induces hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and impairs insulin signalling in muscle.
25	16034410	Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
26	16034410	Adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout (adipose-Glut4(-/-)) mice show insulin resistance secondarily in muscle and liver.
27	16034410	We show that serum RBP4 levels are elevated in insulin-resistant mice and humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
28	16034410	RBP4 levels are normalized by rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug.
29	16034410	Transgenic overexpression of human RBP4 or injection of recombinant RBP4 in normal mice causes insulin resistance.
30	16034410	Conversely, genetic deletion of Rbp4 enhances insulin sensitivity.
31	16034410	Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid that increases urinary excretion of RBP4, normalizes serum RBP4 levels and improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
32	16034410	Increasing serum RBP4 induces hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and impairs insulin signalling in muscle.
33	16034410	Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
34	16034410	Adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout (adipose-Glut4(-/-)) mice show insulin resistance secondarily in muscle and liver.
35	16034410	We show that serum RBP4 levels are elevated in insulin-resistant mice and humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
36	16034410	RBP4 levels are normalized by rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug.
37	16034410	Transgenic overexpression of human RBP4 or injection of recombinant RBP4 in normal mice causes insulin resistance.
38	16034410	Conversely, genetic deletion of Rbp4 enhances insulin sensitivity.
39	16034410	Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid that increases urinary excretion of RBP4, normalizes serum RBP4 levels and improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
40	16034410	Increasing serum RBP4 induces hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and impairs insulin signalling in muscle.
41	16034410	Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
42	16034410	Adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout (adipose-Glut4(-/-)) mice show insulin resistance secondarily in muscle and liver.
43	16034410	We show that serum RBP4 levels are elevated in insulin-resistant mice and humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
44	16034410	RBP4 levels are normalized by rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug.
45	16034410	Transgenic overexpression of human RBP4 or injection of recombinant RBP4 in normal mice causes insulin resistance.
46	16034410	Conversely, genetic deletion of Rbp4 enhances insulin sensitivity.
47	16034410	Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid that increases urinary excretion of RBP4, normalizes serum RBP4 levels and improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
48	16034410	Increasing serum RBP4 induces hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and impairs insulin signalling in muscle.
49	16034410	Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
50	16034410	Adipose-specific Glut4 (also known as Slc2a4) knockout (adipose-Glut4(-/-)) mice show insulin resistance secondarily in muscle and liver.
51	16034410	We show that serum RBP4 levels are elevated in insulin-resistant mice and humans with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
52	16034410	RBP4 levels are normalized by rosiglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing drug.
53	16034410	Transgenic overexpression of human RBP4 or injection of recombinant RBP4 in normal mice causes insulin resistance.
54	16034410	Conversely, genetic deletion of Rbp4 enhances insulin sensitivity.
55	16034410	Fenretinide, a synthetic retinoid that increases urinary excretion of RBP4, normalizes serum RBP4 levels and improves insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet.
56	16034410	Increasing serum RBP4 induces hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and impairs insulin signalling in muscle.
57	16775236	Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in lean, obese, and diabetic subjects.
58	16775241	Retinol-binding protein 4, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
59	17003346	RBP4 was positively correlated with GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue, independent of any obesity-associated variable.
60	17005964	Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance.
61	17006670	Increased levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in serum is associated with insulin resistance.
62	17014043	Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance.
63	17014044	Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance.
64	17174134	Serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) was recently described as a new adipokine that reduced peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis.
65	17174134	Hence, sequence variants that alter RBP4 expression or function could increase T2DM susceptibility and reduce insulin sensitivity.
66	17174134	Serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) was recently described as a new adipokine that reduced peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis.
67	17174134	Hence, sequence variants that alter RBP4 expression or function could increase T2DM susceptibility and reduce insulin sensitivity.
68	17235334	Effect of rosiglitazone on visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 plasma concentrations in HIV-positive patients.
69	17235334	The novel adipocytokines visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) have been proposed to influence the development of impaired glucose tolerance.
70	17235334	Fasting visfatin, RBP-4, leptin, and adiponectin plasma concentrations were analyzed by immunoassays.
71	17235334	Rosiglitazone had no effect on impaired insulin sensitivity, but increased median plasma visfatin from 6.2 ng/ml (95% CI: 5.9; 6.5) to 13.7 ng/ml (12.6; 19.1) (P<0.001) and adiponectin from 3.2 ng/ml (2.2; 4.0) to 4.0 ng/ml (3.3; 8.5; P<0.001).
72	17235334	RBP-4 was lowered from 21.0 ng/ml (19.6; 23.1) to 16.3 ng/ml (15.2; 17.0; P<0.001), and leptin concentrations were unchanged.
73	17235334	Changes in visfatin and RBP-4 were correlated in subjects receiving rosiglitazone (r=-0.64, P<0.01) but not placebo (r=0.12, P=0.15).
74	17235334	Reductions in RBP-4 and increases in visfatin may contribute to the pharmacodynamic action of TZD on glucose homeostasis.
75	17235334	Effect of rosiglitazone on visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 plasma concentrations in HIV-positive patients.
76	17235334	The novel adipocytokines visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) have been proposed to influence the development of impaired glucose tolerance.
77	17235334	Fasting visfatin, RBP-4, leptin, and adiponectin plasma concentrations were analyzed by immunoassays.
78	17235334	Rosiglitazone had no effect on impaired insulin sensitivity, but increased median plasma visfatin from 6.2 ng/ml (95% CI: 5.9; 6.5) to 13.7 ng/ml (12.6; 19.1) (P<0.001) and adiponectin from 3.2 ng/ml (2.2; 4.0) to 4.0 ng/ml (3.3; 8.5; P<0.001).
79	17235334	RBP-4 was lowered from 21.0 ng/ml (19.6; 23.1) to 16.3 ng/ml (15.2; 17.0; P<0.001), and leptin concentrations were unchanged.
80	17235334	Changes in visfatin and RBP-4 were correlated in subjects receiving rosiglitazone (r=-0.64, P<0.01) but not placebo (r=0.12, P=0.15).
81	17235334	Reductions in RBP-4 and increases in visfatin may contribute to the pharmacodynamic action of TZD on glucose homeostasis.
82	17235334	Effect of rosiglitazone on visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 plasma concentrations in HIV-positive patients.
83	17235334	The novel adipocytokines visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) have been proposed to influence the development of impaired glucose tolerance.
84	17235334	Fasting visfatin, RBP-4, leptin, and adiponectin plasma concentrations were analyzed by immunoassays.
85	17235334	Rosiglitazone had no effect on impaired insulin sensitivity, but increased median plasma visfatin from 6.2 ng/ml (95% CI: 5.9; 6.5) to 13.7 ng/ml (12.6; 19.1) (P<0.001) and adiponectin from 3.2 ng/ml (2.2; 4.0) to 4.0 ng/ml (3.3; 8.5; P<0.001).
86	17235334	RBP-4 was lowered from 21.0 ng/ml (19.6; 23.1) to 16.3 ng/ml (15.2; 17.0; P<0.001), and leptin concentrations were unchanged.
87	17235334	Changes in visfatin and RBP-4 were correlated in subjects receiving rosiglitazone (r=-0.64, P<0.01) but not placebo (r=0.12, P=0.15).
88	17235334	Reductions in RBP-4 and increases in visfatin may contribute to the pharmacodynamic action of TZD on glucose homeostasis.
89	17235334	Effect of rosiglitazone on visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 plasma concentrations in HIV-positive patients.
90	17235334	The novel adipocytokines visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) have been proposed to influence the development of impaired glucose tolerance.
91	17235334	Fasting visfatin, RBP-4, leptin, and adiponectin plasma concentrations were analyzed by immunoassays.
92	17235334	Rosiglitazone had no effect on impaired insulin sensitivity, but increased median plasma visfatin from 6.2 ng/ml (95% CI: 5.9; 6.5) to 13.7 ng/ml (12.6; 19.1) (P<0.001) and adiponectin from 3.2 ng/ml (2.2; 4.0) to 4.0 ng/ml (3.3; 8.5; P<0.001).
93	17235334	RBP-4 was lowered from 21.0 ng/ml (19.6; 23.1) to 16.3 ng/ml (15.2; 17.0; P<0.001), and leptin concentrations were unchanged.
94	17235334	Changes in visfatin and RBP-4 were correlated in subjects receiving rosiglitazone (r=-0.64, P<0.01) but not placebo (r=0.12, P=0.15).
95	17235334	Reductions in RBP-4 and increases in visfatin may contribute to the pharmacodynamic action of TZD on glucose homeostasis.
96	17235334	Effect of rosiglitazone on visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 plasma concentrations in HIV-positive patients.
97	17235334	The novel adipocytokines visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) have been proposed to influence the development of impaired glucose tolerance.
98	17235334	Fasting visfatin, RBP-4, leptin, and adiponectin plasma concentrations were analyzed by immunoassays.
99	17235334	Rosiglitazone had no effect on impaired insulin sensitivity, but increased median plasma visfatin from 6.2 ng/ml (95% CI: 5.9; 6.5) to 13.7 ng/ml (12.6; 19.1) (P<0.001) and adiponectin from 3.2 ng/ml (2.2; 4.0) to 4.0 ng/ml (3.3; 8.5; P<0.001).
100	17235334	RBP-4 was lowered from 21.0 ng/ml (19.6; 23.1) to 16.3 ng/ml (15.2; 17.0; P<0.001), and leptin concentrations were unchanged.
101	17235334	Changes in visfatin and RBP-4 were correlated in subjects receiving rosiglitazone (r=-0.64, P<0.01) but not placebo (r=0.12, P=0.15).
102	17235334	Reductions in RBP-4 and increases in visfatin may contribute to the pharmacodynamic action of TZD on glucose homeostasis.
103	17235334	Effect of rosiglitazone on visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 plasma concentrations in HIV-positive patients.
104	17235334	The novel adipocytokines visfatin and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) have been proposed to influence the development of impaired glucose tolerance.
105	17235334	Fasting visfatin, RBP-4, leptin, and adiponectin plasma concentrations were analyzed by immunoassays.
106	17235334	Rosiglitazone had no effect on impaired insulin sensitivity, but increased median plasma visfatin from 6.2 ng/ml (95% CI: 5.9; 6.5) to 13.7 ng/ml (12.6; 19.1) (P<0.001) and adiponectin from 3.2 ng/ml (2.2; 4.0) to 4.0 ng/ml (3.3; 8.5; P<0.001).
107	17235334	RBP-4 was lowered from 21.0 ng/ml (19.6; 23.1) to 16.3 ng/ml (15.2; 17.0; P<0.001), and leptin concentrations were unchanged.
108	17235334	Changes in visfatin and RBP-4 were correlated in subjects receiving rosiglitazone (r=-0.64, P<0.01) but not placebo (r=0.12, P=0.15).
109	17235334	Reductions in RBP-4 and increases in visfatin may contribute to the pharmacodynamic action of TZD on glucose homeostasis.
110	17250818	Serum retinol binding protein 4 levels are associated with serum adiponectin levels in non-diabetic, non-obese subjects with hypercholesterolemia.
111	17294166	Shortcomings in methodology complicate measurements of serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) in insulin-resistant human subjects.
112	17299074	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance and body fat distribution in nonobese subjects without type 2 diabetes.
113	17331067	Some genes that have become accepted as contributors to diabetes risk include: calpain 10, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, ATP-sensitive inwardly rectifying potassium channel subunit Kir6.2, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha and hepatic transcription factor 1.
114	17331067	In particular, we highlight recent reports of associations between Type 2 diabetes and the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene, associations with micro-opioid receptor and supressor of cytokine signaling 2 genes, and expression and functional analyses of adipokines vaspin and retinol binding protein 4.
115	17337499	Insulin resistance in liver cirrhosis is not associated with circulating retinol-binding protein 4.
116	17566551	It was found to be accompanied by down-regulation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4.
117	17566551	Decreased adipocyte GLUT4 caused secretion by adipocytes of the serum retinol-binding protein RBP4.
118	17566551	Enhanced levels of serum RBP4 appeared to be the signal for the development of systemic insulin resistance both in experimental animals and in humans.
119	17566551	In mice, increased levels of serum RBP4 led to impaired glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and increased glucose production by liver, whereas lowered serum RBP4 levels greatly enhanced insulin sensitivity.
120	17566551	Thus, a link has been established between obesity and insulin resistance: RBP4, the vitamin A-transport protein secreted into the circulation by adipocytes.
121	17566551	It was found to be accompanied by down-regulation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4.
122	17566551	Decreased adipocyte GLUT4 caused secretion by adipocytes of the serum retinol-binding protein RBP4.
123	17566551	Enhanced levels of serum RBP4 appeared to be the signal for the development of systemic insulin resistance both in experimental animals and in humans.
124	17566551	In mice, increased levels of serum RBP4 led to impaired glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and increased glucose production by liver, whereas lowered serum RBP4 levels greatly enhanced insulin sensitivity.
125	17566551	Thus, a link has been established between obesity and insulin resistance: RBP4, the vitamin A-transport protein secreted into the circulation by adipocytes.
126	17566551	It was found to be accompanied by down-regulation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4.
127	17566551	Decreased adipocyte GLUT4 caused secretion by adipocytes of the serum retinol-binding protein RBP4.
128	17566551	Enhanced levels of serum RBP4 appeared to be the signal for the development of systemic insulin resistance both in experimental animals and in humans.
129	17566551	In mice, increased levels of serum RBP4 led to impaired glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and increased glucose production by liver, whereas lowered serum RBP4 levels greatly enhanced insulin sensitivity.
130	17566551	Thus, a link has been established between obesity and insulin resistance: RBP4, the vitamin A-transport protein secreted into the circulation by adipocytes.
131	17566551	It was found to be accompanied by down-regulation of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4.
132	17566551	Decreased adipocyte GLUT4 caused secretion by adipocytes of the serum retinol-binding protein RBP4.
133	17566551	Enhanced levels of serum RBP4 appeared to be the signal for the development of systemic insulin resistance both in experimental animals and in humans.
134	17566551	In mice, increased levels of serum RBP4 led to impaired glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and increased glucose production by liver, whereas lowered serum RBP4 levels greatly enhanced insulin sensitivity.
135	17566551	Thus, a link has been established between obesity and insulin resistance: RBP4, the vitamin A-transport protein secreted into the circulation by adipocytes.
136	17568782	Plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) may be a new adipokine linked to obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
137	17568782	The higher plasma levels of the binding protein in subjects with microalbuminuria were accompanied by both significantly elevated plasma TTR and increased urinary levels of RBP4.
138	17568782	Therefore, further studies evaluating RBP4 as a regulator of systemic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes will need to take renal function into consideration.
139	17568782	Plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) may be a new adipokine linked to obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
140	17568782	The higher plasma levels of the binding protein in subjects with microalbuminuria were accompanied by both significantly elevated plasma TTR and increased urinary levels of RBP4.
141	17568782	Therefore, further studies evaluating RBP4 as a regulator of systemic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes will need to take renal function into consideration.
142	17568782	Plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) may be a new adipokine linked to obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
143	17568782	The higher plasma levels of the binding protein in subjects with microalbuminuria were accompanied by both significantly elevated plasma TTR and increased urinary levels of RBP4.
144	17568782	Therefore, further studies evaluating RBP4 as a regulator of systemic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes will need to take renal function into consideration.
145	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
146	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
147	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
148	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
149	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
150	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
151	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
152	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
153	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
154	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
155	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
156	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
157	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
158	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
159	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
160	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
161	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
162	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
163	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
164	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
165	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
166	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
167	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
168	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
169	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
170	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
171	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
172	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
173	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
174	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
175	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
176	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
177	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
178	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
179	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
180	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
181	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
182	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
183	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
184	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
185	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
186	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
187	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
188	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
189	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
190	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
191	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
192	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
193	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
194	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
195	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
196	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
197	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
198	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
199	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
200	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
201	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
202	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
203	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
204	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
205	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
206	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
207	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
208	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
209	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
210	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
211	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
212	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
213	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
214	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
215	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
216	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
217	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
218	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
219	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
220	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
221	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
222	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
223	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
224	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
225	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
226	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
227	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
228	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
229	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
230	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
231	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
232	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
233	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
234	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
235	17575262	Retinol-binding protein-4 attenuates insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 and ERK1/2 in primary human adipocytes.
236	17575262	Animal models and patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit elevated levels of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP4), and RBP4 can induce insulin resistance in mice.
237	17575262	However, little is known about how RBP4 affects insulin signaling.
238	17575262	RBP4-treated adipocytes exhibited the same molecular defects in insulin signaling, via IRS1 to MAP kinase, as in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.
239	17575262	Without affecting autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor, RBP4 blocked the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) [corresponding to serine (302) in the murine sequence] and concomitantly increased the EC50 (from 0.5 to 2 nM) for insulin stimulation of IRS1 phosphorylation at tyrosine.
240	17575262	The phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (312) [corresponding to serine (307) in the murine sequence] was not affected in cells from diabetic patients and was also not affected by RBP4.
241	17575262	The EC50 for insulin stimulation of downstream phosphorylation of MAP kinase ERK1/2 was increased (from 0.2 to 0.8 nM) by RBP4.
242	17575262	However, the sensitivity to insulin for downstream signaling to control of protein kinase B and glucose uptake was not affected by RBP4.
243	17575262	When insulin-resistant adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated with antibodies against RBP4, insulin-induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307) was normalized and the EC50 for insulin stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was reduced.
244	17575262	These findings indicate that RBP4 may be released from diabetic adipocytes and act locally to inhibit phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine (307), a phosphorylation site that may integrate nutrient sensing with insulin signaling.
245	17618858	In obese subjects, serum RBP4 was increased 2- to 3-fold, and serum transthyretin, which stabilizes RBP4 in the circulation, was increased 35%.
246	17618858	Serum RBP4 correlated positively with adipose RBP4 mRNA and intra-abdominal fat mass and inversely with insulin sensitivity, independently of age, gender, and body mass index.
247	17618858	RBP4 mRNA correlated inversely with GLUT4 mRNA in Vis fat and positively with adipocyte size in both depots.
248	17618858	RBP4 levels are therefore linked to Vis adiposity, and Vis fat may be a major source of RBP4 in insulin-resistant states.
249	17618858	In obese subjects, serum RBP4 was increased 2- to 3-fold, and serum transthyretin, which stabilizes RBP4 in the circulation, was increased 35%.
250	17618858	Serum RBP4 correlated positively with adipose RBP4 mRNA and intra-abdominal fat mass and inversely with insulin sensitivity, independently of age, gender, and body mass index.
251	17618858	RBP4 mRNA correlated inversely with GLUT4 mRNA in Vis fat and positively with adipocyte size in both depots.
252	17618858	RBP4 levels are therefore linked to Vis adiposity, and Vis fat may be a major source of RBP4 in insulin-resistant states.
253	17618858	In obese subjects, serum RBP4 was increased 2- to 3-fold, and serum transthyretin, which stabilizes RBP4 in the circulation, was increased 35%.
254	17618858	Serum RBP4 correlated positively with adipose RBP4 mRNA and intra-abdominal fat mass and inversely with insulin sensitivity, independently of age, gender, and body mass index.
255	17618858	RBP4 mRNA correlated inversely with GLUT4 mRNA in Vis fat and positively with adipocyte size in both depots.
256	17618858	RBP4 levels are therefore linked to Vis adiposity, and Vis fat may be a major source of RBP4 in insulin-resistant states.
257	17618858	In obese subjects, serum RBP4 was increased 2- to 3-fold, and serum transthyretin, which stabilizes RBP4 in the circulation, was increased 35%.
258	17618858	Serum RBP4 correlated positively with adipose RBP4 mRNA and intra-abdominal fat mass and inversely with insulin sensitivity, independently of age, gender, and body mass index.
259	17618858	RBP4 mRNA correlated inversely with GLUT4 mRNA in Vis fat and positively with adipocyte size in both depots.
260	17618858	RBP4 levels are therefore linked to Vis adiposity, and Vis fat may be a major source of RBP4 in insulin-resistant states.
261	17639305	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome, but not with insulin resistance, in men with type 2 diabetes or coronary artery disease.
262	17661007	Regulation of retinol binding protein 4 production in primary human adipocytes by adiponectin, troglitazone and TNF-alpha.
263	17686833	Effect of weight loss on LDL and HDL kinetics in the metabolic syndrome: associations with changes in plasma retinol-binding protein-4 and adiponectin levels.
264	17728376	Effects of genetic variation in the human retinol binding protein-4 gene (RBP4) on insulin resistance and fat depot-specific mRNA expression.
265	17855276	Circulating retinol-binding protein-4, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and insulin disposition index in obese and nonobese subjects: response to Broch et al.
266	17869225	Cyanidin 3-glucoside ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity due to downregulation of retinol binding protein 4 expression in diabetic mice.
267	17869225	In this study, we have demonstrated that anthocyanin (cyanidin 3-glucoside; C3G) which is a pigment widespread in the plant kingdom, ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity due to the reduction of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) expression in type 2 diabetic mice.
268	17869225	C3G significantly upregulated the glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and downregulated RBP4 in the white adipose tissue, which is accompanied by downregulation of the inflammatory adipocytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in the white adipose tissue of the C3G group.
269	17869225	Cyanidin 3-glucoside ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity due to downregulation of retinol binding protein 4 expression in diabetic mice.
270	17869225	In this study, we have demonstrated that anthocyanin (cyanidin 3-glucoside; C3G) which is a pigment widespread in the plant kingdom, ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity due to the reduction of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) expression in type 2 diabetic mice.
271	17869225	C3G significantly upregulated the glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and downregulated RBP4 in the white adipose tissue, which is accompanied by downregulation of the inflammatory adipocytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) in the white adipose tissue of the C3G group.
272	17884455	Both ectopic fat accumulation and changes of the amount of several adipocyte secreting proteins (adipokines) are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
273	17884455	The serum concentrations of adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
274	17884455	Pioglitazone treatment also resulted in a marked increase in serum adiponectin concentration (5.6 +/- 4.1 vs 16.2 +/- 9.9 microg/mL, P < .0001) and a small but significant decrease in serum retinol binding protein 4 concentration (73.4 +/- 25.1 vs 65.1 +/- 23.7 microg/mL, P < .05).
275	17884455	Both ectopic fat accumulation and changes of the amount of several adipocyte secreting proteins (adipokines) are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
276	17884455	The serum concentrations of adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 were also determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
277	17884455	Pioglitazone treatment also resulted in a marked increase in serum adiponectin concentration (5.6 +/- 4.1 vs 16.2 +/- 9.9 microg/mL, P < .0001) and a small but significant decrease in serum retinol binding protein 4 concentration (73.4 +/- 25.1 vs 65.1 +/- 23.7 microg/mL, P < .05).
278	17904683	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a protein secreted by adipocytes, and closely associated with insulin resistance.
279	17904683	Serum RBP4 and adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 52 diabetic patients who had NAFLD and 50 sex- and age-matched diabetic patients without any clinical features of liver diseases who had normal liver ultrasonic appearance and normal liver function.
280	17904683	Serum RBP4 levels were elevated in diabetic patients with NAFLD (32.0+/-8.9 microg/ml vs. 41.3+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001), while adiponectin decreased (17.4+/-9.3 microg/ml vs. 13.8+/-7.0 microg/ml, p=0.032).
281	17904683	Male diabetic patients had higher serum RBP4 concentration and lower serum adiponectin concentration than female diabetic patients (38.5+/-9.9 microg/ml vs. 34.0+/-10.7 microg/ml, p=0.031 and 12.7+/-5.7 microg/ml vs. 20.23+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001, respectively).
282	17904683	Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed RBP4 and triglyceride as independent association factors for NAFLD, while the association between serum adiponectin and NAFLD was not significant.
283	17904683	In multiple linear regression analysis, alanine aminotransferase, fasting serum insulin and adiponectin were independent factors for serum RBP4 level.
284	17904683	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a protein secreted by adipocytes, and closely associated with insulin resistance.
285	17904683	Serum RBP4 and adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 52 diabetic patients who had NAFLD and 50 sex- and age-matched diabetic patients without any clinical features of liver diseases who had normal liver ultrasonic appearance and normal liver function.
286	17904683	Serum RBP4 levels were elevated in diabetic patients with NAFLD (32.0+/-8.9 microg/ml vs. 41.3+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001), while adiponectin decreased (17.4+/-9.3 microg/ml vs. 13.8+/-7.0 microg/ml, p=0.032).
287	17904683	Male diabetic patients had higher serum RBP4 concentration and lower serum adiponectin concentration than female diabetic patients (38.5+/-9.9 microg/ml vs. 34.0+/-10.7 microg/ml, p=0.031 and 12.7+/-5.7 microg/ml vs. 20.23+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001, respectively).
288	17904683	Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed RBP4 and triglyceride as independent association factors for NAFLD, while the association between serum adiponectin and NAFLD was not significant.
289	17904683	In multiple linear regression analysis, alanine aminotransferase, fasting serum insulin and adiponectin were independent factors for serum RBP4 level.
290	17904683	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a protein secreted by adipocytes, and closely associated with insulin resistance.
291	17904683	Serum RBP4 and adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 52 diabetic patients who had NAFLD and 50 sex- and age-matched diabetic patients without any clinical features of liver diseases who had normal liver ultrasonic appearance and normal liver function.
292	17904683	Serum RBP4 levels were elevated in diabetic patients with NAFLD (32.0+/-8.9 microg/ml vs. 41.3+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001), while adiponectin decreased (17.4+/-9.3 microg/ml vs. 13.8+/-7.0 microg/ml, p=0.032).
293	17904683	Male diabetic patients had higher serum RBP4 concentration and lower serum adiponectin concentration than female diabetic patients (38.5+/-9.9 microg/ml vs. 34.0+/-10.7 microg/ml, p=0.031 and 12.7+/-5.7 microg/ml vs. 20.23+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001, respectively).
294	17904683	Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed RBP4 and triglyceride as independent association factors for NAFLD, while the association between serum adiponectin and NAFLD was not significant.
295	17904683	In multiple linear regression analysis, alanine aminotransferase, fasting serum insulin and adiponectin were independent factors for serum RBP4 level.
296	17904683	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a protein secreted by adipocytes, and closely associated with insulin resistance.
297	17904683	Serum RBP4 and adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 52 diabetic patients who had NAFLD and 50 sex- and age-matched diabetic patients without any clinical features of liver diseases who had normal liver ultrasonic appearance and normal liver function.
298	17904683	Serum RBP4 levels were elevated in diabetic patients with NAFLD (32.0+/-8.9 microg/ml vs. 41.3+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001), while adiponectin decreased (17.4+/-9.3 microg/ml vs. 13.8+/-7.0 microg/ml, p=0.032).
299	17904683	Male diabetic patients had higher serum RBP4 concentration and lower serum adiponectin concentration than female diabetic patients (38.5+/-9.9 microg/ml vs. 34.0+/-10.7 microg/ml, p=0.031 and 12.7+/-5.7 microg/ml vs. 20.23+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001, respectively).
300	17904683	Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed RBP4 and triglyceride as independent association factors for NAFLD, while the association between serum adiponectin and NAFLD was not significant.
301	17904683	In multiple linear regression analysis, alanine aminotransferase, fasting serum insulin and adiponectin were independent factors for serum RBP4 level.
302	17904683	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a protein secreted by adipocytes, and closely associated with insulin resistance.
303	17904683	Serum RBP4 and adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 52 diabetic patients who had NAFLD and 50 sex- and age-matched diabetic patients without any clinical features of liver diseases who had normal liver ultrasonic appearance and normal liver function.
304	17904683	Serum RBP4 levels were elevated in diabetic patients with NAFLD (32.0+/-8.9 microg/ml vs. 41.3+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001), while adiponectin decreased (17.4+/-9.3 microg/ml vs. 13.8+/-7.0 microg/ml, p=0.032).
305	17904683	Male diabetic patients had higher serum RBP4 concentration and lower serum adiponectin concentration than female diabetic patients (38.5+/-9.9 microg/ml vs. 34.0+/-10.7 microg/ml, p=0.031 and 12.7+/-5.7 microg/ml vs. 20.23+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001, respectively).
306	17904683	Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed RBP4 and triglyceride as independent association factors for NAFLD, while the association between serum adiponectin and NAFLD was not significant.
307	17904683	In multiple linear regression analysis, alanine aminotransferase, fasting serum insulin and adiponectin were independent factors for serum RBP4 level.
308	17904683	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a protein secreted by adipocytes, and closely associated with insulin resistance.
309	17904683	Serum RBP4 and adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 52 diabetic patients who had NAFLD and 50 sex- and age-matched diabetic patients without any clinical features of liver diseases who had normal liver ultrasonic appearance and normal liver function.
310	17904683	Serum RBP4 levels were elevated in diabetic patients with NAFLD (32.0+/-8.9 microg/ml vs. 41.3+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001), while adiponectin decreased (17.4+/-9.3 microg/ml vs. 13.8+/-7.0 microg/ml, p=0.032).
311	17904683	Male diabetic patients had higher serum RBP4 concentration and lower serum adiponectin concentration than female diabetic patients (38.5+/-9.9 microg/ml vs. 34.0+/-10.7 microg/ml, p=0.031 and 12.7+/-5.7 microg/ml vs. 20.23+/-9.8 microg/ml, p<0.001, respectively).
312	17904683	Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed RBP4 and triglyceride as independent association factors for NAFLD, while the association between serum adiponectin and NAFLD was not significant.
313	17904683	In multiple linear regression analysis, alanine aminotransferase, fasting serum insulin and adiponectin were independent factors for serum RBP4 level.
314	17952832	The glucose transporter, GLUT4, mediates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue.
315	17952832	Decreased GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue is a common feature of many insulin resistant states.
316	17952832	GLUT4 expression is preserved in skeletal muscle in many insulin resistant states.
317	17952832	However, functional defects in the intracellular trafficking and plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 result in impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle.
318	17952832	Tissue-specific genetic knockout of GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue or muscle of mice has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
319	17952832	We recently determined that the expression of serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) is induced in adipose tissue as a consequence of decreased GLUT4 expression.
320	17952832	We found that RBP4 is elevated in the serum of insulin resistant humans and mice.
321	17952832	Furthermore, we found that increasing serum RBP4 levels by transgenic overexpression or by injection of purified RBP4 protein into normal mice causes insulin resistance.
322	17952832	Therefore, RBP4 appears to play an important role in mediating adipose tissue communication with other insulin target tissues in insulin resistant states.
323	17952832	The glucose transporter, GLUT4, mediates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue.
324	17952832	Decreased GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue is a common feature of many insulin resistant states.
325	17952832	GLUT4 expression is preserved in skeletal muscle in many insulin resistant states.
326	17952832	However, functional defects in the intracellular trafficking and plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 result in impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle.
327	17952832	Tissue-specific genetic knockout of GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue or muscle of mice has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
328	17952832	We recently determined that the expression of serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) is induced in adipose tissue as a consequence of decreased GLUT4 expression.
329	17952832	We found that RBP4 is elevated in the serum of insulin resistant humans and mice.
330	17952832	Furthermore, we found that increasing serum RBP4 levels by transgenic overexpression or by injection of purified RBP4 protein into normal mice causes insulin resistance.
331	17952832	Therefore, RBP4 appears to play an important role in mediating adipose tissue communication with other insulin target tissues in insulin resistant states.
332	17952832	The glucose transporter, GLUT4, mediates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue.
333	17952832	Decreased GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue is a common feature of many insulin resistant states.
334	17952832	GLUT4 expression is preserved in skeletal muscle in many insulin resistant states.
335	17952832	However, functional defects in the intracellular trafficking and plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 result in impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle.
336	17952832	Tissue-specific genetic knockout of GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue or muscle of mice has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
337	17952832	We recently determined that the expression of serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) is induced in adipose tissue as a consequence of decreased GLUT4 expression.
338	17952832	We found that RBP4 is elevated in the serum of insulin resistant humans and mice.
339	17952832	Furthermore, we found that increasing serum RBP4 levels by transgenic overexpression or by injection of purified RBP4 protein into normal mice causes insulin resistance.
340	17952832	Therefore, RBP4 appears to play an important role in mediating adipose tissue communication with other insulin target tissues in insulin resistant states.
341	17952832	The glucose transporter, GLUT4, mediates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue.
342	17952832	Decreased GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue is a common feature of many insulin resistant states.
343	17952832	GLUT4 expression is preserved in skeletal muscle in many insulin resistant states.
344	17952832	However, functional defects in the intracellular trafficking and plasma membrane translocation of GLUT4 result in impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle.
345	17952832	Tissue-specific genetic knockout of GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue or muscle of mice has provided new insights into the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
346	17952832	We recently determined that the expression of serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) is induced in adipose tissue as a consequence of decreased GLUT4 expression.
347	17952832	We found that RBP4 is elevated in the serum of insulin resistant humans and mice.
348	17952832	Furthermore, we found that increasing serum RBP4 levels by transgenic overexpression or by injection of purified RBP4 protein into normal mice causes insulin resistance.
349	17952832	Therefore, RBP4 appears to play an important role in mediating adipose tissue communication with other insulin target tissues in insulin resistant states.
350	18019665	[Serum level of retinol-binding protein 4 in obese patients with insulin resistance and in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin].
351	18058259	Retinol binding protein 4, low birth weight-related insulin resistance and hormonal contraception.
352	18058259	It has been recently reported that increased serum levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted by adipocytes and liver, could be an early marker of insulin resistance (IR).
353	18058259	Women under HC also exhibited significantly higher levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), triglycerides, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and all of them, but not composite ISI, were significantly correlated with RBP4 levels.
354	18058259	Retinol binding protein 4, low birth weight-related insulin resistance and hormonal contraception.
355	18058259	It has been recently reported that increased serum levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted by adipocytes and liver, could be an early marker of insulin resistance (IR).
356	18058259	Women under HC also exhibited significantly higher levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), triglycerides, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and all of them, but not composite ISI, were significantly correlated with RBP4 levels.
357	18058259	Retinol binding protein 4, low birth weight-related insulin resistance and hormonal contraception.
358	18058259	It has been recently reported that increased serum levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted by adipocytes and liver, could be an early marker of insulin resistance (IR).
359	18058259	Women under HC also exhibited significantly higher levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), triglycerides, cholesterol, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and all of them, but not composite ISI, were significantly correlated with RBP4 levels.
360	18285525	Decreased clearance of serum retinol-binding protein and elevated levels of transthyretin in insulin-resistant ob/ob mice.
361	18285525	Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is secreted by liver and adipocytes and is implicated in systemic insulin resistance in rodents and humans.
362	18285525	RBP4 normally binds to the larger transthyretin (TTR) homotetramer, forming a protein complex that reduces renal clearance of RBP4.
363	18285525	To determine whether alterations in RBP4-TTR binding contribute to elevated plasma RBP4 levels in insulin-resistant states, we investigated RBP4-TTR interactions in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and high-fat-fed obese mice (HFD).
364	18285525	Coimmunoprecipitation with an RBP4 antibody brought down stoichiometrically equal amounts of TTR and RBP4, indicating that TTR was not more saturated with RBP4 in ob/ob mice than in controls.
365	18285525	In HFD mice, plasma TTR levels and clearance of injected RBP4 were similar to chow-fed controls.
366	18285525	Since elevated circulating RBP4 causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice, these findings suggest that increased TTR or alterations in RBP4-TTR binding may contribute to insulin resistance by stabilizing RBP4 at higher steady-state concentrations in circulation.
367	18285525	Lowering TTR levels or interfering with RBP4-TTR binding may enhance insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
368	18285525	Decreased clearance of serum retinol-binding protein and elevated levels of transthyretin in insulin-resistant ob/ob mice.
369	18285525	Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is secreted by liver and adipocytes and is implicated in systemic insulin resistance in rodents and humans.
370	18285525	RBP4 normally binds to the larger transthyretin (TTR) homotetramer, forming a protein complex that reduces renal clearance of RBP4.
371	18285525	To determine whether alterations in RBP4-TTR binding contribute to elevated plasma RBP4 levels in insulin-resistant states, we investigated RBP4-TTR interactions in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and high-fat-fed obese mice (HFD).
372	18285525	Coimmunoprecipitation with an RBP4 antibody brought down stoichiometrically equal amounts of TTR and RBP4, indicating that TTR was not more saturated with RBP4 in ob/ob mice than in controls.
373	18285525	In HFD mice, plasma TTR levels and clearance of injected RBP4 were similar to chow-fed controls.
374	18285525	Since elevated circulating RBP4 causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice, these findings suggest that increased TTR or alterations in RBP4-TTR binding may contribute to insulin resistance by stabilizing RBP4 at higher steady-state concentrations in circulation.
375	18285525	Lowering TTR levels or interfering with RBP4-TTR binding may enhance insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
376	18285525	Decreased clearance of serum retinol-binding protein and elevated levels of transthyretin in insulin-resistant ob/ob mice.
377	18285525	Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is secreted by liver and adipocytes and is implicated in systemic insulin resistance in rodents and humans.
378	18285525	RBP4 normally binds to the larger transthyretin (TTR) homotetramer, forming a protein complex that reduces renal clearance of RBP4.
379	18285525	To determine whether alterations in RBP4-TTR binding contribute to elevated plasma RBP4 levels in insulin-resistant states, we investigated RBP4-TTR interactions in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and high-fat-fed obese mice (HFD).
380	18285525	Coimmunoprecipitation with an RBP4 antibody brought down stoichiometrically equal amounts of TTR and RBP4, indicating that TTR was not more saturated with RBP4 in ob/ob mice than in controls.
381	18285525	In HFD mice, plasma TTR levels and clearance of injected RBP4 were similar to chow-fed controls.
382	18285525	Since elevated circulating RBP4 causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice, these findings suggest that increased TTR or alterations in RBP4-TTR binding may contribute to insulin resistance by stabilizing RBP4 at higher steady-state concentrations in circulation.
383	18285525	Lowering TTR levels or interfering with RBP4-TTR binding may enhance insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
384	18285525	Decreased clearance of serum retinol-binding protein and elevated levels of transthyretin in insulin-resistant ob/ob mice.
385	18285525	Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is secreted by liver and adipocytes and is implicated in systemic insulin resistance in rodents and humans.
386	18285525	RBP4 normally binds to the larger transthyretin (TTR) homotetramer, forming a protein complex that reduces renal clearance of RBP4.
387	18285525	To determine whether alterations in RBP4-TTR binding contribute to elevated plasma RBP4 levels in insulin-resistant states, we investigated RBP4-TTR interactions in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and high-fat-fed obese mice (HFD).
388	18285525	Coimmunoprecipitation with an RBP4 antibody brought down stoichiometrically equal amounts of TTR and RBP4, indicating that TTR was not more saturated with RBP4 in ob/ob mice than in controls.
389	18285525	In HFD mice, plasma TTR levels and clearance of injected RBP4 were similar to chow-fed controls.
390	18285525	Since elevated circulating RBP4 causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice, these findings suggest that increased TTR or alterations in RBP4-TTR binding may contribute to insulin resistance by stabilizing RBP4 at higher steady-state concentrations in circulation.
391	18285525	Lowering TTR levels or interfering with RBP4-TTR binding may enhance insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
392	18285525	Decreased clearance of serum retinol-binding protein and elevated levels of transthyretin in insulin-resistant ob/ob mice.
393	18285525	Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is secreted by liver and adipocytes and is implicated in systemic insulin resistance in rodents and humans.
394	18285525	RBP4 normally binds to the larger transthyretin (TTR) homotetramer, forming a protein complex that reduces renal clearance of RBP4.
395	18285525	To determine whether alterations in RBP4-TTR binding contribute to elevated plasma RBP4 levels in insulin-resistant states, we investigated RBP4-TTR interactions in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and high-fat-fed obese mice (HFD).
396	18285525	Coimmunoprecipitation with an RBP4 antibody brought down stoichiometrically equal amounts of TTR and RBP4, indicating that TTR was not more saturated with RBP4 in ob/ob mice than in controls.
397	18285525	In HFD mice, plasma TTR levels and clearance of injected RBP4 were similar to chow-fed controls.
398	18285525	Since elevated circulating RBP4 causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice, these findings suggest that increased TTR or alterations in RBP4-TTR binding may contribute to insulin resistance by stabilizing RBP4 at higher steady-state concentrations in circulation.
399	18285525	Lowering TTR levels or interfering with RBP4-TTR binding may enhance insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
400	18285525	Decreased clearance of serum retinol-binding protein and elevated levels of transthyretin in insulin-resistant ob/ob mice.
401	18285525	Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is secreted by liver and adipocytes and is implicated in systemic insulin resistance in rodents and humans.
402	18285525	RBP4 normally binds to the larger transthyretin (TTR) homotetramer, forming a protein complex that reduces renal clearance of RBP4.
403	18285525	To determine whether alterations in RBP4-TTR binding contribute to elevated plasma RBP4 levels in insulin-resistant states, we investigated RBP4-TTR interactions in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and high-fat-fed obese mice (HFD).
404	18285525	Coimmunoprecipitation with an RBP4 antibody brought down stoichiometrically equal amounts of TTR and RBP4, indicating that TTR was not more saturated with RBP4 in ob/ob mice than in controls.
405	18285525	In HFD mice, plasma TTR levels and clearance of injected RBP4 were similar to chow-fed controls.
406	18285525	Since elevated circulating RBP4 causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice, these findings suggest that increased TTR or alterations in RBP4-TTR binding may contribute to insulin resistance by stabilizing RBP4 at higher steady-state concentrations in circulation.
407	18285525	Lowering TTR levels or interfering with RBP4-TTR binding may enhance insulin sensitivity in obesity and type 2 diabetes.
408	18362299	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance, but appears unsuited for metabolic screening in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
409	18381580	Retinol binding protein-4 elevation is associated with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level independently of obesity in elderly subjects with normal glucose tolerance.
410	18390799	Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome.
411	18487287	Retinol-binding protein 4 and lipocalin-2 in childhood and adolescent obesity: when children are not just "small adults".
412	18514142	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been found to induce insulin resistance and to be increased in type 2 diabetes.
413	18514142	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) can improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and have been suggested as an adjunct to metformin (MF) and sulfonylurea (SU) in type 2 diabetes in a consensus statement from the ADA and EASD.
414	18514142	Serum RBP4 and adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively.
415	18514142	Despite the change of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) did not differ (-0.77 +/- 1.3 vs -0.50 +/- 1.7, P = 0.446), the addition of pioglitazone could significantly lower serum RBP4 and HOMA-IR values, whereas an increased dosage of sulfonylurea agents did not alter HOMA-IR, RBP4, or adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients who had been treated with metformin and/or sulfonylurea.
416	18514142	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been found to induce insulin resistance and to be increased in type 2 diabetes.
417	18514142	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) can improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and have been suggested as an adjunct to metformin (MF) and sulfonylurea (SU) in type 2 diabetes in a consensus statement from the ADA and EASD.
418	18514142	Serum RBP4 and adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively.
419	18514142	Despite the change of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) did not differ (-0.77 +/- 1.3 vs -0.50 +/- 1.7, P = 0.446), the addition of pioglitazone could significantly lower serum RBP4 and HOMA-IR values, whereas an increased dosage of sulfonylurea agents did not alter HOMA-IR, RBP4, or adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients who had been treated with metformin and/or sulfonylurea.
420	18514142	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been found to induce insulin resistance and to be increased in type 2 diabetes.
421	18514142	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) can improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and have been suggested as an adjunct to metformin (MF) and sulfonylurea (SU) in type 2 diabetes in a consensus statement from the ADA and EASD.
422	18514142	Serum RBP4 and adiponectin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively.
423	18514142	Despite the change of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) did not differ (-0.77 +/- 1.3 vs -0.50 +/- 1.7, P = 0.446), the addition of pioglitazone could significantly lower serum RBP4 and HOMA-IR values, whereas an increased dosage of sulfonylurea agents did not alter HOMA-IR, RBP4, or adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients who had been treated with metformin and/or sulfonylurea.
424	18584408	Elevated concentrations of retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) in gestational diabetes mellitus: negative correlation with soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1).
425	18777500	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP-4) levels do not change after oral glucose tolerance test and after dexamethasone, but correlate with some indices of insulin resistance in humans.
426	18937078	Serum retinal binding protein 4 (RBP4) was recently described as a new liver- and adipocyte-derived signal that may contribute to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and insulin resistance.
427	18980783	Effects of trans10cis12CLA-induced insulin resistance on retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations in abdominally obese men.
428	18980783	In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 57 abdominally obese middle-aged men, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) did not induce changes in retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations (RBP4), despite marked induced insulin resistance.
429	18980783	Further, there were no associations between CLA-induced insulin resistance and changes in RBP4.
430	18980783	Effects of trans10cis12CLA-induced insulin resistance on retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations in abdominally obese men.
431	18980783	In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 57 abdominally obese middle-aged men, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) did not induce changes in retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations (RBP4), despite marked induced insulin resistance.
432	18980783	Further, there were no associations between CLA-induced insulin resistance and changes in RBP4.
433	18980783	Effects of trans10cis12CLA-induced insulin resistance on retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations in abdominally obese men.
434	18980783	In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of 57 abdominally obese middle-aged men, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) did not induce changes in retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations (RBP4), despite marked induced insulin resistance.
435	18980783	Further, there were no associations between CLA-induced insulin resistance and changes in RBP4.
436	19003725	A novel adipokine, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4), was reported to be associated with insulin resistance and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
437	19003725	To examine whether plasma RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance and MS development in OSAS, we measured plasma RBP4 levels in 181 Japanese men (24 healthy controls and 40 mild, 64 moderate, and 53 severe OSAS) of whom 26 had mild glucose intolerance with HbA1c < or = 6.0%.
438	19003725	This study indicates that plasma RBP4 is associated with dyslipidemia, but not with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, or hypertension in patients with OSAS.
439	19003725	A novel adipokine, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4), was reported to be associated with insulin resistance and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
440	19003725	To examine whether plasma RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance and MS development in OSAS, we measured plasma RBP4 levels in 181 Japanese men (24 healthy controls and 40 mild, 64 moderate, and 53 severe OSAS) of whom 26 had mild glucose intolerance with HbA1c < or = 6.0%.
441	19003725	This study indicates that plasma RBP4 is associated with dyslipidemia, but not with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, or hypertension in patients with OSAS.
442	19003725	A novel adipokine, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4), was reported to be associated with insulin resistance and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
443	19003725	To examine whether plasma RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance and MS development in OSAS, we measured plasma RBP4 levels in 181 Japanese men (24 healthy controls and 40 mild, 64 moderate, and 53 severe OSAS) of whom 26 had mild glucose intolerance with HbA1c < or = 6.0%.
444	19003725	This study indicates that plasma RBP4 is associated with dyslipidemia, but not with insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, or hypertension in patients with OSAS.
445	19053019	Human fetal adiponectin and retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4 levels in relation to birth weight and maternal obesity.
446	19053019	Therefore, in the present study we first aimed to investigate if birth weight influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 metabolism.
447	19053019	In this analysis adiponectin but not RBP-4 levels showed a positive significant correlation to birth weight.
448	19053019	Since maternal preconceptional obesity is associated with an increased birth weight and the risk for LGA neonates, we further aimed to investigate, if the maternal nutritional state influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4.
449	19053019	In this analysis, neither adiponectin nor RBP-4 levels showed a significant correlation.
450	19053019	Taken together, in the present study for the first time we directly compare fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 levels in respect to birth weight and maternal preconceptional BMI.
451	19053019	Our data suggest that (1) adiponectin is more likely to have a role in perinatal priming of obesity and insulin resistance than RBP-4 and (2) that birth weight has a greater impact on fetal adipokine serum levels than maternal preconceptional obesity.
452	19053019	Human fetal adiponectin and retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4 levels in relation to birth weight and maternal obesity.
453	19053019	Therefore, in the present study we first aimed to investigate if birth weight influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 metabolism.
454	19053019	In this analysis adiponectin but not RBP-4 levels showed a positive significant correlation to birth weight.
455	19053019	Since maternal preconceptional obesity is associated with an increased birth weight and the risk for LGA neonates, we further aimed to investigate, if the maternal nutritional state influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4.
456	19053019	In this analysis, neither adiponectin nor RBP-4 levels showed a significant correlation.
457	19053019	Taken together, in the present study for the first time we directly compare fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 levels in respect to birth weight and maternal preconceptional BMI.
458	19053019	Our data suggest that (1) adiponectin is more likely to have a role in perinatal priming of obesity and insulin resistance than RBP-4 and (2) that birth weight has a greater impact on fetal adipokine serum levels than maternal preconceptional obesity.
459	19053019	Human fetal adiponectin and retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4 levels in relation to birth weight and maternal obesity.
460	19053019	Therefore, in the present study we first aimed to investigate if birth weight influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 metabolism.
461	19053019	In this analysis adiponectin but not RBP-4 levels showed a positive significant correlation to birth weight.
462	19053019	Since maternal preconceptional obesity is associated with an increased birth weight and the risk for LGA neonates, we further aimed to investigate, if the maternal nutritional state influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4.
463	19053019	In this analysis, neither adiponectin nor RBP-4 levels showed a significant correlation.
464	19053019	Taken together, in the present study for the first time we directly compare fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 levels in respect to birth weight and maternal preconceptional BMI.
465	19053019	Our data suggest that (1) adiponectin is more likely to have a role in perinatal priming of obesity and insulin resistance than RBP-4 and (2) that birth weight has a greater impact on fetal adipokine serum levels than maternal preconceptional obesity.
466	19053019	Human fetal adiponectin and retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4 levels in relation to birth weight and maternal obesity.
467	19053019	Therefore, in the present study we first aimed to investigate if birth weight influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 metabolism.
468	19053019	In this analysis adiponectin but not RBP-4 levels showed a positive significant correlation to birth weight.
469	19053019	Since maternal preconceptional obesity is associated with an increased birth weight and the risk for LGA neonates, we further aimed to investigate, if the maternal nutritional state influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4.
470	19053019	In this analysis, neither adiponectin nor RBP-4 levels showed a significant correlation.
471	19053019	Taken together, in the present study for the first time we directly compare fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 levels in respect to birth weight and maternal preconceptional BMI.
472	19053019	Our data suggest that (1) adiponectin is more likely to have a role in perinatal priming of obesity and insulin resistance than RBP-4 and (2) that birth weight has a greater impact on fetal adipokine serum levels than maternal preconceptional obesity.
473	19053019	Human fetal adiponectin and retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4 levels in relation to birth weight and maternal obesity.
474	19053019	Therefore, in the present study we first aimed to investigate if birth weight influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 metabolism.
475	19053019	In this analysis adiponectin but not RBP-4 levels showed a positive significant correlation to birth weight.
476	19053019	Since maternal preconceptional obesity is associated with an increased birth weight and the risk for LGA neonates, we further aimed to investigate, if the maternal nutritional state influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4.
477	19053019	In this analysis, neither adiponectin nor RBP-4 levels showed a significant correlation.
478	19053019	Taken together, in the present study for the first time we directly compare fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 levels in respect to birth weight and maternal preconceptional BMI.
479	19053019	Our data suggest that (1) adiponectin is more likely to have a role in perinatal priming of obesity and insulin resistance than RBP-4 and (2) that birth weight has a greater impact on fetal adipokine serum levels than maternal preconceptional obesity.
480	19053019	Human fetal adiponectin and retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4 levels in relation to birth weight and maternal obesity.
481	19053019	Therefore, in the present study we first aimed to investigate if birth weight influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 metabolism.
482	19053019	In this analysis adiponectin but not RBP-4 levels showed a positive significant correlation to birth weight.
483	19053019	Since maternal preconceptional obesity is associated with an increased birth weight and the risk for LGA neonates, we further aimed to investigate, if the maternal nutritional state influences fetal adiponectin and RBP-4.
484	19053019	In this analysis, neither adiponectin nor RBP-4 levels showed a significant correlation.
485	19053019	Taken together, in the present study for the first time we directly compare fetal adiponectin and RBP-4 levels in respect to birth weight and maternal preconceptional BMI.
486	19053019	Our data suggest that (1) adiponectin is more likely to have a role in perinatal priming of obesity and insulin resistance than RBP-4 and (2) that birth weight has a greater impact on fetal adipokine serum levels than maternal preconceptional obesity.
487	19083059	DSW increased plasma protein levels of adiponectin and decreased plasma protein levels of resistin, RBP4, and fatty acid binding protein.
488	19083059	Moreover, GLUT4 and AMP-activated protein kinase levels in skeletal muscle tissue were increased while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and adiponectin were decreased in adipose tissue of DSW-fed mice.
489	19147488	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports retinol from the liver to extrahepatic tissues, and RBP4 lowering is reported to improve insulin sensitivity in mice.
490	19147488	Analysis of the RBP4-A1120 co-crystal structure reveals that A1120 induces critical conformational changes at the RBP4-transthyretin interface.
491	19147488	Administration of A1120 to mice lowers serum RBP4 and retinol levels but, unexpectedly, does not improve insulin sensitivity.
492	19147488	We conclude that lowering RBP4 levels does not improve insulin sensitivity in mice.
493	19147488	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports retinol from the liver to extrahepatic tissues, and RBP4 lowering is reported to improve insulin sensitivity in mice.
494	19147488	Analysis of the RBP4-A1120 co-crystal structure reveals that A1120 induces critical conformational changes at the RBP4-transthyretin interface.
495	19147488	Administration of A1120 to mice lowers serum RBP4 and retinol levels but, unexpectedly, does not improve insulin sensitivity.
496	19147488	We conclude that lowering RBP4 levels does not improve insulin sensitivity in mice.
497	19147488	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports retinol from the liver to extrahepatic tissues, and RBP4 lowering is reported to improve insulin sensitivity in mice.
498	19147488	Analysis of the RBP4-A1120 co-crystal structure reveals that A1120 induces critical conformational changes at the RBP4-transthyretin interface.
499	19147488	Administration of A1120 to mice lowers serum RBP4 and retinol levels but, unexpectedly, does not improve insulin sensitivity.
500	19147488	We conclude that lowering RBP4 levels does not improve insulin sensitivity in mice.
501	19147488	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports retinol from the liver to extrahepatic tissues, and RBP4 lowering is reported to improve insulin sensitivity in mice.
502	19147488	Analysis of the RBP4-A1120 co-crystal structure reveals that A1120 induces critical conformational changes at the RBP4-transthyretin interface.
503	19147488	Administration of A1120 to mice lowers serum RBP4 and retinol levels but, unexpectedly, does not improve insulin sensitivity.
504	19147488	We conclude that lowering RBP4 levels does not improve insulin sensitivity in mice.
505	19190263	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance but not with whole body or hepatic insulin resistance in Mexican Americans.
506	19190263	Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), a novel protein secreted mainly by adipose tissue, has been associated with insulin resistance in obese subjects and in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
507	19190263	We examined the relationship between plasma RBP4 levels, expression of RBP4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans with varying degrees of obesity and glucose tolerance.
508	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels correlated with 2-h glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c.
509	19190263	There was no association between RBP4 levels and whole body insulin sensitivity measured with either the euglycemic insulin clamp or OGTT, basal hepatic glucose production rates, and the hepatic insulin resistance index.
510	19190263	There was no correlation between plasma RBP4 levels and indexes of insulin secretion.
511	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels are elevated in T2DM and associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not associated with obesity or insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion in Mexican Americans.
512	19190263	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance but not with whole body or hepatic insulin resistance in Mexican Americans.
513	19190263	Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), a novel protein secreted mainly by adipose tissue, has been associated with insulin resistance in obese subjects and in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
514	19190263	We examined the relationship between plasma RBP4 levels, expression of RBP4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans with varying degrees of obesity and glucose tolerance.
515	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels correlated with 2-h glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c.
516	19190263	There was no association between RBP4 levels and whole body insulin sensitivity measured with either the euglycemic insulin clamp or OGTT, basal hepatic glucose production rates, and the hepatic insulin resistance index.
517	19190263	There was no correlation between plasma RBP4 levels and indexes of insulin secretion.
518	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels are elevated in T2DM and associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not associated with obesity or insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion in Mexican Americans.
519	19190263	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance but not with whole body or hepatic insulin resistance in Mexican Americans.
520	19190263	Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), a novel protein secreted mainly by adipose tissue, has been associated with insulin resistance in obese subjects and in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
521	19190263	We examined the relationship between plasma RBP4 levels, expression of RBP4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans with varying degrees of obesity and glucose tolerance.
522	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels correlated with 2-h glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c.
523	19190263	There was no association between RBP4 levels and whole body insulin sensitivity measured with either the euglycemic insulin clamp or OGTT, basal hepatic glucose production rates, and the hepatic insulin resistance index.
524	19190263	There was no correlation between plasma RBP4 levels and indexes of insulin secretion.
525	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels are elevated in T2DM and associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not associated with obesity or insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion in Mexican Americans.
526	19190263	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance but not with whole body or hepatic insulin resistance in Mexican Americans.
527	19190263	Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), a novel protein secreted mainly by adipose tissue, has been associated with insulin resistance in obese subjects and in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
528	19190263	We examined the relationship between plasma RBP4 levels, expression of RBP4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans with varying degrees of obesity and glucose tolerance.
529	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels correlated with 2-h glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c.
530	19190263	There was no association between RBP4 levels and whole body insulin sensitivity measured with either the euglycemic insulin clamp or OGTT, basal hepatic glucose production rates, and the hepatic insulin resistance index.
531	19190263	There was no correlation between plasma RBP4 levels and indexes of insulin secretion.
532	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels are elevated in T2DM and associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not associated with obesity or insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion in Mexican Americans.
533	19190263	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance but not with whole body or hepatic insulin resistance in Mexican Americans.
534	19190263	Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), a novel protein secreted mainly by adipose tissue, has been associated with insulin resistance in obese subjects and in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
535	19190263	We examined the relationship between plasma RBP4 levels, expression of RBP4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans with varying degrees of obesity and glucose tolerance.
536	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels correlated with 2-h glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c.
537	19190263	There was no association between RBP4 levels and whole body insulin sensitivity measured with either the euglycemic insulin clamp or OGTT, basal hepatic glucose production rates, and the hepatic insulin resistance index.
538	19190263	There was no correlation between plasma RBP4 levels and indexes of insulin secretion.
539	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels are elevated in T2DM and associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not associated with obesity or insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion in Mexican Americans.
540	19190263	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance but not with whole body or hepatic insulin resistance in Mexican Americans.
541	19190263	Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), a novel protein secreted mainly by adipose tissue, has been associated with insulin resistance in obese subjects and in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
542	19190263	We examined the relationship between plasma RBP4 levels, expression of RBP4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans with varying degrees of obesity and glucose tolerance.
543	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels correlated with 2-h glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c.
544	19190263	There was no association between RBP4 levels and whole body insulin sensitivity measured with either the euglycemic insulin clamp or OGTT, basal hepatic glucose production rates, and the hepatic insulin resistance index.
545	19190263	There was no correlation between plasma RBP4 levels and indexes of insulin secretion.
546	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels are elevated in T2DM and associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not associated with obesity or insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion in Mexican Americans.
547	19190263	Retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with impaired glucose tolerance but not with whole body or hepatic insulin resistance in Mexican Americans.
548	19190263	Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), a novel protein secreted mainly by adipose tissue, has been associated with insulin resistance in obese subjects and in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
549	19190263	We examined the relationship between plasma RBP4 levels, expression of RBP4 in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and insulin sensitivity in Mexican Americans with varying degrees of obesity and glucose tolerance.
550	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels correlated with 2-h glucose, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c.
551	19190263	There was no association between RBP4 levels and whole body insulin sensitivity measured with either the euglycemic insulin clamp or OGTT, basal hepatic glucose production rates, and the hepatic insulin resistance index.
552	19190263	There was no correlation between plasma RBP4 levels and indexes of insulin secretion.
553	19190263	Plasma RBP4 levels are elevated in T2DM and associated with impaired glucose tolerance, but not associated with obesity or insulin resistance or impaired insulin secretion in Mexican Americans.
554	19224430	Changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk induced by PPARgamma activation have no impact on RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients.
555	19224430	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has recently been suggested as a good biomarker for insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
556	19224430	With this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on insulin resistance and RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications.
557	19224430	Key outcome measures were the HOMA (IR)-Score, an oral glucose tolerance test, adiponectin, hsCRP, and RBP4 at baseline and endpoint.
558	19224430	Despite a partial or comprehensive improvement in insulin resistance and/or cardiovascular risk indicators in all treatment arms, no change in RBP4-levels could be observed.
559	19224430	Changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk induced by PPARgamma activation have no impact on RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients.
560	19224430	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has recently been suggested as a good biomarker for insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
561	19224430	With this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on insulin resistance and RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications.
562	19224430	Key outcome measures were the HOMA (IR)-Score, an oral glucose tolerance test, adiponectin, hsCRP, and RBP4 at baseline and endpoint.
563	19224430	Despite a partial or comprehensive improvement in insulin resistance and/or cardiovascular risk indicators in all treatment arms, no change in RBP4-levels could be observed.
564	19224430	Changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk induced by PPARgamma activation have no impact on RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients.
565	19224430	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has recently been suggested as a good biomarker for insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
566	19224430	With this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on insulin resistance and RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications.
567	19224430	Key outcome measures were the HOMA (IR)-Score, an oral glucose tolerance test, adiponectin, hsCRP, and RBP4 at baseline and endpoint.
568	19224430	Despite a partial or comprehensive improvement in insulin resistance and/or cardiovascular risk indicators in all treatment arms, no change in RBP4-levels could be observed.
569	19224430	Changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk induced by PPARgamma activation have no impact on RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients.
570	19224430	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has recently been suggested as a good biomarker for insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
571	19224430	With this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on insulin resistance and RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications.
572	19224430	Key outcome measures were the HOMA (IR)-Score, an oral glucose tolerance test, adiponectin, hsCRP, and RBP4 at baseline and endpoint.
573	19224430	Despite a partial or comprehensive improvement in insulin resistance and/or cardiovascular risk indicators in all treatment arms, no change in RBP4-levels could be observed.
574	19224430	Changes in insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk induced by PPARgamma activation have no impact on RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients.
575	19224430	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has recently been suggested as a good biomarker for insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome.
576	19224430	With this study, we wanted to investigate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) and simvastatin (SIMVA) on insulin resistance and RBP4 plasma concentrations in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome and increased risk for cardiovascular complications.
577	19224430	Key outcome measures were the HOMA (IR)-Score, an oral glucose tolerance test, adiponectin, hsCRP, and RBP4 at baseline and endpoint.
578	19224430	Despite a partial or comprehensive improvement in insulin resistance and/or cardiovascular risk indicators in all treatment arms, no change in RBP4-levels could be observed.
579	19264371	We investigated the associations of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with visceral obesity, adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), and insulin resistance (IR) and compared these associations with other liver enzymes in non-diabetes.
580	19264371	Adiponectin and RBP4 were determined by ELISA.
581	19264371	GGT and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were positively correlated with waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat area (VFA), visceral-to-subcutaneous fat area ratio (VSR), HOMA-IR, and RBP4, but was negatively correlated with adiponectin (p<0.05).
582	19264371	In multivariate regression, GGT was associated with male sex, HOMA-IR, and RBP4 (R(2)=0.48, p<0.05) and ALT was associated with HOMA-IR (R(2)=0.22, p<0.05).
583	19264371	However, these relationships after further adjustments for RBP4, adiponectin, VFA, VSR, WHR, WC, TG, and HDL remained significant in only GGT.
584	19264371	We investigated the associations of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with visceral obesity, adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), and insulin resistance (IR) and compared these associations with other liver enzymes in non-diabetes.
585	19264371	Adiponectin and RBP4 were determined by ELISA.
586	19264371	GGT and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were positively correlated with waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat area (VFA), visceral-to-subcutaneous fat area ratio (VSR), HOMA-IR, and RBP4, but was negatively correlated with adiponectin (p<0.05).
587	19264371	In multivariate regression, GGT was associated with male sex, HOMA-IR, and RBP4 (R(2)=0.48, p<0.05) and ALT was associated with HOMA-IR (R(2)=0.22, p<0.05).
588	19264371	However, these relationships after further adjustments for RBP4, adiponectin, VFA, VSR, WHR, WC, TG, and HDL remained significant in only GGT.
589	19264371	We investigated the associations of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with visceral obesity, adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), and insulin resistance (IR) and compared these associations with other liver enzymes in non-diabetes.
590	19264371	Adiponectin and RBP4 were determined by ELISA.
591	19264371	GGT and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were positively correlated with waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat area (VFA), visceral-to-subcutaneous fat area ratio (VSR), HOMA-IR, and RBP4, but was negatively correlated with adiponectin (p<0.05).
592	19264371	In multivariate regression, GGT was associated with male sex, HOMA-IR, and RBP4 (R(2)=0.48, p<0.05) and ALT was associated with HOMA-IR (R(2)=0.22, p<0.05).
593	19264371	However, these relationships after further adjustments for RBP4, adiponectin, VFA, VSR, WHR, WC, TG, and HDL remained significant in only GGT.
594	19264371	We investigated the associations of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with visceral obesity, adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), and insulin resistance (IR) and compared these associations with other liver enzymes in non-diabetes.
595	19264371	Adiponectin and RBP4 were determined by ELISA.
596	19264371	GGT and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were positively correlated with waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat area (VFA), visceral-to-subcutaneous fat area ratio (VSR), HOMA-IR, and RBP4, but was negatively correlated with adiponectin (p<0.05).
597	19264371	In multivariate regression, GGT was associated with male sex, HOMA-IR, and RBP4 (R(2)=0.48, p<0.05) and ALT was associated with HOMA-IR (R(2)=0.22, p<0.05).
598	19264371	However, these relationships after further adjustments for RBP4, adiponectin, VFA, VSR, WHR, WC, TG, and HDL remained significant in only GGT.
599	19264371	We investigated the associations of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with visceral obesity, adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), and insulin resistance (IR) and compared these associations with other liver enzymes in non-diabetes.
600	19264371	Adiponectin and RBP4 were determined by ELISA.
601	19264371	GGT and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were positively correlated with waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat area (VFA), visceral-to-subcutaneous fat area ratio (VSR), HOMA-IR, and RBP4, but was negatively correlated with adiponectin (p<0.05).
602	19264371	In multivariate regression, GGT was associated with male sex, HOMA-IR, and RBP4 (R(2)=0.48, p<0.05) and ALT was associated with HOMA-IR (R(2)=0.22, p<0.05).
603	19264371	However, these relationships after further adjustments for RBP4, adiponectin, VFA, VSR, WHR, WC, TG, and HDL remained significant in only GGT.
604	19282820	HFCS-55 induced a downregulation of the insulin signaling pathway, as indicated by attenuated (ser473)phosphorylation of AKT1.
605	19282820	The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), which is intimately linked to insulin resistance, was also activated; and this was accompanied by an increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and intracellular free calcium perturbation.
606	19282820	Hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial disruption was induced in vivo by a diet enriched with 20% HFCS 55; accompanied by hypoadiponectinemia and elevated fasting serum insulin and retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) levels.
607	19296549	CO treatment showed reduced diet intake (13%), body weight gain (12%), lipid (29%) and glucose levels (35%). 2-DE results showed differential levels of five proteins namely RBP4, apoE, and apoA-IV by >2-fold down-regulation and by >2-fold of apoA-I and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) up-regulation after CO treatment.
608	19296549	Immunoblotting studies of adiponectin and resistin showed amelioration in their levels in plasma.
609	19296549	Furthermore, the results of gene expressions for adipose tissue specific TNF-alpha, and IL-6 secretary molecules were also down-regulated by CO treatment.
610	19296549	Gene expressions of PPAR gamma in adipose tissue were in good agreement with the ameliorated levels of adipokines, thereby improving the pathological state.
611	19360015	Concentrations of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and leptin were determined approximately 1 week prior to surgery and results were related to liver histology.
612	19360015	Concentrations of TNF-alpha, leptin, and RBP4 did not differ among histological groups and thus did not identify NASH; however, there was a trend for adiponectin to be lower in NASH vs. no NAFLD (P = 0.061).
613	19360015	Concentrations of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and leptin were determined approximately 1 week prior to surgery and results were related to liver histology.
614	19360015	Concentrations of TNF-alpha, leptin, and RBP4 did not differ among histological groups and thus did not identify NASH; however, there was a trend for adiponectin to be lower in NASH vs. no NAFLD (P = 0.061).
615	19362933	Several cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its soluble receptor forms, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4, plasminogen activator inhibitor, lipocain 1 inhibit the signalization of insulin receptor causing insulin resistance in target tissues, mainly in adipose, liver and muscle, brain, endothelial as well as in pancreatic beta-cells.
616	19362933	However, many other proteins produced by the fat tissue, such as adiponectin, visfatin, vaspin, apelin, omentin and chemerin enhance the signal transmission of the receptor.
617	19362933	Recently discovered common mechanisms leading to insulin and cytokine resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, e.g. protein family of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are also discussed.
618	19390610	Stress and inflammatory signaling pathways--such as Jun-N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling--repress IIS, curtailing anabolic processes to promote stress tolerance and extend lifespan.
619	19390610	While this interaction constitutes an adaptive response that allows managing energy resources under stress conditions, excessive JNK activity in adipose tissue of vertebrates has been found to cause insulin resistance, promoting type II diabetes.
620	19390610	We show that JNK signaling is required for metabolic homeostasis in flies and that this function is mediated by the Drosophila Lipocalin family member Neural Lazarillo (NLaz), a homologue of vertebrate Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) and Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4).
621	19482004	Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and surface plasmon resonance-based assays for retinoid and transthyretin binding to retinol-binding protein 4.
622	19482004	Fenretinide competes with retinoids for RBP4 binding, disrupts RBP4-transthyretin (TTR) complexes, and results in urinary secretion of RBP4 and systemic depletion of retinol.
623	19482004	Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer and surface plasmon resonance-based assays for retinoid and transthyretin binding to retinol-binding protein 4.
624	19482004	Fenretinide competes with retinoids for RBP4 binding, disrupts RBP4-transthyretin (TTR) complexes, and results in urinary secretion of RBP4 and systemic depletion of retinol.
625	19501859	Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
626	19501859	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), which prevents its glomerular filtration and subsequent catabolism in the kidney.
627	19501859	Alterations of this interaction have been suggested to be implicated in the elevation of RBP4 that are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
628	19501859	However, the factors linking RBP4 to TTR in humans are not clear.
629	19501859	The RBP4 and TTR levels were quantified in plasma of 16 lean controls, 28 overweight controls, and 14 overweight T2DM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
630	19501859	Transthyretin isoforms involved in RBP4 binding were determined by linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after RBP4 coimmunoprecipitation.
631	19501859	Plasma levels of both RBP4 and TTR did not differ among the groups of lean controls, overweight controls, and overweight T2DM subjects.
632	19501859	Using RBP4 immunoprecipitation, 4 mass signals were observed for TTR representing native, S-cysteinylated, S-cysteinglycinylated, and S-glutathionylated TTR.
633	19501859	The results suggest that circulating RBP4 and TTR were not affected by human obesity or T2DM, which might be attributed to the absence of alterations of TTR isoforms and the ratio of holo- and apo-RBP4 that might modify the TTR-RBP4 interaction.
634	19501859	Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
635	19501859	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), which prevents its glomerular filtration and subsequent catabolism in the kidney.
636	19501859	Alterations of this interaction have been suggested to be implicated in the elevation of RBP4 that are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
637	19501859	However, the factors linking RBP4 to TTR in humans are not clear.
638	19501859	The RBP4 and TTR levels were quantified in plasma of 16 lean controls, 28 overweight controls, and 14 overweight T2DM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
639	19501859	Transthyretin isoforms involved in RBP4 binding were determined by linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after RBP4 coimmunoprecipitation.
640	19501859	Plasma levels of both RBP4 and TTR did not differ among the groups of lean controls, overweight controls, and overweight T2DM subjects.
641	19501859	Using RBP4 immunoprecipitation, 4 mass signals were observed for TTR representing native, S-cysteinylated, S-cysteinglycinylated, and S-glutathionylated TTR.
642	19501859	The results suggest that circulating RBP4 and TTR were not affected by human obesity or T2DM, which might be attributed to the absence of alterations of TTR isoforms and the ratio of holo- and apo-RBP4 that might modify the TTR-RBP4 interaction.
643	19501859	Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
644	19501859	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), which prevents its glomerular filtration and subsequent catabolism in the kidney.
645	19501859	Alterations of this interaction have been suggested to be implicated in the elevation of RBP4 that are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
646	19501859	However, the factors linking RBP4 to TTR in humans are not clear.
647	19501859	The RBP4 and TTR levels were quantified in plasma of 16 lean controls, 28 overweight controls, and 14 overweight T2DM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
648	19501859	Transthyretin isoforms involved in RBP4 binding were determined by linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after RBP4 coimmunoprecipitation.
649	19501859	Plasma levels of both RBP4 and TTR did not differ among the groups of lean controls, overweight controls, and overweight T2DM subjects.
650	19501859	Using RBP4 immunoprecipitation, 4 mass signals were observed for TTR representing native, S-cysteinylated, S-cysteinglycinylated, and S-glutathionylated TTR.
651	19501859	The results suggest that circulating RBP4 and TTR were not affected by human obesity or T2DM, which might be attributed to the absence of alterations of TTR isoforms and the ratio of holo- and apo-RBP4 that might modify the TTR-RBP4 interaction.
652	19501859	Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
653	19501859	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), which prevents its glomerular filtration and subsequent catabolism in the kidney.
654	19501859	Alterations of this interaction have been suggested to be implicated in the elevation of RBP4 that are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
655	19501859	However, the factors linking RBP4 to TTR in humans are not clear.
656	19501859	The RBP4 and TTR levels were quantified in plasma of 16 lean controls, 28 overweight controls, and 14 overweight T2DM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
657	19501859	Transthyretin isoforms involved in RBP4 binding were determined by linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after RBP4 coimmunoprecipitation.
658	19501859	Plasma levels of both RBP4 and TTR did not differ among the groups of lean controls, overweight controls, and overweight T2DM subjects.
659	19501859	Using RBP4 immunoprecipitation, 4 mass signals were observed for TTR representing native, S-cysteinylated, S-cysteinglycinylated, and S-glutathionylated TTR.
660	19501859	The results suggest that circulating RBP4 and TTR were not affected by human obesity or T2DM, which might be attributed to the absence of alterations of TTR isoforms and the ratio of holo- and apo-RBP4 that might modify the TTR-RBP4 interaction.
661	19501859	Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
662	19501859	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), which prevents its glomerular filtration and subsequent catabolism in the kidney.
663	19501859	Alterations of this interaction have been suggested to be implicated in the elevation of RBP4 that are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
664	19501859	However, the factors linking RBP4 to TTR in humans are not clear.
665	19501859	The RBP4 and TTR levels were quantified in plasma of 16 lean controls, 28 overweight controls, and 14 overweight T2DM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
666	19501859	Transthyretin isoforms involved in RBP4 binding were determined by linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after RBP4 coimmunoprecipitation.
667	19501859	Plasma levels of both RBP4 and TTR did not differ among the groups of lean controls, overweight controls, and overweight T2DM subjects.
668	19501859	Using RBP4 immunoprecipitation, 4 mass signals were observed for TTR representing native, S-cysteinylated, S-cysteinglycinylated, and S-glutathionylated TTR.
669	19501859	The results suggest that circulating RBP4 and TTR were not affected by human obesity or T2DM, which might be attributed to the absence of alterations of TTR isoforms and the ratio of holo- and apo-RBP4 that might modify the TTR-RBP4 interaction.
670	19501859	Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
671	19501859	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), which prevents its glomerular filtration and subsequent catabolism in the kidney.
672	19501859	Alterations of this interaction have been suggested to be implicated in the elevation of RBP4 that are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
673	19501859	However, the factors linking RBP4 to TTR in humans are not clear.
674	19501859	The RBP4 and TTR levels were quantified in plasma of 16 lean controls, 28 overweight controls, and 14 overweight T2DM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
675	19501859	Transthyretin isoforms involved in RBP4 binding were determined by linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after RBP4 coimmunoprecipitation.
676	19501859	Plasma levels of both RBP4 and TTR did not differ among the groups of lean controls, overweight controls, and overweight T2DM subjects.
677	19501859	Using RBP4 immunoprecipitation, 4 mass signals were observed for TTR representing native, S-cysteinylated, S-cysteinglycinylated, and S-glutathionylated TTR.
678	19501859	The results suggest that circulating RBP4 and TTR were not affected by human obesity or T2DM, which might be attributed to the absence of alterations of TTR isoforms and the ratio of holo- and apo-RBP4 that might modify the TTR-RBP4 interaction.
679	19501859	Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
680	19501859	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), which prevents its glomerular filtration and subsequent catabolism in the kidney.
681	19501859	Alterations of this interaction have been suggested to be implicated in the elevation of RBP4 that are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
682	19501859	However, the factors linking RBP4 to TTR in humans are not clear.
683	19501859	The RBP4 and TTR levels were quantified in plasma of 16 lean controls, 28 overweight controls, and 14 overweight T2DM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
684	19501859	Transthyretin isoforms involved in RBP4 binding were determined by linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after RBP4 coimmunoprecipitation.
685	19501859	Plasma levels of both RBP4 and TTR did not differ among the groups of lean controls, overweight controls, and overweight T2DM subjects.
686	19501859	Using RBP4 immunoprecipitation, 4 mass signals were observed for TTR representing native, S-cysteinylated, S-cysteinglycinylated, and S-glutathionylated TTR.
687	19501859	The results suggest that circulating RBP4 and TTR were not affected by human obesity or T2DM, which might be attributed to the absence of alterations of TTR isoforms and the ratio of holo- and apo-RBP4 that might modify the TTR-RBP4 interaction.
688	19501859	Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
689	19501859	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), which prevents its glomerular filtration and subsequent catabolism in the kidney.
690	19501859	Alterations of this interaction have been suggested to be implicated in the elevation of RBP4 that are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
691	19501859	However, the factors linking RBP4 to TTR in humans are not clear.
692	19501859	The RBP4 and TTR levels were quantified in plasma of 16 lean controls, 28 overweight controls, and 14 overweight T2DM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
693	19501859	Transthyretin isoforms involved in RBP4 binding were determined by linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after RBP4 coimmunoprecipitation.
694	19501859	Plasma levels of both RBP4 and TTR did not differ among the groups of lean controls, overweight controls, and overweight T2DM subjects.
695	19501859	Using RBP4 immunoprecipitation, 4 mass signals were observed for TTR representing native, S-cysteinylated, S-cysteinglycinylated, and S-glutathionylated TTR.
696	19501859	The results suggest that circulating RBP4 and TTR were not affected by human obesity or T2DM, which might be attributed to the absence of alterations of TTR isoforms and the ratio of holo- and apo-RBP4 that might modify the TTR-RBP4 interaction.
697	19501859	Factors that influence retinol-binding protein 4-transthyretin interaction are not altered in overweight subjects and overweight subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
698	19501859	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine bound in plasma to transthyretin (TTR), which prevents its glomerular filtration and subsequent catabolism in the kidney.
699	19501859	Alterations of this interaction have been suggested to be implicated in the elevation of RBP4 that are thought to contribute to the development of insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
700	19501859	However, the factors linking RBP4 to TTR in humans are not clear.
701	19501859	The RBP4 and TTR levels were quantified in plasma of 16 lean controls, 28 overweight controls, and 14 overweight T2DM patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
702	19501859	Transthyretin isoforms involved in RBP4 binding were determined by linear matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry after RBP4 coimmunoprecipitation.
703	19501859	Plasma levels of both RBP4 and TTR did not differ among the groups of lean controls, overweight controls, and overweight T2DM subjects.
704	19501859	Using RBP4 immunoprecipitation, 4 mass signals were observed for TTR representing native, S-cysteinylated, S-cysteinglycinylated, and S-glutathionylated TTR.
705	19501859	The results suggest that circulating RBP4 and TTR were not affected by human obesity or T2DM, which might be attributed to the absence of alterations of TTR isoforms and the ratio of holo- and apo-RBP4 that might modify the TTR-RBP4 interaction.
706	19597296	Retinol binding protein-4 is associated with TNF-alpha and not insulin resistance in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.
707	19597296	We studied the association between RBP4 and various markers related to insulin resistance and diabetic complications as well as inflammatory markers in Saudi population suffering from type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
708	19597296	Serum RBP4, TNF-alpha, insulin, CRP, resistin, leptin and adiponectin were analysed in all samples.
709	19597296	No correlations were found between RBP4 levels and insulin resistance in all studied groups.
710	19597296	Our findings suggest that serum RBP4 levels is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha) and is not associated with insulin resistance among patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
711	19597296	Retinol binding protein-4 is associated with TNF-alpha and not insulin resistance in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.
712	19597296	We studied the association between RBP4 and various markers related to insulin resistance and diabetic complications as well as inflammatory markers in Saudi population suffering from type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
713	19597296	Serum RBP4, TNF-alpha, insulin, CRP, resistin, leptin and adiponectin were analysed in all samples.
714	19597296	No correlations were found between RBP4 levels and insulin resistance in all studied groups.
715	19597296	Our findings suggest that serum RBP4 levels is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha) and is not associated with insulin resistance among patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
716	19597296	Retinol binding protein-4 is associated with TNF-alpha and not insulin resistance in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.
717	19597296	We studied the association between RBP4 and various markers related to insulin resistance and diabetic complications as well as inflammatory markers in Saudi population suffering from type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
718	19597296	Serum RBP4, TNF-alpha, insulin, CRP, resistin, leptin and adiponectin were analysed in all samples.
719	19597296	No correlations were found between RBP4 levels and insulin resistance in all studied groups.
720	19597296	Our findings suggest that serum RBP4 levels is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha) and is not associated with insulin resistance among patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
721	19597296	Retinol binding protein-4 is associated with TNF-alpha and not insulin resistance in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.
722	19597296	We studied the association between RBP4 and various markers related to insulin resistance and diabetic complications as well as inflammatory markers in Saudi population suffering from type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
723	19597296	Serum RBP4, TNF-alpha, insulin, CRP, resistin, leptin and adiponectin were analysed in all samples.
724	19597296	No correlations were found between RBP4 levels and insulin resistance in all studied groups.
725	19597296	Our findings suggest that serum RBP4 levels is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha) and is not associated with insulin resistance among patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
726	19597296	Retinol binding protein-4 is associated with TNF-alpha and not insulin resistance in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.
727	19597296	We studied the association between RBP4 and various markers related to insulin resistance and diabetic complications as well as inflammatory markers in Saudi population suffering from type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
728	19597296	Serum RBP4, TNF-alpha, insulin, CRP, resistin, leptin and adiponectin were analysed in all samples.
729	19597296	No correlations were found between RBP4 levels and insulin resistance in all studied groups.
730	19597296	Our findings suggest that serum RBP4 levels is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha) and is not associated with insulin resistance among patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease.
731	19671994	Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is elevated and positively associated with insulin resistance in postmenopausal women.
732	19671994	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a newly discovered adipokine, which is reported to be correlated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
733	19671994	In postmenopausal women, RBP4 correlated positively with BMI, WHR, FPI, HOMA2-IR, TG and FAI, while negatively with SHBG (p<0.05).
734	19671994	Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is elevated and positively associated with insulin resistance in postmenopausal women.
735	19671994	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a newly discovered adipokine, which is reported to be correlated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
736	19671994	In postmenopausal women, RBP4 correlated positively with BMI, WHR, FPI, HOMA2-IR, TG and FAI, while negatively with SHBG (p<0.05).
737	19671994	Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is elevated and positively associated with insulin resistance in postmenopausal women.
738	19671994	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a newly discovered adipokine, which is reported to be correlated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
739	19671994	In postmenopausal women, RBP4 correlated positively with BMI, WHR, FPI, HOMA2-IR, TG and FAI, while negatively with SHBG (p<0.05).
740	19728183	Other metabolic related components such as fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, retinol binding protein 4 were improved in TCM group, but no statistical differences was detected between the two groups.
741	19766271	Elevated serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance in older women.
742	19766271	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted from adipocytes and hepatocytes, may contribute to insulin resistance and is a potential predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
743	19766271	We investigated the association between serum RBP4 concentrations and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women.
744	19766271	Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum RBP4, and lipid parameters were examined.
745	19766271	In all subjects, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance.
746	19766271	After subgroup analysis, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance in women at least 50 years of age.
747	19766271	Serum RBP4 appears to identify age-induced insulin resistance by physiologic changes due to aging or menopause and by increasing hepatic glucose production.
748	19766271	Elevated serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance in older women.
749	19766271	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted from adipocytes and hepatocytes, may contribute to insulin resistance and is a potential predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
750	19766271	We investigated the association between serum RBP4 concentrations and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women.
751	19766271	Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum RBP4, and lipid parameters were examined.
752	19766271	In all subjects, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance.
753	19766271	After subgroup analysis, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance in women at least 50 years of age.
754	19766271	Serum RBP4 appears to identify age-induced insulin resistance by physiologic changes due to aging or menopause and by increasing hepatic glucose production.
755	19766271	Elevated serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance in older women.
756	19766271	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted from adipocytes and hepatocytes, may contribute to insulin resistance and is a potential predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
757	19766271	We investigated the association between serum RBP4 concentrations and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women.
758	19766271	Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum RBP4, and lipid parameters were examined.
759	19766271	In all subjects, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance.
760	19766271	After subgroup analysis, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance in women at least 50 years of age.
761	19766271	Serum RBP4 appears to identify age-induced insulin resistance by physiologic changes due to aging or menopause and by increasing hepatic glucose production.
762	19766271	Elevated serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance in older women.
763	19766271	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted from adipocytes and hepatocytes, may contribute to insulin resistance and is a potential predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
764	19766271	We investigated the association between serum RBP4 concentrations and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women.
765	19766271	Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum RBP4, and lipid parameters were examined.
766	19766271	In all subjects, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance.
767	19766271	After subgroup analysis, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance in women at least 50 years of age.
768	19766271	Serum RBP4 appears to identify age-induced insulin resistance by physiologic changes due to aging or menopause and by increasing hepatic glucose production.
769	19766271	Elevated serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance in older women.
770	19766271	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted from adipocytes and hepatocytes, may contribute to insulin resistance and is a potential predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
771	19766271	We investigated the association between serum RBP4 concentrations and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women.
772	19766271	Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum RBP4, and lipid parameters were examined.
773	19766271	In all subjects, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance.
774	19766271	After subgroup analysis, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance in women at least 50 years of age.
775	19766271	Serum RBP4 appears to identify age-induced insulin resistance by physiologic changes due to aging or menopause and by increasing hepatic glucose production.
776	19766271	Elevated serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance in older women.
777	19766271	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted from adipocytes and hepatocytes, may contribute to insulin resistance and is a potential predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
778	19766271	We investigated the association between serum RBP4 concentrations and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women.
779	19766271	Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum RBP4, and lipid parameters were examined.
780	19766271	In all subjects, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance.
781	19766271	After subgroup analysis, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance in women at least 50 years of age.
782	19766271	Serum RBP4 appears to identify age-induced insulin resistance by physiologic changes due to aging or menopause and by increasing hepatic glucose production.
783	19766271	Elevated serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin resistance in older women.
784	19766271	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a molecule secreted from adipocytes and hepatocytes, may contribute to insulin resistance and is a potential predictor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
785	19766271	We investigated the association between serum RBP4 concentrations and insulin resistance in perimenopausal women.
786	19766271	Fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum RBP4, and lipid parameters were examined.
787	19766271	In all subjects, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance.
788	19766271	After subgroup analysis, serum RBP4 concentrations positively correlated with age, fasting glucose, and homeostatic assessment model of insulin resistance in women at least 50 years of age.
789	19766271	Serum RBP4 appears to identify age-induced insulin resistance by physiologic changes due to aging or menopause and by increasing hepatic glucose production.
790	19769621	Adipokines in type 1 diabetes after successful pancreas transplantation: normal visfatin and retinol-binding-protein-4, but increased total adiponectin fasting concentrations.
791	19816414	Visceral fat has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); and emerging data links RBP4 gene expression in adipose tissue with insulin resistance.
792	19816414	Adipose RBP4, glucose transport protein-4 (GLUT4), and p85 protein expression were determined by western blot.
793	19816414	GLUT4 protein was decreased in both NGT (P = 0.02) and T2DM (P = 0.03), and p85 expression was increased in T2DM subjects, compared to NGT (P = 0.03) and lean controls (P = 0.003).
794	19816414	Further, in T2DM, serum RBP4 was correlated with p85 expression (r = 0.68, P = 0.01), and adipose RBP4 protein trended toward an association with p85 protein (r = 0.55, P = 0.06).
795	19816414	These data suggest that RBP4 may regulate adiposity, and p85 expression in obese-T2DM, thus providing a link to impaired insulin signaling and diabetes in severely obese patients.
796	19816414	Visceral fat has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); and emerging data links RBP4 gene expression in adipose tissue with insulin resistance.
797	19816414	Adipose RBP4, glucose transport protein-4 (GLUT4), and p85 protein expression were determined by western blot.
798	19816414	GLUT4 protein was decreased in both NGT (P = 0.02) and T2DM (P = 0.03), and p85 expression was increased in T2DM subjects, compared to NGT (P = 0.03) and lean controls (P = 0.003).
799	19816414	Further, in T2DM, serum RBP4 was correlated with p85 expression (r = 0.68, P = 0.01), and adipose RBP4 protein trended toward an association with p85 protein (r = 0.55, P = 0.06).
800	19816414	These data suggest that RBP4 may regulate adiposity, and p85 expression in obese-T2DM, thus providing a link to impaired insulin signaling and diabetes in severely obese patients.
801	19816414	Visceral fat has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); and emerging data links RBP4 gene expression in adipose tissue with insulin resistance.
802	19816414	Adipose RBP4, glucose transport protein-4 (GLUT4), and p85 protein expression were determined by western blot.
803	19816414	GLUT4 protein was decreased in both NGT (P = 0.02) and T2DM (P = 0.03), and p85 expression was increased in T2DM subjects, compared to NGT (P = 0.03) and lean controls (P = 0.003).
804	19816414	Further, in T2DM, serum RBP4 was correlated with p85 expression (r = 0.68, P = 0.01), and adipose RBP4 protein trended toward an association with p85 protein (r = 0.55, P = 0.06).
805	19816414	These data suggest that RBP4 may regulate adiposity, and p85 expression in obese-T2DM, thus providing a link to impaired insulin signaling and diabetes in severely obese patients.
806	19816414	Visceral fat has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); and emerging data links RBP4 gene expression in adipose tissue with insulin resistance.
807	19816414	Adipose RBP4, glucose transport protein-4 (GLUT4), and p85 protein expression were determined by western blot.
808	19816414	GLUT4 protein was decreased in both NGT (P = 0.02) and T2DM (P = 0.03), and p85 expression was increased in T2DM subjects, compared to NGT (P = 0.03) and lean controls (P = 0.003).
809	19816414	Further, in T2DM, serum RBP4 was correlated with p85 expression (r = 0.68, P = 0.01), and adipose RBP4 protein trended toward an association with p85 protein (r = 0.55, P = 0.06).
810	19816414	These data suggest that RBP4 may regulate adiposity, and p85 expression in obese-T2DM, thus providing a link to impaired insulin signaling and diabetes in severely obese patients.
811	19850685	Impact of type 1 diabetes and insulin treatment on plasma levels and fractional synthesis rate of retinol-binding protein 4.
812	19875582	Adipocytokines and insulin resistance: the possible role of lipocalin-2, retinol binding protein-4, and adiponectin.
813	19884767	By comparing control with EPS-fed mice, we found that at least six proteins were significantly altered in ob/ob mice, including Apo A-I, IV, C-III, E, retinol-binding protein 4, and transferrin, and their levels were interestingly normalized after EPS treatment.
814	19884767	Western blot analysis revealed that the altered levels of the two regulatory molecules highlighted in diabetes and obesity (e.g., resistin and adiponectin) were also normalized in response to EPS.
815	20019678	Subjects with T2D had higher VAT expression of molecules regulating inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP), interleukin-8 (IL-8)).
816	20019678	Fasting glucose related to VAT expression of TNFalpha, MIP, serum amyloid A (SAA), IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-8 receptor.
817	20019678	Abdominal fat mass was related to VAT expression of MIP, SAA, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREBP), IL-1beta, and IL-8.
818	20019678	There were depot-specific differences in expression of serum T2D predictors: VAT expressed higher levels of complement C3; SAT expressed higher levels of retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), adiponectin, and leptin.
819	20037278	And, obesity induced accumulation of fat in the adipose tissue leads to an imbalance in the regulation of adipokines, such as downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and ghrelin.
820	20097162	The presence of RBP4, RBP4-L, RBP4-LL and transthyretin (TTR) was assessed in serum of 45 healthy controls and 52 patients with stage 2-5 of CKD using ELISA and RBP4 immunoprecipitation with subsequent MALDI-TOF-MS analysis.
821	20159001	Visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations in lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS.
822	20159001	Recently, two novel adipokines, namely visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), have been suggested to play a role in insulin resistance and diabetes.
823	20159001	This study sought to determine whether plasma concentrations of visfatin and RBP4 are altered in PCOS by comparing a total of 27 lean, normal glucose-tolerant PCOS patients with 19 age- and body mass index-matched healthy controls.
824	20159001	The mean plasma visfatin concentrations were higher in PCOS patients than those in healthy subjects (37.9+/-18.2 versus 19.8+/-17.5, P<0.01), while RBP4 concentrations were similar between the two.
825	20159001	The results suggest that lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS have increased circulating visfatin and unaltered RBP4 concentrations compared with healthy lean women.
826	20159001	Visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations in lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS.
827	20159001	Recently, two novel adipokines, namely visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), have been suggested to play a role in insulin resistance and diabetes.
828	20159001	This study sought to determine whether plasma concentrations of visfatin and RBP4 are altered in PCOS by comparing a total of 27 lean, normal glucose-tolerant PCOS patients with 19 age- and body mass index-matched healthy controls.
829	20159001	The mean plasma visfatin concentrations were higher in PCOS patients than those in healthy subjects (37.9+/-18.2 versus 19.8+/-17.5, P<0.01), while RBP4 concentrations were similar between the two.
830	20159001	The results suggest that lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS have increased circulating visfatin and unaltered RBP4 concentrations compared with healthy lean women.
831	20159001	Visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations in lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS.
832	20159001	Recently, two novel adipokines, namely visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), have been suggested to play a role in insulin resistance and diabetes.
833	20159001	This study sought to determine whether plasma concentrations of visfatin and RBP4 are altered in PCOS by comparing a total of 27 lean, normal glucose-tolerant PCOS patients with 19 age- and body mass index-matched healthy controls.
834	20159001	The mean plasma visfatin concentrations were higher in PCOS patients than those in healthy subjects (37.9+/-18.2 versus 19.8+/-17.5, P<0.01), while RBP4 concentrations were similar between the two.
835	20159001	The results suggest that lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS have increased circulating visfatin and unaltered RBP4 concentrations compared with healthy lean women.
836	20159001	Visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations in lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS.
837	20159001	Recently, two novel adipokines, namely visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), have been suggested to play a role in insulin resistance and diabetes.
838	20159001	This study sought to determine whether plasma concentrations of visfatin and RBP4 are altered in PCOS by comparing a total of 27 lean, normal glucose-tolerant PCOS patients with 19 age- and body mass index-matched healthy controls.
839	20159001	The mean plasma visfatin concentrations were higher in PCOS patients than those in healthy subjects (37.9+/-18.2 versus 19.8+/-17.5, P<0.01), while RBP4 concentrations were similar between the two.
840	20159001	The results suggest that lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS have increased circulating visfatin and unaltered RBP4 concentrations compared with healthy lean women.
841	20159001	Visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations in lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS.
842	20159001	Recently, two novel adipokines, namely visfatin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), have been suggested to play a role in insulin resistance and diabetes.
843	20159001	This study sought to determine whether plasma concentrations of visfatin and RBP4 are altered in PCOS by comparing a total of 27 lean, normal glucose-tolerant PCOS patients with 19 age- and body mass index-matched healthy controls.
844	20159001	The mean plasma visfatin concentrations were higher in PCOS patients than those in healthy subjects (37.9+/-18.2 versus 19.8+/-17.5, P<0.01), while RBP4 concentrations were similar between the two.
845	20159001	The results suggest that lean, glucose-tolerant women with PCOS have increased circulating visfatin and unaltered RBP4 concentrations compared with healthy lean women.
846	20370670	For several adipocytokines such as leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) or fetuin-A a crucial role in the development and progression of fatty liver disease has been suggested.
847	20477413	In this review, we shall examine the evidence suggesting that several novel adipokines, adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, retinol-binding protein-4 and lipocalin-2, may hold promise as important clinical biomarkers to identify individuals at risk for the metabolic syndrome and related comorbidities.
848	20505674	We evaluated body weight, body mass index, SBP, DBP, glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, M value, adiponectin (ADN), resistin (r), retinol-binding protein 4, visfatin, vaspin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) at their baseline values and after 6 and 12 months of treatment.
849	20505674	Retinol binding protein-4, r, and the vaspin value decreased in the candesartan group but not in olmesartan group.
850	20505674	We evaluated body weight, body mass index, SBP, DBP, glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, M value, adiponectin (ADN), resistin (r), retinol-binding protein 4, visfatin, vaspin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) at their baseline values and after 6 and 12 months of treatment.
851	20505674	Retinol binding protein-4, r, and the vaspin value decreased in the candesartan group but not in olmesartan group.
852	20625434	Case-control analysis of SNPs in GLUT4, RBP4 and STRA6: association of SNPs in STRA6 with type 2 diabetes in a South Indian population.
853	20683173	Two hundred and fifty-eight patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) > 8.0%] in therapy with different oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin were enrolled in this study and randomised to take orlistat 120 mg three times a day plus L-carnitine 2 g one time a day or orlistat 120 mg three times a day.
854	20683173	We evaluated at baseline, and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months these parameters: body weight, body mass index (BMI), HbA(1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (Tg), retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), resistin, visfatin, high sensitivity-C reactive protein (Hs-CRP).
855	20683173	We observed a faster, and better decrease of body weight, HbA(1c), FPG, PPG, LDL-C, HOMA-IR with orlistat plus L-carnitine compared to orlistat.
856	20683173	A faster improvement of TC, Tg, FPI, resistin, RBP-4, visfatin, and Hs-CRP was reached with orlistat plus L-carnitine compared to orlistat.
857	20683173	Two hundred and fifty-eight patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) > 8.0%] in therapy with different oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin were enrolled in this study and randomised to take orlistat 120 mg three times a day plus L-carnitine 2 g one time a day or orlistat 120 mg three times a day.
858	20683173	We evaluated at baseline, and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months these parameters: body weight, body mass index (BMI), HbA(1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (Tg), retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), resistin, visfatin, high sensitivity-C reactive protein (Hs-CRP).
859	20683173	We observed a faster, and better decrease of body weight, HbA(1c), FPG, PPG, LDL-C, HOMA-IR with orlistat plus L-carnitine compared to orlistat.
860	20683173	A faster improvement of TC, Tg, FPI, resistin, RBP-4, visfatin, and Hs-CRP was reached with orlistat plus L-carnitine compared to orlistat.
861	20798476	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), one of the new adipocytokine, is recently reported to provide a link between insulin resistance and features of metabolic factors.
862	20798476	We examined the relationship between systolic blood pressure (BP) levels and metabolic factors including homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R), high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, and RBP4.
863	20798476	Systolic BP was positively correlated with HOMA-R, hs-CRP and RBP4 but not with adiponectin in women.
864	20798476	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), one of the new adipocytokine, is recently reported to provide a link between insulin resistance and features of metabolic factors.
865	20798476	We examined the relationship between systolic blood pressure (BP) levels and metabolic factors including homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R), high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, and RBP4.
866	20798476	Systolic BP was positively correlated with HOMA-R, hs-CRP and RBP4 but not with adiponectin in women.
867	20798476	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), one of the new adipocytokine, is recently reported to provide a link between insulin resistance and features of metabolic factors.
868	20798476	We examined the relationship between systolic blood pressure (BP) levels and metabolic factors including homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R), high sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP), adiponectin, and RBP4.
869	20798476	Systolic BP was positively correlated with HOMA-R, hs-CRP and RBP4 but not with adiponectin in women.
870	20929509	Serum retinol-binding protein 4 is associated with insulin secretion in Chinese people with normal glucose tolerance.
871	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2-synthase correlate with markers of inflammatory activity, alcohol intake and blood lipids, but not with insulin sensitivity in metabolically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men.
872	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) have been suggested to mediate obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic co-morbidities.
873	21104585	Therefore, we examined the correlations between serum levels of RBP-4, L-PGDS and lipocalin-2 and insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters in non-diabetic subjects selected to display variations in insulin sensitivity. 100 clinically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men were selected by stratified sampling among 818 screened subjects to represent quintiles of varying degrees of insulin sensitivity.
874	21104585	However, we found that lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were correlated with each other, but not with RBP-4.
875	21104585	Lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were positively correlated with soluble TNF- receptors 1 and 2 and negatively with alcohol consumption and serum HDL.
876	21104585	Further, lipocalin-2 was correlated with interleukin-6 whereas RBP-4 was negatively correlated with TNF-α.
877	21104585	□These results suggest that RBP-4, lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS do not regulate insulin sensitivity in healthy men.
878	21104585	Rather the expression levels of lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS, but not RBP-4, seemed to reflect inflammatory activity and were inversely correlated with alcohol intake and serum HDL levels.
879	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2-synthase correlate with markers of inflammatory activity, alcohol intake and blood lipids, but not with insulin sensitivity in metabolically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men.
880	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) have been suggested to mediate obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic co-morbidities.
881	21104585	Therefore, we examined the correlations between serum levels of RBP-4, L-PGDS and lipocalin-2 and insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters in non-diabetic subjects selected to display variations in insulin sensitivity. 100 clinically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men were selected by stratified sampling among 818 screened subjects to represent quintiles of varying degrees of insulin sensitivity.
882	21104585	However, we found that lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were correlated with each other, but not with RBP-4.
883	21104585	Lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were positively correlated with soluble TNF- receptors 1 and 2 and negatively with alcohol consumption and serum HDL.
884	21104585	Further, lipocalin-2 was correlated with interleukin-6 whereas RBP-4 was negatively correlated with TNF-α.
885	21104585	□These results suggest that RBP-4, lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS do not regulate insulin sensitivity in healthy men.
886	21104585	Rather the expression levels of lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS, but not RBP-4, seemed to reflect inflammatory activity and were inversely correlated with alcohol intake and serum HDL levels.
887	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2-synthase correlate with markers of inflammatory activity, alcohol intake and blood lipids, but not with insulin sensitivity in metabolically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men.
888	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) have been suggested to mediate obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic co-morbidities.
889	21104585	Therefore, we examined the correlations between serum levels of RBP-4, L-PGDS and lipocalin-2 and insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters in non-diabetic subjects selected to display variations in insulin sensitivity. 100 clinically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men were selected by stratified sampling among 818 screened subjects to represent quintiles of varying degrees of insulin sensitivity.
890	21104585	However, we found that lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were correlated with each other, but not with RBP-4.
891	21104585	Lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were positively correlated with soluble TNF- receptors 1 and 2 and negatively with alcohol consumption and serum HDL.
892	21104585	Further, lipocalin-2 was correlated with interleukin-6 whereas RBP-4 was negatively correlated with TNF-α.
893	21104585	□These results suggest that RBP-4, lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS do not regulate insulin sensitivity in healthy men.
894	21104585	Rather the expression levels of lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS, but not RBP-4, seemed to reflect inflammatory activity and were inversely correlated with alcohol intake and serum HDL levels.
895	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2-synthase correlate with markers of inflammatory activity, alcohol intake and blood lipids, but not with insulin sensitivity in metabolically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men.
896	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) have been suggested to mediate obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic co-morbidities.
897	21104585	Therefore, we examined the correlations between serum levels of RBP-4, L-PGDS and lipocalin-2 and insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters in non-diabetic subjects selected to display variations in insulin sensitivity. 100 clinically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men were selected by stratified sampling among 818 screened subjects to represent quintiles of varying degrees of insulin sensitivity.
898	21104585	However, we found that lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were correlated with each other, but not with RBP-4.
899	21104585	Lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were positively correlated with soluble TNF- receptors 1 and 2 and negatively with alcohol consumption and serum HDL.
900	21104585	Further, lipocalin-2 was correlated with interleukin-6 whereas RBP-4 was negatively correlated with TNF-α.
901	21104585	□These results suggest that RBP-4, lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS do not regulate insulin sensitivity in healthy men.
902	21104585	Rather the expression levels of lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS, but not RBP-4, seemed to reflect inflammatory activity and were inversely correlated with alcohol intake and serum HDL levels.
903	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2-synthase correlate with markers of inflammatory activity, alcohol intake and blood lipids, but not with insulin sensitivity in metabolically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men.
904	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) have been suggested to mediate obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic co-morbidities.
905	21104585	Therefore, we examined the correlations between serum levels of RBP-4, L-PGDS and lipocalin-2 and insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters in non-diabetic subjects selected to display variations in insulin sensitivity. 100 clinically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men were selected by stratified sampling among 818 screened subjects to represent quintiles of varying degrees of insulin sensitivity.
906	21104585	However, we found that lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were correlated with each other, but not with RBP-4.
907	21104585	Lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were positively correlated with soluble TNF- receptors 1 and 2 and negatively with alcohol consumption and serum HDL.
908	21104585	Further, lipocalin-2 was correlated with interleukin-6 whereas RBP-4 was negatively correlated with TNF-α.
909	21104585	□These results suggest that RBP-4, lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS do not regulate insulin sensitivity in healthy men.
910	21104585	Rather the expression levels of lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS, but not RBP-4, seemed to reflect inflammatory activity and were inversely correlated with alcohol intake and serum HDL levels.
911	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2-synthase correlate with markers of inflammatory activity, alcohol intake and blood lipids, but not with insulin sensitivity in metabolically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men.
912	21104585	The lipocalins retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4, lipocalin-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D-synthase (L-PGDS) have been suggested to mediate obesity-associated insulin resistance and other metabolic co-morbidities.
913	21104585	Therefore, we examined the correlations between serum levels of RBP-4, L-PGDS and lipocalin-2 and insulin sensitivity and other metabolic parameters in non-diabetic subjects selected to display variations in insulin sensitivity. 100 clinically healthy 58-year-old Swedish men were selected by stratified sampling among 818 screened subjects to represent quintiles of varying degrees of insulin sensitivity.
914	21104585	However, we found that lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were correlated with each other, but not with RBP-4.
915	21104585	Lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS were positively correlated with soluble TNF- receptors 1 and 2 and negatively with alcohol consumption and serum HDL.
916	21104585	Further, lipocalin-2 was correlated with interleukin-6 whereas RBP-4 was negatively correlated with TNF-α.
917	21104585	□These results suggest that RBP-4, lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS do not regulate insulin sensitivity in healthy men.
918	21104585	Rather the expression levels of lipocalin-2 and L-PGDS, but not RBP-4, seemed to reflect inflammatory activity and were inversely correlated with alcohol intake and serum HDL levels.
919	21537437	The purpose of this review will be to examine the reported effects of commonly used lipid-lowering drugs (statins, fibrates, niacin and omega-3-fatty acids) on the circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α), Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and resistin.
920	21537437	Overall, the lipid-lowering drugs reviewed have minimal effects on leptin and resistin concentrations.Conversely, circulating adiponectin concentrations are consistently increased by each lipid-lowering drug reviewed with the greatest effects produced by niacin.
921	21537437	Niacin and fibrates appear to lower RBP4 but not resistin concentrations.
922	21537437	The purpose of this review will be to examine the reported effects of commonly used lipid-lowering drugs (statins, fibrates, niacin and omega-3-fatty acids) on the circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis-factor-α (TNF-α), Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and resistin.
923	21537437	Overall, the lipid-lowering drugs reviewed have minimal effects on leptin and resistin concentrations.Conversely, circulating adiponectin concentrations are consistently increased by each lipid-lowering drug reviewed with the greatest effects produced by niacin.
924	21537437	Niacin and fibrates appear to lower RBP4 but not resistin concentrations.
925	21538175	Susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance in the APP (SWE)/PSEN1 (A246E) mouse model of Alzheimer's disease is associated with increased brain levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and basal phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein.
926	21808585	Adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and leptin are a few such proteins.
927	21808585	Adiponectin is a multimeric protein, acting via its identified receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2.
928	21808585	Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and ameliorates obesity.
929	21808585	Resistin, another protein secreted by the adipose tissue, derived its name due to its involvement in the development of insulin resistance.
930	21808585	Leptin resistance has been associated with development of obesity and insulin resistance.
931	21835764	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a recently identified adipokine suggested to link obesity with its comorbidities, especially insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and certain components of the metabolic syndrome.
932	21869928	The secretion of several adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aFABP), and visfatin, is altered in subjects with abdominal adiposity; these endocrine alterations could contribute to increased cardiovascular risk.
933	21869928	The aim of the study was to assess the relationship among adiponectin, RBP4, aFABP, and visfatin, and incident cardiovascular disease.
934	21869928	The present study confirms that low adiponectin is associated with increased incidents of IHD, but not CVD, and suggests, for the first time, a major effect of visfatin, aFABP, and RBP4 in the development of cardiovascular disease.
935	21869928	The secretion of several adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aFABP), and visfatin, is altered in subjects with abdominal adiposity; these endocrine alterations could contribute to increased cardiovascular risk.
936	21869928	The aim of the study was to assess the relationship among adiponectin, RBP4, aFABP, and visfatin, and incident cardiovascular disease.
937	21869928	The present study confirms that low adiponectin is associated with increased incidents of IHD, but not CVD, and suggests, for the first time, a major effect of visfatin, aFABP, and RBP4 in the development of cardiovascular disease.
938	21869928	The secretion of several adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aFABP), and visfatin, is altered in subjects with abdominal adiposity; these endocrine alterations could contribute to increased cardiovascular risk.
939	21869928	The aim of the study was to assess the relationship among adiponectin, RBP4, aFABP, and visfatin, and incident cardiovascular disease.
940	21869928	The present study confirms that low adiponectin is associated with increased incidents of IHD, but not CVD, and suggests, for the first time, a major effect of visfatin, aFABP, and RBP4 in the development of cardiovascular disease.
941	21983273	Conflicting data have been reported regarding the role of retinol-binding protein (RBP4) in insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
942	22019947	The levels of serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, interleukin-18, and retinol-binding protein 4 were measured.
943	22200617	Described herein are the traditional as well as endocrine roles of adipose tissue in controlling energy metabolism and their dysregulation in obesity that leads to development of cardiometabolic disorders, with a focus on what is currently known regarding the characteristics and roles in both health and disease of the adipocyte-derived adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and retinol binding protein 4, and the resident macrophage-derived adipokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6.
944	22299476	The eGFR should be taken into account when evaluating the role of RBP4 in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM.
945	22307870	Effect of obesity and glycemic control on serum lipocalins and insulin-like growth factor axis in type 2 diabetic patients.
946	22307870	We aimed at determination of serum retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in T2DM patients with the impact of obesity and glycemic control on them and their relation to β-cell function.
947	22307870	Serum insulin, RBP-4, LCN-2, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 estimated by ELISA were examined in 32 T2DM patients and age- and sex-matched 20 healthy controls.
948	22307870	Significant elevation was observed in serum RBP-4 (P < 0.001), LCN-2 (P < 0.01), and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (P < 0.05) in T2DM patients in comparison with healthy controls.
949	22307870	However, RBP-4 and IGF/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were higher in uncontrolled than in controlled diabetic patients at P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively.
950	22307870	Moreover, RBP-4, LCN-2, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were negatively correlated with β-cell function.
951	22307870	In conclusion, serum RBP-4 and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio but not LCN-2 were prominently elevated with poor glycemic control rather than obesity in T2DM patients.
952	22307870	Whereas, declining β-cell function is associated with elevation of serum RBP-4, LCN-2 as well as IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio.
953	22307870	Effect of obesity and glycemic control on serum lipocalins and insulin-like growth factor axis in type 2 diabetic patients.
954	22307870	We aimed at determination of serum retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in T2DM patients with the impact of obesity and glycemic control on them and their relation to β-cell function.
955	22307870	Serum insulin, RBP-4, LCN-2, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 estimated by ELISA were examined in 32 T2DM patients and age- and sex-matched 20 healthy controls.
956	22307870	Significant elevation was observed in serum RBP-4 (P < 0.001), LCN-2 (P < 0.01), and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (P < 0.05) in T2DM patients in comparison with healthy controls.
957	22307870	However, RBP-4 and IGF/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were higher in uncontrolled than in controlled diabetic patients at P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively.
958	22307870	Moreover, RBP-4, LCN-2, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were negatively correlated with β-cell function.
959	22307870	In conclusion, serum RBP-4 and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio but not LCN-2 were prominently elevated with poor glycemic control rather than obesity in T2DM patients.
960	22307870	Whereas, declining β-cell function is associated with elevation of serum RBP-4, LCN-2 as well as IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio.
961	22307870	Effect of obesity and glycemic control on serum lipocalins and insulin-like growth factor axis in type 2 diabetic patients.
962	22307870	We aimed at determination of serum retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in T2DM patients with the impact of obesity and glycemic control on them and their relation to β-cell function.
963	22307870	Serum insulin, RBP-4, LCN-2, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 estimated by ELISA were examined in 32 T2DM patients and age- and sex-matched 20 healthy controls.
964	22307870	Significant elevation was observed in serum RBP-4 (P < 0.001), LCN-2 (P < 0.01), and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (P < 0.05) in T2DM patients in comparison with healthy controls.
965	22307870	However, RBP-4 and IGF/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were higher in uncontrolled than in controlled diabetic patients at P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively.
966	22307870	Moreover, RBP-4, LCN-2, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were negatively correlated with β-cell function.
967	22307870	In conclusion, serum RBP-4 and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio but not LCN-2 were prominently elevated with poor glycemic control rather than obesity in T2DM patients.
968	22307870	Whereas, declining β-cell function is associated with elevation of serum RBP-4, LCN-2 as well as IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio.
969	22307870	Effect of obesity and glycemic control on serum lipocalins and insulin-like growth factor axis in type 2 diabetic patients.
970	22307870	We aimed at determination of serum retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in T2DM patients with the impact of obesity and glycemic control on them and their relation to β-cell function.
971	22307870	Serum insulin, RBP-4, LCN-2, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 estimated by ELISA were examined in 32 T2DM patients and age- and sex-matched 20 healthy controls.
972	22307870	Significant elevation was observed in serum RBP-4 (P < 0.001), LCN-2 (P < 0.01), and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (P < 0.05) in T2DM patients in comparison with healthy controls.
973	22307870	However, RBP-4 and IGF/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were higher in uncontrolled than in controlled diabetic patients at P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively.
974	22307870	Moreover, RBP-4, LCN-2, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were negatively correlated with β-cell function.
975	22307870	In conclusion, serum RBP-4 and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio but not LCN-2 were prominently elevated with poor glycemic control rather than obesity in T2DM patients.
976	22307870	Whereas, declining β-cell function is associated with elevation of serum RBP-4, LCN-2 as well as IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio.
977	22307870	Effect of obesity and glycemic control on serum lipocalins and insulin-like growth factor axis in type 2 diabetic patients.
978	22307870	We aimed at determination of serum retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in T2DM patients with the impact of obesity and glycemic control on them and their relation to β-cell function.
979	22307870	Serum insulin, RBP-4, LCN-2, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 estimated by ELISA were examined in 32 T2DM patients and age- and sex-matched 20 healthy controls.
980	22307870	Significant elevation was observed in serum RBP-4 (P < 0.001), LCN-2 (P < 0.01), and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (P < 0.05) in T2DM patients in comparison with healthy controls.
981	22307870	However, RBP-4 and IGF/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were higher in uncontrolled than in controlled diabetic patients at P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively.
982	22307870	Moreover, RBP-4, LCN-2, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were negatively correlated with β-cell function.
983	22307870	In conclusion, serum RBP-4 and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio but not LCN-2 were prominently elevated with poor glycemic control rather than obesity in T2DM patients.
984	22307870	Whereas, declining β-cell function is associated with elevation of serum RBP-4, LCN-2 as well as IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio.
985	22307870	Effect of obesity and glycemic control on serum lipocalins and insulin-like growth factor axis in type 2 diabetic patients.
986	22307870	We aimed at determination of serum retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in T2DM patients with the impact of obesity and glycemic control on them and their relation to β-cell function.
987	22307870	Serum insulin, RBP-4, LCN-2, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 estimated by ELISA were examined in 32 T2DM patients and age- and sex-matched 20 healthy controls.
988	22307870	Significant elevation was observed in serum RBP-4 (P < 0.001), LCN-2 (P < 0.01), and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (P < 0.05) in T2DM patients in comparison with healthy controls.
989	22307870	However, RBP-4 and IGF/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were higher in uncontrolled than in controlled diabetic patients at P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively.
990	22307870	Moreover, RBP-4, LCN-2, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were negatively correlated with β-cell function.
991	22307870	In conclusion, serum RBP-4 and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio but not LCN-2 were prominently elevated with poor glycemic control rather than obesity in T2DM patients.
992	22307870	Whereas, declining β-cell function is associated with elevation of serum RBP-4, LCN-2 as well as IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio.
993	22307870	Effect of obesity and glycemic control on serum lipocalins and insulin-like growth factor axis in type 2 diabetic patients.
994	22307870	We aimed at determination of serum retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and its binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in T2DM patients with the impact of obesity and glycemic control on them and their relation to β-cell function.
995	22307870	Serum insulin, RBP-4, LCN-2, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 estimated by ELISA were examined in 32 T2DM patients and age- and sex-matched 20 healthy controls.
996	22307870	Significant elevation was observed in serum RBP-4 (P < 0.001), LCN-2 (P < 0.01), and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio (P < 0.05) in T2DM patients in comparison with healthy controls.
997	22307870	However, RBP-4 and IGF/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were higher in uncontrolled than in controlled diabetic patients at P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively.
998	22307870	Moreover, RBP-4, LCN-2, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were negatively correlated with β-cell function.
999	22307870	In conclusion, serum RBP-4 and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio but not LCN-2 were prominently elevated with poor glycemic control rather than obesity in T2DM patients.
1000	22307870	Whereas, declining β-cell function is associated with elevation of serum RBP-4, LCN-2 as well as IGF-I/IGFBP-3 molar ratio.
1001	22308028	We found that increase of apo-/holo-RBP4 concentration ratio delayed the displacement of RBP4 with "stimulated by retinoic acid 6" (STRA6), enhanced Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT5 cascade, up-regulated adenylate cyclase 6 (AC6), increased cAMP, enhanced JNK1/p38 cascade, suppressed CRBP-I/RARα (cellular retinol-binding protein/retinoic acid receptor α) expression, and led to apoptosis in HK-2 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
1002	22308028	Furthermore, STRA6, JAK2, STAT5, JNK1, or p38 siRNA and cAMP-PKA inhibitor reversed the repression of CRBP-I/RARα and apoptosis in apo-RBP4 stimulation.
1003	22415878	Deletion of the androgen receptor in adipose tissue in male mice elevates retinol binding protein 4 and reveals independent effects on visceral fat mass and on glucose homeostasis.
1004	22415878	Testosterone-deficient males and global androgen receptor (AR) knockout mice are insulin resistant with increased fat, but it is unclear whether AR signaling in adipose tissue mediates body fat redistribution and alters glucose homoeostasis.
1005	22431523	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1006	22431523	Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease.
1007	22431523	Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown.
1008	22431523	Here we show that RBP4 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse and human macrophages and thereby indirectly inhibits insulin signaling in cocultured adipocytes.
1009	22431523	This occurs through activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways independent of the RBP4 receptor, STRA6.
1010	22431523	RBP4 effects are markedly attenuated in JNK1-/- JNK2-/- macrophages and TLR4-/- macrophages.
1011	22431523	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.
1012	22431523	Thus, RBP4 may cause insulin resistance by contributing to the development of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue through activation of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
1013	22431523	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.
1014	22431523	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1015	22431523	Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease.
1016	22431523	Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown.
1017	22431523	Here we show that RBP4 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse and human macrophages and thereby indirectly inhibits insulin signaling in cocultured adipocytes.
1018	22431523	This occurs through activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways independent of the RBP4 receptor, STRA6.
1019	22431523	RBP4 effects are markedly attenuated in JNK1-/- JNK2-/- macrophages and TLR4-/- macrophages.
1020	22431523	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.
1021	22431523	Thus, RBP4 may cause insulin resistance by contributing to the development of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue through activation of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
1022	22431523	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.
1023	22431523	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1024	22431523	Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease.
1025	22431523	Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown.
1026	22431523	Here we show that RBP4 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse and human macrophages and thereby indirectly inhibits insulin signaling in cocultured adipocytes.
1027	22431523	This occurs through activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways independent of the RBP4 receptor, STRA6.
1028	22431523	RBP4 effects are markedly attenuated in JNK1-/- JNK2-/- macrophages and TLR4-/- macrophages.
1029	22431523	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.
1030	22431523	Thus, RBP4 may cause insulin resistance by contributing to the development of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue through activation of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
1031	22431523	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.
1032	22431523	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1033	22431523	Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease.
1034	22431523	Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown.
1035	22431523	Here we show that RBP4 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse and human macrophages and thereby indirectly inhibits insulin signaling in cocultured adipocytes.
1036	22431523	This occurs through activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways independent of the RBP4 receptor, STRA6.
1037	22431523	RBP4 effects are markedly attenuated in JNK1-/- JNK2-/- macrophages and TLR4-/- macrophages.
1038	22431523	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.
1039	22431523	Thus, RBP4 may cause insulin resistance by contributing to the development of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue through activation of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
1040	22431523	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.
1041	22431523	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1042	22431523	Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease.
1043	22431523	Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown.
1044	22431523	Here we show that RBP4 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse and human macrophages and thereby indirectly inhibits insulin signaling in cocultured adipocytes.
1045	22431523	This occurs through activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways independent of the RBP4 receptor, STRA6.
1046	22431523	RBP4 effects are markedly attenuated in JNK1-/- JNK2-/- macrophages and TLR4-/- macrophages.
1047	22431523	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.
1048	22431523	Thus, RBP4 may cause insulin resistance by contributing to the development of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue through activation of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
1049	22431523	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.
1050	22431523	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1051	22431523	Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease.
1052	22431523	Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown.
1053	22431523	Here we show that RBP4 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse and human macrophages and thereby indirectly inhibits insulin signaling in cocultured adipocytes.
1054	22431523	This occurs through activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways independent of the RBP4 receptor, STRA6.
1055	22431523	RBP4 effects are markedly attenuated in JNK1-/- JNK2-/- macrophages and TLR4-/- macrophages.
1056	22431523	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.
1057	22431523	Thus, RBP4 may cause insulin resistance by contributing to the development of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue through activation of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
1058	22431523	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.
1059	22431523	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1060	22431523	Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease.
1061	22431523	Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown.
1062	22431523	Here we show that RBP4 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse and human macrophages and thereby indirectly inhibits insulin signaling in cocultured adipocytes.
1063	22431523	This occurs through activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways independent of the RBP4 receptor, STRA6.
1064	22431523	RBP4 effects are markedly attenuated in JNK1-/- JNK2-/- macrophages and TLR4-/- macrophages.
1065	22431523	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.
1066	22431523	Thus, RBP4 may cause insulin resistance by contributing to the development of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue through activation of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
1067	22431523	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.
1068	22431523	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1069	22431523	Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease.
1070	22431523	Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown.
1071	22431523	Here we show that RBP4 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse and human macrophages and thereby indirectly inhibits insulin signaling in cocultured adipocytes.
1072	22431523	This occurs through activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways independent of the RBP4 receptor, STRA6.
1073	22431523	RBP4 effects are markedly attenuated in JNK1-/- JNK2-/- macrophages and TLR4-/- macrophages.
1074	22431523	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.
1075	22431523	Thus, RBP4 may cause insulin resistance by contributing to the development of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue through activation of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
1076	22431523	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.
1077	22431523	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1078	22431523	Serum RBP4 levels correlate highly with insulin resistance, other metabolic syndrome factors, and cardiovascular disease.
1079	22431523	Elevated serum RBP4 causes insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms are unknown.
1080	22431523	Here we show that RBP4 induces expression of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse and human macrophages and thereby indirectly inhibits insulin signaling in cocultured adipocytes.
1081	22431523	This occurs through activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways independent of the RBP4 receptor, STRA6.
1082	22431523	RBP4 effects are markedly attenuated in JNK1-/- JNK2-/- macrophages and TLR4-/- macrophages.
1083	22431523	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.
1084	22431523	Thus, RBP4 may cause insulin resistance by contributing to the development of an inflammatory state in adipose tissue through activation of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.
1085	22431523	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.
1086	22491740	Induction of insulin resistance by the adipokines resistin, leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and retinol binding protein 4 in human megakaryocytes.
1087	22550485	Research has recently focused on a group of substances produced mainly by adipose tissue called adipokines, this group including, among others, adiponectin, leptin, Retinol-Binding Protein-4 (RBP-4), and resistin.
1088	22550485	These substances as well as other inflammatory mediators (CRP, IL-6, PAI-1, TNF-α) seem to play an important role in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity dysregulation in women with pGDM.
1089	22645513	SGBS adipocytes are capable of fat cell-specific metabolic functions such as insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, insulin-stimulated de novo lipogenesis and β-adrenergic-stimulated lipolysis and they secrete typical adipokines including leptin, adiponectin, and RBP4.
1090	22678621	Lower protein representations in diabetic subjects were associated with Tamm-Horsfall urinary glycoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I, apolipoprotein E, α2-thiol proteinase inhibitor, and human complement regulatory protein CD59, while higher protein representations were found for α-1-microglobulin, zinc-α2 glycoprotein, α-1B glycoprotein, and retinol-binding protein 4.
1091	22736507	Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy-based analysis revealed increases in urinary proteins that are early indicators of DN (e.g., cystatin C, clusterin, cathepsin B, retinol binding protein 4, and peroxiredoxin-1) in the STZ group, which were blocked by suramin.
1092	22736507	Endothelial intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) activation, leukocyte infiltration, and inflammation; transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling; TGF-β1/SMAD-3-activated fibrogenic markers fibronectin-1, α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen 1A2; activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (STAT-3), respectively, were all increased in STZ rats and suramin blocked these changes.
1093	22736507	In conclusion, delayed administration of suramin attenuated 1) urinary markers of DN, 2) inflammation by blocking NF-κB activation and ICAM-1-mediated leukocyte infiltration, and 3) fibrosis by blocking STAT-3 and TGF-β1/SMAD-3 signaling.
1094	22855337	Cardiometabolic correlates and heritability of fetuin-A, retinol-binding protein 4, and fatty-acid binding protein 4 in the Framingham Heart Study.
1095	23071093	Retinol-binding protein 4 induces inflammation in human endothelial cells by an NADPH oxidase- and nuclear factor kappa B-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1096	23071093	Here we show that RBP4 induces inflammation in primary human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by stimulating expression of proinflammatory molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment and adherence to endothelium, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
1097	23071093	We demonstrate that these novel effects of RBP4 are independent of retinol and the RBP4 membrane receptor STRA6 and occur in part via activation of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB.
1098	23071093	Retinol-binding protein 4 induces inflammation in human endothelial cells by an NADPH oxidase- and nuclear factor kappa B-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1099	23071093	Here we show that RBP4 induces inflammation in primary human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by stimulating expression of proinflammatory molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment and adherence to endothelium, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
1100	23071093	We demonstrate that these novel effects of RBP4 are independent of retinol and the RBP4 membrane receptor STRA6 and occur in part via activation of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB.
1101	23071093	Retinol-binding protein 4 induces inflammation in human endothelial cells by an NADPH oxidase- and nuclear factor kappa B-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.
1102	23071093	Here we show that RBP4 induces inflammation in primary human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by stimulating expression of proinflammatory molecules involved in leukocyte recruitment and adherence to endothelium, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
1103	23071093	We demonstrate that these novel effects of RBP4 are independent of retinol and the RBP4 membrane receptor STRA6 and occur in part via activation of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB.
1104	23087360	Retinol-binding protein 4 is an independent factor associated with triglycerides and a determinant of very low-density lipoprotein-apolipoprotein B100 catabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
1105	23105095	The only known high affinity receptor for RBP4, Stra6, is not expressed in the liver.
1106	23129325	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.
1107	23129325	Although this complex formation is thought to prevent glomerular filtration of RBP4, it also stabilizes the quaternary structure of TTR.
1108	23129325	Herein, we critically examine the probable mechanisms involved in the regulation of RBP4 and TTR levels during T2D and T1D.
1109	23129325	The available evidences point to the involvement of pancreatic factors in regulating the expression of both RBP4 and TTR.
1110	23129325	It appears that during T1D, TTR levels are reduced and it exists predominantly as a monomer that may interfere its interaction with RBP4 resulting in its loss through glomerular filtration.
1111	23129325	However, plasma TTR levels remain high under T2D conditions and thus reducing glomerular filtration of RBP4.
1112	23129325	Therefore, the plasma TTR levels appear to be an important determinant of plasma RBP4 levels in these two diabetic conditions.
1113	23129325	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.
1114	23129325	Although this complex formation is thought to prevent glomerular filtration of RBP4, it also stabilizes the quaternary structure of TTR.
1115	23129325	Herein, we critically examine the probable mechanisms involved in the regulation of RBP4 and TTR levels during T2D and T1D.
1116	23129325	The available evidences point to the involvement of pancreatic factors in regulating the expression of both RBP4 and TTR.
1117	23129325	It appears that during T1D, TTR levels are reduced and it exists predominantly as a monomer that may interfere its interaction with RBP4 resulting in its loss through glomerular filtration.
1118	23129325	However, plasma TTR levels remain high under T2D conditions and thus reducing glomerular filtration of RBP4.
1119	23129325	Therefore, the plasma TTR levels appear to be an important determinant of plasma RBP4 levels in these two diabetic conditions.
1120	23129325	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.
1121	23129325	Although this complex formation is thought to prevent glomerular filtration of RBP4, it also stabilizes the quaternary structure of TTR.
1122	23129325	Herein, we critically examine the probable mechanisms involved in the regulation of RBP4 and TTR levels during T2D and T1D.
1123	23129325	The available evidences point to the involvement of pancreatic factors in regulating the expression of both RBP4 and TTR.
1124	23129325	It appears that during T1D, TTR levels are reduced and it exists predominantly as a monomer that may interfere its interaction with RBP4 resulting in its loss through glomerular filtration.
1125	23129325	However, plasma TTR levels remain high under T2D conditions and thus reducing glomerular filtration of RBP4.
1126	23129325	Therefore, the plasma TTR levels appear to be an important determinant of plasma RBP4 levels in these two diabetic conditions.
1127	23129325	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.
1128	23129325	Although this complex formation is thought to prevent glomerular filtration of RBP4, it also stabilizes the quaternary structure of TTR.
1129	23129325	Herein, we critically examine the probable mechanisms involved in the regulation of RBP4 and TTR levels during T2D and T1D.
1130	23129325	The available evidences point to the involvement of pancreatic factors in regulating the expression of both RBP4 and TTR.
1131	23129325	It appears that during T1D, TTR levels are reduced and it exists predominantly as a monomer that may interfere its interaction with RBP4 resulting in its loss through glomerular filtration.
1132	23129325	However, plasma TTR levels remain high under T2D conditions and thus reducing glomerular filtration of RBP4.
1133	23129325	Therefore, the plasma TTR levels appear to be an important determinant of plasma RBP4 levels in these two diabetic conditions.
1134	23129325	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.
1135	23129325	Although this complex formation is thought to prevent glomerular filtration of RBP4, it also stabilizes the quaternary structure of TTR.
1136	23129325	Herein, we critically examine the probable mechanisms involved in the regulation of RBP4 and TTR levels during T2D and T1D.
1137	23129325	The available evidences point to the involvement of pancreatic factors in regulating the expression of both RBP4 and TTR.
1138	23129325	It appears that during T1D, TTR levels are reduced and it exists predominantly as a monomer that may interfere its interaction with RBP4 resulting in its loss through glomerular filtration.
1139	23129325	However, plasma TTR levels remain high under T2D conditions and thus reducing glomerular filtration of RBP4.
1140	23129325	Therefore, the plasma TTR levels appear to be an important determinant of plasma RBP4 levels in these two diabetic conditions.
1141	23129325	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.
1142	23129325	Although this complex formation is thought to prevent glomerular filtration of RBP4, it also stabilizes the quaternary structure of TTR.
1143	23129325	Herein, we critically examine the probable mechanisms involved in the regulation of RBP4 and TTR levels during T2D and T1D.
1144	23129325	The available evidences point to the involvement of pancreatic factors in regulating the expression of both RBP4 and TTR.
1145	23129325	It appears that during T1D, TTR levels are reduced and it exists predominantly as a monomer that may interfere its interaction with RBP4 resulting in its loss through glomerular filtration.
1146	23129325	However, plasma TTR levels remain high under T2D conditions and thus reducing glomerular filtration of RBP4.
1147	23129325	Therefore, the plasma TTR levels appear to be an important determinant of plasma RBP4 levels in these two diabetic conditions.
1148	23129325	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.
1149	23129325	Although this complex formation is thought to prevent glomerular filtration of RBP4, it also stabilizes the quaternary structure of TTR.
1150	23129325	Herein, we critically examine the probable mechanisms involved in the regulation of RBP4 and TTR levels during T2D and T1D.
1151	23129325	The available evidences point to the involvement of pancreatic factors in regulating the expression of both RBP4 and TTR.
1152	23129325	It appears that during T1D, TTR levels are reduced and it exists predominantly as a monomer that may interfere its interaction with RBP4 resulting in its loss through glomerular filtration.
1153	23129325	However, plasma TTR levels remain high under T2D conditions and thus reducing glomerular filtration of RBP4.
1154	23129325	Therefore, the plasma TTR levels appear to be an important determinant of plasma RBP4 levels in these two diabetic conditions.
1155	23144467	Long-term fenofibrate therapy increases fibroblast growth factor 21 and retinol-binding protein 4 in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
1156	23193184	FEN completely inhibited adipocyte differentiation by blocking CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ-mediated induction of downstream genes and upregulating RA-responsive genes like cellular retinol-binding protein-1.
1157	23193184	In adipose, FEN inhibited the downregulation of PPARγ and improved insulin sensitivity and the levels of adiponectin, resistin, and serum RBP (RBP4).
1158	23241684	Novel adipokines secreted from adipocytes such as retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), vaspin, omentin, chemerin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) demonstrate pleiotropic activity and their insulin-sensitizing or enhancing insulin resistance properties have not been clearly confirmed yet.
1159	23420326	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is closely associated with a variety of abnormal glycolipid metabolism diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome.
1160	23420326	Part 2 Metabolism indices, including serum RBP4, FG, TC, TG, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 110 human cholesterol gallstone patients and 73 healthy controls were collected for further analysis.
1161	23420326	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is closely associated with a variety of abnormal glycolipid metabolism diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome.
1162	23420326	Part 2 Metabolism indices, including serum RBP4, FG, TC, TG, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of 110 human cholesterol gallstone patients and 73 healthy controls were collected for further analysis.
1163	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 and retinol binding protein-4 in polycystic ovary syndrome: response to simvastatin and metformin therapies.
1164	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) contribute to metabolic syndrome.
1165	23480783	We investigated serum FABP4 and RBP4 responses to insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
1166	23480783	At the baseline serum FABP4 correlated with obesity (BMI: r = 0.63, p < 0.001), insulin resistance (fasting insulin: r = 0.44, p = 0.0002; QUICKI: r = -0.30, p = 0.02; OGTT-insulin sensitivity index: r = -0.27, p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (HDL: r = -0.26, p = 0.03) and hyperandrogenemia (free-testosterone: r = 0.23, p = 0.03; SHBG: r = -0.28, p = 0.03); while RBP4 correlated with total-cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.009).
1167	23480783	Multiple regression analysis indicated that t best predictors of serum FABP4 and RBP4 were BMI (β = 1.02, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (β = 2326, p = 0.01), respectively.
1168	23480783	Simvastatin, alone or with metformin did not affect serum FABP4 or RBP4.
1169	23480783	Serum FABP4 related to the obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation while RBP4 related to lipids.
1170	23480783	Insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies did not affect FABP4 or RBP4 levels in PCOS.
1171	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 and retinol binding protein-4 in polycystic ovary syndrome: response to simvastatin and metformin therapies.
1172	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) contribute to metabolic syndrome.
1173	23480783	We investigated serum FABP4 and RBP4 responses to insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
1174	23480783	At the baseline serum FABP4 correlated with obesity (BMI: r = 0.63, p < 0.001), insulin resistance (fasting insulin: r = 0.44, p = 0.0002; QUICKI: r = -0.30, p = 0.02; OGTT-insulin sensitivity index: r = -0.27, p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (HDL: r = -0.26, p = 0.03) and hyperandrogenemia (free-testosterone: r = 0.23, p = 0.03; SHBG: r = -0.28, p = 0.03); while RBP4 correlated with total-cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.009).
1175	23480783	Multiple regression analysis indicated that t best predictors of serum FABP4 and RBP4 were BMI (β = 1.02, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (β = 2326, p = 0.01), respectively.
1176	23480783	Simvastatin, alone or with metformin did not affect serum FABP4 or RBP4.
1177	23480783	Serum FABP4 related to the obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation while RBP4 related to lipids.
1178	23480783	Insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies did not affect FABP4 or RBP4 levels in PCOS.
1179	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 and retinol binding protein-4 in polycystic ovary syndrome: response to simvastatin and metformin therapies.
1180	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) contribute to metabolic syndrome.
1181	23480783	We investigated serum FABP4 and RBP4 responses to insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
1182	23480783	At the baseline serum FABP4 correlated with obesity (BMI: r = 0.63, p < 0.001), insulin resistance (fasting insulin: r = 0.44, p = 0.0002; QUICKI: r = -0.30, p = 0.02; OGTT-insulin sensitivity index: r = -0.27, p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (HDL: r = -0.26, p = 0.03) and hyperandrogenemia (free-testosterone: r = 0.23, p = 0.03; SHBG: r = -0.28, p = 0.03); while RBP4 correlated with total-cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.009).
1183	23480783	Multiple regression analysis indicated that t best predictors of serum FABP4 and RBP4 were BMI (β = 1.02, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (β = 2326, p = 0.01), respectively.
1184	23480783	Simvastatin, alone or with metformin did not affect serum FABP4 or RBP4.
1185	23480783	Serum FABP4 related to the obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation while RBP4 related to lipids.
1186	23480783	Insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies did not affect FABP4 or RBP4 levels in PCOS.
1187	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 and retinol binding protein-4 in polycystic ovary syndrome: response to simvastatin and metformin therapies.
1188	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) contribute to metabolic syndrome.
1189	23480783	We investigated serum FABP4 and RBP4 responses to insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
1190	23480783	At the baseline serum FABP4 correlated with obesity (BMI: r = 0.63, p < 0.001), insulin resistance (fasting insulin: r = 0.44, p = 0.0002; QUICKI: r = -0.30, p = 0.02; OGTT-insulin sensitivity index: r = -0.27, p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (HDL: r = -0.26, p = 0.03) and hyperandrogenemia (free-testosterone: r = 0.23, p = 0.03; SHBG: r = -0.28, p = 0.03); while RBP4 correlated with total-cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.009).
1191	23480783	Multiple regression analysis indicated that t best predictors of serum FABP4 and RBP4 were BMI (β = 1.02, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (β = 2326, p = 0.01), respectively.
1192	23480783	Simvastatin, alone or with metformin did not affect serum FABP4 or RBP4.
1193	23480783	Serum FABP4 related to the obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation while RBP4 related to lipids.
1194	23480783	Insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies did not affect FABP4 or RBP4 levels in PCOS.
1195	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 and retinol binding protein-4 in polycystic ovary syndrome: response to simvastatin and metformin therapies.
1196	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) contribute to metabolic syndrome.
1197	23480783	We investigated serum FABP4 and RBP4 responses to insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
1198	23480783	At the baseline serum FABP4 correlated with obesity (BMI: r = 0.63, p < 0.001), insulin resistance (fasting insulin: r = 0.44, p = 0.0002; QUICKI: r = -0.30, p = 0.02; OGTT-insulin sensitivity index: r = -0.27, p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (HDL: r = -0.26, p = 0.03) and hyperandrogenemia (free-testosterone: r = 0.23, p = 0.03; SHBG: r = -0.28, p = 0.03); while RBP4 correlated with total-cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.009).
1199	23480783	Multiple regression analysis indicated that t best predictors of serum FABP4 and RBP4 were BMI (β = 1.02, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (β = 2326, p = 0.01), respectively.
1200	23480783	Simvastatin, alone or with metformin did not affect serum FABP4 or RBP4.
1201	23480783	Serum FABP4 related to the obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation while RBP4 related to lipids.
1202	23480783	Insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies did not affect FABP4 or RBP4 levels in PCOS.
1203	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 and retinol binding protein-4 in polycystic ovary syndrome: response to simvastatin and metformin therapies.
1204	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) contribute to metabolic syndrome.
1205	23480783	We investigated serum FABP4 and RBP4 responses to insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
1206	23480783	At the baseline serum FABP4 correlated with obesity (BMI: r = 0.63, p < 0.001), insulin resistance (fasting insulin: r = 0.44, p = 0.0002; QUICKI: r = -0.30, p = 0.02; OGTT-insulin sensitivity index: r = -0.27, p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (HDL: r = -0.26, p = 0.03) and hyperandrogenemia (free-testosterone: r = 0.23, p = 0.03; SHBG: r = -0.28, p = 0.03); while RBP4 correlated with total-cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.009).
1207	23480783	Multiple regression analysis indicated that t best predictors of serum FABP4 and RBP4 were BMI (β = 1.02, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (β = 2326, p = 0.01), respectively.
1208	23480783	Simvastatin, alone or with metformin did not affect serum FABP4 or RBP4.
1209	23480783	Serum FABP4 related to the obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation while RBP4 related to lipids.
1210	23480783	Insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies did not affect FABP4 or RBP4 levels in PCOS.
1211	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 and retinol binding protein-4 in polycystic ovary syndrome: response to simvastatin and metformin therapies.
1212	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) contribute to metabolic syndrome.
1213	23480783	We investigated serum FABP4 and RBP4 responses to insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
1214	23480783	At the baseline serum FABP4 correlated with obesity (BMI: r = 0.63, p < 0.001), insulin resistance (fasting insulin: r = 0.44, p = 0.0002; QUICKI: r = -0.30, p = 0.02; OGTT-insulin sensitivity index: r = -0.27, p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (HDL: r = -0.26, p = 0.03) and hyperandrogenemia (free-testosterone: r = 0.23, p = 0.03; SHBG: r = -0.28, p = 0.03); while RBP4 correlated with total-cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.009).
1215	23480783	Multiple regression analysis indicated that t best predictors of serum FABP4 and RBP4 were BMI (β = 1.02, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (β = 2326, p = 0.01), respectively.
1216	23480783	Simvastatin, alone or with metformin did not affect serum FABP4 or RBP4.
1217	23480783	Serum FABP4 related to the obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation while RBP4 related to lipids.
1218	23480783	Insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies did not affect FABP4 or RBP4 levels in PCOS.
1219	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 and retinol binding protein-4 in polycystic ovary syndrome: response to simvastatin and metformin therapies.
1220	23480783	Free fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) contribute to metabolic syndrome.
1221	23480783	We investigated serum FABP4 and RBP4 responses to insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
1222	23480783	At the baseline serum FABP4 correlated with obesity (BMI: r = 0.63, p < 0.001), insulin resistance (fasting insulin: r = 0.44, p = 0.0002; QUICKI: r = -0.30, p = 0.02; OGTT-insulin sensitivity index: r = -0.27, p = 0.04), dyslipidemia (HDL: r = -0.26, p = 0.03) and hyperandrogenemia (free-testosterone: r = 0.23, p = 0.03; SHBG: r = -0.28, p = 0.03); while RBP4 correlated with total-cholesterol (r = 0.33, p = 0.009).
1223	23480783	Multiple regression analysis indicated that t best predictors of serum FABP4 and RBP4 were BMI (β = 1.02, p = 0.0003) and total cholesterol (β = 2326, p = 0.01), respectively.
1224	23480783	Simvastatin, alone or with metformin did not affect serum FABP4 or RBP4.
1225	23480783	Serum FABP4 related to the obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation while RBP4 related to lipids.
1226	23480783	Insulin sensitizing and lipid lowering therapies did not affect FABP4 or RBP4 levels in PCOS.
1227	23496280	Gender dimorphic increase in RBP-4 and NGAL in children born after IVF: an epigenetic phenomenon?
1228	23497488	The association of carotid intima media thickness with retinol binding protein-4 and total and high molecular weight adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients.
1229	23671852	Although retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) associates with insulin resistance and remnant-like particles triglyceride (RLP-TG) elevated in the insulin resistant state, few data exist regarding the relationship between RBP4 and RLP-TG.
1230	23671852	RBP4 levels showed a significant positive correlation with RLP-TG (r = 0.2544 and P = 0.0056), TG (r = 0.1852 and P = 0.041), RLP-TG/TG (r = 0.23765 and P = 0.0241), and age (r = -0.2082 and P = 0.0219), although there was no significant correlation with VFA, SFA, adiponectin levels, or homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-R).
1231	23671852	Although retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) associates with insulin resistance and remnant-like particles triglyceride (RLP-TG) elevated in the insulin resistant state, few data exist regarding the relationship between RBP4 and RLP-TG.
1232	23671852	RBP4 levels showed a significant positive correlation with RLP-TG (r = 0.2544 and P = 0.0056), TG (r = 0.1852 and P = 0.041), RLP-TG/TG (r = 0.23765 and P = 0.0241), and age (r = -0.2082 and P = 0.0219), although there was no significant correlation with VFA, SFA, adiponectin levels, or homeostasis model of assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-R).
1233	23700520	Adenosine A1 receptor-deficient mice develop a phenotype of insulin resistance and grow fat.
1234	23700520	This commentary further explores possible pathophysiological mechanisms with emphasis on the roles of the adipokines resistin, retinol-binding protein 4, adiponectin and the function of the gastric hormone ghrelin in adenosine mediated central regulation of energy balance.
1235	23719693	Mature feline RBP4 is 83-94% homologous to the RBPs of humans, cows and rodents.
1236	23772224	These adipokines including leptin, visfatin, resistin, apelin, vaspin, and retinol binding protein-4 can regulate inflammatory responses and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
1237	23772224	These effects are mediated by key inflammatory signaling molecules including activated serine kinases such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase and serine kinases inhibitor κB kinase and insulin signaling molecules including insulin receptor substrates, protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt), and nuclear factor kappa B.
1238	23781325	Ghrelin- and GH-induced insulin resistance: no association with retinol-binding protein-4.
1239	23799122	Circulating lipocalin-2 and retinol-binding protein 4 are associated with intima-media thickness and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
1240	23859018	Retinol binding protein 4 affects the adipogenesis of porcine preadipocytes through insulin signaling pathways.
1241	23859018	RBP4 reportedly induces insulin resistance and RBP4 secretion is increased in the adipocytes of animals or humans with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, but its role in preadipocyte differentiation remains unclear.
1242	23859018	RBP4 also weakened the activity of normal threonine 308, the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase AKT, and downstream insulin signaling, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and β-catenin.
1243	23859018	Moreover, the activation of insulin signaling mediated by knockdown RBP4 in porcine preadipocytes was recovered in the suppression of LY294002.
1244	23859018	RBP4 also had a suppressive effect on the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes by decreasing the activation of insulin signaling pathways.
1245	23859018	Retinol binding protein 4 affects the adipogenesis of porcine preadipocytes through insulin signaling pathways.
1246	23859018	RBP4 reportedly induces insulin resistance and RBP4 secretion is increased in the adipocytes of animals or humans with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, but its role in preadipocyte differentiation remains unclear.
1247	23859018	RBP4 also weakened the activity of normal threonine 308, the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase AKT, and downstream insulin signaling, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and β-catenin.
1248	23859018	Moreover, the activation of insulin signaling mediated by knockdown RBP4 in porcine preadipocytes was recovered in the suppression of LY294002.
1249	23859018	RBP4 also had a suppressive effect on the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes by decreasing the activation of insulin signaling pathways.
1250	23859018	Retinol binding protein 4 affects the adipogenesis of porcine preadipocytes through insulin signaling pathways.
1251	23859018	RBP4 reportedly induces insulin resistance and RBP4 secretion is increased in the adipocytes of animals or humans with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, but its role in preadipocyte differentiation remains unclear.
1252	23859018	RBP4 also weakened the activity of normal threonine 308, the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase AKT, and downstream insulin signaling, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and β-catenin.
1253	23859018	Moreover, the activation of insulin signaling mediated by knockdown RBP4 in porcine preadipocytes was recovered in the suppression of LY294002.
1254	23859018	RBP4 also had a suppressive effect on the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes by decreasing the activation of insulin signaling pathways.
1255	23859018	Retinol binding protein 4 affects the adipogenesis of porcine preadipocytes through insulin signaling pathways.
1256	23859018	RBP4 reportedly induces insulin resistance and RBP4 secretion is increased in the adipocytes of animals or humans with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, but its role in preadipocyte differentiation remains unclear.
1257	23859018	RBP4 also weakened the activity of normal threonine 308, the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase AKT, and downstream insulin signaling, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and β-catenin.
1258	23859018	Moreover, the activation of insulin signaling mediated by knockdown RBP4 in porcine preadipocytes was recovered in the suppression of LY294002.
1259	23859018	RBP4 also had a suppressive effect on the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes by decreasing the activation of insulin signaling pathways.
1260	23859018	Retinol binding protein 4 affects the adipogenesis of porcine preadipocytes through insulin signaling pathways.
1261	23859018	RBP4 reportedly induces insulin resistance and RBP4 secretion is increased in the adipocytes of animals or humans with type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, but its role in preadipocyte differentiation remains unclear.
1262	23859018	RBP4 also weakened the activity of normal threonine 308, the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase AKT, and downstream insulin signaling, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and β-catenin.
1263	23859018	Moreover, the activation of insulin signaling mediated by knockdown RBP4 in porcine preadipocytes was recovered in the suppression of LY294002.
1264	23859018	RBP4 also had a suppressive effect on the differentiation of porcine preadipocytes by decreasing the activation of insulin signaling pathways.
1265	23894818	[Effects of retinol binding protein 4 knockdown on the PI3K/Akt pathways in porcine adipocytes].
1266	23894818	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is adipocyte-derived secreted adipokines and elevated RBP4 expression level was closely related to insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus.
1267	23894818	RBP4 interference efficiency and the gene expression of each treatment groups in PI3K/Akt pathways were examined by QRT-PCR and Western blotting.
1268	23894818	Furthermore, no matter under insulin stimulation or insulin resistance, RBP4 knockdown significantly increased the mRNA expressions of AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 and IRS1 compared with the control.
1269	23894818	The protein phosphorylate levels of AKT2, PI3K, IRS1 arised, meanwhile enhanced the AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 total protein expressions.
1270	23894818	Collectively, knockdown of RBP4 increased the insulin sensitivity through upregulated PI3K/Akt pathways related factors' expression and phosphorylation in porcine adipocytes.
1271	23894818	[Effects of retinol binding protein 4 knockdown on the PI3K/Akt pathways in porcine adipocytes].
1272	23894818	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is adipocyte-derived secreted adipokines and elevated RBP4 expression level was closely related to insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus.
1273	23894818	RBP4 interference efficiency and the gene expression of each treatment groups in PI3K/Akt pathways were examined by QRT-PCR and Western blotting.
1274	23894818	Furthermore, no matter under insulin stimulation or insulin resistance, RBP4 knockdown significantly increased the mRNA expressions of AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 and IRS1 compared with the control.
1275	23894818	The protein phosphorylate levels of AKT2, PI3K, IRS1 arised, meanwhile enhanced the AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 total protein expressions.
1276	23894818	Collectively, knockdown of RBP4 increased the insulin sensitivity through upregulated PI3K/Akt pathways related factors' expression and phosphorylation in porcine adipocytes.
1277	23894818	[Effects of retinol binding protein 4 knockdown on the PI3K/Akt pathways in porcine adipocytes].
1278	23894818	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is adipocyte-derived secreted adipokines and elevated RBP4 expression level was closely related to insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus.
1279	23894818	RBP4 interference efficiency and the gene expression of each treatment groups in PI3K/Akt pathways were examined by QRT-PCR and Western blotting.
1280	23894818	Furthermore, no matter under insulin stimulation or insulin resistance, RBP4 knockdown significantly increased the mRNA expressions of AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 and IRS1 compared with the control.
1281	23894818	The protein phosphorylate levels of AKT2, PI3K, IRS1 arised, meanwhile enhanced the AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 total protein expressions.
1282	23894818	Collectively, knockdown of RBP4 increased the insulin sensitivity through upregulated PI3K/Akt pathways related factors' expression and phosphorylation in porcine adipocytes.
1283	23894818	[Effects of retinol binding protein 4 knockdown on the PI3K/Akt pathways in porcine adipocytes].
1284	23894818	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is adipocyte-derived secreted adipokines and elevated RBP4 expression level was closely related to insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus.
1285	23894818	RBP4 interference efficiency and the gene expression of each treatment groups in PI3K/Akt pathways were examined by QRT-PCR and Western blotting.
1286	23894818	Furthermore, no matter under insulin stimulation or insulin resistance, RBP4 knockdown significantly increased the mRNA expressions of AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 and IRS1 compared with the control.
1287	23894818	The protein phosphorylate levels of AKT2, PI3K, IRS1 arised, meanwhile enhanced the AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 total protein expressions.
1288	23894818	Collectively, knockdown of RBP4 increased the insulin sensitivity through upregulated PI3K/Akt pathways related factors' expression and phosphorylation in porcine adipocytes.
1289	23894818	[Effects of retinol binding protein 4 knockdown on the PI3K/Akt pathways in porcine adipocytes].
1290	23894818	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is adipocyte-derived secreted adipokines and elevated RBP4 expression level was closely related to insulin resistance and type II diabetes mellitus.
1291	23894818	RBP4 interference efficiency and the gene expression of each treatment groups in PI3K/Akt pathways were examined by QRT-PCR and Western blotting.
1292	23894818	Furthermore, no matter under insulin stimulation or insulin resistance, RBP4 knockdown significantly increased the mRNA expressions of AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 and IRS1 compared with the control.
1293	23894818	The protein phosphorylate levels of AKT2, PI3K, IRS1 arised, meanwhile enhanced the AKT2, PI3K, GLUT4 total protein expressions.
1294	23894818	Collectively, knockdown of RBP4 increased the insulin sensitivity through upregulated PI3K/Akt pathways related factors' expression and phosphorylation in porcine adipocytes.
1295	23924720	We have found that proteasome subunit beta type 1 (PSMB1) is a transcriptional activator of Rbp4.
1296	23959802	Retinol-binding protein 4 and its membrane receptor STRA6 control adipogenesis by regulating cellular retinoid homeostasis and retinoic acid receptor α activity.
1297	23959802	Retinoids are vitamin A (retinol) derivatives and complex regulators of adipogenesis by activating specific nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).
1298	23959802	Circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and its membrane receptor STRA6 coordinate cellular retinol uptake.
1299	23959802	It is unknown whether retinol levels and the activity of RAR and RXR in adipocyte precursors are linked via RBP4/STRA6.
1300	23959802	Here, we show that STRA6 is expressed in precursor cells and, dictated by the apo- and holo-RBP4 isoforms, mediates bidirectional retinol transport that controls RARα activity and subsequent adipocyte differentiation.
1301	23959802	Thus, STRA6 in adipocyte precursor cells links nuclear RARα activity to the circulating RBP4 isoforms, whose ratio in obese mice was shifted toward limiting the adipogenic potential of their precursors.
1302	23959802	Retinol-binding protein 4 and its membrane receptor STRA6 control adipogenesis by regulating cellular retinoid homeostasis and retinoic acid receptor α activity.
1303	23959802	Retinoids are vitamin A (retinol) derivatives and complex regulators of adipogenesis by activating specific nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).
1304	23959802	Circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and its membrane receptor STRA6 coordinate cellular retinol uptake.
1305	23959802	It is unknown whether retinol levels and the activity of RAR and RXR in adipocyte precursors are linked via RBP4/STRA6.
1306	23959802	Here, we show that STRA6 is expressed in precursor cells and, dictated by the apo- and holo-RBP4 isoforms, mediates bidirectional retinol transport that controls RARα activity and subsequent adipocyte differentiation.
1307	23959802	Thus, STRA6 in adipocyte precursor cells links nuclear RARα activity to the circulating RBP4 isoforms, whose ratio in obese mice was shifted toward limiting the adipogenic potential of their precursors.
1308	23959802	Retinol-binding protein 4 and its membrane receptor STRA6 control adipogenesis by regulating cellular retinoid homeostasis and retinoic acid receptor α activity.
1309	23959802	Retinoids are vitamin A (retinol) derivatives and complex regulators of adipogenesis by activating specific nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).
1310	23959802	Circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and its membrane receptor STRA6 coordinate cellular retinol uptake.
1311	23959802	It is unknown whether retinol levels and the activity of RAR and RXR in adipocyte precursors are linked via RBP4/STRA6.
1312	23959802	Here, we show that STRA6 is expressed in precursor cells and, dictated by the apo- and holo-RBP4 isoforms, mediates bidirectional retinol transport that controls RARα activity and subsequent adipocyte differentiation.
1313	23959802	Thus, STRA6 in adipocyte precursor cells links nuclear RARα activity to the circulating RBP4 isoforms, whose ratio in obese mice was shifted toward limiting the adipogenic potential of their precursors.
1314	23959802	Retinol-binding protein 4 and its membrane receptor STRA6 control adipogenesis by regulating cellular retinoid homeostasis and retinoic acid receptor α activity.
1315	23959802	Retinoids are vitamin A (retinol) derivatives and complex regulators of adipogenesis by activating specific nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).
1316	23959802	Circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and its membrane receptor STRA6 coordinate cellular retinol uptake.
1317	23959802	It is unknown whether retinol levels and the activity of RAR and RXR in adipocyte precursors are linked via RBP4/STRA6.
1318	23959802	Here, we show that STRA6 is expressed in precursor cells and, dictated by the apo- and holo-RBP4 isoforms, mediates bidirectional retinol transport that controls RARα activity and subsequent adipocyte differentiation.
1319	23959802	Thus, STRA6 in adipocyte precursor cells links nuclear RARα activity to the circulating RBP4 isoforms, whose ratio in obese mice was shifted toward limiting the adipogenic potential of their precursors.
1320	23970879	Macrophages play a role in the inflammatory process by secreting many cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, resistin, and retinol binding protein-4.
1321	23970879	More metabolic regulators, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21, FGF19, FGF1, vaspin, and visfatin have now been discovered but their exact roles in human diseases are still unclear.
1322	23979787	The effects of weight loss on FABP4 and RBP4 in obese women with metabolic syndrome.
1323	23979787	Fat accumulation is associated with the release of many novel adipokines such as retinol-binding protein 4 and fatty acid-binding protein 4.
1324	23979787	Since weight loss is the first step for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, which increases the risks for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, we have investigated the effects of weight loss on serum retinol-binding protein 4 and fatty acid-binding protein 4 in obese individuals with this syndrome.
1325	23979787	Fatty acid-binding protein 4 levels increased and retinol-binding protein 4 levels did not change during moderate weight loss in obese women with metabolic syndrome; however, several other risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease did improve with weight loss.
1326	23979787	The effects of weight loss on FABP4 and RBP4 in obese women with metabolic syndrome.
1327	23979787	Fat accumulation is associated with the release of many novel adipokines such as retinol-binding protein 4 and fatty acid-binding protein 4.
1328	23979787	Since weight loss is the first step for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, which increases the risks for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, we have investigated the effects of weight loss on serum retinol-binding protein 4 and fatty acid-binding protein 4 in obese individuals with this syndrome.
1329	23979787	Fatty acid-binding protein 4 levels increased and retinol-binding protein 4 levels did not change during moderate weight loss in obese women with metabolic syndrome; however, several other risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease did improve with weight loss.
1330	23979787	The effects of weight loss on FABP4 and RBP4 in obese women with metabolic syndrome.
1331	23979787	Fat accumulation is associated with the release of many novel adipokines such as retinol-binding protein 4 and fatty acid-binding protein 4.
1332	23979787	Since weight loss is the first step for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, which increases the risks for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, we have investigated the effects of weight loss on serum retinol-binding protein 4 and fatty acid-binding protein 4 in obese individuals with this syndrome.
1333	23979787	Fatty acid-binding protein 4 levels increased and retinol-binding protein 4 levels did not change during moderate weight loss in obese women with metabolic syndrome; however, several other risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease did improve with weight loss.
1334	23979787	The effects of weight loss on FABP4 and RBP4 in obese women with metabolic syndrome.
1335	23979787	Fat accumulation is associated with the release of many novel adipokines such as retinol-binding protein 4 and fatty acid-binding protein 4.
1336	23979787	Since weight loss is the first step for the treatment of metabolic syndrome, which increases the risks for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, we have investigated the effects of weight loss on serum retinol-binding protein 4 and fatty acid-binding protein 4 in obese individuals with this syndrome.
1337	23979787	Fatty acid-binding protein 4 levels increased and retinol-binding protein 4 levels did not change during moderate weight loss in obese women with metabolic syndrome; however, several other risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease did improve with weight loss.
1338	23984793	We evaluated body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glycemic control, lipid profile, fasting plasma insulin (FPI), HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, fasting plasma proinsulin (FPPr), proinsulin : fasting plasma insulin ratio (Pr/FPI ratio), C-peptide, glucagon, retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4), visfatin, omentin-1, and microalbuminuria.