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Gene Information
Gene symbol: WARS
Gene name: tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase
HGNC ID: 12729
Synonyms: IFP53
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 1725283 | They include increased fetal hemoglobin (alpha 2 gamma 2), variations in hemoglobin A2 concentration, the presence of Hb H (beta 4), Bart's Hb (gamma 4), Hb Köelliker, glycosylated, carbamylated and acetylated hemoglobins. |
| 2 | 7343668 | Proteins identified were: albumin, alpha 1-globulin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, beta 1C-globulin, and gamma 1- and gamma 2-globulins. |
| 3 | 7822262 | The amounts of four isoforms of the catalytic subunit of type-1 protein phosphatase, PP1 alpha, PP1 gamma 1, PP1 gamma 2, and PP1 delta have been determined in extracts of various mouse tissues including brain, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, small intestine, heart, lung, spleen, thymus, and testis by Western blot analysis. |
| 4 | 7822262 | Immunoreactive bands for PP1 isoforms were detected at 39.5, 38.5, and 40 kDa for PP1 alpha, PP1 gamma 1, and PP1 gamma 2, respectively, and at 39 and 37 kDa for PP1 delta. |
| 5 | 7822262 | The amount of PP1 gamma 1 was at higher levels in brain, small intestine, and lung, being 2 to 3 times those in other tissues except heart and spleen, in which PP1 gamma 1 was not detectable. |
| 6 | 7822262 | The amount of PP1 gamma 2 was extremely large in testis, small in brain, lung, spleen, and thymus, but it was not detectable in the other tissues. |
| 7 | 7822262 | The amounts of PP1 alpha were progressively decreased in livers of NOD mice as a function of increasing concentrations of blood glucose, whereas the amounts of PP1 gamma 1 and PP1 delta were unchanged. |
| 8 | 7822262 | The amounts of four isoforms of the catalytic subunit of type-1 protein phosphatase, PP1 alpha, PP1 gamma 1, PP1 gamma 2, and PP1 delta have been determined in extracts of various mouse tissues including brain, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, small intestine, heart, lung, spleen, thymus, and testis by Western blot analysis. |
| 9 | 7822262 | Immunoreactive bands for PP1 isoforms were detected at 39.5, 38.5, and 40 kDa for PP1 alpha, PP1 gamma 1, and PP1 gamma 2, respectively, and at 39 and 37 kDa for PP1 delta. |
| 10 | 7822262 | The amount of PP1 gamma 1 was at higher levels in brain, small intestine, and lung, being 2 to 3 times those in other tissues except heart and spleen, in which PP1 gamma 1 was not detectable. |
| 11 | 7822262 | The amount of PP1 gamma 2 was extremely large in testis, small in brain, lung, spleen, and thymus, but it was not detectable in the other tissues. |
| 12 | 7822262 | The amounts of PP1 alpha were progressively decreased in livers of NOD mice as a function of increasing concentrations of blood glucose, whereas the amounts of PP1 gamma 1 and PP1 delta were unchanged. |
| 13 | 7822262 | The amounts of four isoforms of the catalytic subunit of type-1 protein phosphatase, PP1 alpha, PP1 gamma 1, PP1 gamma 2, and PP1 delta have been determined in extracts of various mouse tissues including brain, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, small intestine, heart, lung, spleen, thymus, and testis by Western blot analysis. |
| 14 | 7822262 | Immunoreactive bands for PP1 isoforms were detected at 39.5, 38.5, and 40 kDa for PP1 alpha, PP1 gamma 1, and PP1 gamma 2, respectively, and at 39 and 37 kDa for PP1 delta. |
| 15 | 7822262 | The amount of PP1 gamma 1 was at higher levels in brain, small intestine, and lung, being 2 to 3 times those in other tissues except heart and spleen, in which PP1 gamma 1 was not detectable. |
| 16 | 7822262 | The amount of PP1 gamma 2 was extremely large in testis, small in brain, lung, spleen, and thymus, but it was not detectable in the other tissues. |
| 17 | 7822262 | The amounts of PP1 alpha were progressively decreased in livers of NOD mice as a function of increasing concentrations of blood glucose, whereas the amounts of PP1 gamma 1 and PP1 delta were unchanged. |
| 18 | 8647948 | Regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents. |
| 19 | 8647948 | The orphan nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, is implicated in mediating expression of fat-specific genes and in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 20 | 8647948 | The potential for regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression in vivo is unknown. |
| 21 | 8647948 | We cloned a partial mouse PPAR gamma cDNA and developed an RNase protection assay that permits simultaneous quantitation of mRNAs for both gamma l and gamma 2 isoforms encoded by the PPAR gamma gene. |
| 22 | 8647948 | Probes for detection of adipocyte P2, the obese gene product, leptin, and 18S mRNAs were also employed. |
| 23 | 8647948 | PPAR gamma 1 expression was also detected at lower levels in liver, spleen, and heart; whereas, gamma l and gamma 2 mRNA were expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle. |
| 24 | 8647948 | Fasting (12-48 h) was associated with an 80% fall in PPAR gamma 2 and a 50% fall in PPAR gamma mRNA levels in adipose tissue. |
| 25 | 8647948 | Western blot analysis demonstrated a marked effect of fasting to reduce PPAR gamma protein levels in adipose tissue. |
| 26 | 8647948 | Similar effects of fasting on PPAR gamma mRNAs were noted in all three models of obesity. |
| 27 | 8647948 | Insulin-deficient (streptozotocin) diabetes suppressed adipose tissue gamma l and gamma 2 expression by 75% in normal mice with partial restoration during insulin treatment. |
| 28 | 8647948 | Levels of adipose tissue PPAR gamma 2 mRNA were increased by 50% in normal mice exposed to a high fat diet. |
| 29 | 8647948 | In obese uncoupling protein diphtheria toxin A mice, high fat feeding resulted in de novo induction of PPAR gamma 2 expression in liver. |
| 30 | 8647948 | We conclude (a) PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression is most abundant in adipocytes in normal mice, but lower level expression is seen in skeletal muscle; (b) expression of adipose tissue gamma1 or gamma2 mRNAs is increased in only one of the three models of obesity; (c) PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2 expression is downregulated by fasting and insulin-deficient diabetes; and (d) exposure of mice to a high fat diet increases adipose tissue expression of PPAR gamma (in normal mice) and induces PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression in liver (in obese mice). |
| 31 | 8647948 | These findings demonstrate in vivo modulation of PPAR gamma mRNA levels over a fourfold range and provide an additional level of regulation for the control of adipocyte development and function. |
| 32 | 8647948 | Regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents. |
| 33 | 8647948 | The orphan nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, is implicated in mediating expression of fat-specific genes and in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 34 | 8647948 | The potential for regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression in vivo is unknown. |
| 35 | 8647948 | We cloned a partial mouse PPAR gamma cDNA and developed an RNase protection assay that permits simultaneous quantitation of mRNAs for both gamma l and gamma 2 isoforms encoded by the PPAR gamma gene. |
| 36 | 8647948 | Probes for detection of adipocyte P2, the obese gene product, leptin, and 18S mRNAs were also employed. |
| 37 | 8647948 | PPAR gamma 1 expression was also detected at lower levels in liver, spleen, and heart; whereas, gamma l and gamma 2 mRNA were expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle. |
| 38 | 8647948 | Fasting (12-48 h) was associated with an 80% fall in PPAR gamma 2 and a 50% fall in PPAR gamma mRNA levels in adipose tissue. |
| 39 | 8647948 | Western blot analysis demonstrated a marked effect of fasting to reduce PPAR gamma protein levels in adipose tissue. |
| 40 | 8647948 | Similar effects of fasting on PPAR gamma mRNAs were noted in all three models of obesity. |
| 41 | 8647948 | Insulin-deficient (streptozotocin) diabetes suppressed adipose tissue gamma l and gamma 2 expression by 75% in normal mice with partial restoration during insulin treatment. |
| 42 | 8647948 | Levels of adipose tissue PPAR gamma 2 mRNA were increased by 50% in normal mice exposed to a high fat diet. |
| 43 | 8647948 | In obese uncoupling protein diphtheria toxin A mice, high fat feeding resulted in de novo induction of PPAR gamma 2 expression in liver. |
| 44 | 8647948 | We conclude (a) PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression is most abundant in adipocytes in normal mice, but lower level expression is seen in skeletal muscle; (b) expression of adipose tissue gamma1 or gamma2 mRNAs is increased in only one of the three models of obesity; (c) PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2 expression is downregulated by fasting and insulin-deficient diabetes; and (d) exposure of mice to a high fat diet increases adipose tissue expression of PPAR gamma (in normal mice) and induces PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression in liver (in obese mice). |
| 45 | 8647948 | These findings demonstrate in vivo modulation of PPAR gamma mRNA levels over a fourfold range and provide an additional level of regulation for the control of adipocyte development and function. |
| 46 | 8647948 | Regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents. |
| 47 | 8647948 | The orphan nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, is implicated in mediating expression of fat-specific genes and in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 48 | 8647948 | The potential for regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression in vivo is unknown. |
| 49 | 8647948 | We cloned a partial mouse PPAR gamma cDNA and developed an RNase protection assay that permits simultaneous quantitation of mRNAs for both gamma l and gamma 2 isoforms encoded by the PPAR gamma gene. |
| 50 | 8647948 | Probes for detection of adipocyte P2, the obese gene product, leptin, and 18S mRNAs were also employed. |
| 51 | 8647948 | PPAR gamma 1 expression was also detected at lower levels in liver, spleen, and heart; whereas, gamma l and gamma 2 mRNA were expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle. |
| 52 | 8647948 | Fasting (12-48 h) was associated with an 80% fall in PPAR gamma 2 and a 50% fall in PPAR gamma mRNA levels in adipose tissue. |
| 53 | 8647948 | Western blot analysis demonstrated a marked effect of fasting to reduce PPAR gamma protein levels in adipose tissue. |
| 54 | 8647948 | Similar effects of fasting on PPAR gamma mRNAs were noted in all three models of obesity. |
| 55 | 8647948 | Insulin-deficient (streptozotocin) diabetes suppressed adipose tissue gamma l and gamma 2 expression by 75% in normal mice with partial restoration during insulin treatment. |
| 56 | 8647948 | Levels of adipose tissue PPAR gamma 2 mRNA were increased by 50% in normal mice exposed to a high fat diet. |
| 57 | 8647948 | In obese uncoupling protein diphtheria toxin A mice, high fat feeding resulted in de novo induction of PPAR gamma 2 expression in liver. |
| 58 | 8647948 | We conclude (a) PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression is most abundant in adipocytes in normal mice, but lower level expression is seen in skeletal muscle; (b) expression of adipose tissue gamma1 or gamma2 mRNAs is increased in only one of the three models of obesity; (c) PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2 expression is downregulated by fasting and insulin-deficient diabetes; and (d) exposure of mice to a high fat diet increases adipose tissue expression of PPAR gamma (in normal mice) and induces PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression in liver (in obese mice). |
| 59 | 8647948 | These findings demonstrate in vivo modulation of PPAR gamma mRNA levels over a fourfold range and provide an additional level of regulation for the control of adipocyte development and function. |
| 60 | 8647948 | Regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents. |
| 61 | 8647948 | The orphan nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, is implicated in mediating expression of fat-specific genes and in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 62 | 8647948 | The potential for regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression in vivo is unknown. |
| 63 | 8647948 | We cloned a partial mouse PPAR gamma cDNA and developed an RNase protection assay that permits simultaneous quantitation of mRNAs for both gamma l and gamma 2 isoforms encoded by the PPAR gamma gene. |
| 64 | 8647948 | Probes for detection of adipocyte P2, the obese gene product, leptin, and 18S mRNAs were also employed. |
| 65 | 8647948 | PPAR gamma 1 expression was also detected at lower levels in liver, spleen, and heart; whereas, gamma l and gamma 2 mRNA were expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle. |
| 66 | 8647948 | Fasting (12-48 h) was associated with an 80% fall in PPAR gamma 2 and a 50% fall in PPAR gamma mRNA levels in adipose tissue. |
| 67 | 8647948 | Western blot analysis demonstrated a marked effect of fasting to reduce PPAR gamma protein levels in adipose tissue. |
| 68 | 8647948 | Similar effects of fasting on PPAR gamma mRNAs were noted in all three models of obesity. |
| 69 | 8647948 | Insulin-deficient (streptozotocin) diabetes suppressed adipose tissue gamma l and gamma 2 expression by 75% in normal mice with partial restoration during insulin treatment. |
| 70 | 8647948 | Levels of adipose tissue PPAR gamma 2 mRNA were increased by 50% in normal mice exposed to a high fat diet. |
| 71 | 8647948 | In obese uncoupling protein diphtheria toxin A mice, high fat feeding resulted in de novo induction of PPAR gamma 2 expression in liver. |
| 72 | 8647948 | We conclude (a) PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression is most abundant in adipocytes in normal mice, but lower level expression is seen in skeletal muscle; (b) expression of adipose tissue gamma1 or gamma2 mRNAs is increased in only one of the three models of obesity; (c) PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2 expression is downregulated by fasting and insulin-deficient diabetes; and (d) exposure of mice to a high fat diet increases adipose tissue expression of PPAR gamma (in normal mice) and induces PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression in liver (in obese mice). |
| 73 | 8647948 | These findings demonstrate in vivo modulation of PPAR gamma mRNA levels over a fourfold range and provide an additional level of regulation for the control of adipocyte development and function. |
| 74 | 8647948 | Regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents. |
| 75 | 8647948 | The orphan nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, is implicated in mediating expression of fat-specific genes and in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 76 | 8647948 | The potential for regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression in vivo is unknown. |
| 77 | 8647948 | We cloned a partial mouse PPAR gamma cDNA and developed an RNase protection assay that permits simultaneous quantitation of mRNAs for both gamma l and gamma 2 isoforms encoded by the PPAR gamma gene. |
| 78 | 8647948 | Probes for detection of adipocyte P2, the obese gene product, leptin, and 18S mRNAs were also employed. |
| 79 | 8647948 | PPAR gamma 1 expression was also detected at lower levels in liver, spleen, and heart; whereas, gamma l and gamma 2 mRNA were expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle. |
| 80 | 8647948 | Fasting (12-48 h) was associated with an 80% fall in PPAR gamma 2 and a 50% fall in PPAR gamma mRNA levels in adipose tissue. |
| 81 | 8647948 | Western blot analysis demonstrated a marked effect of fasting to reduce PPAR gamma protein levels in adipose tissue. |
| 82 | 8647948 | Similar effects of fasting on PPAR gamma mRNAs were noted in all three models of obesity. |
| 83 | 8647948 | Insulin-deficient (streptozotocin) diabetes suppressed adipose tissue gamma l and gamma 2 expression by 75% in normal mice with partial restoration during insulin treatment. |
| 84 | 8647948 | Levels of adipose tissue PPAR gamma 2 mRNA were increased by 50% in normal mice exposed to a high fat diet. |
| 85 | 8647948 | In obese uncoupling protein diphtheria toxin A mice, high fat feeding resulted in de novo induction of PPAR gamma 2 expression in liver. |
| 86 | 8647948 | We conclude (a) PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression is most abundant in adipocytes in normal mice, but lower level expression is seen in skeletal muscle; (b) expression of adipose tissue gamma1 or gamma2 mRNAs is increased in only one of the three models of obesity; (c) PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2 expression is downregulated by fasting and insulin-deficient diabetes; and (d) exposure of mice to a high fat diet increases adipose tissue expression of PPAR gamma (in normal mice) and induces PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression in liver (in obese mice). |
| 87 | 8647948 | These findings demonstrate in vivo modulation of PPAR gamma mRNA levels over a fourfold range and provide an additional level of regulation for the control of adipocyte development and function. |
| 88 | 8647948 | Regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents. |
| 89 | 8647948 | The orphan nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, is implicated in mediating expression of fat-specific genes and in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 90 | 8647948 | The potential for regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression in vivo is unknown. |
| 91 | 8647948 | We cloned a partial mouse PPAR gamma cDNA and developed an RNase protection assay that permits simultaneous quantitation of mRNAs for both gamma l and gamma 2 isoforms encoded by the PPAR gamma gene. |
| 92 | 8647948 | Probes for detection of adipocyte P2, the obese gene product, leptin, and 18S mRNAs were also employed. |
| 93 | 8647948 | PPAR gamma 1 expression was also detected at lower levels in liver, spleen, and heart; whereas, gamma l and gamma 2 mRNA were expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle. |
| 94 | 8647948 | Fasting (12-48 h) was associated with an 80% fall in PPAR gamma 2 and a 50% fall in PPAR gamma mRNA levels in adipose tissue. |
| 95 | 8647948 | Western blot analysis demonstrated a marked effect of fasting to reduce PPAR gamma protein levels in adipose tissue. |
| 96 | 8647948 | Similar effects of fasting on PPAR gamma mRNAs were noted in all three models of obesity. |
| 97 | 8647948 | Insulin-deficient (streptozotocin) diabetes suppressed adipose tissue gamma l and gamma 2 expression by 75% in normal mice with partial restoration during insulin treatment. |
| 98 | 8647948 | Levels of adipose tissue PPAR gamma 2 mRNA were increased by 50% in normal mice exposed to a high fat diet. |
| 99 | 8647948 | In obese uncoupling protein diphtheria toxin A mice, high fat feeding resulted in de novo induction of PPAR gamma 2 expression in liver. |
| 100 | 8647948 | We conclude (a) PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression is most abundant in adipocytes in normal mice, but lower level expression is seen in skeletal muscle; (b) expression of adipose tissue gamma1 or gamma2 mRNAs is increased in only one of the three models of obesity; (c) PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2 expression is downregulated by fasting and insulin-deficient diabetes; and (d) exposure of mice to a high fat diet increases adipose tissue expression of PPAR gamma (in normal mice) and induces PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression in liver (in obese mice). |
| 101 | 8647948 | These findings demonstrate in vivo modulation of PPAR gamma mRNA levels over a fourfold range and provide an additional level of regulation for the control of adipocyte development and function. |
| 102 | 8647948 | Regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression by nutrition and obesity in rodents. |
| 103 | 8647948 | The orphan nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, is implicated in mediating expression of fat-specific genes and in activating the program of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 104 | 8647948 | The potential for regulation of PPAR gamma gene expression in vivo is unknown. |
| 105 | 8647948 | We cloned a partial mouse PPAR gamma cDNA and developed an RNase protection assay that permits simultaneous quantitation of mRNAs for both gamma l and gamma 2 isoforms encoded by the PPAR gamma gene. |
| 106 | 8647948 | Probes for detection of adipocyte P2, the obese gene product, leptin, and 18S mRNAs were also employed. |
| 107 | 8647948 | PPAR gamma 1 expression was also detected at lower levels in liver, spleen, and heart; whereas, gamma l and gamma 2 mRNA were expressed at low levels in skeletal muscle. |
| 108 | 8647948 | Fasting (12-48 h) was associated with an 80% fall in PPAR gamma 2 and a 50% fall in PPAR gamma mRNA levels in adipose tissue. |
| 109 | 8647948 | Western blot analysis demonstrated a marked effect of fasting to reduce PPAR gamma protein levels in adipose tissue. |
| 110 | 8647948 | Similar effects of fasting on PPAR gamma mRNAs were noted in all three models of obesity. |
| 111 | 8647948 | Insulin-deficient (streptozotocin) diabetes suppressed adipose tissue gamma l and gamma 2 expression by 75% in normal mice with partial restoration during insulin treatment. |
| 112 | 8647948 | Levels of adipose tissue PPAR gamma 2 mRNA were increased by 50% in normal mice exposed to a high fat diet. |
| 113 | 8647948 | In obese uncoupling protein diphtheria toxin A mice, high fat feeding resulted in de novo induction of PPAR gamma 2 expression in liver. |
| 114 | 8647948 | We conclude (a) PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression is most abundant in adipocytes in normal mice, but lower level expression is seen in skeletal muscle; (b) expression of adipose tissue gamma1 or gamma2 mRNAs is increased in only one of the three models of obesity; (c) PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2 expression is downregulated by fasting and insulin-deficient diabetes; and (d) exposure of mice to a high fat diet increases adipose tissue expression of PPAR gamma (in normal mice) and induces PPAR gamma 2 mRNA expression in liver (in obese mice). |
| 115 | 8647948 | These findings demonstrate in vivo modulation of PPAR gamma mRNA levels over a fourfold range and provide an additional level of regulation for the control of adipocyte development and function. |
| 116 | 9168928 | Chromosomal localization and partial genomic structure of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (hPPAR gamma) gene. |
| 117 | 9168928 | We determined the chromosomal localization and partial genomic structure of the coding region of the human PPAR gamma gene (hPPAR gamma), a nuclear receptor important for adipocyte differentiation and function. |
| 118 | 9168928 | Sequence analysis and long PCR of human genomic DNA with primers that span putative introns revealed that intron positions and sizes of hPPAR gamma are similar to those previously determined for the mouse PPAR gamma gene[13]. |
| 119 | 9168928 | These sequences of the intron/exon junctions of the 6 coding exons shared by hPPAR gamma 1 and hPPAR gamma 2 will facilitate screening for possible mutations. |
| 120 | 9168928 | Furthermore, D3S1263 is a suitable polymorphic marker for linkage analysis to evaluate PPAR gamma's potential contribution to genetic susceptibility to obesity, lipoatrophy, insulin resistance, and diabetes. |
| 121 | 9231657 | In addition, thiazolidinediones improve insulin resistance in vivo by activating PPAR gamma. |
| 122 | 9231657 | Using a quantitative and sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, we determined the distribution and relative mRNA expression of the four PPARs (alpha,beta, gamma1, and gamma2) and liver X receptor-alpha (LXR alpha) in the main tissues implicated in lipid metabolism. |
| 123 | 9231657 | PPAR alpha and LXR alpha were mainly expressed in liver, while PPAR gamma1 predominated in adipose tissue and large intestine. |
| 124 | 9231657 | We found that PPAR gamma2 mRNA was a minor isoform, even in adipose tissue, thus causing question of its role in humans. |
| 125 | 9231657 | PPAR beta mRNA was present in all the tissues tested at low levels. |
| 126 | 9231657 | In addition, PPAR gamma mRNA was barely detectable in skeletal muscle, suggesting that improvement of insulin resistance with thiazolidinediones may not result from a direct effect of these agents on PPAR gamma in muscle. |
| 127 | 9231657 | The mRNA levels of PPAR gamma1, the predominant form in adipocytes, did not correlate with BMI, leptin mRNA levels, or fasting insulinemia in 29 subjects with various degrees of obesity. |
| 128 | 9231657 | In addition, thiazolidinediones improve insulin resistance in vivo by activating PPAR gamma. |
| 129 | 9231657 | Using a quantitative and sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, we determined the distribution and relative mRNA expression of the four PPARs (alpha,beta, gamma1, and gamma2) and liver X receptor-alpha (LXR alpha) in the main tissues implicated in lipid metabolism. |
| 130 | 9231657 | PPAR alpha and LXR alpha were mainly expressed in liver, while PPAR gamma1 predominated in adipose tissue and large intestine. |
| 131 | 9231657 | We found that PPAR gamma2 mRNA was a minor isoform, even in adipose tissue, thus causing question of its role in humans. |
| 132 | 9231657 | PPAR beta mRNA was present in all the tissues tested at low levels. |
| 133 | 9231657 | In addition, PPAR gamma mRNA was barely detectable in skeletal muscle, suggesting that improvement of insulin resistance with thiazolidinediones may not result from a direct effect of these agents on PPAR gamma in muscle. |
| 134 | 9231657 | The mRNA levels of PPAR gamma1, the predominant form in adipocytes, did not correlate with BMI, leptin mRNA levels, or fasting insulinemia in 29 subjects with various degrees of obesity. |
| 135 | 9353361 | In recombinant GABAA receptors composed of alpha-5 beta-3 gamma-2 subunits, the Kd of [3H]RY 80 (approximately 0.5 nM) was consistent with the value obtained in hippocampus, whereas the Bmax value was not significantly different from that obtained with [3H]flunitrazepam. |
| 136 | 9353361 | The potencies of several benzodiazepine site ligands to inhibit [3H]RY 80 binding to hippocampal membranes were in agreement with the values obtained in recombinant (alpha-5 beta-3 gamma-2) GABAA receptors. [3H]RY 80 was used both in a "GABA shift" assay to correctly predict the in vivo actions of a novel, alpha-5-selective ligand and to characterize a population of GABAA receptors containing alpha-5 subunits in neonatal rat cortex. |
| 137 | 9353361 | In recombinant GABAA receptors composed of alpha-5 beta-3 gamma-2 subunits, the Kd of [3H]RY 80 (approximately 0.5 nM) was consistent with the value obtained in hippocampus, whereas the Bmax value was not significantly different from that obtained with [3H]flunitrazepam. |
| 138 | 9353361 | The potencies of several benzodiazepine site ligands to inhibit [3H]RY 80 binding to hippocampal membranes were in agreement with the values obtained in recombinant (alpha-5 beta-3 gamma-2) GABAA receptors. [3H]RY 80 was used both in a "GABA shift" assay to correctly predict the in vivo actions of a novel, alpha-5-selective ligand and to characterize a population of GABAA receptors containing alpha-5 subunits in neonatal rat cortex. |
| 139 | 9425261 | Molecular scanning of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (hPPAR gamma) gene in diabetic Caucasians: identification of a Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 missense mutation. |
| 140 | 9425261 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation, and possibly lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. |
| 141 | 9425261 | As such, PPAR gamma is a promising candidate gene for several human disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 142 | 9425261 | Screening for mutations in the entire coding region of the PPAR gamma gene (both gamma 1 and gamma 2 isoforms) was performed with DNA of 26 diabetic Caucasians with or without obesity. |
| 143 | 9425261 | Two base substitutions were identified: a silent mutation at nucleotide 1431 (CACHis-->CATHis) and a missense mutation (CCGPro-->GCGAla) at codon 12 of PPAR gamma 2. |
| 144 | 9425261 | The allele frequency of the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 variant was 0.12 in Caucasian Americans, 0.10 in Mexican Americans, 0.08 in Samoans, 0.03 in African Americans, 0.02 in Nauruans, and 0.01 in Chinese. |
| 145 | 9425261 | We conclude that the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 gene variant is present in diverse populations. |
| 146 | 9425261 | Molecular scanning of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (hPPAR gamma) gene in diabetic Caucasians: identification of a Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 missense mutation. |
| 147 | 9425261 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation, and possibly lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. |
| 148 | 9425261 | As such, PPAR gamma is a promising candidate gene for several human disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 149 | 9425261 | Screening for mutations in the entire coding region of the PPAR gamma gene (both gamma 1 and gamma 2 isoforms) was performed with DNA of 26 diabetic Caucasians with or without obesity. |
| 150 | 9425261 | Two base substitutions were identified: a silent mutation at nucleotide 1431 (CACHis-->CATHis) and a missense mutation (CCGPro-->GCGAla) at codon 12 of PPAR gamma 2. |
| 151 | 9425261 | The allele frequency of the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 variant was 0.12 in Caucasian Americans, 0.10 in Mexican Americans, 0.08 in Samoans, 0.03 in African Americans, 0.02 in Nauruans, and 0.01 in Chinese. |
| 152 | 9425261 | We conclude that the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 gene variant is present in diverse populations. |
| 153 | 9425261 | Molecular scanning of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (hPPAR gamma) gene in diabetic Caucasians: identification of a Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 missense mutation. |
| 154 | 9425261 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation, and possibly lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. |
| 155 | 9425261 | As such, PPAR gamma is a promising candidate gene for several human disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 156 | 9425261 | Screening for mutations in the entire coding region of the PPAR gamma gene (both gamma 1 and gamma 2 isoforms) was performed with DNA of 26 diabetic Caucasians with or without obesity. |
| 157 | 9425261 | Two base substitutions were identified: a silent mutation at nucleotide 1431 (CACHis-->CATHis) and a missense mutation (CCGPro-->GCGAla) at codon 12 of PPAR gamma 2. |
| 158 | 9425261 | The allele frequency of the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 variant was 0.12 in Caucasian Americans, 0.10 in Mexican Americans, 0.08 in Samoans, 0.03 in African Americans, 0.02 in Nauruans, and 0.01 in Chinese. |
| 159 | 9425261 | We conclude that the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 gene variant is present in diverse populations. |
| 160 | 9425261 | Molecular scanning of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (hPPAR gamma) gene in diabetic Caucasians: identification of a Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 missense mutation. |
| 161 | 9425261 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation, and possibly lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. |
| 162 | 9425261 | As such, PPAR gamma is a promising candidate gene for several human disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 163 | 9425261 | Screening for mutations in the entire coding region of the PPAR gamma gene (both gamma 1 and gamma 2 isoforms) was performed with DNA of 26 diabetic Caucasians with or without obesity. |
| 164 | 9425261 | Two base substitutions were identified: a silent mutation at nucleotide 1431 (CACHis-->CATHis) and a missense mutation (CCGPro-->GCGAla) at codon 12 of PPAR gamma 2. |
| 165 | 9425261 | The allele frequency of the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 variant was 0.12 in Caucasian Americans, 0.10 in Mexican Americans, 0.08 in Samoans, 0.03 in African Americans, 0.02 in Nauruans, and 0.01 in Chinese. |
| 166 | 9425261 | We conclude that the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 gene variant is present in diverse populations. |
| 167 | 9425261 | Molecular scanning of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (hPPAR gamma) gene in diabetic Caucasians: identification of a Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 missense mutation. |
| 168 | 9425261 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation, and possibly lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity. |
| 169 | 9425261 | As such, PPAR gamma is a promising candidate gene for several human disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 170 | 9425261 | Screening for mutations in the entire coding region of the PPAR gamma gene (both gamma 1 and gamma 2 isoforms) was performed with DNA of 26 diabetic Caucasians with or without obesity. |
| 171 | 9425261 | Two base substitutions were identified: a silent mutation at nucleotide 1431 (CACHis-->CATHis) and a missense mutation (CCGPro-->GCGAla) at codon 12 of PPAR gamma 2. |
| 172 | 9425261 | The allele frequency of the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 variant was 0.12 in Caucasian Americans, 0.10 in Mexican Americans, 0.08 in Samoans, 0.03 in African Americans, 0.02 in Nauruans, and 0.01 in Chinese. |
| 173 | 9425261 | We conclude that the Pro12Ala PPAR gamma 2 gene variant is present in diverse populations. |
| 174 | 9568706 | BRL 49653 blocks the lipolytic actions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: a potential new insulin-sensitizing mechanism for thiazolidinediones. |
| 175 | 9568706 | Adipocyte production of TNF-alpha is proposed to play a role in the development of insulin resistance, and because BRL 49653 has been shown to antagonize some of the effects of TNF-alpha, we examined the effects of TNF-alpha and BRL 49653 on adipocyte lipolysis. |
| 176 | 9568706 | Prolonged treatment (5 days) with either BRL 49653 or another PPAR-gamma2 agonist, 15-d delta-12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15-d deltaPGJ2), blocked TNF-alpha-induced glycerol release by approximately 100%. |
| 177 | 9568706 | BRL 49653 partially blocked the TNF-alpha-mediated reduction in protein levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin A, two proteins involved in adipocyte lipolysis. |
| 178 | 9806549 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a transcription factor that has a pivotal role in adipocyte differentiation and expression of adipocyte-specific genes. |
| 179 | 9806549 | Insulin stimulates the ligand-independent activation of PPARgamma1 and gamma2 (ref. 5), however, obesity and nutritional factors only influence the expression of PPARgamma2 in human adipocytes. |
| 180 | 10102684 | Insulin acutely regulates the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in human adipocytes. |
| 181 | 10102684 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is one of the key actors of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 182 | 10102684 | This study demonstrates 1) that PPAR-gamma mRNA expression is not altered in subcutaneous adipose tissue (n = 44) or in skeletal muscle (n = 19) of subjects spanning a wide range of BMIs (20-53 kg/m2) and 2) that insulin acutely increases PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in human adipocytes both in vivo and in vitro. |
| 183 | 10102684 | Insulin significantly increased PPAR-gamma mRNA levels in lean subjects (88 +/- 17%, n = 6), in type 2 diabetic patients (100 +/- 19%, n = 6), and in nondiabetic obese patients (91 +/- 20%, n = 6). |
| 184 | 10102684 | Both PPAR-gamma1 and PPAR-gamma2 mRNA variants were increased (P < 0.05) after insulin infusion. |
| 185 | 10102684 | In isolated human adipocytes, insulin induced the two PPAR-gamma mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner, with half-maximal stimulation at a concentration of approximately 1-5 nmol/l. |
| 186 | 10102684 | However, PPAR-gamma2 mRNA was rapidly (2 h) and transiently increased, whereas a slow and more progressive induction of PPAR-gamma1 was observed during the 6 h of incubation. |
| 187 | 10102684 | These data demonstrate that PPAR-gamma belongs to the list of the insulin-regulated genes and that obesity and type 2 diabetes are not associated with alteration in the expression of this nuclear receptor in adipose tissue. |
| 188 | 10102684 | Insulin acutely regulates the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in human adipocytes. |
| 189 | 10102684 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is one of the key actors of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 190 | 10102684 | This study demonstrates 1) that PPAR-gamma mRNA expression is not altered in subcutaneous adipose tissue (n = 44) or in skeletal muscle (n = 19) of subjects spanning a wide range of BMIs (20-53 kg/m2) and 2) that insulin acutely increases PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in human adipocytes both in vivo and in vitro. |
| 191 | 10102684 | Insulin significantly increased PPAR-gamma mRNA levels in lean subjects (88 +/- 17%, n = 6), in type 2 diabetic patients (100 +/- 19%, n = 6), and in nondiabetic obese patients (91 +/- 20%, n = 6). |
| 192 | 10102684 | Both PPAR-gamma1 and PPAR-gamma2 mRNA variants were increased (P < 0.05) after insulin infusion. |
| 193 | 10102684 | In isolated human adipocytes, insulin induced the two PPAR-gamma mRNAs in a dose-dependent manner, with half-maximal stimulation at a concentration of approximately 1-5 nmol/l. |
| 194 | 10102684 | However, PPAR-gamma2 mRNA was rapidly (2 h) and transiently increased, whereas a slow and more progressive induction of PPAR-gamma1 was observed during the 6 h of incubation. |
| 195 | 10102684 | These data demonstrate that PPAR-gamma belongs to the list of the insulin-regulated genes and that obesity and type 2 diabetes are not associated with alteration in the expression of this nuclear receptor in adipose tissue. |
| 196 | 10334300 | Altered energy balance causes selective changes in melanocortin-4(MC4-R), but not melanocortin-3 (MC3-R), receptors in specific hypothalamic regions: further evidence that activation of MC4-R is a physiological inhibitor of feeding. |
| 197 | 10334300 | We have examined the effects of underfeeding and obesity on the density of hypothalamic melanocortin MC3 and MC4 receptors (MC3-R and MC4-R, respectively), which may mediate the hypophagic effects of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) in the rat. |
| 198 | 10334300 | MC3-R and MC4-R were measured by quantitative autoradiography in brain sections using 125I-labeled Nle4-D-Phe7-alpha-MSH (125I-NDP-MSH) and discriminated by masking MC3-R with excess unlabelled gamma2-MSH. |
| 199 | 10334300 | We suggest that increased density of MC4-R with food restriction and in obese Zucker rats reflects receptor upregulation secondary to decreased release of alpha-MSH, consistent with increased hunger in these models. |
| 200 | 10334300 | Conversely, downregulation of MC4-R in diet-induced obesity may indicate increased alpha-MSH secretion in an attempt to limit overeating. |
| 201 | 10334300 | This alpha-MSH/MC4-R system may be inhibited by leptin and/or insulin. |
| 202 | 10389855 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a major regulator of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. |
| 203 | 10389855 | The PPAR-gamma gene generates two isoforms through alternative splicing, PPAR-gamma1 and -gamma2, the latter having an additional stretch of 28 amino acids at its NH2-terminus in the ligand-independent activation domain. |
| 204 | 10389855 | This extension renders PPAR-gamma2 more sensitive to insulin action. |
| 205 | 10389855 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a major regulator of adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. |
| 206 | 10389855 | The PPAR-gamma gene generates two isoforms through alternative splicing, PPAR-gamma1 and -gamma2, the latter having an additional stretch of 28 amino acids at its NH2-terminus in the ligand-independent activation domain. |
| 207 | 10389855 | This extension renders PPAR-gamma2 more sensitive to insulin action. |
| 208 | 10405788 | Hypertension and insulin resistance: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. |
| 209 | 10405788 | Recently, a new class of antidiabetic agents, thiazolidinediones (TZD) has been developed and has been shown to improve insulin resistance by binding and activating a nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma. 3. cDNA of rat PPAR gamma 1 and gamma 2 were cloned and gene regulation of PPAR gamma in rat mature adipocytes was examined. |
| 210 | 10405788 | Hydrogen peroxide, an oxygen radical, which is recognized to be the common intracellular signal for multiple risk factors, potently down-regulated PPAR gamma mRNA expression in rat mature adipocytes. 4. |
| 211 | 10405788 | Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, which is considered to play a role in obesity-induced non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and to augment oxidative stress, also suppressed PPAR gamma expression. 5. |
| 212 | 10405788 | Thiazolidinediones dose-dependently recovered TNF-alpha-induced down-regulation of PPAR gamma mRNA expression. 6. |
| 213 | 10405788 | The modulation of PPAR gamma expression by TZD can be one mechanism for the improvement of insulin resistance by TZD. 7. |
| 214 | 10405788 | The PPAR gamma gene transcript was detected in cultured endothelial cells. 8. |
| 215 | 10440134 | Homozygosity of the Pro12Ala variant of the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2): divergent modulating effects on body mass index in obese and lean Caucasian men. |
| 216 | 10520409 | Drugs from the thiazolidinedione class act by enhancing the sensitivity to insulin of adipose tissue; they are high-affinity ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2 being the predominant form expressed in adipocytes) Hepatotoxicity and weight gain are sides effects of thiazolidinedione. |
| 217 | 10668912 | The role of TNF-alpha in human adipose tissue: prevention of weight gain at the expense of insulin resistance? |
| 218 | 10668912 | This antiadipogenic property is accompanied by suppression of developmental and metabolic markers of fat cell differentiation, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and GLUT4. |
| 219 | 10702770 | Impact of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on adiposity, lipids and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 220 | 10777704 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma2 may confer resistance to type 2 diabetes. |
| 221 | 10777704 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) has been implicated in adipocyte differentiation. |
| 222 | 10777704 | Recently it was reported that heterozygous deficiency of PPARgamma led to the protection from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in an animal model. |
| 223 | 10777704 | Since this amino acid substitution may cause a reduction in the transcriptional activity of PPARgamma, this polymorphism may be associated with decreased insulin resistance and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. |
| 224 | 10805513 | The Pro12Ala variant of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) is associated with measures of obesity in Mexican Americans. |
| 225 | 10805513 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors that regulate adipocyte differentiation and gene expression. |
| 226 | 10805513 | We tested the hypothesis that the Pro12Ala variant of PPAR-gamma2 is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes-related traits in 921 subjects from the San Antonio Family Heart Study. |
| 227 | 10805513 | The Pro12Ala variant of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) is associated with measures of obesity in Mexican Americans. |
| 228 | 10805513 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors that regulate adipocyte differentiation and gene expression. |
| 229 | 10805513 | We tested the hypothesis that the Pro12Ala variant of PPAR-gamma2 is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes-related traits in 921 subjects from the San Antonio Family Heart Study. |
| 230 | 10868951 | Induction of fatty acid translocase/CD36, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, leptin, uncoupling proteins 2 and 3, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in human subcutaneous fat by lipid infusion. |
| 231 | 10868951 | Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the mRNA expression of fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, PPAR-gamma2, leptin, uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 and UCP-3, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was investigated in gluteal subcutaneous fat biopsies before and after 5 h infusions of saline or Intralipid (Pharmacia and Upjohn, Milan, Italy) plus heparin, which does not modify insulinemia. |
| 232 | 10868951 | Marked increases in FAT/CD36 (724+/-18%; P < 0.05), PPAR-gamma2 (200+/-8%; P < 0.05), leptin (110+/-13%; P < 0.05), UCP-2 (120+/-7%; P < 0.05), UCP-3 (80+/-5%; P < 0.05), and TNF-alpha mRNA (130+/-12%; P < 0.05) were observed in comparison with pretreatment levels, whereas there was no change after saline infusion. |
| 233 | 10868951 | These data suggest that the in vivo gene expression of FAT/CD36, PPAR-gamma2, leptin, UCP-2, UCP-3, and TNF-alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by circulating lipids independent of insulin and that prolonged hyperlipidemia may therefore contribute to increased fat metabolism and storage as a result of the increased expression of these proteins. |
| 234 | 10868951 | Induction of fatty acid translocase/CD36, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, leptin, uncoupling proteins 2 and 3, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in human subcutaneous fat by lipid infusion. |
| 235 | 10868951 | Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the mRNA expression of fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, PPAR-gamma2, leptin, uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 and UCP-3, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was investigated in gluteal subcutaneous fat biopsies before and after 5 h infusions of saline or Intralipid (Pharmacia and Upjohn, Milan, Italy) plus heparin, which does not modify insulinemia. |
| 236 | 10868951 | Marked increases in FAT/CD36 (724+/-18%; P < 0.05), PPAR-gamma2 (200+/-8%; P < 0.05), leptin (110+/-13%; P < 0.05), UCP-2 (120+/-7%; P < 0.05), UCP-3 (80+/-5%; P < 0.05), and TNF-alpha mRNA (130+/-12%; P < 0.05) were observed in comparison with pretreatment levels, whereas there was no change after saline infusion. |
| 237 | 10868951 | These data suggest that the in vivo gene expression of FAT/CD36, PPAR-gamma2, leptin, UCP-2, UCP-3, and TNF-alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by circulating lipids independent of insulin and that prolonged hyperlipidemia may therefore contribute to increased fat metabolism and storage as a result of the increased expression of these proteins. |
| 238 | 10868951 | Induction of fatty acid translocase/CD36, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, leptin, uncoupling proteins 2 and 3, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in human subcutaneous fat by lipid infusion. |
| 239 | 10868951 | Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the mRNA expression of fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, PPAR-gamma2, leptin, uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 and UCP-3, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was investigated in gluteal subcutaneous fat biopsies before and after 5 h infusions of saline or Intralipid (Pharmacia and Upjohn, Milan, Italy) plus heparin, which does not modify insulinemia. |
| 240 | 10868951 | Marked increases in FAT/CD36 (724+/-18%; P < 0.05), PPAR-gamma2 (200+/-8%; P < 0.05), leptin (110+/-13%; P < 0.05), UCP-2 (120+/-7%; P < 0.05), UCP-3 (80+/-5%; P < 0.05), and TNF-alpha mRNA (130+/-12%; P < 0.05) were observed in comparison with pretreatment levels, whereas there was no change after saline infusion. |
| 241 | 10868951 | These data suggest that the in vivo gene expression of FAT/CD36, PPAR-gamma2, leptin, UCP-2, UCP-3, and TNF-alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by circulating lipids independent of insulin and that prolonged hyperlipidemia may therefore contribute to increased fat metabolism and storage as a result of the increased expression of these proteins. |
| 242 | 10868951 | Induction of fatty acid translocase/CD36, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, leptin, uncoupling proteins 2 and 3, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in human subcutaneous fat by lipid infusion. |
| 243 | 10868951 | Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the mRNA expression of fatty acid translocase (FAT)/CD36, PPAR-gamma2, leptin, uncoupling protein (UCP)-2 and UCP-3, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was investigated in gluteal subcutaneous fat biopsies before and after 5 h infusions of saline or Intralipid (Pharmacia and Upjohn, Milan, Italy) plus heparin, which does not modify insulinemia. |
| 244 | 10868951 | Marked increases in FAT/CD36 (724+/-18%; P < 0.05), PPAR-gamma2 (200+/-8%; P < 0.05), leptin (110+/-13%; P < 0.05), UCP-2 (120+/-7%; P < 0.05), UCP-3 (80+/-5%; P < 0.05), and TNF-alpha mRNA (130+/-12%; P < 0.05) were observed in comparison with pretreatment levels, whereas there was no change after saline infusion. |
| 245 | 10868951 | These data suggest that the in vivo gene expression of FAT/CD36, PPAR-gamma2, leptin, UCP-2, UCP-3, and TNF-alpha in subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by circulating lipids independent of insulin and that prolonged hyperlipidemia may therefore contribute to increased fat metabolism and storage as a result of the increased expression of these proteins. |
| 246 | 10873398 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 Pro12Ala mutation is associated with early onset extreme obesity and reduced fasting glucose. |
| 247 | 10873398 | We screened the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) for sequence variants in 165 unrelated obese (BMI >/= 30 kg/m(2)) Caucasian women, and 49 normal weight Caucasian female controls (BMI < 27 kg/m(2)). |
| 248 | 10873398 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 Pro12Ala mutation is associated with early onset extreme obesity and reduced fasting glucose. |
| 249 | 10873398 | We screened the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) for sequence variants in 165 unrelated obese (BMI >/= 30 kg/m(2)) Caucasian women, and 49 normal weight Caucasian female controls (BMI < 27 kg/m(2)). |
| 250 | 10875261 | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) inhibits fat cell differentiation and may also mediate insulin resistance in adipocytes. |
| 251 | 10875261 | We therefore studied the effect of receptor-specific TNF muteins on adipose differentiation and insulin-stimulated glucose transport of in vitro differentiated human adipocytes in primary culture. |
| 252 | 10875261 | Adipocyte precursor cells exposed to the 60-kDa TNF receptor (p60-TNFR)-specific TNF(R32W-S86T) showed a marked decrease in the percentage of differentiating cells in response to adipogenic factors as well as a reduction in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARgamma2) messenger RNA (mRNA) and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, but increased endogenous TNF mRNA expression. |
| 253 | 10875261 | We conclude that p60-TNFR mediates the antiadipogenic effect as well as the down-regulation of GLUT4 by TNF, thereby leading to long-term inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose transport. |
| 254 | 10887062 | The Pro-115 --> Gln mutation in peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 is extremely rare in a large cohort of U.S. |
| 255 | 11079814 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 Pro12Ala gene variant is strongly associated with larger body mass in the Taiwanese. |
| 256 | 11079814 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) has been studied extensively because of its putative role in adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. |
| 257 | 11079814 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 Pro12Ala gene variant is strongly associated with larger body mass in the Taiwanese. |
| 258 | 11079814 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) has been studied extensively because of its putative role in adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. |
| 259 | 11158005 | Effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 pro(12)ala variant on obesity, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure in members of familial type 2 diabetic kindreds. |
| 260 | 11158005 | The Pro(12)Ala (P12A) variant of exon B of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(2) (PPAR gamma) been variably associated with obesity, insulin sensitivity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, but its role in insulin resistance-associated traits remains uncertain. |
| 261 | 11158005 | We were unable to demonstrate any effect on direct measures of insulin sensitivity, and no trait was linked to markers near PPAR gamma on chromosome 3q. |
| 262 | 11158005 | Effect of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 pro(12)ala variant on obesity, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure in members of familial type 2 diabetic kindreds. |
| 263 | 11158005 | The Pro(12)Ala (P12A) variant of exon B of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(2) (PPAR gamma) been variably associated with obesity, insulin sensitivity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, but its role in insulin resistance-associated traits remains uncertain. |
| 264 | 11158005 | We were unable to demonstrate any effect on direct measures of insulin sensitivity, and no trait was linked to markers near PPAR gamma on chromosome 3q. |
| 265 | 11237725 | Uncoupling protein 3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 contribute to obesity and diabetes in palauans. |
| 266 | 11237725 | We examined the genetic contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the energy metabolism-related genes, including beta 3 adrenergic receptor (beta3AR), apolipoprotein E (apo-E), promoter of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3-p), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) and leptin receptor (LEPR) to metabolic disorders, in 118 inhabitants of Palau. |
| 267 | 11237725 | Uncoupling protein 3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 contribute to obesity and diabetes in palauans. |
| 268 | 11237725 | We examined the genetic contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the energy metabolism-related genes, including beta 3 adrenergic receptor (beta3AR), apolipoprotein E (apo-E), promoter of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3-p), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) and leptin receptor (LEPR) to metabolic disorders, in 118 inhabitants of Palau. |
| 269 | 11246892 | The importance of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) in regulating insulin resistance and blood pressure has been demonstrated in families with loss of function mutations. |
| 270 | 11246892 | We studied 592 nondiabetic participants in an ongoing population-based cohort study who were genotyped for the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR gamma2 isoform. |
| 271 | 11248748 | A Pro12Ala polymorphism in the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 is associated with combined hyperlipidaemia in obesity. |
| 272 | 11289055 | Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with increased antilipolytic insulin sensitivity. |
| 273 | 11289055 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 is associated with reduced transcriptional activity in vitro and increased insulin sensitivity in humans in vivo. |
| 274 | 11289055 | PPAR-gamma2 is mainly expressed in adipocytes, and free fatty acids released from adipose tissue are key mediators of peripheral insulin resistance. |
| 275 | 11289055 | This result suggests that an altered transcriptional activity of PPAR-gamma2 in X/Ala subjects either causes a more efficient suppression of lipolysis in adipose tissue, which in turn results in improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in muscle, or, alternatively, beneficially affects insulin signaling in both tissues independently of one another. |
| 276 | 11289055 | Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with increased antilipolytic insulin sensitivity. |
| 277 | 11289055 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 is associated with reduced transcriptional activity in vitro and increased insulin sensitivity in humans in vivo. |
| 278 | 11289055 | PPAR-gamma2 is mainly expressed in adipocytes, and free fatty acids released from adipose tissue are key mediators of peripheral insulin resistance. |
| 279 | 11289055 | This result suggests that an altered transcriptional activity of PPAR-gamma2 in X/Ala subjects either causes a more efficient suppression of lipolysis in adipose tissue, which in turn results in improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in muscle, or, alternatively, beneficially affects insulin signaling in both tissues independently of one another. |
| 280 | 11289055 | Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with increased antilipolytic insulin sensitivity. |
| 281 | 11289055 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 is associated with reduced transcriptional activity in vitro and increased insulin sensitivity in humans in vivo. |
| 282 | 11289055 | PPAR-gamma2 is mainly expressed in adipocytes, and free fatty acids released from adipose tissue are key mediators of peripheral insulin resistance. |
| 283 | 11289055 | This result suggests that an altered transcriptional activity of PPAR-gamma2 in X/Ala subjects either causes a more efficient suppression of lipolysis in adipose tissue, which in turn results in improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in muscle, or, alternatively, beneficially affects insulin signaling in both tissues independently of one another. |
| 284 | 11289055 | Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with increased antilipolytic insulin sensitivity. |
| 285 | 11289055 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 is associated with reduced transcriptional activity in vitro and increased insulin sensitivity in humans in vivo. |
| 286 | 11289055 | PPAR-gamma2 is mainly expressed in adipocytes, and free fatty acids released from adipose tissue are key mediators of peripheral insulin resistance. |
| 287 | 11289055 | This result suggests that an altered transcriptional activity of PPAR-gamma2 in X/Ala subjects either causes a more efficient suppression of lipolysis in adipose tissue, which in turn results in improved insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in muscle, or, alternatively, beneficially affects insulin signaling in both tissues independently of one another. |
| 288 | 11289057 | Recent studies have identified a common proline-to-alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and possibly insulin sensitivity. |
| 289 | 11289057 | These findings support a role for the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant in the etiology of type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance syndrome. |
| 290 | 11289057 | Recent studies have identified a common proline-to-alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and possibly insulin sensitivity. |
| 291 | 11289057 | These findings support a role for the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant in the etiology of type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance syndrome. |
| 292 | 11334412 | Pioglitazone ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced insulin resistance by a mechanism independent of adipogenic activity of peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma. |
| 293 | 11334412 | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is one of the candidate mediators of insulin resistance associated with obesity, a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. |
| 294 | 11334412 | The insulin resistance induced by TNF-alpha is antagonized by thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a new class of insulin-sensitizing drugs. |
| 295 | 11334412 | The aim of the current study was to dissect the mechanism whereby pioglitazone, one of the TZDs, ameliorates TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. |
| 296 | 11334412 | Pioglitazone restored insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose (DOG) uptake, which was reduced by TNF-alpha, with concomitant restorations in tyrosine phosphorylation and protein levels of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, as well as association of the p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase with IRS-1 and PI 3-kinase activity. |
| 297 | 11334412 | Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of either wild-type human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 or a mutant carrying a replacement at the consensus mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation site (hPPAR-gamma2-S112A) promoted adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and restored TNF-alpha-induced decrease of triglyceride in adipocytes as effectively as pioglitazone. |
| 298 | 11334412 | Overexpression of the PPAR-gamma proteins in TNF-alpha-treated adipocytes restored protein levels of IR/IRS-1, but did not improve insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1 or insulin-stimulated 2-DOG uptake. |
| 299 | 11334412 | These results indicate that the ability of pioglitazone to restore insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IR/IRS-1, which is necessary for amelioration of TNF-alpha-induced insulin resistance, may be independent of the adipogenic activity of PPAR-gamma that regulates protein levels of IR/IRS-1. |
| 300 | 11334419 | Effect of experimental elevation of free fatty acids on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in healthy carriers of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma2 gene. |
| 301 | 11334419 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene has been associated with reduced transcriptional activity in vitro and increased insulin sensitivity in vivo. |
| 302 | 11334419 | Although PPAR-gamma has been demonstrated in human beta-cells, it is unknown whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism plays a role in insulin secretion. |
| 303 | 11334419 | In conclusion, these results provide evidence that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene might be involved in a differential regulation of insulin secretion in response to increased FFAs in humans. |
| 304 | 11334419 | Effect of experimental elevation of free fatty acids on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in healthy carriers of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma2 gene. |
| 305 | 11334419 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene has been associated with reduced transcriptional activity in vitro and increased insulin sensitivity in vivo. |
| 306 | 11334419 | Although PPAR-gamma has been demonstrated in human beta-cells, it is unknown whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism plays a role in insulin secretion. |
| 307 | 11334419 | In conclusion, these results provide evidence that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene might be involved in a differential regulation of insulin secretion in response to increased FFAs in humans. |
| 308 | 11334419 | Effect of experimental elevation of free fatty acids on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in healthy carriers of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma2 gene. |
| 309 | 11334419 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene has been associated with reduced transcriptional activity in vitro and increased insulin sensitivity in vivo. |
| 310 | 11334419 | Although PPAR-gamma has been demonstrated in human beta-cells, it is unknown whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism plays a role in insulin secretion. |
| 311 | 11334419 | In conclusion, these results provide evidence that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene might be involved in a differential regulation of insulin secretion in response to increased FFAs in humans. |
| 312 | 11402923 | [Polymorphism of pro12Ala in peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAgamma2): beta cell function and insulin sensitivity]. |
| 313 | 11444435 | Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARgamma2) is exclusively expressed in adipose tissue and belongs to the transcriptional regulators of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 314 | 11522688 | This study determined the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant on body composition and metabolism and the magnitude of weight regain in 70 postmenopausal women (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) who completed 6 months of a hypocaloric diet. |
| 315 | 11522688 | PPAR-gamma2 genotype was the best predictor of weight regain (r = 0.50, P < 0.01), followed by the change in fat oxidation (partial r = 0.35, P < 0.05; cumulative r = 0.58). |
| 316 | 11522688 | Thus, the Pro12Ala variant of the PPAR-gamma2 gene may influence susceptibility for obesity. |
| 317 | 11522688 | This study determined the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant on body composition and metabolism and the magnitude of weight regain in 70 postmenopausal women (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) who completed 6 months of a hypocaloric diet. |
| 318 | 11522688 | PPAR-gamma2 genotype was the best predictor of weight regain (r = 0.50, P < 0.01), followed by the change in fat oxidation (partial r = 0.35, P < 0.05; cumulative r = 0.58). |
| 319 | 11522688 | Thus, the Pro12Ala variant of the PPAR-gamma2 gene may influence susceptibility for obesity. |
| 320 | 11522688 | This study determined the effects of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant on body composition and metabolism and the magnitude of weight regain in 70 postmenopausal women (BMI 25-40 kg/m(2)) who completed 6 months of a hypocaloric diet. |
| 321 | 11522688 | PPAR-gamma2 genotype was the best predictor of weight regain (r = 0.50, P < 0.01), followed by the change in fat oxidation (partial r = 0.35, P < 0.05; cumulative r = 0.58). |
| 322 | 11522688 | Thus, the Pro12Ala variant of the PPAR-gamma2 gene may influence susceptibility for obesity. |
| 323 | 11594239 | Pioglitazone improves glycaemic control in people with Type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity through its action at PPAR gamma 1 and PPAR gamma 2, and affects lipid metabolism through action at PPAR alpha. |
| 324 | 11594239 | The results of these interactions include increases in glucose transporters 1 and 4, lowered free fatty acids, enhanced insulin signalling, reduced tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and remodelling of adipose tissue. |
| 325 | 11596673 | Studies of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) gene in relation to insulin sensitivity among glucose tolerant caucasians. |
| 326 | 11692187 | Mutations of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) gene in a Japanese population : the Pro12Ala mutation in PPAR gamma 2 is associated with lower concentrations of serum total and non-HDL cholesterol. |
| 327 | 11693197 | Hepatic over-expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma2 in the ob/ob mouse model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 328 | 11693197 | Studies of the molecular basis of insulin resistance have focused on the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma, gamma1 and gamma2). |
| 329 | 11693197 | Hepatic over-expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma2 in the ob/ob mouse model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. |
| 330 | 11693197 | Studies of the molecular basis of insulin resistance have focused on the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma, gamma1 and gamma2). |
| 331 | 11862322 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 gene is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. |
| 332 | 11862322 | Interestingly, using the OGTT index, insulin sensitivity was significantly greater in X/Ala (PPARgamma2) + X/Arg (IRS-1) than in Pro/Pro (PPARgamma2) + X/Arg (IRS-1). |
| 333 | 11862322 | On the other hand, insulin sensitivity was similar in the X/Ala (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1 972) and the Pro/Pro (PPARgamma2) + Gly/Gly (IRS-1). |
| 334 | 11862322 | In conclusion, the Arg972 (IRS-1) background produced a marked difference in insulin sensitivity between X/Ala and Pro/Pro (PPARgamma) which was not present in the whole population or against the Gly972 (IRS-1) background. |
| 335 | 11872672 | Regional differences in the response of human pre-adipocytes to PPARgamma and RXRalpha agonists. |
| 336 | 11872672 | To explore these site-related differences further, we used real-time RT-PCR to quantify the specific mRNAs encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma1 and gamma2 and found that both isoforms were more highly expressed in SC than in OM preadipocytes. |
| 337 | 11872672 | To establish whether the refractoriness of OM preadipocytes to differentiation was unique to activators of the PPARgamma pathway, we examined the effects of the retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligand LG100268. |
| 338 | 11872694 | The proline 12 alanine substitution in the peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with lower lipoprotein lipase activity in vivo. |
| 339 | 11872694 | Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a nuclear receptor regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and a PPAR-responsive element is present in the LPL promoter. |
| 340 | 11872694 | We determined the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene in 194 male CAD patients because this allele is associated with decreased PPAR activity and reduced LPL promoter activity in vitro. |
| 341 | 11872694 | Our data demonstrate that the Pro12Ala substitution in PPAR-gamma2 is associated with lower LPL activity in vivo and provides a new target for the analysis of genetic influences on LPL activity and CAD risk. |
| 342 | 11872694 | The proline 12 alanine substitution in the peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with lower lipoprotein lipase activity in vivo. |
| 343 | 11872694 | Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a nuclear receptor regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and a PPAR-responsive element is present in the LPL promoter. |
| 344 | 11872694 | We determined the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene in 194 male CAD patients because this allele is associated with decreased PPAR activity and reduced LPL promoter activity in vitro. |
| 345 | 11872694 | Our data demonstrate that the Pro12Ala substitution in PPAR-gamma2 is associated with lower LPL activity in vivo and provides a new target for the analysis of genetic influences on LPL activity and CAD risk. |
| 346 | 11872694 | The proline 12 alanine substitution in the peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with lower lipoprotein lipase activity in vivo. |
| 347 | 11872694 | Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a nuclear receptor regulating lipid and glucose metabolism, and a PPAR-responsive element is present in the LPL promoter. |
| 348 | 11872694 | We determined the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene in 194 male CAD patients because this allele is associated with decreased PPAR activity and reduced LPL promoter activity in vitro. |
| 349 | 11872694 | Our data demonstrate that the Pro12Ala substitution in PPAR-gamma2 is associated with lower LPL activity in vivo and provides a new target for the analysis of genetic influences on LPL activity and CAD risk. |
| 350 | 11916624 | Lack of association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-2 gene variants and the occurrence of coronary heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. |
| 351 | 11916926 | Delta-6 Desaturase mRNA and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) mRNA were quantified by two-step RT-PCR, and the activity of the Delta-6 desaturase enzyme was estimated by gas chromatographic analysis of the omega 6-C18:3/C18:2 fatty acids ratio. |
| 352 | 11972302 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) gene is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes risk and increased insulin sensitivity. |
| 353 | 12086968 | The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin metabolism interact with size at birth. |
| 354 | 12086968 | There is also a well-established association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene and type 2 diabetes. |
| 355 | 12086968 | We therefore assessed whether the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin concentrations in adult life are modified by size at birth. |
| 356 | 12086968 | We found that the effects of the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene in elderly people depended on their body size at birth. |
| 357 | 12086968 | In those who had low birth weight, the Pro12Pro polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased insulin resistance (P < 0.002) and elevated insulin concentrations (P < 0.003). |
| 358 | 12086968 | These interactions between the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on adult traits and the effects of birth weight link two previously unknown associations together within the context of type 2 diabetes. |
| 359 | 12086968 | The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin metabolism interact with size at birth. |
| 360 | 12086968 | There is also a well-established association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene and type 2 diabetes. |
| 361 | 12086968 | We therefore assessed whether the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin concentrations in adult life are modified by size at birth. |
| 362 | 12086968 | We found that the effects of the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene in elderly people depended on their body size at birth. |
| 363 | 12086968 | In those who had low birth weight, the Pro12Pro polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased insulin resistance (P < 0.002) and elevated insulin concentrations (P < 0.003). |
| 364 | 12086968 | These interactions between the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on adult traits and the effects of birth weight link two previously unknown associations together within the context of type 2 diabetes. |
| 365 | 12086968 | The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin metabolism interact with size at birth. |
| 366 | 12086968 | There is also a well-established association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene and type 2 diabetes. |
| 367 | 12086968 | We therefore assessed whether the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin concentrations in adult life are modified by size at birth. |
| 368 | 12086968 | We found that the effects of the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene in elderly people depended on their body size at birth. |
| 369 | 12086968 | In those who had low birth weight, the Pro12Pro polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased insulin resistance (P < 0.002) and elevated insulin concentrations (P < 0.003). |
| 370 | 12086968 | These interactions between the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on adult traits and the effects of birth weight link two previously unknown associations together within the context of type 2 diabetes. |
| 371 | 12086968 | The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin metabolism interact with size at birth. |
| 372 | 12086968 | There is also a well-established association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene and type 2 diabetes. |
| 373 | 12086968 | We therefore assessed whether the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin concentrations in adult life are modified by size at birth. |
| 374 | 12086968 | We found that the effects of the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene in elderly people depended on their body size at birth. |
| 375 | 12086968 | In those who had low birth weight, the Pro12Pro polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased insulin resistance (P < 0.002) and elevated insulin concentrations (P < 0.003). |
| 376 | 12086968 | These interactions between the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on adult traits and the effects of birth weight link two previously unknown associations together within the context of type 2 diabetes. |
| 377 | 12086968 | The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin metabolism interact with size at birth. |
| 378 | 12086968 | There is also a well-established association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene and type 2 diabetes. |
| 379 | 12086968 | We therefore assessed whether the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin concentrations in adult life are modified by size at birth. |
| 380 | 12086968 | We found that the effects of the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene in elderly people depended on their body size at birth. |
| 381 | 12086968 | In those who had low birth weight, the Pro12Pro polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased insulin resistance (P < 0.002) and elevated insulin concentrations (P < 0.003). |
| 382 | 12086968 | These interactions between the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on adult traits and the effects of birth weight link two previously unknown associations together within the context of type 2 diabetes. |
| 383 | 12086968 | The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin metabolism interact with size at birth. |
| 384 | 12086968 | There is also a well-established association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene and type 2 diabetes. |
| 385 | 12086968 | We therefore assessed whether the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on insulin sensitivity and insulin concentrations in adult life are modified by size at birth. |
| 386 | 12086968 | We found that the effects of the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene in elderly people depended on their body size at birth. |
| 387 | 12086968 | In those who had low birth weight, the Pro12Pro polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased insulin resistance (P < 0.002) and elevated insulin concentrations (P < 0.003). |
| 388 | 12086968 | These interactions between the effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 gene on adult traits and the effects of birth weight link two previously unknown associations together within the context of type 2 diabetes. |
| 389 | 12145143 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a transcription factor with a key role in adipocyte differentiation. |
| 390 | 12145143 | The Ala allele of the common Pro12Ala polymorphism in the isoform PPAR-gamma2 is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes. |
| 391 | 12145143 | The in vivo effects of the polymorphism are secondary to alterations in adipose tissue, where PPAR-gamma2 is predominantly expressed. |
| 392 | 12145143 | Both decreased release of insulin-desensitizing free fatty acids, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and resistin and increased release of the insulin-sensitizing hormone adiponectin result in secondary improvement of insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake and suppression of glucose production. |
| 393 | 12145143 | In conclusion, the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-gamma2 represents the first genetic variant with a broad impact on the risk of common type 2 diabetes. |
| 394 | 12145143 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a transcription factor with a key role in adipocyte differentiation. |
| 395 | 12145143 | The Ala allele of the common Pro12Ala polymorphism in the isoform PPAR-gamma2 is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes. |
| 396 | 12145143 | The in vivo effects of the polymorphism are secondary to alterations in adipose tissue, where PPAR-gamma2 is predominantly expressed. |
| 397 | 12145143 | Both decreased release of insulin-desensitizing free fatty acids, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and resistin and increased release of the insulin-sensitizing hormone adiponectin result in secondary improvement of insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake and suppression of glucose production. |
| 398 | 12145143 | In conclusion, the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-gamma2 represents the first genetic variant with a broad impact on the risk of common type 2 diabetes. |
| 399 | 12145143 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma is a transcription factor with a key role in adipocyte differentiation. |
| 400 | 12145143 | The Ala allele of the common Pro12Ala polymorphism in the isoform PPAR-gamma2 is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes. |
| 401 | 12145143 | The in vivo effects of the polymorphism are secondary to alterations in adipose tissue, where PPAR-gamma2 is predominantly expressed. |
| 402 | 12145143 | Both decreased release of insulin-desensitizing free fatty acids, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and resistin and increased release of the insulin-sensitizing hormone adiponectin result in secondary improvement of insulin sensitivity of glucose uptake and suppression of glucose production. |
| 403 | 12145143 | In conclusion, the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-gamma2 represents the first genetic variant with a broad impact on the risk of common type 2 diabetes. |
| 404 | 12145174 | Association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene with 3-year incidence of type 2 diabetes and body weight change in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. |
| 405 | 12145174 | The association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with the incidence of type 2 diabetes was investigated in 522 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) participating in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. |
| 406 | 12145174 | Association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR-gamma2 gene with 3-year incidence of type 2 diabetes and body weight change in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. |
| 407 | 12145174 | The association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with the incidence of type 2 diabetes was investigated in 522 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) participating in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. |
| 408 | 12145184 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 has recently been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes. |
| 409 | 12145184 | In the present analysis, we investigated whether PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala was associated with microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, such as albuminuria, end-stage renal failure (ESRF), or retinopathy. |
| 410 | 12145184 | A total of 445 patients with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in the Berlin Diabetes Mellitus Study and in whom we determined albuminuria and the presence of ESRF and retinopathy were genotyped for the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism. |
| 411 | 12145184 | Among patients with type 2 diabetes, PPAR-gamma2 Ala12 allele carriers had significantly lower UAE and tended to develop overt proteinuria less frequently. |
| 412 | 12145184 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 has recently been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes. |
| 413 | 12145184 | In the present analysis, we investigated whether PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala was associated with microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, such as albuminuria, end-stage renal failure (ESRF), or retinopathy. |
| 414 | 12145184 | A total of 445 patients with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in the Berlin Diabetes Mellitus Study and in whom we determined albuminuria and the presence of ESRF and retinopathy were genotyped for the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism. |
| 415 | 12145184 | Among patients with type 2 diabetes, PPAR-gamma2 Ala12 allele carriers had significantly lower UAE and tended to develop overt proteinuria less frequently. |
| 416 | 12145184 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 has recently been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes. |
| 417 | 12145184 | In the present analysis, we investigated whether PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala was associated with microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, such as albuminuria, end-stage renal failure (ESRF), or retinopathy. |
| 418 | 12145184 | A total of 445 patients with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in the Berlin Diabetes Mellitus Study and in whom we determined albuminuria and the presence of ESRF and retinopathy were genotyped for the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism. |
| 419 | 12145184 | Among patients with type 2 diabetes, PPAR-gamma2 Ala12 allele carriers had significantly lower UAE and tended to develop overt proteinuria less frequently. |
| 420 | 12145184 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 has recently been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes. |
| 421 | 12145184 | In the present analysis, we investigated whether PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala was associated with microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, such as albuminuria, end-stage renal failure (ESRF), or retinopathy. |
| 422 | 12145184 | A total of 445 patients with type 2 diabetes who were enrolled in the Berlin Diabetes Mellitus Study and in whom we determined albuminuria and the presence of ESRF and retinopathy were genotyped for the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism. |
| 423 | 12145184 | Among patients with type 2 diabetes, PPAR-gamma2 Ala12 allele carriers had significantly lower UAE and tended to develop overt proteinuria less frequently. |
| 424 | 12148087 | The Pro115Gln polymorphism within the PPAR gamma2 gene has no epidemiological impact on morbid obesity. |
| 425 | 12148087 | The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPAR gamma2) is a transcriptional key regulator of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 426 | 12148087 | PPAR gamma2 can be inactivated by phosphorylation of a serine residue at position 114. |
| 427 | 12148087 | We conclude that the Pro115Gln polymorphism within the PPAR gamma2 gene has no relevant epidemiological impact on morbid obesity in Germany. |
| 428 | 12148087 | The Pro115Gln polymorphism within the PPAR gamma2 gene has no epidemiological impact on morbid obesity. |
| 429 | 12148087 | The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPAR gamma2) is a transcriptional key regulator of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 430 | 12148087 | PPAR gamma2 can be inactivated by phosphorylation of a serine residue at position 114. |
| 431 | 12148087 | We conclude that the Pro115Gln polymorphism within the PPAR gamma2 gene has no relevant epidemiological impact on morbid obesity in Germany. |
| 432 | 12148087 | The Pro115Gln polymorphism within the PPAR gamma2 gene has no epidemiological impact on morbid obesity. |
| 433 | 12148087 | The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPAR gamma2) is a transcriptional key regulator of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 434 | 12148087 | PPAR gamma2 can be inactivated by phosphorylation of a serine residue at position 114. |
| 435 | 12148087 | We conclude that the Pro115Gln polymorphism within the PPAR gamma2 gene has no relevant epidemiological impact on morbid obesity in Germany. |
| 436 | 12148087 | The Pro115Gln polymorphism within the PPAR gamma2 gene has no epidemiological impact on morbid obesity. |
| 437 | 12148087 | The peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPAR gamma2) is a transcriptional key regulator of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 438 | 12148087 | PPAR gamma2 can be inactivated by phosphorylation of a serine residue at position 114. |
| 439 | 12148087 | We conclude that the Pro115Gln polymorphism within the PPAR gamma2 gene has no relevant epidemiological impact on morbid obesity in Germany. |
| 440 | 12150934 | We included 14 genes, and the SNP frequencies of PPAR gamma 2, LEPR, and UCP3-p and some other genes differ significantly between Mongoloids and Caucasoids. |
| 441 | 12161548 | Comment: studies of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma gene in the Danish MONICA cohort: homozygosity of the Ala allele confers a decreased risk of the insulin resistance syndrome. |
| 442 | 12161548 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-gamma 2 has been shown to influence insulin sensitivity and the risk of type 2 diabetes in various ethnic populations. |
| 443 | 12161548 | In conclusion, homozygosity of the codon 12 variant of PPAR-gamma 2 confers a reduced risk of the IRS among Danish Caucasian subjects. |
| 444 | 12161548 | Comment: studies of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma gene in the Danish MONICA cohort: homozygosity of the Ala allele confers a decreased risk of the insulin resistance syndrome. |
| 445 | 12161548 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-gamma 2 has been shown to influence insulin sensitivity and the risk of type 2 diabetes in various ethnic populations. |
| 446 | 12161548 | In conclusion, homozygosity of the codon 12 variant of PPAR-gamma 2 confers a reduced risk of the IRS among Danish Caucasian subjects. |
| 447 | 12359222 | TGF-beta(1) induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 and gamma2 expression in human THP-1 monocytes. |
| 448 | 12359222 | The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed as two isoforms (PPARgamma1 and gamma2), and is an important modulator of monocyte gene regulation and function. |
| 449 | 12359222 | TGF-beta(1) is an essential and potent immune modulator and we therefore examined its effect on PPARgamma expression in human THP-1 monocytes. |
| 450 | 12359222 | Induction of PPARgamma1 and gamma2 in monocytes by TGF-beta(1) may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of this growth factor. |
| 451 | 12359222 | TGF-beta(1) induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 and gamma2 expression in human THP-1 monocytes. |
| 452 | 12359222 | The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed as two isoforms (PPARgamma1 and gamma2), and is an important modulator of monocyte gene regulation and function. |
| 453 | 12359222 | TGF-beta(1) is an essential and potent immune modulator and we therefore examined its effect on PPARgamma expression in human THP-1 monocytes. |
| 454 | 12359222 | Induction of PPARgamma1 and gamma2 in monocytes by TGF-beta(1) may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of this growth factor. |
| 455 | 12359222 | TGF-beta(1) induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 and gamma2 expression in human THP-1 monocytes. |
| 456 | 12359222 | The nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed as two isoforms (PPARgamma1 and gamma2), and is an important modulator of monocyte gene regulation and function. |
| 457 | 12359222 | TGF-beta(1) is an essential and potent immune modulator and we therefore examined its effect on PPARgamma expression in human THP-1 monocytes. |
| 458 | 12359222 | Induction of PPARgamma1 and gamma2 in monocytes by TGF-beta(1) may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of this growth factor. |
| 459 | 12375694 | Impact of Prol2Ala variant in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 on obesity and insulin resistance in Japanese Type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects. |
| 460 | 12375694 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is an important regulator of adipocyte differentiation and a modulator of intracellular insulin-signaling events. |
| 461 | 12375694 | We examined the roles of the Pro12Ala variant of PPAR gamma2 in obesity and insulin resistance in 402 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 116 control subjects. |
| 462 | 12375694 | These data suggest that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma2 does not influence insulin resistance but body composition in Japanese diabetic subjects. |
| 463 | 12375694 | Impact of Prol2Ala variant in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 on obesity and insulin resistance in Japanese Type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects. |
| 464 | 12375694 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is an important regulator of adipocyte differentiation and a modulator of intracellular insulin-signaling events. |
| 465 | 12375694 | We examined the roles of the Pro12Ala variant of PPAR gamma2 in obesity and insulin resistance in 402 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 116 control subjects. |
| 466 | 12375694 | These data suggest that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma2 does not influence insulin resistance but body composition in Japanese diabetic subjects. |
| 467 | 12375694 | Impact of Prol2Ala variant in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma2 on obesity and insulin resistance in Japanese Type 2 diabetic and healthy subjects. |
| 468 | 12375694 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is an important regulator of adipocyte differentiation and a modulator of intracellular insulin-signaling events. |
| 469 | 12375694 | We examined the roles of the Pro12Ala variant of PPAR gamma2 in obesity and insulin resistance in 402 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 116 control subjects. |
| 470 | 12375694 | These data suggest that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma2 does not influence insulin resistance but body composition in Japanese diabetic subjects. |
| 471 | 12406034 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma is an important factor in adipocyte differentiation and energy metabolism and is thus a candidate gene for obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. |
| 472 | 12406034 | We therefore assessed the associations between the most common variant of the PPAR-gamma, the Pro12Ala (P12A) substitution in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene, with BMI, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol and plasma triglyceride in 183 treatment-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). |
| 473 | 12453902 | We investigated whether polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha(G-308A), beta3 adrenoreceptor (ADRB3)(G+250C), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2(Pro12Ala), key molecules of the adipose tissue, might affect the IR associated with reduced fetal growth. |
| 474 | 12453902 | In the SGA group, fasting insulin-to-glucose ratios were significantly higher in the TNF/-308A (P = 0.03), the PPAR/Ala12 (P = 0.01), and the ADRB3/+250G (P = 0.02) carriers than in the noncarriers. |
| 475 | 12546691 | The cardiac phenotype observed in humans harbouring genetic mutations in the gamma 2 regulatory subunit (PRKAG2) of AMPK is consistent with abnormal glycogen accumulation in the heart. |
| 476 | 12546691 | The perturbation of AMPK activity induced by genetic mutations in PRKAG2 and the resultant effect on muscle cell glucose metabolism may be relevant to the issue of targeting AMPK in drug development for insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus. |
| 477 | 12601635 | Association of the PRO12ALA polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and cardiolipin autoantibodies in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 478 | 12601635 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a key component in adipocyte differentiation and fat-specific gene expression and may modulate macrophage functions, like proinflammatory activities, and stimulate oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake. |
| 479 | 12601635 | We hypothesized that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene may affect the immune response to ox-LDL. |
| 480 | 12601635 | Therefore, we investigated the association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with ox-LDL autoantibodies, as well anticardiolipin antibodies, in a 10-year prospective study. |
| 481 | 12601635 | At the 10-year follow-up, diabetic subjects having the Ala12 allele had higher ox-LDL autoantibody levels than did diabetic subjects with the Pro12Pro genotype (P =.043 after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, and hemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)] at 5 years). |
| 482 | 12601635 | We conclude that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased ox-LDL autoantibodies in type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 483 | 12601635 | Association of the PRO12ALA polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and cardiolipin autoantibodies in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 484 | 12601635 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a key component in adipocyte differentiation and fat-specific gene expression and may modulate macrophage functions, like proinflammatory activities, and stimulate oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake. |
| 485 | 12601635 | We hypothesized that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene may affect the immune response to ox-LDL. |
| 486 | 12601635 | Therefore, we investigated the association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with ox-LDL autoantibodies, as well anticardiolipin antibodies, in a 10-year prospective study. |
| 487 | 12601635 | At the 10-year follow-up, diabetic subjects having the Ala12 allele had higher ox-LDL autoantibody levels than did diabetic subjects with the Pro12Pro genotype (P =.043 after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, and hemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)] at 5 years). |
| 488 | 12601635 | We conclude that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased ox-LDL autoantibodies in type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 489 | 12601635 | Association of the PRO12ALA polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and cardiolipin autoantibodies in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 490 | 12601635 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a key component in adipocyte differentiation and fat-specific gene expression and may modulate macrophage functions, like proinflammatory activities, and stimulate oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake. |
| 491 | 12601635 | We hypothesized that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene may affect the immune response to ox-LDL. |
| 492 | 12601635 | Therefore, we investigated the association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with ox-LDL autoantibodies, as well anticardiolipin antibodies, in a 10-year prospective study. |
| 493 | 12601635 | At the 10-year follow-up, diabetic subjects having the Ala12 allele had higher ox-LDL autoantibody levels than did diabetic subjects with the Pro12Pro genotype (P =.043 after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, and hemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)] at 5 years). |
| 494 | 12601635 | We conclude that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased ox-LDL autoantibodies in type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 495 | 12601635 | Association of the PRO12ALA polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and cardiolipin autoantibodies in nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 496 | 12601635 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a key component in adipocyte differentiation and fat-specific gene expression and may modulate macrophage functions, like proinflammatory activities, and stimulate oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) uptake. |
| 497 | 12601635 | We hypothesized that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene may affect the immune response to ox-LDL. |
| 498 | 12601635 | Therefore, we investigated the association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene with ox-LDL autoantibodies, as well anticardiolipin antibodies, in a 10-year prospective study. |
| 499 | 12601635 | At the 10-year follow-up, diabetic subjects having the Ala12 allele had higher ox-LDL autoantibody levels than did diabetic subjects with the Pro12Pro genotype (P =.043 after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, and hemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)] at 5 years). |
| 500 | 12601635 | We conclude that the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with increased ox-LDL autoantibodies in type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 501 | 12610044 | Analysis of the relationship between the Pro12Ala variant in the PPAR-gamma2 gene and the response rate to therapy with pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes. |
| 502 | 12643137 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear receptor, which upon activation with various natural and synthetic ligands, stimulates the transcription of genes responsible for growth and differentiation of adipocytes. |
| 503 | 12643137 | Furthermore, PPAR gamma is the receptor for the insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinediones, which are commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. |
| 504 | 12643137 | Rare inactivating mutations of the gene encoding PPAR gamma are associated with insulin resistance type 2 diabetes, and hypertension, whereas a rare gain of function mutation causes extreme obesity. |
| 505 | 12643137 | A common polymorphism (Pro12Ala) of the adipose tissue-specific gamma 2 isoform is associated with increased insulin sensitivity and decreased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. |
| 506 | 12643137 | These findings indicate a central role of PPAR gamma in fat cell biology and in the pathophysiology of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. |
| 507 | 12663371 | Alanine for proline substitution in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 (PPARG2) gene and the risk of incident myocardial infarction. |
| 508 | 12716762 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene polymorphism (Pro12Ala) beneficially influences insulin resistance and its tracking from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. |
| 509 | 12716762 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene polymorphism Pro12Ala has been associated with increased insulin sensitivity in some but not all studies. |
| 510 | 12716762 | In conclusion, the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene beneficially influences insulin resistance and its tracking from childhood to adulthood. |
| 511 | 12716762 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene polymorphism (Pro12Ala) beneficially influences insulin resistance and its tracking from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. |
| 512 | 12716762 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene polymorphism Pro12Ala has been associated with increased insulin sensitivity in some but not all studies. |
| 513 | 12716762 | In conclusion, the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene beneficially influences insulin resistance and its tracking from childhood to adulthood. |
| 514 | 12716762 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene polymorphism (Pro12Ala) beneficially influences insulin resistance and its tracking from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. |
| 515 | 12716762 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene polymorphism Pro12Ala has been associated with increased insulin sensitivity in some but not all studies. |
| 516 | 12716762 | In conclusion, the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene beneficially influences insulin resistance and its tracking from childhood to adulthood. |
| 517 | 12746759 | Analysis of the relationship between PPAR-gamma 2 gene variants and severe insulin resistance in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. |
| 518 | 12746759 | Mutations in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR-gamma 2) gene may cause obesity and insulin resistance. |
| 519 | 12746759 | Therefore we investigated whether known variants in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene are associated with obesity and extreme insulin resistance in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). |
| 520 | 12746759 | In conclusion, the Pro115 Gln variant, but not the Pro12Ala mutation in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene, could be a rare cause of severe insulin resistance. |
| 521 | 12746759 | Analysis of the relationship between PPAR-gamma 2 gene variants and severe insulin resistance in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. |
| 522 | 12746759 | Mutations in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR-gamma 2) gene may cause obesity and insulin resistance. |
| 523 | 12746759 | Therefore we investigated whether known variants in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene are associated with obesity and extreme insulin resistance in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). |
| 524 | 12746759 | In conclusion, the Pro115 Gln variant, but not the Pro12Ala mutation in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene, could be a rare cause of severe insulin resistance. |
| 525 | 12746759 | Analysis of the relationship between PPAR-gamma 2 gene variants and severe insulin resistance in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. |
| 526 | 12746759 | Mutations in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR-gamma 2) gene may cause obesity and insulin resistance. |
| 527 | 12746759 | Therefore we investigated whether known variants in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene are associated with obesity and extreme insulin resistance in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). |
| 528 | 12746759 | In conclusion, the Pro115 Gln variant, but not the Pro12Ala mutation in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene, could be a rare cause of severe insulin resistance. |
| 529 | 12746759 | Analysis of the relationship between PPAR-gamma 2 gene variants and severe insulin resistance in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance. |
| 530 | 12746759 | Mutations in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR-gamma 2) gene may cause obesity and insulin resistance. |
| 531 | 12746759 | Therefore we investigated whether known variants in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene are associated with obesity and extreme insulin resistance in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). |
| 532 | 12746759 | In conclusion, the Pro115 Gln variant, but not the Pro12Ala mutation in the PPAR-gamma 2 gene, could be a rare cause of severe insulin resistance. |
| 533 | 12747837 | AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a multisubstrate enzyme activated by increases in AMP during metabolic stress caused by exercise, hypoxia, lack of cell nutrients, as well as hormones, including adiponectin and leptin. |
| 534 | 12747837 | Mammalian AMPK is an alphabetagamma heterotrimer with multiple isoforms of each subunit comprising alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, gamma1, gamma2, and gamma3, which have varying tissue and subcellular expression. |
| 535 | 12747837 | Overexpressed AMPK beta1 localized to specific mammalian subcellular structures that corresponded with the expression pattern of glycogen phosphorylase. |
| 536 | 12765972 | Pro12Ala of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with lower serum insulin levels in nonobese African Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. |
| 537 | 12765972 | Recent research suggests that the Pro12Ala variant in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) is associated with diabetes- and obesity-related traits, and that its effects may be modified by obesity status. |
| 538 | 12765972 | Among obese individuals, there was no association between any of the diabetes- or obesity-related traits and the Pro12Ala PPAR-gamma2 variant. |
| 539 | 12765972 | Pro12Ala of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with lower serum insulin levels in nonobese African Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. |
| 540 | 12765972 | Recent research suggests that the Pro12Ala variant in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) is associated with diabetes- and obesity-related traits, and that its effects may be modified by obesity status. |
| 541 | 12765972 | Among obese individuals, there was no association between any of the diabetes- or obesity-related traits and the Pro12Ala PPAR-gamma2 variant. |
| 542 | 12765972 | Pro12Ala of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with lower serum insulin levels in nonobese African Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. |
| 543 | 12765972 | Recent research suggests that the Pro12Ala variant in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) is associated with diabetes- and obesity-related traits, and that its effects may be modified by obesity status. |
| 544 | 12765972 | Among obese individuals, there was no association between any of the diabetes- or obesity-related traits and the Pro12Ala PPAR-gamma2 variant. |
| 545 | 12800106 | Increased insulin clearance in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 Pro12Ala. |
| 546 | 12829631 | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women. |
| 547 | 12829631 | Data regarding the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are conflicting. |
| 548 | 12829631 | Quantification of the expression of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in samples of VAT and SAT was performed by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 549 | 12829631 | In both SAT and VAT, the level of expression of PPAR-gamma(2) were >20-fold that of PPAR-gamma(1) (P < 0.001 for both). |
| 550 | 12829631 | However, only PPAR-gamma(1) was differentially expressed, its levels in SAT being 216 +/- 34% those in VAT (P < 0.001). |
| 551 | 12829631 | In a stepwise, multivariate regression analysis, the levels of PPAR-gamma(1) in both SAT and VAT were the major determinants of waist circumference (R(2) = 21% for both; P < 0.01). |
| 552 | 12829631 | Finally, leptin but not PPARs appeared as the single parameter explaining the largest part of the variability of BMI in our cohort of patients (R(2) = 22%, P < 0.001). |
| 553 | 12829631 | These results are consistent with the putative roles of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in carbohydrate metabolism and energy homeostasis, respectively. |
| 554 | 12829631 | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women. |
| 555 | 12829631 | Data regarding the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are conflicting. |
| 556 | 12829631 | Quantification of the expression of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in samples of VAT and SAT was performed by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 557 | 12829631 | In both SAT and VAT, the level of expression of PPAR-gamma(2) were >20-fold that of PPAR-gamma(1) (P < 0.001 for both). |
| 558 | 12829631 | However, only PPAR-gamma(1) was differentially expressed, its levels in SAT being 216 +/- 34% those in VAT (P < 0.001). |
| 559 | 12829631 | In a stepwise, multivariate regression analysis, the levels of PPAR-gamma(1) in both SAT and VAT were the major determinants of waist circumference (R(2) = 21% for both; P < 0.01). |
| 560 | 12829631 | Finally, leptin but not PPARs appeared as the single parameter explaining the largest part of the variability of BMI in our cohort of patients (R(2) = 22%, P < 0.001). |
| 561 | 12829631 | These results are consistent with the putative roles of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in carbohydrate metabolism and energy homeostasis, respectively. |
| 562 | 12829631 | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women. |
| 563 | 12829631 | Data regarding the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are conflicting. |
| 564 | 12829631 | Quantification of the expression of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in samples of VAT and SAT was performed by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 565 | 12829631 | In both SAT and VAT, the level of expression of PPAR-gamma(2) were >20-fold that of PPAR-gamma(1) (P < 0.001 for both). |
| 566 | 12829631 | However, only PPAR-gamma(1) was differentially expressed, its levels in SAT being 216 +/- 34% those in VAT (P < 0.001). |
| 567 | 12829631 | In a stepwise, multivariate regression analysis, the levels of PPAR-gamma(1) in both SAT and VAT were the major determinants of waist circumference (R(2) = 21% for both; P < 0.01). |
| 568 | 12829631 | Finally, leptin but not PPARs appeared as the single parameter explaining the largest part of the variability of BMI in our cohort of patients (R(2) = 22%, P < 0.001). |
| 569 | 12829631 | These results are consistent with the putative roles of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in carbohydrate metabolism and energy homeostasis, respectively. |
| 570 | 12829631 | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women. |
| 571 | 12829631 | Data regarding the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are conflicting. |
| 572 | 12829631 | Quantification of the expression of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in samples of VAT and SAT was performed by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 573 | 12829631 | In both SAT and VAT, the level of expression of PPAR-gamma(2) were >20-fold that of PPAR-gamma(1) (P < 0.001 for both). |
| 574 | 12829631 | However, only PPAR-gamma(1) was differentially expressed, its levels in SAT being 216 +/- 34% those in VAT (P < 0.001). |
| 575 | 12829631 | In a stepwise, multivariate regression analysis, the levels of PPAR-gamma(1) in both SAT and VAT were the major determinants of waist circumference (R(2) = 21% for both; P < 0.01). |
| 576 | 12829631 | Finally, leptin but not PPARs appeared as the single parameter explaining the largest part of the variability of BMI in our cohort of patients (R(2) = 22%, P < 0.001). |
| 577 | 12829631 | These results are consistent with the putative roles of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in carbohydrate metabolism and energy homeostasis, respectively. |
| 578 | 12829631 | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese women. |
| 579 | 12829631 | Data regarding the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) are conflicting. |
| 580 | 12829631 | Quantification of the expression of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in samples of VAT and SAT was performed by real-time RT-PCR. |
| 581 | 12829631 | In both SAT and VAT, the level of expression of PPAR-gamma(2) were >20-fold that of PPAR-gamma(1) (P < 0.001 for both). |
| 582 | 12829631 | However, only PPAR-gamma(1) was differentially expressed, its levels in SAT being 216 +/- 34% those in VAT (P < 0.001). |
| 583 | 12829631 | In a stepwise, multivariate regression analysis, the levels of PPAR-gamma(1) in both SAT and VAT were the major determinants of waist circumference (R(2) = 21% for both; P < 0.01). |
| 584 | 12829631 | Finally, leptin but not PPARs appeared as the single parameter explaining the largest part of the variability of BMI in our cohort of patients (R(2) = 22%, P < 0.001). |
| 585 | 12829631 | These results are consistent with the putative roles of PPAR-gamma(1) and PPAR-gamma(2) in carbohydrate metabolism and energy homeostasis, respectively. |
| 586 | 12869692 | Insulin-induced gene 1 (insig-1) mRNA rose progressively with a high-fat diet and declined on a restricted diet. |
| 587 | 12869692 | Because insig-1 binds sterol regulatory element-binding protein cleavage-activating protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, thereby blocking proteolytic processing required for sterol regulatory element-binding protein activation, we tested its influence on lipogenesis. |
| 588 | 12869692 | In differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, insig-1 and -2 rose in parallel with aP2 mRNA during differentiation. |
| 589 | 12869692 | Transfection of mouse or human insig-1 into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes completely prevented oil red O staining and blocked upregulation of aP2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, and carbohydrate response element-binding protein, while reducing down-regulation of preadipocyte factor 1. |
| 590 | 12882915 | Our results demonstrate that direct, in vivo administration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1,000 units), interleukin-1beta (1,000 units), and interferon-gamma (2,000 units) into the rat pancreas through a bile duct cannula leads to the formation of lipid-derived free radicals in this tissue. |
| 591 | 12882915 | Inhibition of the enzyme inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) significantly diminished the free radicals' signal intensity, implicating these factors in the formation of free radicals. |
| 592 | 12923396 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2-Pro12Ala and endothelial nitric oxide synthase-4a/bgene polymorphisms are associated with essential hypertension. |
| 593 | 12923776 | The insulin sensitizer drug, rosiglitazone, has been shown to bind and activate PPAR-gamma1 in adipocytes and PPAR-gamma2 in hepatocytes. |
| 594 | 12923776 | The identification of new molecular targets associated with fatty acid oxidation and PPAR-gamma nuclear receptor regulation in insulin resistance tissues is a key research goal. |
| 595 | 12927809 | Adiponectin gene activation by thiazolidinediones requires PPAR gamma 2, but not C/EBP alpha-evidence for differential regulation of the aP2 and adiponectin genes. |
| 596 | 12927809 | We examined the role of PPAR gamma 2 and C/EBP alpha for adiponectin and aP2 gene activation in C/EBP alpha(-/-) fibroblasts by stably expressing PPAR gamma 2 or C/EBP alpha. |
| 597 | 12927809 | PPAR gamma 2, but not PPAR gamma 1, mRNA markedly increased during the differentiation to adipocytes in cells expressing C/EBP alpha. |
| 598 | 12927809 | Both infected cell lines differentiated to an adipocyte phenotype and the mRNA for both aP2 and adiponectin increased in parallel. |
| 599 | 12927809 | Thiazolidinediones markedly activated the gene in PPAR gamma 2-expressing cells in the absence of C/EBP alpha, suggesting that the adiponectin promoter may have functional PPAR gamma-response elements. |
| 600 | 12927809 | Several observations showed that the adiponectin and aP2 genes can be differentially regulated in adipocytes: (1) Topiramate, an anti-epileptic agent with weight-reducing properties, increased adiponectin mRNA levels and secretion, but did not, like the thiazolidinediones, increase aP2 expression; (2) IL-6 reduced adiponectin, but significantly increased, aP2 expression; and (3) TNFalpha inhibited adiponectin, but paradoxically increased, aP2 expression in PPAR gamma 2-infected C/EBP alpha null cells. |
| 601 | 12927809 | Adiponectin gene activation by thiazolidinediones requires PPAR gamma 2, but not C/EBP alpha-evidence for differential regulation of the aP2 and adiponectin genes. |
| 602 | 12927809 | We examined the role of PPAR gamma 2 and C/EBP alpha for adiponectin and aP2 gene activation in C/EBP alpha(-/-) fibroblasts by stably expressing PPAR gamma 2 or C/EBP alpha. |
| 603 | 12927809 | PPAR gamma 2, but not PPAR gamma 1, mRNA markedly increased during the differentiation to adipocytes in cells expressing C/EBP alpha. |
| 604 | 12927809 | Both infected cell lines differentiated to an adipocyte phenotype and the mRNA for both aP2 and adiponectin increased in parallel. |
| 605 | 12927809 | Thiazolidinediones markedly activated the gene in PPAR gamma 2-expressing cells in the absence of C/EBP alpha, suggesting that the adiponectin promoter may have functional PPAR gamma-response elements. |
| 606 | 12927809 | Several observations showed that the adiponectin and aP2 genes can be differentially regulated in adipocytes: (1) Topiramate, an anti-epileptic agent with weight-reducing properties, increased adiponectin mRNA levels and secretion, but did not, like the thiazolidinediones, increase aP2 expression; (2) IL-6 reduced adiponectin, but significantly increased, aP2 expression; and (3) TNFalpha inhibited adiponectin, but paradoxically increased, aP2 expression in PPAR gamma 2-infected C/EBP alpha null cells. |
| 607 | 12927809 | Adiponectin gene activation by thiazolidinediones requires PPAR gamma 2, but not C/EBP alpha-evidence for differential regulation of the aP2 and adiponectin genes. |
| 608 | 12927809 | We examined the role of PPAR gamma 2 and C/EBP alpha for adiponectin and aP2 gene activation in C/EBP alpha(-/-) fibroblasts by stably expressing PPAR gamma 2 or C/EBP alpha. |
| 609 | 12927809 | PPAR gamma 2, but not PPAR gamma 1, mRNA markedly increased during the differentiation to adipocytes in cells expressing C/EBP alpha. |
| 610 | 12927809 | Both infected cell lines differentiated to an adipocyte phenotype and the mRNA for both aP2 and adiponectin increased in parallel. |
| 611 | 12927809 | Thiazolidinediones markedly activated the gene in PPAR gamma 2-expressing cells in the absence of C/EBP alpha, suggesting that the adiponectin promoter may have functional PPAR gamma-response elements. |
| 612 | 12927809 | Several observations showed that the adiponectin and aP2 genes can be differentially regulated in adipocytes: (1) Topiramate, an anti-epileptic agent with weight-reducing properties, increased adiponectin mRNA levels and secretion, but did not, like the thiazolidinediones, increase aP2 expression; (2) IL-6 reduced adiponectin, but significantly increased, aP2 expression; and (3) TNFalpha inhibited adiponectin, but paradoxically increased, aP2 expression in PPAR gamma 2-infected C/EBP alpha null cells. |
| 613 | 12927809 | Adiponectin gene activation by thiazolidinediones requires PPAR gamma 2, but not C/EBP alpha-evidence for differential regulation of the aP2 and adiponectin genes. |
| 614 | 12927809 | We examined the role of PPAR gamma 2 and C/EBP alpha for adiponectin and aP2 gene activation in C/EBP alpha(-/-) fibroblasts by stably expressing PPAR gamma 2 or C/EBP alpha. |
| 615 | 12927809 | PPAR gamma 2, but not PPAR gamma 1, mRNA markedly increased during the differentiation to adipocytes in cells expressing C/EBP alpha. |
| 616 | 12927809 | Both infected cell lines differentiated to an adipocyte phenotype and the mRNA for both aP2 and adiponectin increased in parallel. |
| 617 | 12927809 | Thiazolidinediones markedly activated the gene in PPAR gamma 2-expressing cells in the absence of C/EBP alpha, suggesting that the adiponectin promoter may have functional PPAR gamma-response elements. |
| 618 | 12927809 | Several observations showed that the adiponectin and aP2 genes can be differentially regulated in adipocytes: (1) Topiramate, an anti-epileptic agent with weight-reducing properties, increased adiponectin mRNA levels and secretion, but did not, like the thiazolidinediones, increase aP2 expression; (2) IL-6 reduced adiponectin, but significantly increased, aP2 expression; and (3) TNFalpha inhibited adiponectin, but paradoxically increased, aP2 expression in PPAR gamma 2-infected C/EBP alpha null cells. |
| 619 | 12927809 | Adiponectin gene activation by thiazolidinediones requires PPAR gamma 2, but not C/EBP alpha-evidence for differential regulation of the aP2 and adiponectin genes. |
| 620 | 12927809 | We examined the role of PPAR gamma 2 and C/EBP alpha for adiponectin and aP2 gene activation in C/EBP alpha(-/-) fibroblasts by stably expressing PPAR gamma 2 or C/EBP alpha. |
| 621 | 12927809 | PPAR gamma 2, but not PPAR gamma 1, mRNA markedly increased during the differentiation to adipocytes in cells expressing C/EBP alpha. |
| 622 | 12927809 | Both infected cell lines differentiated to an adipocyte phenotype and the mRNA for both aP2 and adiponectin increased in parallel. |
| 623 | 12927809 | Thiazolidinediones markedly activated the gene in PPAR gamma 2-expressing cells in the absence of C/EBP alpha, suggesting that the adiponectin promoter may have functional PPAR gamma-response elements. |
| 624 | 12927809 | Several observations showed that the adiponectin and aP2 genes can be differentially regulated in adipocytes: (1) Topiramate, an anti-epileptic agent with weight-reducing properties, increased adiponectin mRNA levels and secretion, but did not, like the thiazolidinediones, increase aP2 expression; (2) IL-6 reduced adiponectin, but significantly increased, aP2 expression; and (3) TNFalpha inhibited adiponectin, but paradoxically increased, aP2 expression in PPAR gamma 2-infected C/EBP alpha null cells. |
| 625 | 14500573 | This compound improves insulin sensitivity through the activation of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). |
| 626 | 14500573 | In addition to sensitizing cells to insulin, the PPAR-gamma2 isoform appears to be critical for the regulation of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from common mesenchymal bone marrow progenitors. |
| 627 | 14500573 | We have demonstrated previously that PPAR-gamma2 activated with rosiglitazone acts as a dominant inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis in murine bone marrow in vitro. |
| 628 | 14500573 | Changes in bone morphology and structure were accompanied by changes in the expression of osteoblast- and adipocyte-specific marker genes; the expression of the osteoblast-specific genes Runx2/Cbfa1, Dlx5, and alpha1(I)collagen were decreased, whereas the expression of the adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein aP2, was increased. |
| 629 | 14500573 | This compound improves insulin sensitivity through the activation of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). |
| 630 | 14500573 | In addition to sensitizing cells to insulin, the PPAR-gamma2 isoform appears to be critical for the regulation of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from common mesenchymal bone marrow progenitors. |
| 631 | 14500573 | We have demonstrated previously that PPAR-gamma2 activated with rosiglitazone acts as a dominant inhibitor of osteoblastogenesis in murine bone marrow in vitro. |
| 632 | 14500573 | Changes in bone morphology and structure were accompanied by changes in the expression of osteoblast- and adipocyte-specific marker genes; the expression of the osteoblast-specific genes Runx2/Cbfa1, Dlx5, and alpha1(I)collagen were decreased, whereas the expression of the adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein aP2, was increased. |
| 633 | 14532170 | Acute or chronic activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increases insulin sensitivity. |
| 634 | 14532170 | Conversely, reduced expression and/or function of AMPK might play a role in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. |
| 635 | 14532170 | Thus protein expression of the seven subunit isoforms of AMPK and activities and/or phosphorylation of AMPK and acetyl-CoA carboxylase-beta (ACCbeta) was measured in skeletal muscle from obese type 2 diabetic and well-matched control subjects during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. |
| 636 | 14532170 | Protein expression of all AMPK subunit isoforms (alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2, gamma1, gamma2, and gamma3) in muscle of obese type 2 diabetic subjects was similar to that of control subjects. |
| 637 | 14532170 | In addition, alpha1- and alpha2-associated activities of AMPK, phosphorylation of alpha-AMPK subunits at Thr172, and phosphorylation of ACCbeta at Ser221 showed no difference between the two groups and were not regulated by physiological concentrations of insulin. |
| 638 | 14532170 | These data suggest that impaired insulin action on glycogen synthesis and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle of obese type 2 diabetic subjects is unlikely to involve changes in AMPK expression and activity. |
| 639 | 14625208 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subgroup of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, with three distinct main types: alpha, beta and gamma (subdivided into gamma(1) and gamma(2)). |
| 640 | 14625208 | Whether other PPAR types can be found in human islets, how islet PPARgamma mRNA expression is regulated by the metabolic milieu, their role in insulin secretion, and the effects of a PPARgamma agonist are not known. |
| 641 | 14625208 | PPARbeta and, to a greater extent, total PPARgamma and PPARgamma(2) mRNAs were expressed in human islets, whereas PPARalpha mRNA was not detected. |
| 642 | 14625208 | Compared with human adipose tissue, PPARgamma mRNA was expressed at lower levels in the islets, and PPARbeta at similar levels. |
| 643 | 14625208 | The PPARgamma agonists rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta-(12,14)prostaglandin J(2) prevented the cytostatic effect of FFA as well as the FFA-induced changes of PPAR and insulin mRNA expression. |
| 644 | 14625208 | In conclusion, this study shows that PPARgamma mRNA is expressed in human pancreatic islets, with predominance of PPARgamma(2); exposure to FFA downregulates PPARgamma(2) and insulin mRNA expression and inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; exposure to PPARgamma agonists can prevent these effects. |
| 645 | 14633865 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) Pro12Ala polymorphism has been associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes and a lower albumin excretion rate (AER) in patients with established diabetes. |
| 646 | 14669172 | Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene is related to increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) autoantibodies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 647 | 14722619 | However, their importance was underlined by findings that mutations in conserved residues within them cause a variety of human hereditary diseases, including (with the gene mutated in parentheses): Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (gamma 2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase); retinitis pigmentosa (IMP dehydrogenase-1); congenital myotonia, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, and classic Bartter syndrome (CLC chloride channel family members); and homocystinuria (cystathionine beta-synthase). |
| 648 | 14722619 | We now show that tandem pairs of CBS domains from AMP-activated protein kinase, IMP dehydrogenase-2, the chloride channel CLC2, and cystathionine beta-synthase bind AMP, ATP, or S-adenosyl methionine,while mutations that cause hereditary diseases impair this binding. |
| 649 | 14726542 | Prospective evaluation of the alcohol dehydrogenase gamma1/gamma2 gene polymorphism and risk of stroke. |
| 650 | 14747257 | Influence of the polymorphisms Tpr64Arg in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene and Pro12Ala in the PPAR gamma 2 gene on metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes in an indigenous population of the Brazilian Amazon. |
| 651 | 14981210 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene regulates weight from birth to adulthood. |
| 652 | 14988278 | Analysis of the type 2 diabetes-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes IRS1, KCNJ11, and PPARG2 in type 1 diabetes. |
| 653 | 14988278 | We have genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes in a large type 1 diabetic family collection of European descent: Gly972Arg in the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) gene, Glu23Lys in the potassium inwardly-rectifying channel gene (KCNJ11), and Pro12Ala in the peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma2 gene (PPARG2). |
| 654 | 15142366 | Leptin was not deficient, and sequencing of the proband's DNA showed no mutations in the perixisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma, PPAR-gamma(2), PPAR-alpha or melanocortin 4 receptor genes. |
| 655 | 15161789 | Changes in insulin sensitivity in response to troglitazone do not differ between subjects with and without the common, functional Pro12Ala peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene variant: results from the Troglitazone in Prevention of Diabetes (TRIPOD) study. |
| 656 | 15181035 | Seventy-two PCOS patients and 42 healthy controls were genotyped for 15 variants in the genes encoding for paraoxonase (three variants), plasma cell differentiation antigen glycoprotein, human sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (two variants), adiponectin (two variants), IGF1, IGF2, IGF1 receptor, and IGF2 receptor. |
| 657 | 15181035 | Compared with controls, PCOS patients were more frequently homozygous for the -108T variant in paraoxonase (36.6% vs. 9.5%; P = 0.002) and homozygous for G alleles of the ApaI variant in IGF2 (62.9% vs. 38.1%; P = 0.018). |
| 658 | 15181035 | Paraoxonase is a serum antioxidant enzyme and, because -108T alleles result in decreased paraoxonase expression, this increase in oxidative stress might result in insulin resistance. |
| 659 | 15181035 | In conclusion, the paraoxonase -108 C-->T variant and the ApaI polymorphism in the IGF2 gene are associated with PCOS and might contribute to increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and hyperandrogenism in this prevalent disorder. |
| 660 | 15201543 | Interactions between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 gene polymorphisms and size at birth on blood pressure and the use of antihypertensive medication. |
| 661 | 15211802 | [Association of Pro12Ala mutation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 with obesity and diabetes in Chinese population]. |
| 662 | 15225820 | After culture with 20 ng/ml GM-CSF + 20 ng/ml IL-4 (8 days) followed by 1000 ng/ml LPS + 100 U/ml IFN-gamma (2 days), with or without 10(-8)M TX527, cells were counted and analyzed by FACS for MHC II, CD86, CD40 and CD54 expression within the CD11c(+) DC population. |
| 663 | 15225820 | On CD11c(+) DCs, MHC II, CD86 and CD54 were significantly down-regulated and CD40 was twofold upregulated. |
| 664 | 15367918 | The common PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant is associated with greater insulin sensitivity. |
| 665 | 15367918 | Several genetic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) have been identified, among which Pro12Ala, a missense mutation in exon 2, is highly prevalent in Caucasian populations. |
| 666 | 15367918 | We investigated the influence of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-gamma2 on insulin sensitivity in a large Italian population sample, n=1215, in whom extensive clinical and biochemical analyses were performed. |
| 667 | 15367918 | The common PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant is associated with greater insulin sensitivity. |
| 668 | 15367918 | Several genetic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) have been identified, among which Pro12Ala, a missense mutation in exon 2, is highly prevalent in Caucasian populations. |
| 669 | 15367918 | We investigated the influence of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-gamma2 on insulin sensitivity in a large Italian population sample, n=1215, in whom extensive clinical and biochemical analyses were performed. |
| 670 | 15367918 | The common PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant is associated with greater insulin sensitivity. |
| 671 | 15367918 | Several genetic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) have been identified, among which Pro12Ala, a missense mutation in exon 2, is highly prevalent in Caucasian populations. |
| 672 | 15367918 | We investigated the influence of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR-gamma2 on insulin sensitivity in a large Italian population sample, n=1215, in whom extensive clinical and biochemical analyses were performed. |
| 673 | 15502399 | Here, we demonstrated that cyclic stretch inhibited adipocyte differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 cells, which was attributable to a reduced expression of adipogenic transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma(2) via the activation of an extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. |
| 674 | 15528275 | Insulin-induced gene-1 (Insig-1) and its homolog Insig-2 encode closely related proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum that block proteolytic activation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins, membrane-bound transcription factors that activate synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids in animal cells. |
| 675 | 15528275 | Herein, we identified a novel 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] response element in the promoter region of Insig-2 gene, which specifically binds to the heterodimer of retinoid X receptor and vitamin D receptor (VDR) and directs VDR-mediated transcriptional activation in a 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent manner. |
| 676 | 15528275 | Interestingly, 1,25-(OH)2D3 is known to directly suppress the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 protein and inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and murine bone marrow stromal cells. |
| 677 | 15531738 | PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant is associated with greater insulin sensitivity in childhood obesity. |
| 678 | 15531738 | Several genetic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a molecule known to be involved in transcription of target genes, have been identified. |
| 679 | 15531738 | We have investigated the association of PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism with measures of insulin sensitivity in a population of Italian obese children (n = 200; mean age, 10.38 +/- 2.8 y) in whom clinical and biochemical analyses were performed. |
| 680 | 15531738 | PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant is associated with greater insulin sensitivity in childhood obesity. |
| 681 | 15531738 | Several genetic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a molecule known to be involved in transcription of target genes, have been identified. |
| 682 | 15531738 | We have investigated the association of PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism with measures of insulin sensitivity in a population of Italian obese children (n = 200; mean age, 10.38 +/- 2.8 y) in whom clinical and biochemical analyses were performed. |
| 683 | 15531738 | PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala variant is associated with greater insulin sensitivity in childhood obesity. |
| 684 | 15531738 | Several genetic variants of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a molecule known to be involved in transcription of target genes, have been identified. |
| 685 | 15531738 | We have investigated the association of PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism with measures of insulin sensitivity in a population of Italian obese children (n = 200; mean age, 10.38 +/- 2.8 y) in whom clinical and biochemical analyses were performed. |
| 686 | 15562023 | Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) regulates insulin secretion and may play an important role in linking obesity to type 2 diabetes (T2D). |
| 687 | 15562023 | We also tested for an effect of the P12A variant of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) gene on diabetes risk given by the UCP2 SNP. |
| 688 | 15562023 | After stratifying for the PPAR gamma 2 polymorphism, the increased risk conferred by the UCP2 G/G genotype was still evident among P12/P12 homozygous subjects (n = 801; OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04-1.83), but seemed to disappear among the X12/A12 subjects (i.e. |
| 689 | 15562023 | P12/A12 heterozygous or A12/A12 homozygous subjects; n = 137; OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.40-1.91). |
| 690 | 15562023 | Whether this apparent difference is entirely due to the different number of carriers of the two PPAR gamma 2 genotypes is a likely possibility that deserves deeper investigation. |
| 691 | 15562023 | Additional studies in larger samples are needed to investigate the possibility of a concomitant effect of modifier genes such as PPAR gamma 2. |
| 692 | 15562023 | Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) regulates insulin secretion and may play an important role in linking obesity to type 2 diabetes (T2D). |
| 693 | 15562023 | We also tested for an effect of the P12A variant of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) gene on diabetes risk given by the UCP2 SNP. |
| 694 | 15562023 | After stratifying for the PPAR gamma 2 polymorphism, the increased risk conferred by the UCP2 G/G genotype was still evident among P12/P12 homozygous subjects (n = 801; OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04-1.83), but seemed to disappear among the X12/A12 subjects (i.e. |
| 695 | 15562023 | P12/A12 heterozygous or A12/A12 homozygous subjects; n = 137; OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.40-1.91). |
| 696 | 15562023 | Whether this apparent difference is entirely due to the different number of carriers of the two PPAR gamma 2 genotypes is a likely possibility that deserves deeper investigation. |
| 697 | 15562023 | Additional studies in larger samples are needed to investigate the possibility of a concomitant effect of modifier genes such as PPAR gamma 2. |
| 698 | 15562023 | Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) regulates insulin secretion and may play an important role in linking obesity to type 2 diabetes (T2D). |
| 699 | 15562023 | We also tested for an effect of the P12A variant of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) gene on diabetes risk given by the UCP2 SNP. |
| 700 | 15562023 | After stratifying for the PPAR gamma 2 polymorphism, the increased risk conferred by the UCP2 G/G genotype was still evident among P12/P12 homozygous subjects (n = 801; OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04-1.83), but seemed to disappear among the X12/A12 subjects (i.e. |
| 701 | 15562023 | P12/A12 heterozygous or A12/A12 homozygous subjects; n = 137; OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.40-1.91). |
| 702 | 15562023 | Whether this apparent difference is entirely due to the different number of carriers of the two PPAR gamma 2 genotypes is a likely possibility that deserves deeper investigation. |
| 703 | 15562023 | Additional studies in larger samples are needed to investigate the possibility of a concomitant effect of modifier genes such as PPAR gamma 2. |
| 704 | 15562023 | Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) regulates insulin secretion and may play an important role in linking obesity to type 2 diabetes (T2D). |
| 705 | 15562023 | We also tested for an effect of the P12A variant of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) gene on diabetes risk given by the UCP2 SNP. |
| 706 | 15562023 | After stratifying for the PPAR gamma 2 polymorphism, the increased risk conferred by the UCP2 G/G genotype was still evident among P12/P12 homozygous subjects (n = 801; OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.04-1.83), but seemed to disappear among the X12/A12 subjects (i.e. |
| 707 | 15562023 | P12/A12 heterozygous or A12/A12 homozygous subjects; n = 137; OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.40-1.91). |
| 708 | 15562023 | Whether this apparent difference is entirely due to the different number of carriers of the two PPAR gamma 2 genotypes is a likely possibility that deserves deeper investigation. |
| 709 | 15562023 | Additional studies in larger samples are needed to investigate the possibility of a concomitant effect of modifier genes such as PPAR gamma 2. |
| 710 | 15562396 | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on body fat distribution in female Korean subjects. |
| 711 | 15562396 | The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. |
| 712 | 15562396 | The frequencies of PPAR gamma 2 genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. |
| 713 | 15562396 | However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. |
| 714 | 15562396 | When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype was found. |
| 715 | 15562396 | Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found. |
| 716 | 15562396 | The results of this study suggest that the PPAR gamma 2 PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs. |
| 717 | 15562396 | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on body fat distribution in female Korean subjects. |
| 718 | 15562396 | The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. |
| 719 | 15562396 | The frequencies of PPAR gamma 2 genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. |
| 720 | 15562396 | However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. |
| 721 | 15562396 | When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype was found. |
| 722 | 15562396 | Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found. |
| 723 | 15562396 | The results of this study suggest that the PPAR gamma 2 PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs. |
| 724 | 15562396 | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on body fat distribution in female Korean subjects. |
| 725 | 15562396 | The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. |
| 726 | 15562396 | The frequencies of PPAR gamma 2 genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. |
| 727 | 15562396 | However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. |
| 728 | 15562396 | When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype was found. |
| 729 | 15562396 | Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found. |
| 730 | 15562396 | The results of this study suggest that the PPAR gamma 2 PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs. |
| 731 | 15562396 | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on body fat distribution in female Korean subjects. |
| 732 | 15562396 | The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. |
| 733 | 15562396 | The frequencies of PPAR gamma 2 genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. |
| 734 | 15562396 | However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. |
| 735 | 15562396 | When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype was found. |
| 736 | 15562396 | Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found. |
| 737 | 15562396 | The results of this study suggest that the PPAR gamma 2 PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs. |
| 738 | 15562396 | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on body fat distribution in female Korean subjects. |
| 739 | 15562396 | The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. |
| 740 | 15562396 | The frequencies of PPAR gamma 2 genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. |
| 741 | 15562396 | However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. |
| 742 | 15562396 | When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype was found. |
| 743 | 15562396 | Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found. |
| 744 | 15562396 | The results of this study suggest that the PPAR gamma 2 PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs. |
| 745 | 15562396 | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on body fat distribution in female Korean subjects. |
| 746 | 15562396 | The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. |
| 747 | 15562396 | The frequencies of PPAR gamma 2 genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. |
| 748 | 15562396 | However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. |
| 749 | 15562396 | When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype was found. |
| 750 | 15562396 | Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found. |
| 751 | 15562396 | The results of this study suggest that the PPAR gamma 2 PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs. |
| 752 | 15562396 | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on body fat distribution in female Korean subjects. |
| 753 | 15562396 | The effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR gamma 2) Pro12Ala (P12A) polymorphism on body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes are well documented; however, until now, only a few studies have evaluated the effects of this polymorphism on body fat distribution. |
| 754 | 15562396 | The frequencies of PPAR gamma 2 genotypes were: PP type, 93.0%; PA type, 6.8%; and AA type, 0.2%. |
| 755 | 15562396 | However, among lean subjects with BMI of less than 25, no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found, suggesting that the fat-accumulating effects of the PA/AA genotype were evident only among overweight subjects, but not among lean subjects. |
| 756 | 15562396 | When serum lipid profiles, glucose, and liver function indicators were compared among overweight subjects, no significant difference associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype was found. |
| 757 | 15562396 | Changes in body weight, BMI, WHR, and body fat mass were measured among overweight subjects who finished a 1-month weight lose program of a hypocaloric diet and exercise; no significant differences associated with PPAR gamma 2 genotype were found. |
| 758 | 15562396 | The results of this study suggest that the PPAR gamma 2 PA/AA genotype is associated with increased subcutaneous and visceral fat areas in overweight Korean female subjects, but does not significantly affect serum biochemical parameters and outcomes of weight loss programs. |
| 759 | 15562398 | Pro12Ala substitution in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 is associated with low adiponectin concentrations in young Japanese men. |
| 760 | 15562398 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) has been shown to play an important role in adipocyte differentiation. |
| 761 | 15562398 | A Pro12Ala substitution in PPAR gamma 2 has been reported to decrease receptor activity in vitro and to be associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. |
| 762 | 15562398 | Recently, a PPAR response element (PPRE) was identified in the adiponectin promoter, suggesting that decreased PPAR gamma activity may lead to lower adiponectin levels. |
| 763 | 15562398 | In the present study, serum adiponectin concentrations and the PPAR gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism were analyzed to determine whether this polymorphism is associated with lower serum adiponectin concentrations in young healthy Japanese subjects. |
| 764 | 15562398 | Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in men with than in those without the Ala12 allele, whereas body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-beta, HOMA-IR, the insulin sensitivity index during oral glucose tolerance test (ISI [composite]), and serum leptin did not differ significantly between subjects with and without the Ala12 allele. |
| 765 | 15562398 | In conclusion, the Pro12Ala substitution in PPAR gamma 2 may reduce serum adiponectin concentrations in young Japanese men. |
| 766 | 15562398 | Pro12Ala substitution in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 is associated with low adiponectin concentrations in young Japanese men. |
| 767 | 15562398 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) has been shown to play an important role in adipocyte differentiation. |
| 768 | 15562398 | A Pro12Ala substitution in PPAR gamma 2 has been reported to decrease receptor activity in vitro and to be associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. |
| 769 | 15562398 | Recently, a PPAR response element (PPRE) was identified in the adiponectin promoter, suggesting that decreased PPAR gamma activity may lead to lower adiponectin levels. |
| 770 | 15562398 | In the present study, serum adiponectin concentrations and the PPAR gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism were analyzed to determine whether this polymorphism is associated with lower serum adiponectin concentrations in young healthy Japanese subjects. |
| 771 | 15562398 | Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in men with than in those without the Ala12 allele, whereas body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-beta, HOMA-IR, the insulin sensitivity index during oral glucose tolerance test (ISI [composite]), and serum leptin did not differ significantly between subjects with and without the Ala12 allele. |
| 772 | 15562398 | In conclusion, the Pro12Ala substitution in PPAR gamma 2 may reduce serum adiponectin concentrations in young Japanese men. |
| 773 | 15562398 | Pro12Ala substitution in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 is associated with low adiponectin concentrations in young Japanese men. |
| 774 | 15562398 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) has been shown to play an important role in adipocyte differentiation. |
| 775 | 15562398 | A Pro12Ala substitution in PPAR gamma 2 has been reported to decrease receptor activity in vitro and to be associated with a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population. |
| 776 | 15562398 | Recently, a PPAR response element (PPRE) was identified in the adiponectin promoter, suggesting that decreased PPAR gamma activity may lead to lower adiponectin levels. |
| 777 | 15562398 | In the present study, serum adiponectin concentrations and the PPAR gamma Pro12Ala polymorphism were analyzed to determine whether this polymorphism is associated with lower serum adiponectin concentrations in young healthy Japanese subjects. |
| 778 | 15562398 | Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in men with than in those without the Ala12 allele, whereas body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-beta, HOMA-IR, the insulin sensitivity index during oral glucose tolerance test (ISI [composite]), and serum leptin did not differ significantly between subjects with and without the Ala12 allele. |
| 779 | 15562398 | In conclusion, the Pro12Ala substitution in PPAR gamma 2 may reduce serum adiponectin concentrations in young Japanese men. |
| 780 | 15592662 | Common polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma2 (Pro12Ala) and PGC-1alpha (Gly482Ser) genes are associated with the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes in the STOP-NIDDM trial. |
| 781 | 15662218 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 Pro12Ala and endothelial nitric oxide synthase-4a/b gene polymorphisms are not associated with hypertension in diabetes mellitus type 2. |
| 782 | 15680157 | In this study, both a human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma2 (PPARgamma2) recombinant protein and a specific monoclonal antibody against PPARgamma2 were produced in order to screen PPARgamma ligands. |
| 783 | 15680157 | The results of Western blot testing revealed that Pgamma48.34A recognized both glutathione S-transferase (GST)- and his-tagged human and mouse PPARgamma recombinant proteins and also identified PPARgamma in adipocytes and mouse tissues. |
| 784 | 15680157 | An in vitro binding assay revealed that PPARgamma2 was bound to steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) in a dose-responsive manner in the presence of indomethacin, and Pr48.34A was able to detect PPARgamma in a complex consisting of PPARgamma and SRC-1. |
| 785 | 15680157 | Using Pgamma48.34A antibody, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system based on the binding between fPPARgamma2 and SRC-1 has been optimized to screen new PPARgamma ligands. |
| 786 | 15778927 | Influence of the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala and ACE I/D polymorphisms on insulin sensitivity and training effects in healthy offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 787 | 15778927 | This study evaluated the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma2 ( PPAR-gamma2) Pro12Ala polymorphism and the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE) I/D polymorphism with respect to any potential influence that these highly prevalent polymorphisms may impose on changes in insulin sensitivity and maximal aerobic capacity induced by exercise. |
| 788 | 15778927 | In offspring only, the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene appeared to enhance weight changes brought about by exercise (Deltaweight = - 0.3 +/- 1.4 kg vs. - 1.8 +/- 1.8 kg; p < 0.05; (Pro/Pro vs. |
| 789 | 15778927 | The ACE I/D polymorphism was not of significant importance in determining the capability of responding to exercise in terms of improvement in insulin sensitivity or maximal aerobic capacity. |
| 790 | 15778927 | Influence of the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala and ACE I/D polymorphisms on insulin sensitivity and training effects in healthy offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 791 | 15778927 | This study evaluated the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma2 ( PPAR-gamma2) Pro12Ala polymorphism and the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE) I/D polymorphism with respect to any potential influence that these highly prevalent polymorphisms may impose on changes in insulin sensitivity and maximal aerobic capacity induced by exercise. |
| 792 | 15778927 | In offspring only, the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene appeared to enhance weight changes brought about by exercise (Deltaweight = - 0.3 +/- 1.4 kg vs. - 1.8 +/- 1.8 kg; p < 0.05; (Pro/Pro vs. |
| 793 | 15778927 | The ACE I/D polymorphism was not of significant importance in determining the capability of responding to exercise in terms of improvement in insulin sensitivity or maximal aerobic capacity. |
| 794 | 15778927 | Influence of the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala and ACE I/D polymorphisms on insulin sensitivity and training effects in healthy offspring of type 2 diabetic subjects. |
| 795 | 15778927 | This study evaluated the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma2 ( PPAR-gamma2) Pro12Ala polymorphism and the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE) I/D polymorphism with respect to any potential influence that these highly prevalent polymorphisms may impose on changes in insulin sensitivity and maximal aerobic capacity induced by exercise. |
| 796 | 15778927 | In offspring only, the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene appeared to enhance weight changes brought about by exercise (Deltaweight = - 0.3 +/- 1.4 kg vs. - 1.8 +/- 1.8 kg; p < 0.05; (Pro/Pro vs. |
| 797 | 15778927 | The ACE I/D polymorphism was not of significant importance in determining the capability of responding to exercise in terms of improvement in insulin sensitivity or maximal aerobic capacity. |
| 798 | 15781195 | Common polymorphisms in the PPARgamma2 and IRS-1 genes and their interaction influence serum adiponectin concentration in young Finnish men. |
| 799 | 15781195 | The Gly972Arg substitution of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene and the Pro12Pro genotype of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) gene have been suggested to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 800 | 15781195 | No difference was observed in serum adiponectin level between the IRS-1 genotype groups. |
| 801 | 15781195 | The interaction between the PPARgamma2 and IRS-1 genes with respect to their effects on adiponectin levels was statistically significant (p=0.02). |
| 802 | 15781195 | Adiponectin was significantly higher (p<0.05) in subjects who simultaneously had the Ala/Ala (PPARgamma2)+Gly/Gly (IRS-1) genotype combination compared to subjects with the Pro/Pro+Gly/Gly and Pro/Ala+Gly/Gly genotype combinations. |
| 803 | 15781195 | We conclude that the Ala12Ala genotype of PPARgamma2 is associated with elevated adiponectin level, and that the PPARgamma2 and IRS-1 genes have a possible interaction in their effects on adiponectin concentration. |
| 804 | 15784141 | Implication of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma 2 gene in type 2 diabetes and obesity in the French population. |
| 805 | 15905321 | Decreased bone mass, osteoporosis, and increased fracture rates are common skeletal complications in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM; type I diabetes). |
| 806 | 15905321 | IDDM develops from little or no insulin production and is marked by elevated blood glucose levels and weight loss. |
| 807 | 15905321 | However, osteocalcin mRNA (a marker of late-stage osteoblast differentiation) and dynamic parameters of bone formation were decreased in diabetic tibias, whereas osteoblast number and runx2 and alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels did not differ. |
| 808 | 15905321 | This is supported by increased expression of adipocyte markers [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, resistin, and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (alphaP2)] and the appearance of lipid-dense adipocytes in diabetic tibias. |
| 809 | 15919792 | The link between nutritional status and insulin sensitivity is dependent on the adipocyte-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 isoform. |
| 810 | 15919792 | PPARgamma exists as two isoforms, gamma1 and gamma2. |
| 811 | 15919792 | Despite similar weight, body composition, food intake, energy expenditure, and adipose tissue morphology, male mice lacking the gamma2 isoform were more insulin resistant than wild-type animals when fed a regular diet. |
| 812 | 15919792 | Furthermore, PPARgamma2 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet did not become more insulin resistant than those on a normal diet, despite a marked increase in their mean adipocyte cell size. |
| 813 | 15919792 | The link between nutritional status and insulin sensitivity is dependent on the adipocyte-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 isoform. |
| 814 | 15919792 | PPARgamma exists as two isoforms, gamma1 and gamma2. |
| 815 | 15919792 | Despite similar weight, body composition, food intake, energy expenditure, and adipose tissue morphology, male mice lacking the gamma2 isoform were more insulin resistant than wild-type animals when fed a regular diet. |
| 816 | 15919792 | Furthermore, PPARgamma2 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet did not become more insulin resistant than those on a normal diet, despite a marked increase in their mean adipocyte cell size. |
| 817 | 15919792 | The link between nutritional status and insulin sensitivity is dependent on the adipocyte-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 isoform. |
| 818 | 15919792 | PPARgamma exists as two isoforms, gamma1 and gamma2. |
| 819 | 15919792 | Despite similar weight, body composition, food intake, energy expenditure, and adipose tissue morphology, male mice lacking the gamma2 isoform were more insulin resistant than wild-type animals when fed a regular diet. |
| 820 | 15919792 | Furthermore, PPARgamma2 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet did not become more insulin resistant than those on a normal diet, despite a marked increase in their mean adipocyte cell size. |
| 821 | 16050954 | Association between Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene and insulin sensitivity in Brazilian patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 822 | 16115789 | Glucose and lipid metabolism in relation to novel polymorphisms in the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase gamma2 gene in Chinese. |
| 823 | 16115789 | We sequenced exon 1 and flanking regions of the gene encoding for the gamma2 subunit of AMPK (AMPKgamma2) and identified two novel common polymorphisms at position -26 and IVS1+43. |
| 824 | 16115789 | Glucose and lipid metabolism in relation to novel polymorphisms in the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase gamma2 gene in Chinese. |
| 825 | 16115789 | We sequenced exon 1 and flanking regions of the gene encoding for the gamma2 subunit of AMPK (AMPKgamma2) and identified two novel common polymorphisms at position -26 and IVS1+43. |
| 826 | 16180511 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is present in two isoforms generated by alternative splicing, PPAR gamma 1 and PPAR gamma 2. |
| 827 | 16180511 | A Pro12Ala polymorphism in human PPAR gamma 2 moderately reduces its transcriptional activity, and thus PPAR gamma 2 is thought to be a promising candidate gene for several human disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 828 | 16180511 | In this report, we examined the polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene in people at high and low altitudes in Bolivia, and found a significant difference in the frequency of Ala carriers (Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala) between 153 native high-altitude Bolivian subjects (64.1%) and 288 low-altitude Bolivian subjects (37.9%). |
| 829 | 16180511 | As body mass index, however, was not associated with Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene among either the high altitude Bolivians or low altitude Bolivians, Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene has little relationship to obesity in Bolivians. |
| 830 | 16180511 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is present in two isoforms generated by alternative splicing, PPAR gamma 1 and PPAR gamma 2. |
| 831 | 16180511 | A Pro12Ala polymorphism in human PPAR gamma 2 moderately reduces its transcriptional activity, and thus PPAR gamma 2 is thought to be a promising candidate gene for several human disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 832 | 16180511 | In this report, we examined the polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene in people at high and low altitudes in Bolivia, and found a significant difference in the frequency of Ala carriers (Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala) between 153 native high-altitude Bolivian subjects (64.1%) and 288 low-altitude Bolivian subjects (37.9%). |
| 833 | 16180511 | As body mass index, however, was not associated with Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene among either the high altitude Bolivians or low altitude Bolivians, Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene has little relationship to obesity in Bolivians. |
| 834 | 16180511 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is present in two isoforms generated by alternative splicing, PPAR gamma 1 and PPAR gamma 2. |
| 835 | 16180511 | A Pro12Ala polymorphism in human PPAR gamma 2 moderately reduces its transcriptional activity, and thus PPAR gamma 2 is thought to be a promising candidate gene for several human disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 836 | 16180511 | In this report, we examined the polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene in people at high and low altitudes in Bolivia, and found a significant difference in the frequency of Ala carriers (Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala) between 153 native high-altitude Bolivian subjects (64.1%) and 288 low-altitude Bolivian subjects (37.9%). |
| 837 | 16180511 | As body mass index, however, was not associated with Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene among either the high altitude Bolivians or low altitude Bolivians, Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene has little relationship to obesity in Bolivians. |
| 838 | 16180511 | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is present in two isoforms generated by alternative splicing, PPAR gamma 1 and PPAR gamma 2. |
| 839 | 16180511 | A Pro12Ala polymorphism in human PPAR gamma 2 moderately reduces its transcriptional activity, and thus PPAR gamma 2 is thought to be a promising candidate gene for several human disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 840 | 16180511 | In this report, we examined the polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene in people at high and low altitudes in Bolivia, and found a significant difference in the frequency of Ala carriers (Pro/Ala and Ala/Ala) between 153 native high-altitude Bolivian subjects (64.1%) and 288 low-altitude Bolivian subjects (37.9%). |
| 841 | 16180511 | As body mass index, however, was not associated with Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR gamma 2 gene among either the high altitude Bolivians or low altitude Bolivians, Pro12Ala polymorphism of the gene has little relationship to obesity in Bolivians. |
| 842 | 16415042 | This was associated with inhibition of expression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARgamma2) and Glut4. |
| 843 | 16415042 | They also had increased basal phosphorylation of AKT1, a mediator of insulin signaling. |
| 844 | 16415042 | We conclude that A-type lamins act as inhibitors of adipocyte differentiation, possibly by affecting PPARgamma2 and insulin signaling. |
| 845 | 16625233 | The aim of the study was to examine an association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene and blood pressure values assessed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in obese patients with long-lasting type II diabetes. |
| 846 | 16625233 | Different reaction for antihypertensive medication depending on a variant of the PPAR-gamma2 gene should also be considered as a possible cause of the presented results. |
| 847 | 16625233 | The aim of the study was to examine an association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 gene and blood pressure values assessed by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in obese patients with long-lasting type II diabetes. |
| 848 | 16625233 | Different reaction for antihypertensive medication depending on a variant of the PPAR-gamma2 gene should also be considered as a possible cause of the presented results. |
| 849 | 16644636 | The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on glucose/insulin metabolism interact with prenatal exposure to famine. |
| 850 | 16670091 | FOXO1 represses peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 and -gamma2 gene promoters in primary adipocytes. |
| 851 | 16670091 | FOXO1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) are crucial transcription factors that regulate glucose metabolism and insulin responsiveness in insulin target tissues. |
| 852 | 16670091 | We have shown that, in primary rat adipocytes, both factors regulate transcription of the insulin-responsive GLUT4 gene and that PPARgamma2 detachment from the GLUT4 promoter upon thiazolidinedione binding up-regulates GLUT4 gene expression, thus increasing insulin sensitivity (Armoni, M., Kritz, N., Harel, C., Bar-Yoseph, F., Chen, H., Quon, M. |
| 853 | 16670091 | FOXO1 coexpression dose-dependently repressed transcription from either the PPARgamma 1 or PPARgamma2 promoter reporter by 65%, whereas insulin (100 nm, 20-24 h) either partially or completely reversed this effect. |
| 854 | 16670091 | We suggest a novel paradigm to increase insulin sensitivity in adipocytes in which FOXO1 repression of PPARgamma, the latter being a repressor of the GLUT4 promoter, consequently leads to GLUT4 derepression/up-regulation, thus enhancing cellular insulin sensitivity. |
| 855 | 16678327 | PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with weight gain in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. |
| 856 | 16696315 | As an important thrifty gene, environment factors may exerts an effect of PPAR gamma2 on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. |
| 857 | 16804087 | Single nucleotide polymorphisms of PPARD in combination with the Gly482Ser substitution of PGC-1A and the Pro12Ala substitution of PPARG2 predict the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance to type 2 diabetes: the STOP-NIDDM trial. |
| 858 | 16804087 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-delta regulates fatty acid oxidation and improves insulin sensitivity. |
| 859 | 16804087 | In the placebo group, subjects possessing both the 482Ser allele of the PPAR-gamma coactivator-1alpha gene (PGC-1A) and the rare allele of two SNPs of PPARD (rs6902123 and rs3734254) had up to 2.5-fold increased risk for diabetes. |
| 860 | 16804087 | Furthermore, women carrying the C allele of rs6902123 of PPARD and the Pro12Pro genotype of the PPAR-gamma2 gene (PPARG2) had a 3.9-fold (95% CI 1.79-8.63; P = 0.001)-higher risk for diabetes than women with protective genotypes. |
| 861 | 16804087 | We conclude that SNPs in PPARD modify the conversion from IGT to type 2 diabetes, particularly in combination with the SNPs of PGC-1A and PPARG2. |
| 862 | 16824933 | Lack of association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR-gamma2 gene and body weight changes, insulin resistance and chronic diabetic complications in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. |
| 863 | 16881538 | Association between Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 and myocardial infarction in the Chinese Han population. |
| 864 | 16890537 | To evaluate the role of hepatic peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma 2 in the control of energy balance, Uno and colleagues examined the metabolic effects of overexpression of PPAR gamma 2 selectively in mouse and rat liver. |
| 865 | 16920849 | Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARG2 gene is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and peripheral insulin sensitivity in a population with a high intake of oleic acid. |
| 866 | 16920849 | Activation of the PPAR gamma 2 gene (PPARG2) improves the action of insulin and its lipid metabolism. |
| 867 | 16920849 | We examined the association between Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARG2, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), and peripheral insulin sensitivity in a population with a high intake of oleic acid. |
| 868 | 16920849 | The intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) contributed to the variance of the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA IR) (P = 0.04), with a 2-way interaction between the Ala-12 allele of PPARG2 and the intake of MUFA (P = 0.005). |
| 869 | 16936206 | Subcutaneous hTERT-expressing strains accumulated more lipid and expressed more adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha than omental cells, as in primary preadipocytes, while hTERT abundance was similar. |
| 870 | 17084528 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 has important effects to insulin sensitivity, atherosclerosis, inflammation and endothelial cell function. |
| 871 | 17084528 | Through these effects, PPAR-gamma2 might be involved with the ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes. |
| 872 | 17084528 | To determine the role of PPAR-gamma2 in genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes, we genotyped 302 ischemic stroke patients, 283 healthy controls and 141 type 2 diabetic patients without ischemic stroke (diabetes duration >10 years) for PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. |
| 873 | 17084528 | PPAR-gamma2 Pro/Ala genotype were lower in ischemic stroke patients than those observed in the control group (4.0% vs. 9.9%, OR=0.38, P=0.0046), and it were associated with the incidence of ischemic stroke in the multivariate analysis (OR=0.43, P=0.025). |
| 874 | 17084528 | These results suggest that the Pro/Ala genotype of PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism may be associated with reduced risk for ischemic stroke, and the possibility that it might have a protective effect for ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes. |
| 875 | 17084528 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 has important effects to insulin sensitivity, atherosclerosis, inflammation and endothelial cell function. |
| 876 | 17084528 | Through these effects, PPAR-gamma2 might be involved with the ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes. |
| 877 | 17084528 | To determine the role of PPAR-gamma2 in genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes, we genotyped 302 ischemic stroke patients, 283 healthy controls and 141 type 2 diabetic patients without ischemic stroke (diabetes duration >10 years) for PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. |
| 878 | 17084528 | PPAR-gamma2 Pro/Ala genotype were lower in ischemic stroke patients than those observed in the control group (4.0% vs. 9.9%, OR=0.38, P=0.0046), and it were associated with the incidence of ischemic stroke in the multivariate analysis (OR=0.43, P=0.025). |
| 879 | 17084528 | These results suggest that the Pro/Ala genotype of PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism may be associated with reduced risk for ischemic stroke, and the possibility that it might have a protective effect for ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes. |
| 880 | 17084528 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 has important effects to insulin sensitivity, atherosclerosis, inflammation and endothelial cell function. |
| 881 | 17084528 | Through these effects, PPAR-gamma2 might be involved with the ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes. |
| 882 | 17084528 | To determine the role of PPAR-gamma2 in genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes, we genotyped 302 ischemic stroke patients, 283 healthy controls and 141 type 2 diabetic patients without ischemic stroke (diabetes duration >10 years) for PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. |
| 883 | 17084528 | PPAR-gamma2 Pro/Ala genotype were lower in ischemic stroke patients than those observed in the control group (4.0% vs. 9.9%, OR=0.38, P=0.0046), and it were associated with the incidence of ischemic stroke in the multivariate analysis (OR=0.43, P=0.025). |
| 884 | 17084528 | These results suggest that the Pro/Ala genotype of PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism may be associated with reduced risk for ischemic stroke, and the possibility that it might have a protective effect for ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes. |
| 885 | 17084528 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 has important effects to insulin sensitivity, atherosclerosis, inflammation and endothelial cell function. |
| 886 | 17084528 | Through these effects, PPAR-gamma2 might be involved with the ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes. |
| 887 | 17084528 | To determine the role of PPAR-gamma2 in genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes, we genotyped 302 ischemic stroke patients, 283 healthy controls and 141 type 2 diabetic patients without ischemic stroke (diabetes duration >10 years) for PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. |
| 888 | 17084528 | PPAR-gamma2 Pro/Ala genotype were lower in ischemic stroke patients than those observed in the control group (4.0% vs. 9.9%, OR=0.38, P=0.0046), and it were associated with the incidence of ischemic stroke in the multivariate analysis (OR=0.43, P=0.025). |
| 889 | 17084528 | These results suggest that the Pro/Ala genotype of PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism may be associated with reduced risk for ischemic stroke, and the possibility that it might have a protective effect for ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes. |
| 890 | 17084528 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 has important effects to insulin sensitivity, atherosclerosis, inflammation and endothelial cell function. |
| 891 | 17084528 | Through these effects, PPAR-gamma2 might be involved with the ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes. |
| 892 | 17084528 | To determine the role of PPAR-gamma2 in genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke in type 2 diabetes, we genotyped 302 ischemic stroke patients, 283 healthy controls and 141 type 2 diabetic patients without ischemic stroke (diabetes duration >10 years) for PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. |
| 893 | 17084528 | PPAR-gamma2 Pro/Ala genotype were lower in ischemic stroke patients than those observed in the control group (4.0% vs. 9.9%, OR=0.38, P=0.0046), and it were associated with the incidence of ischemic stroke in the multivariate analysis (OR=0.43, P=0.025). |
| 894 | 17084528 | These results suggest that the Pro/Ala genotype of PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism may be associated with reduced risk for ischemic stroke, and the possibility that it might have a protective effect for ischemic stroke with type 2 diabetes. |
| 895 | 17098861 | Here, we show that the oncogenic steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3) is a critical regulator of white adipocyte development. |
| 896 | 17098861 | Indeed, in SRC-3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, adipocyte differentiation was severely impaired, and reexpression of SRC-3 was able to restore it. |
| 897 | 17098861 | The early stages of adipocyte differentiation are accompanied by an increase in nuclear levels of SRC-3, which accumulates to high levels specifically in the nucleus of differentiated fat cells. |
| 898 | 17098861 | Moreover, SRC-3(-/-) animals showed reduced body weight and adipose tissue mass with a significant decrease of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2), a master gene required for adipogenesis. |
| 899 | 17135601 | The association between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and insulin resistance is reported to depend on low birth weight. |
| 900 | 17135601 | Total glycated hemoglobin in blood served as a surrogate of fetal insulin resistance and glucose use. |
| 901 | 17200159 | The dysregulated spots from the membrane subproteome included binding protein (BiP), calreticulin precursor protein, a 63-kDa transmembrane protein from a ER/Golgi intermediate, and beta-subunit of collagen proline 4-hydroxylase. |
| 902 | 17200159 | Enolase 1, annexin VI, and gamma(2)-actin were decreased, whereas heat shock protein-70 kDa and calmodulin (CaM) were increased. |
| 903 | 17200159 | CaM-specific inhibitors blocked glucose transport stimulated by transforming growth factor-beta and insulin in mesangial cells. |
| 904 | 17317762 | The effect of this allele on the risk of diabetes in the placebo group was enhanced by the simultaneous presence of the risk alleles of the PPAR-gamma2, PPAR-gamma coactivator 1alpha, and hepatic nuclear factor 4alpha genes (odds ratios 2.2, 2.5, and 3.4, respectively). |
| 905 | 17374678 | We have shown that the effects of the Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala polymorphisms of the PPAR-gamma 2 gene depended on the body size at birth. |
| 906 | 17387171 | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta deletion reduces adiposity, hepatic steatosis, and diabetes in Lepr(db/db) mice. |
| 907 | 17387171 | CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) plays a key role in initiation of adipogenesis in adipose tissue and gluconeogenesis in liver; however, the role of C/EBPbeta in hepatic lipogenesis remains undefined. |
| 908 | 17387171 | Here we show that C/EBPbeta inactivation in Lepr(db/db) mice attenuates obesity, fatty liver, and diabetes. |
| 909 | 17387171 | C/EBPbeta deletion in Lepr(db/db) mice down-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and up-regulated PPARalpha independent of SREBP1c. |
| 910 | 17387171 | Conversely, C/EBPbeta overexpression in wild-type mice increased PPARgamma2 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 mRNA and hepatic triglyceride content. |
| 911 | 17387171 | Leptin and the anti-diabetic drug metformin acutely down-regulated C/EBPbeta expression in hepatocytes, whereas fatty acids up-regulate C/EBPbeta expression. |
| 912 | 17434720 | An analysis of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma 2) Pro12Ala polymorphism distribution and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in world populations in relation to dietary habits. |
| 913 | 17439324 | Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARgamma-2) gene is associated with greater insulin sensitivity and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in an Iranian population. |
| 914 | 17681394 | The relationship of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 exon 2 and exon 6 gene polymorphism in Turkish type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. |
| 915 | 17700648 | The Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma2 gene affects associations of fish intake and marine n-3 fatty acids with glucose metabolism. |
| 916 | 17805473 | Lack of association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma 2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Qatari consanguineous population. |
| 917 | 17805473 | Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that serves as a master regulator for adipocytes-specific genes contributing to adipocytes differentiation, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. |
| 918 | 17805473 | The substitution of proline to alanine at codon 12 of the PPAR gamma 2 gene (Pro12Ala polymorphism) is most widely studied, and the associations with diabetes, obesity, and other clinical parameters have been reported and discussed in several ethnic groups. |
| 919 | 17805473 | The aim of this study was to estimate the allele frequency of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qatari population and investigate the association between this polymorphism and obesity or type 2 diabetes. |
| 920 | 17805473 | The allele frequency of Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qataris is lower than that in many Caucasian ethnic groups. |
| 921 | 17805473 | In this study, no association is seen between the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene and the type 2 diabetes in Qatar. |
| 922 | 17805473 | Lack of association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma 2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Qatari consanguineous population. |
| 923 | 17805473 | Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that serves as a master regulator for adipocytes-specific genes contributing to adipocytes differentiation, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. |
| 924 | 17805473 | The substitution of proline to alanine at codon 12 of the PPAR gamma 2 gene (Pro12Ala polymorphism) is most widely studied, and the associations with diabetes, obesity, and other clinical parameters have been reported and discussed in several ethnic groups. |
| 925 | 17805473 | The aim of this study was to estimate the allele frequency of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qatari population and investigate the association between this polymorphism and obesity or type 2 diabetes. |
| 926 | 17805473 | The allele frequency of Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qataris is lower than that in many Caucasian ethnic groups. |
| 927 | 17805473 | In this study, no association is seen between the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene and the type 2 diabetes in Qatar. |
| 928 | 17805473 | Lack of association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma 2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Qatari consanguineous population. |
| 929 | 17805473 | Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that serves as a master regulator for adipocytes-specific genes contributing to adipocytes differentiation, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. |
| 930 | 17805473 | The substitution of proline to alanine at codon 12 of the PPAR gamma 2 gene (Pro12Ala polymorphism) is most widely studied, and the associations with diabetes, obesity, and other clinical parameters have been reported and discussed in several ethnic groups. |
| 931 | 17805473 | The aim of this study was to estimate the allele frequency of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qatari population and investigate the association between this polymorphism and obesity or type 2 diabetes. |
| 932 | 17805473 | The allele frequency of Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qataris is lower than that in many Caucasian ethnic groups. |
| 933 | 17805473 | In this study, no association is seen between the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene and the type 2 diabetes in Qatar. |
| 934 | 17805473 | Lack of association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma 2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Qatari consanguineous population. |
| 935 | 17805473 | Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that serves as a master regulator for adipocytes-specific genes contributing to adipocytes differentiation, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. |
| 936 | 17805473 | The substitution of proline to alanine at codon 12 of the PPAR gamma 2 gene (Pro12Ala polymorphism) is most widely studied, and the associations with diabetes, obesity, and other clinical parameters have been reported and discussed in several ethnic groups. |
| 937 | 17805473 | The aim of this study was to estimate the allele frequency of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qatari population and investigate the association between this polymorphism and obesity or type 2 diabetes. |
| 938 | 17805473 | The allele frequency of Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qataris is lower than that in many Caucasian ethnic groups. |
| 939 | 17805473 | In this study, no association is seen between the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene and the type 2 diabetes in Qatar. |
| 940 | 17805473 | Lack of association between the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-gamma 2 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Qatari consanguineous population. |
| 941 | 17805473 | Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that serves as a master regulator for adipocytes-specific genes contributing to adipocytes differentiation, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism. |
| 942 | 17805473 | The substitution of proline to alanine at codon 12 of the PPAR gamma 2 gene (Pro12Ala polymorphism) is most widely studied, and the associations with diabetes, obesity, and other clinical parameters have been reported and discussed in several ethnic groups. |
| 943 | 17805473 | The aim of this study was to estimate the allele frequency of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qatari population and investigate the association between this polymorphism and obesity or type 2 diabetes. |
| 944 | 17805473 | The allele frequency of Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene among Qataris is lower than that in many Caucasian ethnic groups. |
| 945 | 17805473 | In this study, no association is seen between the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma 2 gene and the type 2 diabetes in Qatar. |
| 946 | 17920254 | Heterogeneous effects of gene polymorphism on type 2 diabetes risk: lesson from the PPAR gamma 2 Pro12Ala. |
| 947 | 17941898 | Genetic polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 2 Pro12Ala on ethnic susceptibility to diabetes in Uygur, Kazak and Han subjects. |
| 948 | 17941898 | These data suggest that PPAR-g Pro12Ala may affect blood lipid levels and the abdominal fat storage of diabetic Ugyurs and Kazaks and may be associated with fat storage and insulin resistance in Hans. |
| 949 | 17985660 | Previous studies have sought to associate the Pro12Ala variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARG2) gene with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity, with controversial results. |
| 950 | 17990392 | Mutation in PRKAG2 encoding the gamma2 subunit of the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) cause human cardiomyopathy characterized by hypertrophy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, conduction system disease and glycogen storage in the myocardium. |
| 951 | 17990392 | Upstream kinases which phosphorylate Thr172 on the catalytic subunit activate the enzyme during exercise, ischemia, in response to sympathetic stimulation and hormones such as leptin and adiponectin. |
| 952 | 17990392 | Human mutations which disrupt the nucleotide-binding affinity of the gamma2 subunit lead to loss of inhibition by ATP and inappropriate activate AMPK under resting conditions. |
| 953 | 17990392 | Mutation in PRKAG2 encoding the gamma2 subunit of the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) cause human cardiomyopathy characterized by hypertrophy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, conduction system disease and glycogen storage in the myocardium. |
| 954 | 17990392 | Upstream kinases which phosphorylate Thr172 on the catalytic subunit activate the enzyme during exercise, ischemia, in response to sympathetic stimulation and hormones such as leptin and adiponectin. |
| 955 | 17990392 | Human mutations which disrupt the nucleotide-binding affinity of the gamma2 subunit lead to loss of inhibition by ATP and inappropriate activate AMPK under resting conditions. |
| 956 | 18196945 | Candidate genes for type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome have been focused upon and we report on interactions between polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma-2, plasma cell glycoprotein (PC-1) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) genes and - prenatal growth in relation to adult health outcomes. |
| 957 | 18467141 | The PPAR gamma 2 Pro12Ala variant predicts ESRD and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. |
| 958 | 18683148 | [Association of the Pro12Ala and C1431T polymorphism of the PPAR gamma2 gene and their haplotypes with obesity and type 2 diabetes]. |
| 959 | 18836859 | Human PPAR-gamma exists in two protein isoforms, hPPAR-gamma(1) and -gamma(2), with different lengths of the N-terminal. |
| 960 | 18836859 | The hPPAR-gamma(2) isoform is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, whereas hPPAR-gamma(1) is relatively widely expressed. |
| 961 | 18836859 | Human PPAR-gamma exists in two protein isoforms, hPPAR-gamma(1) and -gamma(2), with different lengths of the N-terminal. |
| 962 | 18836859 | The hPPAR-gamma(2) isoform is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, whereas hPPAR-gamma(1) is relatively widely expressed. |
| 963 | 19196804 | Role of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the decreased osteoblast function in diabetes-related osteopenia. |
| 964 | 19196804 | We examined here whether diabetes-associated changes in osteoblast phenotype might in part result from a decrease in PTH-related protein (PTHrP). |
| 965 | 19196804 | These skeletal alterations were associated with decreased gene expression (by real-time PCR) of Runx2, osterix, osteocalcin, PTHrP, the PTH type 1 receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, and osteoprotegerin to receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand mRNA ratio, and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 mRNA levels. |
| 966 | 19239414 | The tumour suppressor LKB1 is the major regulator of AMPK activity, but additional upstream kinases and protein phosphatases also contribute. |
| 967 | 19239414 | Mutations in the regulatory gamma2 subunit of AMPK lead to an inherited syndrome of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ventricular pre-excitation, which appears to be due to intracellular glycogen accumulation. |
| 968 | 19720797 | Impact of the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and ACE inhibitor therapy on new-onset microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes: evidence from BENEDICT. |
| 969 | 19733160 | Gender-specific effect of Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 gene on obesity risk and leptin levels in a Tunisian population. |
| 970 | 19768241 | The main interactions among genetic polymorphisms and diet were: for obesity: interleukin-6 (IL-6) with daily intake; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-gama2) and fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) with fat intake; beta-adrenergic receptor 2 (ADRB2) and melanocortin receptor 4 (MCR4) with carbohydrate intake; or reduction in body weight: uncoupling proteins (UCPs) with restriction of energy; for leptinemia: leptin receptor (LEPR) with restriction of energy; for diabetes mellitus: PPAR-gama2 with fat intake; for hypertriglyceridemia: fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) with fat intake. |
| 971 | 19828126 | Our previous data suggested the involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) and cathepsin F (CTSF) in the basement membrane and integrin changes occurring in diabetic corneas. |
| 972 | 19828126 | These markers were now examined in normal human organ-cultured corneas upon recombinant adenovirus (rAV)-driven transduction of MMP-10 and CTSF genes. |
| 973 | 19828126 | One cornea of each pair was transduced with rAV expressing either CTSF or MMP-10 genes. 1-2 x 10(8) plaque forming units of rAV per cornea were added to cultures for 48 h with or without sildenafil citrate. |
| 974 | 19828126 | Corneas transduced with CTSF or MMP-10 genes or their combination had increased epithelial immunostaining of respective proteins compared to fellow control corneas. |
| 975 | 19828126 | Staining for diabetic markers integrin alpha(3)beta(1), nidogen-1, nidogen-2, and laminin gamma2 chain became weaker and irregular upon proteinase transduction. |
| 976 | 19828126 | The data suggest that MMP-10 and CTSF may be responsible for abnormal marker patterns and impaired wound healing in diabetic corneas. |
| 977 | 19846173 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARG2) is a nuclear hormone receptor of ligand-dependent transcription factor involved in adipogenesis and a molecular target of the insulin sensitizers thiazolidinediones. |
| 978 | 20162504 | Compared to saline, cats infused with lipids had 50% higher plasma adiponectin and 2-3 times higher alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. |
| 979 | 20162504 | Unexpectedly, lipid-infused cats had increased glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) mRNA in the visceral fat, and increased peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARgamma2) in subcutaneous fat; adiponectin expression was not affected in any tissue. |
| 980 | 20162504 | Increased circulating adiponectin may have contributed to prevent insulin resistance, possibly by increasing GLUT4 and PPARgamma2 transcripts in fat depots. |
| 981 | 20478996 | During early adipogenesis, we find transient enrichment of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPbeta), p300, mediator subunit 1, and histone H3 acetylation near genes involved in cell proliferation, development, and differentiation, including the gene encoding the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2). |
| 982 | 20486779 | Overexpression of miR-138 in hAD-MSCs could effectively reduce lipid droplets accumulation, inhibit expression of key adipogenic transcription factors cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT) enhancer binding protein alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 as well as several other adipogenic marker genes, such as fatty acid binding protein 4 and lipoprotein lipase. |
| 983 | 20486779 | Further studies showed that the expression of adenovirus early region 1-A-like inhibitor of differentiation 1 (EID-1), a nuclear receptor coregulator, was inversely correlated with that of miR-138 when hAD-MSCs were differentiated into adipocytes. |
| 984 | 20486779 | Knockdown of EID-1 by RNA interference inhibited adipocyte differentiation of hAD-MSCs. |
| 985 | 20486779 | In addition, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-138 directly targeted the 3' untranslated region of EID-1, implying that the negative role of miR-138 in the adipocyte differentiation of hAD-MSCs is at least partially mediated via repressing EID-1. |
| 986 | 21528816 | PPAR-gamma2 pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with post-challenge abnormalities of glucose homeostasis in children and adolescents with obesity. |
| 987 | 22511336 | Potential anti-diabetic mechanisms were investigated with blood glucose, serum insulin, serum adiponectin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glucose tolerance, insulin secretion assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. |
| 988 | 22511336 | Compared with the control group, the FGE group had lower levels of blood glucose after 6 and 9 h fasting, HbA1c, and the area under the curve in an oral glucose tolerance test and higher levels of adiponectin and serum insulin (p < 0.05). |
| 989 | 22511336 | The FGE group had higher levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 and glucose transporter protein 2 mRNAs, a lower level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.05), and less lymphocytes in pancreas than the control group had. |
| 990 | 22773754 | We generated a murine model, the POKO mouse, obtained by crossing the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) knockout (KO) mouse into a genetically obese ob/ob background. |
| 991 | 22773754 | Similar to ob/ob mice, at 4 weeks of age these animals exhibited an increased urinary albumin:creatinine ratio and significantly increased blood pressure, but in contrast showed a significant increase in the renal hypertrophy index and an associated increase in p27(Kip1) expression compared with their obese littermates. |
| 992 | 22773754 | Moreover, at 4 weeks of age POKO mice showed insulin resistance, an alteration of lipid metabolism and glomeruli damage associated with increased transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expression. |
| 993 | 23091851 | [Pharmacogenetic features of the effect of metformin in patients with coronary heart disease in the presence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of PPAR-gamma2 gene polymorphism]. |