Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: CSF2

Gene name: colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)

HGNC ID: 2434

Synonyms: GM-CSF, GMCSF

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ACPP	1 hits
2	CCL19	1 hits
3	CCL21	1 hits
4	CD14	1 hits
5	CD4	1 hits
6	CD40	1 hits
7	CD69	1 hits
8	CD80	1 hits
9	CD83	1 hits
10	CD86	1 hits
11	CD8A	1 hits
12	CD9	1 hits
13	CEACAM5	1 hits
14	CIITA	1 hits
15	CSF3	1 hits
16	CTLA4	1 hits
17	EGF	1 hits
18	ERBB2	1 hits
19	FASLG	1 hits
20	FCGR3A	1 hits
21	FGF2	1 hits
22	FLT3	1 hits
23	GZMB	1 hits
24	HLA-A	1 hits
25	HSP90B1	1 hits
26	IFNA1	1 hits
27	IFNG	1 hits
28	IGH	1 hits
29	IL10	1 hits
30	IL12A	1 hits
31	IL2	1 hits
32	IL2RA	1 hits
33	IL3	1 hits
34	IL4	1 hits
35	IL5	1 hits
36	IL6	1 hits
37	IL7	1 hits
38	IL8	1 hits
39	ITGAM	1 hits
40	KIT	1 hits
41	KITLG	1 hits
42	MAGEA1	1 hits
43	P4HB	1 hits
44	PDIA6	1 hits
45	S100B	1 hits
46	SILV	1 hits
47	SPANXA1	1 hits
48	THPO	1 hits
49	TLR2	1 hits
50	TNF	1 hits
51	TNFRSF4	1 hits
52	TNFRSF9	1 hits
53	TRIM5	1 hits
54	TXNDC15	1 hits
55	TYR	1 hits
56	VHLL	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	8097319	Using a B16 melanoma model, in which irradiated tumor cells alone do not stimulate significant anti-tumor immunity, we found that irradiated tumor cells expressing murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulated potent, long-lasting, and specific anti-tumor immunity, requiring both CD4+ and CD8+ cells.
2	8288319	Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was produced in substantial amounts, but IL-3 production was minimal.
3	7875154	Interleukin-3 (IL-3) increases the cellularity of the bone marrow and GM-CSF can induce mobilization of bone marrow cells into the peripheral blood.
4	8665571	Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect.
5	9367025	Both IL-4 and GM-CSF cytokines were effective in enhancing the antitumor reactivity of vaccine-primed LN cells compared to IL-2, which was ineffective.
6	10641571	We hypothesized that intradermal (i.d.) injection of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) would recruit DCs into melanoma skin metastases and enhance autologous melanoma antigen presentation to host T cells.
7	10811863	Further engineering of DCs to express either GM-CSF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, or CD40 ligand via retroviral-mediated gene transfer, led to a significantly increased therapeutic effect in the subcutaneous tumor model.
8	11177563	Autologous tumor cells were simultaneously transfected with novel minimalistic, immunogenically defined, gene expression constructs (MIDGE) for overexpression of the two cytokines interleukin 7 (IL-7) and GM-CSF and newly designed double stem-loop immunomodulating oligodeoxyribonucleotides (d-SLIM) as a Th1-promoting and NK cell-stimulating adjuvant.
9	11196163	The coadministration of recombinant avipox viruses expressing CEA and GM-CSF significantly enhanced CEA-specific host immunity with an accompanying immunotherapeutic response in tumor-bearing CEA.Tg mice.
10	11267967	These findings show that SLC, ELC and SDF-1alpha enhance anti-tumor immunity both systemically and locally and that these chemokines may be clinically useful, especially when combined with IL-2 and GM-CSF.
11	11418309	One approach is to genetically manipulate tumor cells to either secrete lymphokines (GM-CSF, IL-12, IL-15) or express membrane bound molecules (CD80, CD86).
12	11431420	GM-CSF, IL-12 and TNF-alpha also synergize for the enhanced induction of CTL; however, adoptive transfer of a CD8(+) CTL line afforded only partial protection in this viral challenge model.
13	11739689	IL-12 induced the greatest increase in IFN-gamma and immunoglobulin G responses to Nef, and GM-CSF induced the strongest IFN-gamma and CTL responses to Env.
14	11818167	However, both GM-CSF co-expressing DNA vaccines and co-inoculation with plasmids encoding the cytokine or antigen enhanced the generation antigen-specific IFN-gamma and IL-6 responses.
15	11916244	GM-CSF vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well.
16	11948375	One vaccine was based on a plasmid expression vector and the other was a recombinant vaccinia virus; both vaccines expressed a polypeptide derived from the complementarity-determining regions (CDR(2)-CDR(3)) of the leukemic clone-specific immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH), as a fusion product with mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (mGM-CSF).
17	12668155	Functional abolishment of any one of these cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, GMCSF, TNF-alpha, or IFN-alpha, except IL-10) by neutralizing antibodies leads to reduced IFN-gamma production (19-82% inhibition in mouse and 44-77% inhibition in human systems, respectively).
18	12668155	In mice cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, and GMCSF are observed to synergize with BCG for IFN-gamma production, whereas in human cytokines IL-2, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-alpha exhibit similar synergistic effects.
19	12682236	Monocytes acquire immature DC characteristics by day 2 of culture with GM-CSF and IL-4; they down-regulate CD14, increase dextran uptake, and respond to the inflammatory chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha.
20	12922098	Co-injection of Hsp65 DNA with IL-12 or GM-CSF led to an increase in IFN-gamma production and represented potent protections against Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge, while that with Eta-1, IL-12 or IL-18 gene led to an elevated IgG2a/IgG1 ratio.
21	12928384	GM-CSF also increases expression of the costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40, but not the differentiation marker CD1a or CD16.
22	12928384	Expression of class II transactivator (CIITA) types I and III, but not IV, transcripts increases in response to GM-CSF.
23	12928384	Furthermore, GM-CSF increases the amount of CIITA associated with the DR promoter.
24	12946436	Retrovirus-transfected bone marrow cells cultured with GMCSF and IL-4 for 7 days demonstrated 70-80% of DCs with high CD11c, CD80, CD86, and MHC class I (I-Kd) expression.
25	14999431	The vaccine used mature DCs (CD1a+++, CD40++, CD80++, CD83+, and CD86+++) generated from peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4.
26	15254748	Either therapeutic procedures aiming at up-regulation of MHC class I expression, or enhancement of MHC class I-unrestricted (CD4+, NK, NKT, gammadelta T) tumour defence effector mechanisms by dendritic cell-based therapeutic vaccines, by cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IFNgamma, GM-CSF), or by the cytokine gene-based, genetically modified tumour vaccines should be considered.
27	15864589	In the present study, we analyze the features of type I IFNs DC generated in the presence of either IL-3 (IL-3-DC) or GM-CSF (GM-CSF-DC) and compare their capacity to respond to poly(I:C) and to subsequently trigger T-cell activation.
28	16115700	An additional 12 male Lewis rats served as controls with groups immunized with 1,500 microg of a parental DNA vector not encoding human PAP, and a group that received GM-CSF protein only without plasmid DNA.
29	16393983	Moreover, we demonstrate that OX40 expression is up-regulated on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells shortly after administration of a GM-CSF expressing vaccine.
30	16499575	We found that 24-h IFN-alpha co-culture of day 7 monocyte-derived DC generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 induces increased numbers of DC positive for CD54 and CD40 together with the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 but not the activation marker CD83.
31	16215718	The aim of this study was to determine the immunogenicity and antitumor activity of autologous, tumor-derived heat shock protein gp96-peptide complex vaccine (HSPPC-96; Oncophage given with GM-CSF and IFN-alpha in pre-treated metastatic (AJCC stage IV) melanoma patients.
32	17036333	We recently demonstrated that SPAN-Xb expression in myeloma cells is regulated through promoter methylation and could be upregulated by IL-7 and GM-CSF.
33	17082611	IL-12/GM-CSF treatment promoted a rapid up-regulation of CD43 and CD69 on CD8+ effector/memory T cells, augmented their ability to produce IFN-gamma, and restored granzyme B expression.
34	17499400	Increased expression (p< or =0.05) of CD25 on PBMC from ESAT-6:CFP10+GM-CSF+CD80/CD86 DNA vaccinates was associated with increased proliferation, as compared to control DNA vaccinates.
35	17557120	Here we show that GM-CSF is required for the expression of milk fat globule EGF 8 (MFG-E8) in antigen-presenting cells, and that MFG-E8-mediated uptake of apoptotic cells is a key determinant of GM-CSF-triggered tolerance and immunity.
36	17557120	Upon exposure to apoptotic cells, GM-CSF-deficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) produce an altered cytokine profile that results in decreased Tregs and increased Th1 cells, whereas concurrent ablation of IFN-gamma promotes Th17 cells.
37	17652387	While administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can induce the local recruitment of activated antigen-presenting cells at the site of vaccine inoculation, this cellular recruitment is associated with a paradoxical decrease in local vaccine antigen expression and vaccine-elicited CD8+ T-cell responses.
38	17652387	In fact, we found that coadministration of an anti-beta interferon monoclonal antibody with the plasmid DNA immunogen and plasmid GM-CSF restored both the local antigen expression and the CD8+ T-cell immunogenicity of the vaccine.
39	17803450	Twenty-four (24) pretreated patients with relapsed high-risk resected The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IIA-IV melanoma received adjuvant peptide vaccinations derived from the melanosomal antigens MelanA/MART1, MAGE-1, gp100, and tyrosinase, according to patient tumor-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restricted antigen expression, in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
40	18386791	Our data show that FasL-induced pathway triggers expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 beta, IL-6, MIP-2 and MCP-1, while GM-CSF-dependent pathway promotes functional maturation and activation of DCs.
41	18405363	To explore whether the targeting of antigens to GM-CSF receptors on antigen-presenting cells enhances antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses, fusion proteins of GM-CSF and ovalbumin (OVA) were expressed by DNA and adenoviral vector vaccines.
42	18405363	Suppression of CD8+ T cell responses by GM-OVA vaccines was associated with the induction of neutralizing antibodies to GM-CSF.
43	18405363	Since DNA prime adenoviral vector boost regimenes are presently considered as one of the most efficient ways to induce CD8+ T cell responses in mice, non-human primates and humans, further enhancement of this response by GM-CSF is a striking observation.
44	19008459	High titer antibodies to human PDI were similarly induced in an acute myeloid leukemia patient who achieved a complete response after vaccination with irradiated, autologous GM-CSF-secreting tumor cells in the setting of nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
45	19008459	Moreover, ERp5, a closely related disulfide isomerase involved in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related protein A (MICA) shedding, also evoked potent humoral reactions in diverse solid and hematologic malignancy patients who responded to GM-CSF-secreting tumor cell vaccines or antibody blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4).
46	19428907	Furthermore, the adjuvant effect of the GM-CSF-expressing vector (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) required the precise temporal and spatial codelivery of GM-CSF with antigen, thus, we constructed a bicistronic plasmid expressing MIC3 and GM-CSF.
47	19282460	Altogether, our results strongly suggest that although endogenous GM-CSF and IL-5 are not required to induce tumor immunity, signaling through betac receptor is critically needed for efficient cancer vaccination in both genetically modified GM-CSF-secreting tumor cells and a spontaneously immunogenic models.
48	19738077	Here we show that, like GM-CSF, the cytokine Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) expressed in B16 and coupled with CTLA-4 blockade promotes both prophylactic and therapeutic rejection of B16.
49	19902255	Importantly, SNPs in the TRIM5 gene coding regions, rs3740996 (His43Tyr) and rs10838525 (Gln136Arg), were associated with an allele dose-related secretion of rubella virus-specific TNF-alpha and IL-2/GM-CSF, respectively, and have been previously shown to have functional consequences regarding the antiviral activity and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.
50	19903780	One hundred twenty-one eligible patients with resected stage IIB to IV melanoma were vaccinated with 12 MHC class I-restricted melanoma peptides to stimulate CD8+ T cells plus a HLA-DR-restricted tetanus helper peptide to stimulate CD4+ T cells, emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, with or without 110 microg GM-CSF.
51	20346445	Subclinical doses of Paclitaxel (PTX) given 1day prior to a HER-2/neu (neu)-targeted, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting whole-cell vaccine enhances neu-specific T cell responses and slows neu(+) tumor growth in tolerized HER-2/neu (neu-N) mice.
52	20378136	In an in vivo experiment, the murine cytokines induced by VLPs of naked DNA vaccine showed that the Th1 indicators IL-2, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF, and the Th2 indicators IL-4 and IL-10 were increased.
53	20875102	The vaccine (IDD-3) consisted 8 doses of autologous monocyte-derived matured DC generated in serum-free medium with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), pulsed with lysates of three allogeneic melanoma cell lines, and matured with interferon gamma.
54	20920573	Initially at 4h, pro-inflammatory genes such as IL-1?, IL-1?, IL-8 and GRO were up-regulated (P<0.001) and these were then superseded by IFN-? and GM-CSF (at 12 and 20h) post-stimulation, ex vivo with PPD.
55	21106069	Both human and mouse HPCs were expanded first in feeder culture supplemented with c-Kit ligand (KL, stem cell factor, steel factor or CD117 ligand), Flt3 ligand (fms-like tyrosine kinase 3, Flt3L, FL), thrombopoietin (TPO), IL-3, IL-6, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and then in a second feeder culture ectopically expressing all above growth factors plus GM-CSF and IL-15.In the dual culture system, CD34+ HPCs differentiated toward DC progenitors (DCPs), which expanded more than five orders of magnitude.
56	20850939	Moreover, the fusion of the GM-CSF markedly increased spleen cell proliferation and IFN-? production while mild increased in IL-4 production, which demonstrated the enhancement of cell-mediated immune responses.
57	17893129	IFN-gamma(-/-) macrophages produced elevated levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12, while TLR2(-/-) macrophages produced GM-CSF, IL-12, and minimal IL-10.
58	21559358	We find that combining ?CTLA-4 and ?4-1BB antibodies in the context of a Flt3-ligand, but not a GM-CSF, based B16 melanoma vaccine promoted synergistic levels of tumor rejection. 4-1BB activation elicited strong infiltration of CD8+ T-cells into the tumor and drove the proliferation of these cells, while CTLA-4 blockade did the same for CD4+ effector T-cells.
59	19099654	Compared with neu-Fc or GM-CSF or BCG treatment alone, neu-Fc in combination with GM-CSF and BCG significantly stimulated IL-12 production and inhibited IL-10 production (p < 0.01).
60	20221274	The PBSCs were cultured in the X-VIVO 20 medium supplemented with the Flt-3 Ligand (FL), GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-alpha for 12 days.
61	21689407	In addition, culture of DCs with GM-CSF and IL-4 during the pulsing and stimulation period significantly increased the production of IL-12 and decreased production of IL-10.
62	14959857	There was no difference in the number of DC (CMRF44+, CD19-, CD14-) in PBSC mobilized with G-CSF (mean 0.28%, n = 7) compared with GM-CSF (mean 0.24%, n = 6) and apheresis itself did not concentrate DC.
63	19898981	However, it is not known what progenitor cells may differentiate into MDSC in the presence of GM-CSF, and whether FVBN202 transgenic mouse model of spontaneous breast carcinoma may exhibit distinct subset distribution of CD11b+Gr1+ cells.
64	19898981	In this study, we determined that GM-CSF was one of the tumor-derived soluble factors that induced differentiation of CD11b-Gr1- progenitor cells from within monocytic/granulocytic bone marrow cells into CD11b+Gr1+ cells.
65	21675925	AREAS COVERED: An autologous antigen presenting cell vaccine loaded with prostate acid phosphatase conjugated with GM-CSF, sipuleucel-T confers a survival advantage in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and is now FDA approved based on the IMPACT trial.
66	21784871	Furthermore, we showed that treatment with these NPs resulted in priming of the immune TME, characterized by increased IFN-?, p-STAT-1, GM-CSF, IL-2, IL-15, and IL-12b and reduced TGF-?, IL-6, and IL-10 protein expression.