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35135431
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Immunohistochemical evaluation was performed using the following markers: cleaved caspase 3, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
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2 |
34925317
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Mechanistically, pretreatment with HPS effectively regulated macrophage polarization by shifting proinflammatory M1 macrophages (F4/80+CD11b+CD86+) to anti-inflammatory M2 ones (F4/80+CD11b+CD206+) in vivo and in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) in vitro, resulting in the inhibition of renal proinflammatory macrophage infiltration and the reduction in expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) while increasing expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine Arg-1 and CD163/CD206 surface molecules.
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3 |
34925317
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Unexpectedly, pretreatment with HPS suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation in a coculture model of IL-4-induced M2 macrophages and splenic CD4+ T cells while promoting their differentiation into CD4+IL-4+ Th2 and CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells.
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4 |
33414130
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The present study evaluated the hypothesis that knockout (KO) of Add3 impairs the renal vasoconstrictor response to the blockade of nitric oxide synthase and enhances hypertension-induced renal injury after chronic administration of L-NAME plus a high-salt diet.
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5 |
33414130
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The acute hemodynamic effect of L-NAME and its chronic effects on hypertension and renal injury were compared in FHH 1Brown Norway (FHH 1BN) congenic rats (WT) expressing wild-type Add3 gene versus FHH 1BN Add3 KO rats.
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6 |
33414130
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Hypertensive Add3 KO rats exhibited greater loss of podocytes and glomerular nephrin expression and increased interstitial fibrosis than in WT rats.
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32908940
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The present study explored the effects of Tha on mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase- (Arg-) 1 in HG-activated macrophages. iNOS and TNF-α are established as markers of classically activated macrophage (M1).
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32908940
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The present study explored the effects of Tha on mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase- (Arg-) 1 in HG-activated macrophages. iNOS and TNF-α are established as markers of classically activated macrophage (M1).
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32908940
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The present study explored the effects of Tha on mRNA and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, mannose receptor (CD206), and arginase- (Arg-) 1 in HG-activated macrophages. iNOS and TNF-α are established as markers of classically activated macrophage (M1).
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32908940
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CD206 and Arg-1 are regarded as markers of alternatively activated macrophages (M2).
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32908940
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CD206 and Arg-1 are regarded as markers of alternatively activated macrophages (M2).
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12 |
32908940
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CD206 and Arg-1 are regarded as markers of alternatively activated macrophages (M2).
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13 |
32908940
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TNF-α and interleukin- (IL-) 1β levels as well as protein expressions of nephrin and podocin in HG, (HG) MS, and (Tha) MS-cultured podocytes were evaluated.
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32908940
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TNF-α and interleukin- (IL-) 1β levels as well as protein expressions of nephrin and podocin in HG, (HG) MS, and (Tha) MS-cultured podocytes were evaluated.
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15 |
32908940
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TNF-α and interleukin- (IL-) 1β levels as well as protein expressions of nephrin and podocin in HG, (HG) MS, and (Tha) MS-cultured podocytes were evaluated.
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16 |
32908940
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The results showed that compared to the 11.1 mM normal glucose (NG), the 33.3 mM HG-cultured RAW 264.7 cells exhibited upregulated iNOS and TNF-α mRNAs and protein expressions, and downregulated CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly (p < 0.05).
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32908940
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The results showed that compared to the 11.1 mM normal glucose (NG), the 33.3 mM HG-cultured RAW 264.7 cells exhibited upregulated iNOS and TNF-α mRNAs and protein expressions, and downregulated CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly (p < 0.05).
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32908940
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The results showed that compared to the 11.1 mM normal glucose (NG), the 33.3 mM HG-cultured RAW 264.7 cells exhibited upregulated iNOS and TNF-α mRNAs and protein expressions, and downregulated CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly (p < 0.05).
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32908940
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Tha 200 μg/ml suppressed iNOS and TNF-α, and promoted CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly compared to the HG group (p < 0.05).
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20 |
32908940
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Tha 200 μg/ml suppressed iNOS and TNF-α, and promoted CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly compared to the HG group (p < 0.05).
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21 |
32908940
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Tha 200 μg/ml suppressed iNOS and TNF-α, and promoted CD206 and Arg-1 expressions significantly compared to the HG group (p < 0.05).
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22 |
32908940
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Furthermore, (HG) MS-treated podocytes showed an increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and a downregulation in nephrin and podocin expression significantly compared to NG-treated and HG-treated podocytes (p < 0.05).
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23 |
32908940
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Furthermore, (HG) MS-treated podocytes showed an increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and a downregulation in nephrin and podocin expression significantly compared to NG-treated and HG-treated podocytes (p < 0.05).
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24 |
32908940
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Furthermore, (HG) MS-treated podocytes showed an increase in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and a downregulation in nephrin and podocin expression significantly compared to NG-treated and HG-treated podocytes (p < 0.05).
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25 |
32908940
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The (Tha 200 μg/ml) MS group exhibited a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β level, and an upregulation in nephrin and podocin expressions significantly compared to the (HG) MS group (p < 0.05).
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26 |
32908940
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The (Tha 200 μg/ml) MS group exhibited a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β level, and an upregulation in nephrin and podocin expressions significantly compared to the (HG) MS group (p < 0.05).
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27 |
32908940
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The (Tha 200 μg/ml) MS group exhibited a decrease in TNF-α and IL-1β level, and an upregulation in nephrin and podocin expressions significantly compared to the (HG) MS group (p < 0.05).
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28 |
32908940
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Our research confirmed that HG-activated macrophage differentiation aggravates HG-induced podocyte injury in vitro and the protective effects of Tha might be related to its actions on TNF-α and IL-1β levels via its modulation on M1/M2 differentiation.
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29 |
32908940
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Our research confirmed that HG-activated macrophage differentiation aggravates HG-induced podocyte injury in vitro and the protective effects of Tha might be related to its actions on TNF-α and IL-1β levels via its modulation on M1/M2 differentiation.
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30 |
32908940
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Our research confirmed that HG-activated macrophage differentiation aggravates HG-induced podocyte injury in vitro and the protective effects of Tha might be related to its actions on TNF-α and IL-1β levels via its modulation on M1/M2 differentiation.
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31 |
31502757
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By 72 hr after IR procedure, the circulatory levels of creatinine, blood urine nitrogen and inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin [IL]-6/tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), and ratio of urine protein to urine creatinine were significantly higher in Group 3 than in other groups and significantly higher in Group 4 than in Groups 1 and 2, but they showed no different between Groups 1 and 2 (all p < .001).
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32 |
31502757
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The microscopic findings showed that the expressions of kidney injury score, cellular inflammation (MMP-9/CD14//F4/80), and fibrotic area were identical to the circulatory inflammation, whereas the integrity of podocyte components (ZO-1/synaptopodin/podocin) exhibited an opposite to circulatory inflammation among the four groups (all p < .0001).
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33 |
31502757
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The protein expressions of inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-1ß/NF-κB/iNOS/TRAF6/MyD88/TLR-4), apoptotic/cell death (mitochondrial Bax/cleaved caspase-3/p-53), oxidized protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase family (p-38/p-JNK/p-c-JUN), and mitochondrial-damaged biomarkers displayed a similar pattern, whereas the antiapoptotic (Bcl-2/Bcl-XL) and integrity of mitochondrial biomarkers followed an opposite trend to circulatory inflammation among the four groups (all p < .001).
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34 |
31115579
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In the rat model of DN, injured podocytes were represented by the decreased protein expression levels of Nephrin and Sirt6, and by an increased Desmin expression.
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35 |
31115579
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Additionally, the M1 phenotype transformation of macrophages was evidenced by the increased expression levels of CD86, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and by the decreased expression levels of CD206, Sirt6, interleukin (IL)‑4 and IL‑10.
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36 |
31115579
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These protective effects were evidenced by the inhibition of apoptosis, the upregulation of the expression levels of Bcl‑2 and CD206, as well as by the decreased expression levels of Bax and CD86.
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37 |
29923438
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This was accompanied by a marked reduction in markers of inflammation (CCL2, TNF-α, NOS2, MMP-12).
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38 |
28337255
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The kidney protein expressions of inflammation (TNF-α/NF-κB/MMP-9/iNOS/RANTES), oxidative stress (NOX-1/NOX-2/NOX-4/oxidized protein), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3/cleaved PARP/Bax), DNA-damaged marker (γ-H2AX) and fibrosis (p-mad3/TFG-β) showed identical patterns of creatinine level, whereas kidney protein expressions of GLP-1R showed a progressive increase from SC to CRS-Mel-Ex4 (all P<0.0001).
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39 |
28337255
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Cellular expressions of inflammatory (CD14/CD68), DNA/kidney-damaged (γ-H2AX/KIM-1) and podocyte/renal tubule dysfunction signaling (β-catenin/Wnt1/Wnt4) biomarkers in kidney tissue exhibited an identical pattern of creatinine level (all P<0.0001).
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40 |
28211114
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The old rats exhibited a dysregulation of the expression of proteins related to oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys, and MLB administration significantly reduced the protein expression of major subunits of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox4 and p22phox ), phospho-p38, nuclear factor-kappa B p65, cyclooxygenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase.
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41 |
28211114
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In addition, MLB-treated old rats showed lower levels of senescence-related proteins such as p16, ADP-ribosylation factor 6, p53, and p21 through effects on the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
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42 |
27815317
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Cultured macrophages with COX-2 deletion exhibited an M1 phenotype, as demonstrated by higher inducible nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor-κB levels but lower interleukin-4 receptor-α levels.
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43 |
27037275
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The protein expressions of inflammatory (toll-like receptor 4, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β), apoptotic (mitochondrial Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53), podocyte integrity (E-cadherin, P-cadherin), and cell survival (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin) biomarkers, as well the podocyte dysfunction biomarkers (Wnt1/Wnt4/β-catenin) displayed a pattern identical to that of creatinine level among the five groups (all p < 0.001).
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44 |
27037275
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Microscopic findings demonstrated that podocyte dysfunction (Wnt1/Wnt4/β-catenin expression) and inflammatory (CD14 and F4/80-positively stained cells) biomarkers exhibited an identical pattern, whereas that of antioxidant (HO-1(+), NQO-1(+) cells) biomarkers showed an opposite pattern compared to that of creatinine level among the five groups (all p < 0.001).
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45 |
26936435
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As compared with the controls, DM rats exhibited reduced serum levels of high density lipoprotein, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased renal mRNA expression levels of synaptopodin, connexin 43 and erythropoietin (EPO), which were further suppressed by NC and restored to normal levels by curcumin treatment.
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46 |
26936435
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Additionally, DM rats exhibited increases in their lipid profiles (cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipids), oxidative markers (malondialdehyde, γ‑glutamyltranspeptidase and nitric oxide), kidney function markers (urea and creatinine) and the mRNA expression levels of vimentin, desmin, SREBP‑1, iNOS and TGF‑β1.
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47 |
26569027
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Results showed that, in the presence of mild proteinuria, the renal cortex from fructose-fed rats exhibited fibrosis and decreases in nephrin, synaptopodin, and WT1, all indicators of podocyte function in association with: (i) increased markers of oxidative stress; (ii) modifications in the determinants of NO bioavailability, i.e., NO synthase (NOS) activity and expression; and (iii) development of a pro-inflammatory condition, manifested as NF-κB activation, and associated with high expression of TNFα, iNOS, and IL-6.
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48 |
26300505
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We include basic anatomical, pathophysiological and clinical concepts, with special attention to the role of angiogenic factors such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and their relationship to the insulin receptor, endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and angiopoietins.
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49 |
26300505
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Greater in-depth study of VEGF-A and angiopoietins, the state of glomerular VEGF resistance, the relationship of VEGF receptor 2/nephrin, VEGF/insulin receptors/nephrin and the relationship of VEGF/eNOS-NO at glomerular level could provide solutions to the pressing world problem of DN and generate new treatment alternatives.
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50 |
25765888
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Lipopolysaccharide induces inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent podocyte dysfunction via a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and cell division control protein 42 and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pathway.
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51 |
25765888
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Lipopolysaccharide induces inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent podocyte dysfunction via a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and cell division control protein 42 and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pathway.
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52 |
25765888
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Lipopolysaccharide induces inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent podocyte dysfunction via a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and cell division control protein 42 and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pathway.
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53 |
25765888
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Conditionally immortalized podocytes were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (SO), or peroxynitrite donors in the presence or absence of inhibitors of iNOS, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), or with sepiapterin to increase coupling of iNOS homodimers.
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54 |
25765888
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Conditionally immortalized podocytes were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (SO), or peroxynitrite donors in the presence or absence of inhibitors of iNOS, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), or with sepiapterin to increase coupling of iNOS homodimers.
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55 |
25765888
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Conditionally immortalized podocytes were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nitric oxide (NO), superoxide (SO), or peroxynitrite donors in the presence or absence of inhibitors of iNOS, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase or monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), or with sepiapterin to increase coupling of iNOS homodimers.
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56 |
25765888
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NO probably induces this phenotype via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and cell division control protein 42 and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pathways.
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57 |
25765888
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NO probably induces this phenotype via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and cell division control protein 42 and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pathways.
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58 |
25765888
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NO probably induces this phenotype via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and cell division control protein 42 and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 pathways.
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59 |
25765888
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With LPS stimulation, neither SO nor peroxynitrite produced by uncoupled iNOS or NADPH oxidase nor MCP-1 was sufficient to induce the full phenotype.
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60 |
25765888
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With LPS stimulation, neither SO nor peroxynitrite produced by uncoupled iNOS or NADPH oxidase nor MCP-1 was sufficient to induce the full phenotype.
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61 |
25765888
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With LPS stimulation, neither SO nor peroxynitrite produced by uncoupled iNOS or NADPH oxidase nor MCP-1 was sufficient to induce the full phenotype.
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62 |
25752605
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N(ω)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]-quinoxalin-1-one, inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) and soluble guanylyl cyclase, respectively, abolished tadalafil induction of H2S and AMPK phosphorylation.
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63 |
25752605
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N(ω)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]-quinoxalin-1-one, inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) and soluble guanylyl cyclase, respectively, abolished tadalafil induction of H2S and AMPK phosphorylation.
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64 |
25752605
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Tadalafil rapidly augmented inducible NOS (iNOS) expression by increasing its mRNA, and siRNA for iNOS and 1400W, an iNOS blocker, inhibited tadalafil stimulation of CSE expression and AMPK phosphorylation.
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65 |
25752605
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Tadalafil rapidly augmented inducible NOS (iNOS) expression by increasing its mRNA, and siRNA for iNOS and 1400W, an iNOS blocker, inhibited tadalafil stimulation of CSE expression and AMPK phosphorylation.
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66 |
25572918
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This study was aimed to evaluate the protective roles of VPA on HDAC-mediated NF-κB/iNOS signaling and autophagy in DN.
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67 |
25188527
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Calcitriol, a bioactive 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, ameliorated proteinuria and renal damage as well as reversed the decline of both nephrin and podocin, crucial structural proteins in podocytes.
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68 |
25188527
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Interestingly, calcitriol promoted M2 macrophage activation with enhanced expression of CD163, arginase-1, and mannose receptor at week 18 but not at week 8 or 14.
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69 |
25188527
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The ratio of CD163 to CD68, considered as the proportion of M2 macrophages, was about 2.9-fold higher at week 18 after calcitriol treatment.
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70 |
25188527
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Furthermore, the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, a crucial marker of M1 macrophages, was negatively correlated with the expression of either nephrin or podocin, whereas CD163, indicating M2 macrophages, was positively correlated.
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71 |
24724807
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Folic acid (FA) improves nitric oxide synthase (NOS) function and reduces progression of diabetic nephropathy in animal models.
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72 |
24700867
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Suppression of kidney leukocyte accumulation in MyMRKO mice correlated with reductions in gene expression of proinflammatory molecules (TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, matrix metalloproteinase-12), tubular damage, and renal fibrosis and was similar in EPL-treated mice.
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73 |
23760291
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Low nitric oxide bioavailability upregulates renal heparin binding EGF-like growth factor expression.
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74 |
23760291
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Here, we found that heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) expression levels increased in the kidneys of both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-knockout and eNOS-knockout diabetic (Lepr(db/db)) mice as early as at 8 weeks of age.
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75 |
23760291
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In cultured glomerular endothelial cells, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or L-N5-(1-iminoethyl) ornithine increased HB-EGF protein expression.
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76 |
23760291
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On the other hand, replenishing nitric oxide with sodium nitrate in eNOS-knockout diabetic mice reduced urinary HB-EGF excretion and inhibited the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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77 |
23760291
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Furthermore, specific deletion of HB-EGF expression in the endothelium attenuated renal injury in diabetic eNOS-knockout mice.
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78 |
23760291
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Thus, our results suggest that decreased nitric oxide bioavailability leads to increased HB-EGF expression, which may be an important mediator of the resulting progressive diabetic nephropathy in eNOS-knockout diabetic mice.
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79 |
21519331
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This study examined whether inhibition of the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor (known as c-fms), which is selectively expressed by monocyte/macrophages, can eliminate the macrophage infiltrate in a rat model of crescentic anti-GBM glomerulonephritis.
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80 |
21519331
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In addition, fms-I treatment downregulated the glomerular expression of pro-inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, NOS2, MMP-12, CCL2 and IL-12) on days 1 and 5, suggesting a suppression of the macrophage M1-type response.
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81 |
20962742
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This effect was associated with a significant increase of renal CD11b+/Ly6C(hi) macrophages, intrarenal production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin-12, and CXCL10, and loss of podocytes.
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82 |
19710627
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There was robust induction of interleukin (IL)-6, along with MMP-3, -9, -10, and -14, but not MMP-2 or -12 by increased strain.
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83 |
19710627
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Neutralizing antibodies against IL-6 attenuated the strain-mediated induction of MMP-3 and -10.
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84 |
19710627
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Alport mice treated with a general inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (L-NAME) developed significant hypertension and increased IL-6 and MMP-3 and -10 in their glomeruli relative to those of normotensive Alport mice.
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85 |
18607348
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An elevation of podocyte VEGF expression correlated with infiltration of Flt-1-positive macrophage in injured glomeruli in diabetic eNOS KO mice, suggesting that VEGF could contribute to macrophage migration.
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86 |
18607348
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Neither renal nNOS nor iNOS expression was altered in both C57BL/6 and eNOS KO mice.
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87 |
15292046
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Rapid upregulation of mRNA for IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, heme oxygenase-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase was observed within 3 h after transplantation in the control grafts of air-exposed recipients, associating with histopathological evidences of acute tubular necrosis, interstitial hemorrhage, and edema.
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88 |
11971212
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Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated diabetic rat glomeruli: effect of ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker.
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89 |
11971212
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Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated diabetic rat glomeruli: effect of ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker.
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90 |
11971212
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Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated diabetic rat glomeruli: effect of ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker.
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91 |
11971212
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The present study was designed to examine whether the iNOS pathway is pathologically altered in experimental diabetic nephropathy, and whether therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (imidapril: I) or angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1) blocker (L-158,809: L), ameliorates these changes.
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92 |
11971212
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The present study was designed to examine whether the iNOS pathway is pathologically altered in experimental diabetic nephropathy, and whether therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (imidapril: I) or angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1) blocker (L-158,809: L), ameliorates these changes.
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93 |
11971212
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The present study was designed to examine whether the iNOS pathway is pathologically altered in experimental diabetic nephropathy, and whether therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (imidapril: I) or angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1) blocker (L-158,809: L), ameliorates these changes.
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94 |
11971212
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In conclusion, LPS-stimulated glomerular iNOS expression was enhanced in diabetic pnephropathy, and the activation of angiotensin II may play a role in this enhancement.
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95 |
11971212
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In conclusion, LPS-stimulated glomerular iNOS expression was enhanced in diabetic pnephropathy, and the activation of angiotensin II may play a role in this enhancement.
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96 |
11971212
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In conclusion, LPS-stimulated glomerular iNOS expression was enhanced in diabetic pnephropathy, and the activation of angiotensin II may play a role in this enhancement.
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