Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: TAP2

Gene name: transporter 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)

HGNC ID: 44

Synonyms: PSF2, RING11, D6S217E

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	HLA-A	1 hits
2	HLA-DPA1	1 hits
3	HLA-DQA1	1 hits
4	HLA-DQB1	1 hits
5	HLA-DRB1	1 hits
6	IDDM2	1 hits
7	INS	1 hits
8	PSMB8	1 hits
9	PSMB9	1 hits
10	RBM45	1 hits
11	SEC14L2	1 hits
12	TAP1	1 hits
13	TNFRSF10A	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1300236	TAP1 and TAP2 transporter genes and predisposition to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
2	1300236	Genetic control of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is mainly dependent on HLA genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
3	1300236	The participation of TAP1 and TAP2 genes, located in the MHC region and coding for antigenic peptide transporters, was investigated in 116 IDDM patients and 98 normal controls using oligotyping after DNA amplification.
4	1300236	TAP1 and TAP2 transporter genes and predisposition to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
5	1300236	Genetic control of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is mainly dependent on HLA genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
6	1300236	The participation of TAP1 and TAP2 genes, located in the MHC region and coding for antigenic peptide transporters, was investigated in 116 IDDM patients and 98 normal controls using oligotyping after DNA amplification.
7	7558930	TAP2 association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is secondary to HLA-DQB1.
8	7558930	While present evidence implicates HLA-DQ as the major susceptibility locus in IDDM, as class I expression apparently plays a role in the progression of disease, the possibility exists that the association attributed to HLA-DQ is in fact due to an association with the TAP genes.
9	7558930	Several studies have concluded that the alleles of TAP1 are not significantly associated with IDDM; this report concentrates on the more telomeric TAP2 locus.
10	7558930	Overall, our results indicate only a modest association of IDDM with TAP2; however, the newly described TAP2*F allele was found to be significantly increased in a modest subset of our large diabetic population.
11	7558930	These data, generated from the same population of controls and diabetics we previously studied at all other relevant MHC loci, provide additional evidence that the HLA susceptibility to IDDM maps to HLA-DQ.
12	7558930	TAP2 association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is secondary to HLA-DQB1.
13	7558930	While present evidence implicates HLA-DQ as the major susceptibility locus in IDDM, as class I expression apparently plays a role in the progression of disease, the possibility exists that the association attributed to HLA-DQ is in fact due to an association with the TAP genes.
14	7558930	Several studies have concluded that the alleles of TAP1 are not significantly associated with IDDM; this report concentrates on the more telomeric TAP2 locus.
15	7558930	Overall, our results indicate only a modest association of IDDM with TAP2; however, the newly described TAP2*F allele was found to be significantly increased in a modest subset of our large diabetic population.
16	7558930	These data, generated from the same population of controls and diabetics we previously studied at all other relevant MHC loci, provide additional evidence that the HLA susceptibility to IDDM maps to HLA-DQ.
17	7558930	TAP2 association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is secondary to HLA-DQB1.
18	7558930	While present evidence implicates HLA-DQ as the major susceptibility locus in IDDM, as class I expression apparently plays a role in the progression of disease, the possibility exists that the association attributed to HLA-DQ is in fact due to an association with the TAP genes.
19	7558930	Several studies have concluded that the alleles of TAP1 are not significantly associated with IDDM; this report concentrates on the more telomeric TAP2 locus.
20	7558930	Overall, our results indicate only a modest association of IDDM with TAP2; however, the newly described TAP2*F allele was found to be significantly increased in a modest subset of our large diabetic population.
21	7558930	These data, generated from the same population of controls and diabetics we previously studied at all other relevant MHC loci, provide additional evidence that the HLA susceptibility to IDDM maps to HLA-DQ.
22	7578413	Tap-1 and Tap-2 gene therapy selectively restores conformationally dependent HLA Class I expression in type I diabetic cells.
23	7578413	Genetic susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is statistically linked to the HLA class II region of chromosome 6.
24	7578413	The transporters associated with antigen processing (Tap-1 and Tap-2) are essential for normal class I expression and presentation of intracellular peptides, and these genes are located within the HLA class II region.
25	7578413	The aims of this project were to determine if Tap genes could be implicated in the defective class I expression associated with IDDM by using a novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated gene transfer system to introduce a cloned, normal Tap-2 or Tap-1 gene into B cell lines from normal and IDDM patients and analyzing the effect on conformationally dependent class I expression.
26	7578413	The results show that Tap-2 gene transfer in B cells from 40% of randomly selected IDDM patients increased expression of conformationally correct, cell-surface class I molecules to levels comparable with similarly treated B cells from normal control individuals.
27	7578413	B cells from another 40% of IDDM patients responded to Tap-1 gene transfer.
28	7578413	These effects were specific because B cells from normal individuals did not respond to Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer with increased class I expression, and B cells from IDDM patients responding to Tap-2 gene transfer did not respond to Tap-1 gene transfer and vice versa.
29	7578413	Thus, these complementation studies identify distinct, non-overlapping subsets of IDDM patients whose class I defect in B cells can be reversed by Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer.
30	7578413	Tap-1 and Tap-2 gene therapy selectively restores conformationally dependent HLA Class I expression in type I diabetic cells.
31	7578413	Genetic susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is statistically linked to the HLA class II region of chromosome 6.
32	7578413	The transporters associated with antigen processing (Tap-1 and Tap-2) are essential for normal class I expression and presentation of intracellular peptides, and these genes are located within the HLA class II region.
33	7578413	The aims of this project were to determine if Tap genes could be implicated in the defective class I expression associated with IDDM by using a novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated gene transfer system to introduce a cloned, normal Tap-2 or Tap-1 gene into B cell lines from normal and IDDM patients and analyzing the effect on conformationally dependent class I expression.
34	7578413	The results show that Tap-2 gene transfer in B cells from 40% of randomly selected IDDM patients increased expression of conformationally correct, cell-surface class I molecules to levels comparable with similarly treated B cells from normal control individuals.
35	7578413	B cells from another 40% of IDDM patients responded to Tap-1 gene transfer.
36	7578413	These effects were specific because B cells from normal individuals did not respond to Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer with increased class I expression, and B cells from IDDM patients responding to Tap-2 gene transfer did not respond to Tap-1 gene transfer and vice versa.
37	7578413	Thus, these complementation studies identify distinct, non-overlapping subsets of IDDM patients whose class I defect in B cells can be reversed by Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer.
38	7578413	Tap-1 and Tap-2 gene therapy selectively restores conformationally dependent HLA Class I expression in type I diabetic cells.
39	7578413	Genetic susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is statistically linked to the HLA class II region of chromosome 6.
40	7578413	The transporters associated with antigen processing (Tap-1 and Tap-2) are essential for normal class I expression and presentation of intracellular peptides, and these genes are located within the HLA class II region.
41	7578413	The aims of this project were to determine if Tap genes could be implicated in the defective class I expression associated with IDDM by using a novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated gene transfer system to introduce a cloned, normal Tap-2 or Tap-1 gene into B cell lines from normal and IDDM patients and analyzing the effect on conformationally dependent class I expression.
42	7578413	The results show that Tap-2 gene transfer in B cells from 40% of randomly selected IDDM patients increased expression of conformationally correct, cell-surface class I molecules to levels comparable with similarly treated B cells from normal control individuals.
43	7578413	B cells from another 40% of IDDM patients responded to Tap-1 gene transfer.
44	7578413	These effects were specific because B cells from normal individuals did not respond to Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer with increased class I expression, and B cells from IDDM patients responding to Tap-2 gene transfer did not respond to Tap-1 gene transfer and vice versa.
45	7578413	Thus, these complementation studies identify distinct, non-overlapping subsets of IDDM patients whose class I defect in B cells can be reversed by Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer.
46	7578413	Tap-1 and Tap-2 gene therapy selectively restores conformationally dependent HLA Class I expression in type I diabetic cells.
47	7578413	Genetic susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is statistically linked to the HLA class II region of chromosome 6.
48	7578413	The transporters associated with antigen processing (Tap-1 and Tap-2) are essential for normal class I expression and presentation of intracellular peptides, and these genes are located within the HLA class II region.
49	7578413	The aims of this project were to determine if Tap genes could be implicated in the defective class I expression associated with IDDM by using a novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated gene transfer system to introduce a cloned, normal Tap-2 or Tap-1 gene into B cell lines from normal and IDDM patients and analyzing the effect on conformationally dependent class I expression.
50	7578413	The results show that Tap-2 gene transfer in B cells from 40% of randomly selected IDDM patients increased expression of conformationally correct, cell-surface class I molecules to levels comparable with similarly treated B cells from normal control individuals.
51	7578413	B cells from another 40% of IDDM patients responded to Tap-1 gene transfer.
52	7578413	These effects were specific because B cells from normal individuals did not respond to Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer with increased class I expression, and B cells from IDDM patients responding to Tap-2 gene transfer did not respond to Tap-1 gene transfer and vice versa.
53	7578413	Thus, these complementation studies identify distinct, non-overlapping subsets of IDDM patients whose class I defect in B cells can be reversed by Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer.
54	7578413	Tap-1 and Tap-2 gene therapy selectively restores conformationally dependent HLA Class I expression in type I diabetic cells.
55	7578413	Genetic susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is statistically linked to the HLA class II region of chromosome 6.
56	7578413	The transporters associated with antigen processing (Tap-1 and Tap-2) are essential for normal class I expression and presentation of intracellular peptides, and these genes are located within the HLA class II region.
57	7578413	The aims of this project were to determine if Tap genes could be implicated in the defective class I expression associated with IDDM by using a novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated gene transfer system to introduce a cloned, normal Tap-2 or Tap-1 gene into B cell lines from normal and IDDM patients and analyzing the effect on conformationally dependent class I expression.
58	7578413	The results show that Tap-2 gene transfer in B cells from 40% of randomly selected IDDM patients increased expression of conformationally correct, cell-surface class I molecules to levels comparable with similarly treated B cells from normal control individuals.
59	7578413	B cells from another 40% of IDDM patients responded to Tap-1 gene transfer.
60	7578413	These effects were specific because B cells from normal individuals did not respond to Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer with increased class I expression, and B cells from IDDM patients responding to Tap-2 gene transfer did not respond to Tap-1 gene transfer and vice versa.
61	7578413	Thus, these complementation studies identify distinct, non-overlapping subsets of IDDM patients whose class I defect in B cells can be reversed by Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer.
62	7578413	Tap-1 and Tap-2 gene therapy selectively restores conformationally dependent HLA Class I expression in type I diabetic cells.
63	7578413	Genetic susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases, including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is statistically linked to the HLA class II region of chromosome 6.
64	7578413	The transporters associated with antigen processing (Tap-1 and Tap-2) are essential for normal class I expression and presentation of intracellular peptides, and these genes are located within the HLA class II region.
65	7578413	The aims of this project were to determine if Tap genes could be implicated in the defective class I expression associated with IDDM by using a novel Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-mediated gene transfer system to introduce a cloned, normal Tap-2 or Tap-1 gene into B cell lines from normal and IDDM patients and analyzing the effect on conformationally dependent class I expression.
66	7578413	The results show that Tap-2 gene transfer in B cells from 40% of randomly selected IDDM patients increased expression of conformationally correct, cell-surface class I molecules to levels comparable with similarly treated B cells from normal control individuals.
67	7578413	B cells from another 40% of IDDM patients responded to Tap-1 gene transfer.
68	7578413	These effects were specific because B cells from normal individuals did not respond to Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer with increased class I expression, and B cells from IDDM patients responding to Tap-2 gene transfer did not respond to Tap-1 gene transfer and vice versa.
69	7578413	Thus, these complementation studies identify distinct, non-overlapping subsets of IDDM patients whose class I defect in B cells can be reversed by Tap-1 or Tap-2 gene transfer.
70	7589884	HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes in IDDM families: no evidence for an additional contribution to disease risk by the TAP2 locus.
71	7589884	The TAP2 gene, located in the HLA class II region, encodes a subunit of a transporter involved in the endogenous antigen-processing pathway, and has been suggested to contribute to the genetic risk for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM).
72	7589884	In order to determine whether the TAP2 locus modulates the risk conferred by HLA DQ loci, HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes were analysed in 48 IDDM probands, their first degree relatives, and in 62 normal control subjects.
73	7589884	Analysis of 73 informative meiotic events in IDDM and control families demonstrated a recombination fraction between HLA DQB1 and TAP2 loci of 0.041 (Log of the odds score = 16.5; p < 10(-8)) indicating strong linkage between these loci.
74	7589884	Family haplotype analysis demonstrated linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 and HLA DQA1-DQB1, and showed that the reduced frequency of TAP2B was associated with its absence on the IDDM susceptible DQA10301-DQB10302 haplotype, its low frequency on DQA10501-DQB10201, and the association of TAP2B with DQA10101-DQB10501 haplotypes which were less frequent in IDDM patients.
75	7589884	Comparison of transmitted with non-transmitted haplotypes in IDDM families showed a slight but not significant decrease in TAP2B allele frequency on transmitted (3 of 37) vs non-transmitted (2 of 9) HLA DQA10501-DQB10201 haplotypes.
76	7589884	HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes in IDDM families: no evidence for an additional contribution to disease risk by the TAP2 locus.
77	7589884	The TAP2 gene, located in the HLA class II region, encodes a subunit of a transporter involved in the endogenous antigen-processing pathway, and has been suggested to contribute to the genetic risk for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM).
78	7589884	In order to determine whether the TAP2 locus modulates the risk conferred by HLA DQ loci, HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes were analysed in 48 IDDM probands, their first degree relatives, and in 62 normal control subjects.
79	7589884	Analysis of 73 informative meiotic events in IDDM and control families demonstrated a recombination fraction between HLA DQB1 and TAP2 loci of 0.041 (Log of the odds score = 16.5; p < 10(-8)) indicating strong linkage between these loci.
80	7589884	Family haplotype analysis demonstrated linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 and HLA DQA1-DQB1, and showed that the reduced frequency of TAP2B was associated with its absence on the IDDM susceptible DQA10301-DQB10302 haplotype, its low frequency on DQA10501-DQB10201, and the association of TAP2B with DQA10101-DQB10501 haplotypes which were less frequent in IDDM patients.
81	7589884	Comparison of transmitted with non-transmitted haplotypes in IDDM families showed a slight but not significant decrease in TAP2B allele frequency on transmitted (3 of 37) vs non-transmitted (2 of 9) HLA DQA10501-DQB10201 haplotypes.
82	7589884	HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes in IDDM families: no evidence for an additional contribution to disease risk by the TAP2 locus.
83	7589884	The TAP2 gene, located in the HLA class II region, encodes a subunit of a transporter involved in the endogenous antigen-processing pathway, and has been suggested to contribute to the genetic risk for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM).
84	7589884	In order to determine whether the TAP2 locus modulates the risk conferred by HLA DQ loci, HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes were analysed in 48 IDDM probands, their first degree relatives, and in 62 normal control subjects.
85	7589884	Analysis of 73 informative meiotic events in IDDM and control families demonstrated a recombination fraction between HLA DQB1 and TAP2 loci of 0.041 (Log of the odds score = 16.5; p < 10(-8)) indicating strong linkage between these loci.
86	7589884	Family haplotype analysis demonstrated linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 and HLA DQA1-DQB1, and showed that the reduced frequency of TAP2B was associated with its absence on the IDDM susceptible DQA10301-DQB10302 haplotype, its low frequency on DQA10501-DQB10201, and the association of TAP2B with DQA10101-DQB10501 haplotypes which were less frequent in IDDM patients.
87	7589884	Comparison of transmitted with non-transmitted haplotypes in IDDM families showed a slight but not significant decrease in TAP2B allele frequency on transmitted (3 of 37) vs non-transmitted (2 of 9) HLA DQA10501-DQB10201 haplotypes.
88	7589884	HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes in IDDM families: no evidence for an additional contribution to disease risk by the TAP2 locus.
89	7589884	The TAP2 gene, located in the HLA class II region, encodes a subunit of a transporter involved in the endogenous antigen-processing pathway, and has been suggested to contribute to the genetic risk for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM).
90	7589884	In order to determine whether the TAP2 locus modulates the risk conferred by HLA DQ loci, HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes were analysed in 48 IDDM probands, their first degree relatives, and in 62 normal control subjects.
91	7589884	Analysis of 73 informative meiotic events in IDDM and control families demonstrated a recombination fraction between HLA DQB1 and TAP2 loci of 0.041 (Log of the odds score = 16.5; p < 10(-8)) indicating strong linkage between these loci.
92	7589884	Family haplotype analysis demonstrated linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 and HLA DQA1-DQB1, and showed that the reduced frequency of TAP2B was associated with its absence on the IDDM susceptible DQA10301-DQB10302 haplotype, its low frequency on DQA10501-DQB10201, and the association of TAP2B with DQA10101-DQB10501 haplotypes which were less frequent in IDDM patients.
93	7589884	Comparison of transmitted with non-transmitted haplotypes in IDDM families showed a slight but not significant decrease in TAP2B allele frequency on transmitted (3 of 37) vs non-transmitted (2 of 9) HLA DQA10501-DQB10201 haplotypes.
94	7589884	HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes in IDDM families: no evidence for an additional contribution to disease risk by the TAP2 locus.
95	7589884	The TAP2 gene, located in the HLA class II region, encodes a subunit of a transporter involved in the endogenous antigen-processing pathway, and has been suggested to contribute to the genetic risk for insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM).
96	7589884	In order to determine whether the TAP2 locus modulates the risk conferred by HLA DQ loci, HLA DQA1-DQB1-TAP2 haplotypes were analysed in 48 IDDM probands, their first degree relatives, and in 62 normal control subjects.
97	7589884	Analysis of 73 informative meiotic events in IDDM and control families demonstrated a recombination fraction between HLA DQB1 and TAP2 loci of 0.041 (Log of the odds score = 16.5; p < 10(-8)) indicating strong linkage between these loci.
98	7589884	Family haplotype analysis demonstrated linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 and HLA DQA1-DQB1, and showed that the reduced frequency of TAP2B was associated with its absence on the IDDM susceptible DQA10301-DQB10302 haplotype, its low frequency on DQA10501-DQB10201, and the association of TAP2B with DQA10101-DQB10501 haplotypes which were less frequent in IDDM patients.
99	7589884	Comparison of transmitted with non-transmitted haplotypes in IDDM families showed a slight but not significant decrease in TAP2B allele frequency on transmitted (3 of 37) vs non-transmitted (2 of 9) HLA DQA10501-DQB10201 haplotypes.
100	7657037	Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and beta 2-microglobulin-gene-ablated mice (beta 2M -/-) show impaired presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and self-peptides, structures now recognized as critical for T-cell education to endogenous peptides.
101	7657037	The naturally occurring NOD class I presentation abnormality appears to be attributable to, in part, a quantitative defect in the production of Tap-1 mRNA; Tap-1 with Tap-2 normally functions as a transporter for stable self-peptide and class I assembly.
102	7729618	Levels of Tap-1 and Tap-2 mRNA and expression of Kd and Db on splenic lymphocytes are normal in NOD mice.
103	7729618	We examined Tap-1 and Tap-2 mRNA levels in NOD/Smrf mice using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method that detects > or = 25% changes in mRNA.
104	7729618	No difference in Tap-1 or Tap-2 mRNA levels for females of different ages or between diabetic and nondiabetic animals was observed.
105	7729618	Both NOD Tap-1 mRNA and class I were increased by interferon-gamma.
106	7729618	Levels of Tap-1 and Tap-2 mRNA and expression of Kd and Db on splenic lymphocytes are normal in NOD mice.
107	7729618	We examined Tap-1 and Tap-2 mRNA levels in NOD/Smrf mice using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method that detects > or = 25% changes in mRNA.
108	7729618	No difference in Tap-1 or Tap-2 mRNA levels for females of different ages or between diabetic and nondiabetic animals was observed.
109	7729618	Both NOD Tap-1 mRNA and class I were increased by interferon-gamma.
110	7729618	Levels of Tap-1 and Tap-2 mRNA and expression of Kd and Db on splenic lymphocytes are normal in NOD mice.
111	7729618	We examined Tap-1 and Tap-2 mRNA levels in NOD/Smrf mice using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method that detects > or = 25% changes in mRNA.
112	7729618	No difference in Tap-1 or Tap-2 mRNA levels for females of different ages or between diabetic and nondiabetic animals was observed.
113	7729618	Both NOD Tap-1 mRNA and class I were increased by interferon-gamma.
114	7871524	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the major histocompatibility complex peptide transporters TAP1 and TAP2: no association in a population with a high disease incidence.
115	7871524	Although many studies have established an association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and the class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), it has been difficult to assign susceptibility to a single locus.
116	7871524	Recently, two antigen-processing genes, TAP1 and TAP2, have been identified within the region.
117	7871524	To further investigate this question, we have characterized TAP1 and TAP2 alleles in 129 IDDM patients from Sardinia, a population with limited genetic heterogeneity and a high disease incidence.
118	7871524	Further analysis suggested that TAP2C was in LD with HLA-DRB11401 and subtypes of HLA-DRB111, alleles which were not observed in the IDDM population.
119	7871524	Our data supports the conclusion that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM, and that previously reported associations may be due to LD with other class II loci.
120	7871524	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the major histocompatibility complex peptide transporters TAP1 and TAP2: no association in a population with a high disease incidence.
121	7871524	Although many studies have established an association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and the class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), it has been difficult to assign susceptibility to a single locus.
122	7871524	Recently, two antigen-processing genes, TAP1 and TAP2, have been identified within the region.
123	7871524	To further investigate this question, we have characterized TAP1 and TAP2 alleles in 129 IDDM patients from Sardinia, a population with limited genetic heterogeneity and a high disease incidence.
124	7871524	Further analysis suggested that TAP2C was in LD with HLA-DRB11401 and subtypes of HLA-DRB111, alleles which were not observed in the IDDM population.
125	7871524	Our data supports the conclusion that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM, and that previously reported associations may be due to LD with other class II loci.
126	7871524	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the major histocompatibility complex peptide transporters TAP1 and TAP2: no association in a population with a high disease incidence.
127	7871524	Although many studies have established an association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and the class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), it has been difficult to assign susceptibility to a single locus.
128	7871524	Recently, two antigen-processing genes, TAP1 and TAP2, have been identified within the region.
129	7871524	To further investigate this question, we have characterized TAP1 and TAP2 alleles in 129 IDDM patients from Sardinia, a population with limited genetic heterogeneity and a high disease incidence.
130	7871524	Further analysis suggested that TAP2C was in LD with HLA-DRB11401 and subtypes of HLA-DRB111, alleles which were not observed in the IDDM population.
131	7871524	Our data supports the conclusion that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM, and that previously reported associations may be due to LD with other class II loci.
132	7871524	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the major histocompatibility complex peptide transporters TAP1 and TAP2: no association in a population with a high disease incidence.
133	7871524	Although many studies have established an association between insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and the class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC), it has been difficult to assign susceptibility to a single locus.
134	7871524	Recently, two antigen-processing genes, TAP1 and TAP2, have been identified within the region.
135	7871524	To further investigate this question, we have characterized TAP1 and TAP2 alleles in 129 IDDM patients from Sardinia, a population with limited genetic heterogeneity and a high disease incidence.
136	7871524	Further analysis suggested that TAP2C was in LD with HLA-DRB11401 and subtypes of HLA-DRB111, alleles which were not observed in the IDDM population.
137	7871524	Our data supports the conclusion that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM, and that previously reported associations may be due to LD with other class II loci.
138	7872965	We propose that MHC class I presentation of self peptides may represent a normal pathway for tolerance induction and interruption of this important class I function from any cause, including the MHC class II-linked Tap-1 and Tap-2 genes, which may result in autoreactivity.
139	7903260	Susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is greatly influenced by polymorphisms in the genes of the class II region of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex.
140	7903260	Because the recently discovered transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and large multifunctional protease (LMP) genes are encoded in the HLA class II region and are implicated in the processing of antigenic proteins for presentation by HLA class I molecules, they are additional candidates for a role in IDDM pathogenesis.
141	7903260	We have analyzed genomic and coding sequence polymorphisms in the LMP2, TAP1, and TAP2 genes of 77 Danish IDDM patients and 102 control subjects.
142	7903260	Although patients and control subjects did not differ in TAP1 and LMP2 alleles, we found a striking absence of the TAP2 allele B (long form) in IDDM patients.
143	7903260	Susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is greatly influenced by polymorphisms in the genes of the class II region of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex.
144	7903260	Because the recently discovered transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) and large multifunctional protease (LMP) genes are encoded in the HLA class II region and are implicated in the processing of antigenic proteins for presentation by HLA class I molecules, they are additional candidates for a role in IDDM pathogenesis.
145	7903260	We have analyzed genomic and coding sequence polymorphisms in the LMP2, TAP1, and TAP2 genes of 77 Danish IDDM patients and 102 control subjects.
146	7903260	Although patients and control subjects did not differ in TAP1 and LMP2 alleles, we found a striking absence of the TAP2 allele B (long form) in IDDM patients.
147	7911550	In order to investigate whether TAP (Transporter associated with Antigen Processing) and LMP (Low Molecular Weight Polypeptide) genes, which are located in the class II HLA region, are HLA-linked diabetogenic genes, the association of TAP1, TAP2 and LMP2 genes with type 1 diabetes was analyzed in the Japanese population.
148	7972022	Presentation of self-antigens by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules requires the function of the MHC class II-linked genes Tap-1 and Tap-2.
149	7972022	In this study, we demonstrate that, similar to lymphoma cell lines with mutations in Tap-1 or Tap-2, the reduced expression of class I molecules on the surface of lymphocytes from diabetes-prone female NOD mice was normalized by incubation at low temperatures or by exposure to class I allele-specific peptides.
150	7972022	Presentation of self-antigens by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules requires the function of the MHC class II-linked genes Tap-1 and Tap-2.
151	7972022	In this study, we demonstrate that, similar to lymphoma cell lines with mutations in Tap-1 or Tap-2, the reduced expression of class I molecules on the surface of lymphocytes from diabetes-prone female NOD mice was normalized by incubation at low temperatures or by exposure to class I allele-specific peptides.
152	8002038	HLA-DQ and TAP2 genes in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
153	8002038	We examined the prevalence of HLA-DRB1, DQB1, DQA1 and TAP2 genes in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes).
154	8002038	HLA-DQ and TAP2 genes in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
155	8002038	We examined the prevalence of HLA-DRB1, DQB1, DQA1 and TAP2 genes in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes).
156	8002377	Analysis of TAP2 and HLA-DP gene polymorphism in psoriasis.
157	8002377	TAP2 is a gene, located between HLA-DP and HLA-DQ, whose products form a transporter molecule involved in endogenous antigen processing.
158	8002377	To investigate whether this haplotype extends to include particular TAP2 and/or DP alleles, we tested the TAP2 and HLA-DP alleles of a control group (n = 199), patients with psoriasis type I (n = 66), and patients with psoriasis type II (n = 35) by hybridization with SSOs.
159	8002377	Our data show that there is no significant correlation between TAP2 and/or HLA-DP gene polymorphism and psoriasis type I and/or type II.
160	8002377	Analysis of TAP2 and HLA-DP gene polymorphism in psoriasis.
161	8002377	TAP2 is a gene, located between HLA-DP and HLA-DQ, whose products form a transporter molecule involved in endogenous antigen processing.
162	8002377	To investigate whether this haplotype extends to include particular TAP2 and/or DP alleles, we tested the TAP2 and HLA-DP alleles of a control group (n = 199), patients with psoriasis type I (n = 66), and patients with psoriasis type II (n = 35) by hybridization with SSOs.
163	8002377	Our data show that there is no significant correlation between TAP2 and/or HLA-DP gene polymorphism and psoriasis type I and/or type II.
164	8002377	Analysis of TAP2 and HLA-DP gene polymorphism in psoriasis.
165	8002377	TAP2 is a gene, located between HLA-DP and HLA-DQ, whose products form a transporter molecule involved in endogenous antigen processing.
166	8002377	To investigate whether this haplotype extends to include particular TAP2 and/or DP alleles, we tested the TAP2 and HLA-DP alleles of a control group (n = 199), patients with psoriasis type I (n = 66), and patients with psoriasis type II (n = 35) by hybridization with SSOs.
167	8002377	Our data show that there is no significant correlation between TAP2 and/or HLA-DP gene polymorphism and psoriasis type I and/or type II.
168	8002377	Analysis of TAP2 and HLA-DP gene polymorphism in psoriasis.
169	8002377	TAP2 is a gene, located between HLA-DP and HLA-DQ, whose products form a transporter molecule involved in endogenous antigen processing.
170	8002377	To investigate whether this haplotype extends to include particular TAP2 and/or DP alleles, we tested the TAP2 and HLA-DP alleles of a control group (n = 199), patients with psoriasis type I (n = 66), and patients with psoriasis type II (n = 35) by hybridization with SSOs.
171	8002377	Our data show that there is no significant correlation between TAP2 and/or HLA-DP gene polymorphism and psoriasis type I and/or type II.
172	8052140	Lack of association of the transporter associated with antigen processing with Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
173	8052140	The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region is a molecule required for endogenous antigen processing.
174	8052140	Amino acid substitutions at positions 333 and 637 of TAP1 and at positions 379, 665, and 687 of TAP2 were typed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-specific oligonucleotide method.
175	8052140	There was no significant difference between IDDM patients and normal controls in the frequencies of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles.
176	8052140	The frequencies of HLA-DQA10301 and -DQB10401 were increased significantly and those of HLA-DQA10103, -DQB10501, -DQB10601 and -DQB10602 were decreased significantly in Japanese IDDM patients compared with normal controls.
177	8052140	Even when subjects with HLA-DQA10103, -DQA10301, -DQB10302, -DQB10303, and -DQB1*0401 were considered separately, no significant differences was found in the distribution of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles between IDDM patients and normal controls.
178	8052140	Lack of association of the transporter associated with antigen processing with Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
179	8052140	The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region is a molecule required for endogenous antigen processing.
180	8052140	Amino acid substitutions at positions 333 and 637 of TAP1 and at positions 379, 665, and 687 of TAP2 were typed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-specific oligonucleotide method.
181	8052140	There was no significant difference between IDDM patients and normal controls in the frequencies of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles.
182	8052140	The frequencies of HLA-DQA10301 and -DQB10401 were increased significantly and those of HLA-DQA10103, -DQB10501, -DQB10601 and -DQB10602 were decreased significantly in Japanese IDDM patients compared with normal controls.
183	8052140	Even when subjects with HLA-DQA10103, -DQA10301, -DQB10302, -DQB10303, and -DQB1*0401 were considered separately, no significant differences was found in the distribution of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles between IDDM patients and normal controls.
184	8052140	Lack of association of the transporter associated with antigen processing with Japanese insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
185	8052140	The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II region is a molecule required for endogenous antigen processing.
186	8052140	Amino acid substitutions at positions 333 and 637 of TAP1 and at positions 379, 665, and 687 of TAP2 were typed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-specific oligonucleotide method.
187	8052140	There was no significant difference between IDDM patients and normal controls in the frequencies of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles.
188	8052140	The frequencies of HLA-DQA10301 and -DQB10401 were increased significantly and those of HLA-DQA10103, -DQB10501, -DQB10601 and -DQB10602 were decreased significantly in Japanese IDDM patients compared with normal controls.
189	8052140	Even when subjects with HLA-DQA10103, -DQA10301, -DQB10302, -DQB10303, and -DQB1*0401 were considered separately, no significant differences was found in the distribution of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles between IDDM patients and normal controls.
190	8157258	Stable cell surface presentation of MHC class I molecules requires active transport of antigenic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum by products of two genes, TAP1 and TAP2, which are maped in the MHC class II region.
191	8157258	The data suggests that the association of TAP2 allele with IDDM disease may be a simple reflection of the linkage disequilibrium between TAP allele and DR4 gene.
192	8157258	Stable cell surface presentation of MHC class I molecules requires active transport of antigenic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum by products of two genes, TAP1 and TAP2, which are maped in the MHC class II region.
193	8157258	The data suggests that the association of TAP2 allele with IDDM disease may be a simple reflection of the linkage disequilibrium between TAP allele and DR4 gene.
194	8344340	HLA class II association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is well established but is still difficult to map to a particular locus.
195	8344340	Polymorphism of the genes coding for transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2), and located in the HLA class II region, was studied in 167 IDDM patients (116 adult-onset and 51 childhood-onset patients) and 98 normal controls using oligotyping after genomic amplification.
196	8344340	From a practical point of view, they make the combined screening of HLA class II and TAP2 loci a highly valuable tool in IDDM prediction.
197	8344340	HLA class II association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is well established but is still difficult to map to a particular locus.
198	8344340	Polymorphism of the genes coding for transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2), and located in the HLA class II region, was studied in 167 IDDM patients (116 adult-onset and 51 childhood-onset patients) and 98 normal controls using oligotyping after genomic amplification.
199	8344340	From a practical point of view, they make the combined screening of HLA class II and TAP2 loci a highly valuable tool in IDDM prediction.
200	8477801	Linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles; no primary association between TAP2 variants and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
201	8477801	The TAP1 and TAP2 genes, located in the HLA class II region, encode subunits of a peptide transporter.
202	8477801	Here studies on linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles are reported, in an attempt to evaluate whether TAP2 variants are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
203	8477801	As reported previously, a significant decrease of homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding alanine at residue 665 (665 Ala) and glutamine at 687 (687 Gln) paralleled by an increase in homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding threonine at residue 665 (665 Thr) and a stop codon at 687 (687 Stop), was found in both Finnish and Norwegian IDDM patients compared to random controls.
204	8477801	Thus, when DR- and DQ-matched patients and controls were compared, associations of the investigated TAP2 variants and IDDM were no longer detectable.
205	8477801	These data, therefore, indicate that the associations previously found between certain TAP2 variants and IDDM are secondary to a primary association between this disease and particular DQ alpha beta heterodimers.
206	8477801	Linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles; no primary association between TAP2 variants and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
207	8477801	The TAP1 and TAP2 genes, located in the HLA class II region, encode subunits of a peptide transporter.
208	8477801	Here studies on linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles are reported, in an attempt to evaluate whether TAP2 variants are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
209	8477801	As reported previously, a significant decrease of homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding alanine at residue 665 (665 Ala) and glutamine at 687 (687 Gln) paralleled by an increase in homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding threonine at residue 665 (665 Thr) and a stop codon at 687 (687 Stop), was found in both Finnish and Norwegian IDDM patients compared to random controls.
210	8477801	Thus, when DR- and DQ-matched patients and controls were compared, associations of the investigated TAP2 variants and IDDM were no longer detectable.
211	8477801	These data, therefore, indicate that the associations previously found between certain TAP2 variants and IDDM are secondary to a primary association between this disease and particular DQ alpha beta heterodimers.
212	8477801	Linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles; no primary association between TAP2 variants and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
213	8477801	The TAP1 and TAP2 genes, located in the HLA class II region, encode subunits of a peptide transporter.
214	8477801	Here studies on linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles are reported, in an attempt to evaluate whether TAP2 variants are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
215	8477801	As reported previously, a significant decrease of homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding alanine at residue 665 (665 Ala) and glutamine at 687 (687 Gln) paralleled by an increase in homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding threonine at residue 665 (665 Thr) and a stop codon at 687 (687 Stop), was found in both Finnish and Norwegian IDDM patients compared to random controls.
216	8477801	Thus, when DR- and DQ-matched patients and controls were compared, associations of the investigated TAP2 variants and IDDM were no longer detectable.
217	8477801	These data, therefore, indicate that the associations previously found between certain TAP2 variants and IDDM are secondary to a primary association between this disease and particular DQ alpha beta heterodimers.
218	8477801	Linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles; no primary association between TAP2 variants and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
219	8477801	The TAP1 and TAP2 genes, located in the HLA class II region, encode subunits of a peptide transporter.
220	8477801	Here studies on linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles are reported, in an attempt to evaluate whether TAP2 variants are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
221	8477801	As reported previously, a significant decrease of homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding alanine at residue 665 (665 Ala) and glutamine at 687 (687 Gln) paralleled by an increase in homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding threonine at residue 665 (665 Thr) and a stop codon at 687 (687 Stop), was found in both Finnish and Norwegian IDDM patients compared to random controls.
222	8477801	Thus, when DR- and DQ-matched patients and controls were compared, associations of the investigated TAP2 variants and IDDM were no longer detectable.
223	8477801	These data, therefore, indicate that the associations previously found between certain TAP2 variants and IDDM are secondary to a primary association between this disease and particular DQ alpha beta heterodimers.
224	8477801	Linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles; no primary association between TAP2 variants and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
225	8477801	The TAP1 and TAP2 genes, located in the HLA class II region, encode subunits of a peptide transporter.
226	8477801	Here studies on linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles are reported, in an attempt to evaluate whether TAP2 variants are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
227	8477801	As reported previously, a significant decrease of homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding alanine at residue 665 (665 Ala) and glutamine at 687 (687 Gln) paralleled by an increase in homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding threonine at residue 665 (665 Thr) and a stop codon at 687 (687 Stop), was found in both Finnish and Norwegian IDDM patients compared to random controls.
228	8477801	Thus, when DR- and DQ-matched patients and controls were compared, associations of the investigated TAP2 variants and IDDM were no longer detectable.
229	8477801	These data, therefore, indicate that the associations previously found between certain TAP2 variants and IDDM are secondary to a primary association between this disease and particular DQ alpha beta heterodimers.
230	8477801	Linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles; no primary association between TAP2 variants and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
231	8477801	The TAP1 and TAP2 genes, located in the HLA class II region, encode subunits of a peptide transporter.
232	8477801	Here studies on linkage disequilibrium between TAP2 variants and HLA class II alleles are reported, in an attempt to evaluate whether TAP2 variants are associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
233	8477801	As reported previously, a significant decrease of homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding alanine at residue 665 (665 Ala) and glutamine at 687 (687 Gln) paralleled by an increase in homozygosity for TAP2 alleles encoding threonine at residue 665 (665 Thr) and a stop codon at 687 (687 Stop), was found in both Finnish and Norwegian IDDM patients compared to random controls.
234	8477801	Thus, when DR- and DQ-matched patients and controls were compared, associations of the investigated TAP2 variants and IDDM were no longer detectable.
235	8477801	These data, therefore, indicate that the associations previously found between certain TAP2 variants and IDDM are secondary to a primary association between this disease and particular DQ alpha beta heterodimers.
236	8847232	Absence of TAP2 contribution to association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
237	8847232	The polymorphic TAP1 and TAP2 genes encode a transporter protein required for delivery of cytosolic peptides to class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum.
238	8847232	Associations have been observed between TAP2 alleles and predisposition to autoimmune diseases such as IDDM but their interpretation has been complicated by the existence of LD between TAP2 and HLA class II loci, and conclusions are still contradictory.
239	8847232	We then addressed the question of whether TAP2 is an independent additional IDDM-protective or predisposing genetic factor.
240	8847232	A decreased TAP2-B phenotype frequency was observed in DRB103- and DRB104-negative IDDM patients compared with DRB103- and DRB104-negative normal controls (38.6% vs 63%, pc < 0.05), but was probably related to a combination of different weak LD between DRB1 and TAP2 alleles.
241	8847232	It thus appears that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM.
242	8847232	Absence of TAP2 contribution to association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
243	8847232	The polymorphic TAP1 and TAP2 genes encode a transporter protein required for delivery of cytosolic peptides to class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum.
244	8847232	Associations have been observed between TAP2 alleles and predisposition to autoimmune diseases such as IDDM but their interpretation has been complicated by the existence of LD between TAP2 and HLA class II loci, and conclusions are still contradictory.
245	8847232	We then addressed the question of whether TAP2 is an independent additional IDDM-protective or predisposing genetic factor.
246	8847232	A decreased TAP2-B phenotype frequency was observed in DRB103- and DRB104-negative IDDM patients compared with DRB103- and DRB104-negative normal controls (38.6% vs 63%, pc < 0.05), but was probably related to a combination of different weak LD between DRB1 and TAP2 alleles.
247	8847232	It thus appears that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM.
248	8847232	Absence of TAP2 contribution to association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
249	8847232	The polymorphic TAP1 and TAP2 genes encode a transporter protein required for delivery of cytosolic peptides to class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum.
250	8847232	Associations have been observed between TAP2 alleles and predisposition to autoimmune diseases such as IDDM but their interpretation has been complicated by the existence of LD between TAP2 and HLA class II loci, and conclusions are still contradictory.
251	8847232	We then addressed the question of whether TAP2 is an independent additional IDDM-protective or predisposing genetic factor.
252	8847232	A decreased TAP2-B phenotype frequency was observed in DRB103- and DRB104-negative IDDM patients compared with DRB103- and DRB104-negative normal controls (38.6% vs 63%, pc < 0.05), but was probably related to a combination of different weak LD between DRB1 and TAP2 alleles.
253	8847232	It thus appears that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM.
254	8847232	Absence of TAP2 contribution to association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
255	8847232	The polymorphic TAP1 and TAP2 genes encode a transporter protein required for delivery of cytosolic peptides to class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum.
256	8847232	Associations have been observed between TAP2 alleles and predisposition to autoimmune diseases such as IDDM but their interpretation has been complicated by the existence of LD between TAP2 and HLA class II loci, and conclusions are still contradictory.
257	8847232	We then addressed the question of whether TAP2 is an independent additional IDDM-protective or predisposing genetic factor.
258	8847232	A decreased TAP2-B phenotype frequency was observed in DRB103- and DRB104-negative IDDM patients compared with DRB103- and DRB104-negative normal controls (38.6% vs 63%, pc < 0.05), but was probably related to a combination of different weak LD between DRB1 and TAP2 alleles.
259	8847232	It thus appears that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM.
260	8847232	Absence of TAP2 contribution to association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
261	8847232	The polymorphic TAP1 and TAP2 genes encode a transporter protein required for delivery of cytosolic peptides to class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum.
262	8847232	Associations have been observed between TAP2 alleles and predisposition to autoimmune diseases such as IDDM but their interpretation has been complicated by the existence of LD between TAP2 and HLA class II loci, and conclusions are still contradictory.
263	8847232	We then addressed the question of whether TAP2 is an independent additional IDDM-protective or predisposing genetic factor.
264	8847232	A decreased TAP2-B phenotype frequency was observed in DRB103- and DRB104-negative IDDM patients compared with DRB103- and DRB104-negative normal controls (38.6% vs 63%, pc < 0.05), but was probably related to a combination of different weak LD between DRB1 and TAP2 alleles.
265	8847232	It thus appears that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM.
266	8847232	Absence of TAP2 contribution to association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
267	8847232	The polymorphic TAP1 and TAP2 genes encode a transporter protein required for delivery of cytosolic peptides to class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum.
268	8847232	Associations have been observed between TAP2 alleles and predisposition to autoimmune diseases such as IDDM but their interpretation has been complicated by the existence of LD between TAP2 and HLA class II loci, and conclusions are still contradictory.
269	8847232	We then addressed the question of whether TAP2 is an independent additional IDDM-protective or predisposing genetic factor.
270	8847232	A decreased TAP2-B phenotype frequency was observed in DRB103- and DRB104-negative IDDM patients compared with DRB103- and DRB104-negative normal controls (38.6% vs 63%, pc < 0.05), but was probably related to a combination of different weak LD between DRB1 and TAP2 alleles.
271	8847232	It thus appears that there is no primary association between TAP2 alleles and IDDM.
272	8988536	Genetic heterogeneity between type 1a and type 1b insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: HLA class II and TAP gene analysis.
273	8988536	HLA genes DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 were studied at the genomic level, as well as genes TAP1 and TAP2.
274	9226129	Polymorphisms of TAP1 and TAP2 genes in German patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
275	9226129	Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disorder in which the alleles HLA DQA10501-DQB10201 and DQA10301-DQB10302 confer strong susceptibility.
276	9226129	The genes for transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) are located near HLA DQ and display only a limited degree of polymorphism.
277	9226129	Since polymorphisms of TAP might influence susceptibility to IDDM possibly by selection of different antigen peptides, we investigated sequence variants of TAP1 and TAP2 genes in 120 German patients with IDDM and 218 random healthy German controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequence-specific oligonucleotide analysis (SSO), single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS).
278	9226129	In conclusion, our findings indicate that the observed association of TAP variants with IDDM in German patients is due to linkage disequilibrium with HLA DQ alleles/DRB1*04 subtypes.
279	9226129	Polymorphisms of TAP1 and TAP2 genes in German patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
280	9226129	Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disorder in which the alleles HLA DQA10501-DQB10201 and DQA10301-DQB10302 confer strong susceptibility.
281	9226129	The genes for transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) are located near HLA DQ and display only a limited degree of polymorphism.
282	9226129	Since polymorphisms of TAP might influence susceptibility to IDDM possibly by selection of different antigen peptides, we investigated sequence variants of TAP1 and TAP2 genes in 120 German patients with IDDM and 218 random healthy German controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequence-specific oligonucleotide analysis (SSO), single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS).
283	9226129	In conclusion, our findings indicate that the observed association of TAP variants with IDDM in German patients is due to linkage disequilibrium with HLA DQ alleles/DRB1*04 subtypes.
284	9226129	Polymorphisms of TAP1 and TAP2 genes in German patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
285	9226129	Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disorder in which the alleles HLA DQA10501-DQB10201 and DQA10301-DQB10302 confer strong susceptibility.
286	9226129	The genes for transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) are located near HLA DQ and display only a limited degree of polymorphism.
287	9226129	Since polymorphisms of TAP might influence susceptibility to IDDM possibly by selection of different antigen peptides, we investigated sequence variants of TAP1 and TAP2 genes in 120 German patients with IDDM and 218 random healthy German controls by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequence-specific oligonucleotide analysis (SSO), single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS).
288	9226129	In conclusion, our findings indicate that the observed association of TAP variants with IDDM in German patients is due to linkage disequilibrium with HLA DQ alleles/DRB1*04 subtypes.
289	9599304	Quantitative defects in the density of conformationally correct human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I complexes on the surface of lymphocytes are apparent in patients with diverse HLA-linked autoimmune diseases, including Type I diabetes and Sjögren's syndrome.
290	9599304	Polyglandular failure patients whose disease showed HLA linkage, but not those whose disease was not HLA linked, exhibited decreased HLA class I expression on the surface of their lymphocytes as well as a reduced abundance of transcripts of the HLA-linked genes Tap1 and Tap2, both of which encode proteins that contribute to HLA class I processing.
291	9599304	Second, lymphocytes from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), Sjögren's syndrome, Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's disease showed varying degrees of decreased abundance of mRNAs that encode Tap1, Tap2, Lmp2, or Lmp7 (the latter two proteins also contribute to HLA class I processing).
292	9599304	Fourth, functional assays of isolated diabetic proteasomes, the peptide cutting complex containing LMP2 and LMP7 proteins, revealed altered peptidase activity.
293	9599304	Quantitative defects in the density of conformationally correct human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I complexes on the surface of lymphocytes are apparent in patients with diverse HLA-linked autoimmune diseases, including Type I diabetes and Sjögren's syndrome.
294	9599304	Polyglandular failure patients whose disease showed HLA linkage, but not those whose disease was not HLA linked, exhibited decreased HLA class I expression on the surface of their lymphocytes as well as a reduced abundance of transcripts of the HLA-linked genes Tap1 and Tap2, both of which encode proteins that contribute to HLA class I processing.
295	9599304	Second, lymphocytes from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), Sjögren's syndrome, Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's disease showed varying degrees of decreased abundance of mRNAs that encode Tap1, Tap2, Lmp2, or Lmp7 (the latter two proteins also contribute to HLA class I processing).
296	9599304	Fourth, functional assays of isolated diabetic proteasomes, the peptide cutting complex containing LMP2 and LMP7 proteins, revealed altered peptidase activity.
297	11916171	The TAP1 and TAP2 transporters, which mediate the translocation of antigenic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum and whose genes are located in the HLA class II region, are potential candidates for conferrring predisposition to type I diabetes.
298	12507827	The human transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) genes are located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region of the genome and encode proteins that form a heterodimer essential for the transport of endogenous peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for assembly with HLA class I molecules.
299	12507827	The presentation of self-peptides by HLA class I molecules is defective in individuals with this disease, and both TAP1 and TAP2 are potential contributors to this defect.
300	12507827	The human transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) genes are located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region of the genome and encode proteins that form a heterodimer essential for the transport of endogenous peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for assembly with HLA class I molecules.
301	12507827	The presentation of self-peptides by HLA class I molecules is defective in individuals with this disease, and both TAP1 and TAP2 are potential contributors to this defect.
302	12786999	In order to determine the ethnic origin of the transporter associated with antigen processing 2 (TAP2) G allele, initially discovered by us in a group of type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) patients living on Reunion Island, HLA TAP2 typing was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-amplification refractory mutation system (PCR-ARMS) method in type 1 diabetes patients and unrelated healthy controls of three different ethnic groups (Caucasians, Indians and black Africans from Senegal and Mauritius).
303	12933541	The protein encoded by the TAP2 gene is important in T cell function, and thus may affect the development of autoimmune diseases such as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
304	15336779	In this study, we have investigated the frequencies of TAP1 and TAP2 alleles in a group of 226 persons, living in La Reunion Island, consisting of 70 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and most of their first degree relatives (i.e., 156 parents and full sibling subjects) and previously HLA DQB1, DQA1, and DRB1 genotyped.