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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
28722118
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In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that loss of AT2 R was associated with elevated NADPH oxidase 4 levels, which in turn stimulated ectopic hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) gene expression in podocytes.
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2 |
28722118
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Consequently, ectopic Hhip expression activation either triggers caspase-3 and p53-related apoptotic processes resulting in podocyte loss, or activates TGFβ1-Smad2/3 cascades and α-SMA expression to transform differentiated podocytes to undifferentiated podocyte-derived fibrotic cells.
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3 |
28722118
|
In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that loss of AT2 R was associated with elevated NADPH oxidase 4 levels, which in turn stimulated ectopic hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) gene expression in podocytes.
|
4 |
28722118
|
Consequently, ectopic Hhip expression activation either triggers caspase-3 and p53-related apoptotic processes resulting in podocyte loss, or activates TGFβ1-Smad2/3 cascades and α-SMA expression to transform differentiated podocytes to undifferentiated podocyte-derived fibrotic cells.
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5 |
29654303
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Hyperglycemia enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) activation and stimulates renal Hhip gene expression, and that elevated renal Hhip gene expression subsequently activates the TGFβ1- Smad2/3 cascade and promotes endothelial to mesenchymal transition associated with endothelial cell fibrosis/apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.
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6 |
29654303
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Furthermore, kidneys of low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic heterozygous Hhip deficient (Hhip+/-) mice displayed a normal albumin/creatinine ratio with fewer features of DN (glomerulosclerosis/fibrosis and podocyte apoptosis/loss) and less evidence of renal compensation (glomerular hypertrophy and hyperfiltration) as compared to diabetic wild type controls (Hhip+/+).
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7 |
29654303
|
Hyperglycemia enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) activation and stimulates renal Hhip gene expression, and that elevated renal Hhip gene expression subsequently activates the TGFβ1- Smad2/3 cascade and promotes endothelial to mesenchymal transition associated with endothelial cell fibrosis/apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.
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8 |
29654303
|
Furthermore, kidneys of low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic heterozygous Hhip deficient (Hhip+/-) mice displayed a normal albumin/creatinine ratio with fewer features of DN (glomerulosclerosis/fibrosis and podocyte apoptosis/loss) and less evidence of renal compensation (glomerular hypertrophy and hyperfiltration) as compared to diabetic wild type controls (Hhip+/+).
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