Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: IL4

Gene name: interleukin 4

HGNC ID: 6014

Synonyms: BSF1, IL-4, BCGF1, BCGF-1, MGC79402

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	AREG	1 hits
2	C19orf10	1 hits
3	CASP1	1 hits
4	CD14	1 hits
5	CD1A	1 hits
6	CD4	1 hits
7	CD40	1 hits
8	CD44	1 hits
9	CD79A	1 hits
10	CD80	1 hits
11	CD86	1 hits
12	CD8A	1 hits
13	CSF1R	1 hits
14	CSF2	1 hits
15	CXCL11	1 hits
16	FLT3	1 hits
17	GAD2	1 hits
18	GAPDH	1 hits
19	HLA-A	1 hits
20	HLA-DRB1	1 hits
21	HSPA1A	1 hits
22	IDDM2	1 hits
23	IFN1	1 hits
24	IFNB1	1 hits
25	IFNG	1 hits
26	IKZF2	1 hits
27	IL10	1 hits
28	IL12A	1 hits
29	IL13	1 hits
30	IL17A	1 hits
31	IL18	1 hits
32	IL1A	1 hits
33	IL1B	1 hits
34	IL2	1 hits
35	IL3	1 hits
36	IL5	1 hits
37	IL6	1 hits
38	IL7	1 hits
39	INS	1 hits
40	IRF6	1 hits
41	KITLG	1 hits
42	LY75	1 hits
43	MBOAT7	1 hits
44	MBP	1 hits
45	MRC1	1 hits
46	NRSN1	1 hits
47	PDGFB	1 hits
48	PTGS2	1 hits
49	PTPRV	1 hits
50	QRFP	1 hits
51	RB1	1 hits
52	RFXANK	1 hits
53	SH2D1A	1 hits
54	SLAMF1	1 hits
55	SOD1	1 hits
56	TH1L	1 hits
57	TNF	1 hits
58	TP53	1 hits
59	TP63	1 hits
60	UBASH3B	1 hits
61	VHLL	1 hits
62	WAS	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1967279	In contrast, CD4+ tetanus toxin-specific T cell clones isolated from the same patient and having the same HLA phenotype produced normal amounts of IL-4 upon activation.
2	1690777	IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were essential to the killing mechanism whereas Il-1, Il-2, and Il-4 were not required.
3	2115172	Activation was measured as induction of interferon-gamma secretion, T-cell proliferation (DNA synthesis), or transcription and translation of interleukin 4 (IL-4) mRNA.
4	2123823	This suggests that tumor necrosis factor, in addition to gamma interferon, may be involved in resistance to L. major and that interleukin-4 may inhibit the leishmanicidal activity of tumor necrosis factor and/or gamma interferon.
5	1670604	When stimulated with crude tachyzoite Ag in vitro, CD4+ cells from vaccinated mice produced high levels of TH1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not TH2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5).
6	1827920	The demonstration that most allergen-specific helper T cells in atopic individuals are able to produce high amounts of IL-4 (and IL-5), but no IFN-gamma, may explain why allergens induce production of IgE antibodies and increase eosinophils.
7	2049044	It is now believed that, at least in cutaneous leishmaniasis, Th2 subsets of CD4+ T cells are disease-promoting and they do so probably by producing IL-3 and IL-4 which inhibits the activation of macrophages by IFN-gamma.
8	1833466	We confirmed this observation and found that the abrogation of resistance was associated with enhanced production of IL-4 and IL-5, and decreased production of IFN-gamma by cells taken from these mice.
9	1533656	Schistosoma mansoni infection in the mouse has been shown to be accompanied by a down-regulation in parasite-Ag- and mitogen-induced Th1 cytokine secretion (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) with a simultaneous increase in the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10), suggesting a generalized imbalance in lymphocyte function.
10	1356933	A single injection of monoclonal antibody to gamma interferon administered in conjunction with a live Candida albicans yeast cell vaccine resulted in the detection of nonprotective Th2 rather than protective Th1 responses and altered the early expression of interleukin 4 and gamma interferon mRNA in CD4+ cells.
11	1474259	PPD did not increase IL-4 production above the background level, although the majority of PPD-stimulated PBMC proliferated and produced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in cultures without ionomycin and PMA.
12	7678098	Biological assays and Northern (RNA) blot analyses for cytokines revealed that following activation with concanavalin A, T-cell clones reactive against the two Bb-1A epitopes produced interleukin-2, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factors beta and alpha, but not interleukin-4, suggesting that the Bb-1 antigen preferentially stimulates the Th1 subset of CD4+ T cells in cattle.
13	8096699	This hypothesis is based on the authors' findings that: (1) progression to AIDS is characterized by loss of IL-2- and IFN-gamma production concomitant with increases in IL-4 and IL-10; and (2) many seronegative, HIV-exposed individuals generate strong TH1-type responses to HIV antigens.
14	8315390	In contrast, concurrent in vivo administration of anti-IFN-gamma mAb and OVA or OA-POL results in marked increases in IL-4 and IL-10, and decreased IFN-gamma production, reflecting a polarization of the response towards a Th2-like pattern of cytokine synthesis.
15	8103743	Nevertheless they confirm and significantly extend previous observations and suggest that mycobacteria preferentially induce CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1)-like cells that display cytotoxic activity, and release high levels of IFN-gamma but no or little IL-4.
16	7902215	The exact parameters that enhance the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, and particularly IL-10 from resting antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is not yet clear.
17	8242663	IL-4 plus TNF also increased the expression of HLA class I and HLA-DR antigens on melanoma cells.
18	7911046	In addition to the therapeutic potential associated with IL-12 activity in these disease models, the understanding of its role in immune development and interaction with other cytokines, particularly antagonists, such as IL-4 and IL-10, has clarified and extended our understanding of immune regulation and should lead to significant developments in understanding the progression of AIDS and the development of vaccine adjuvants able to direct the immune response.
19	8011155	Suppression can be adoptively transferred by CD8+ T lymphocytes which act by releasing TGF-beta and IL-4 following antigen-specific triggering.
20	7929809	After priming in the presence of IL-12, naive cells of adult donors, defined as CD45R0- CD4+ T cells, acquire a Th1 phenotype whereas neonatal cells develop into effector cells producing high levels of IL-4 in addition to IFN-gamma.
21	7929809	Given that IL-4 is a potent antagonist of Th1 responses, the finding that IL-12 promotes the maturation of neonatal T cells into IL-4 producers may explain the increased susceptibility of neonates to intracellular pathogens and should be taken into account for the development of vaccines to be used in the perinatal period.
22	7711138	Production of IL-4, IL-6, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was detected after antigenic stimulation; there was, however, no effect of IL-7 on the pattern or kinetics of cytokine production by these cells.
23	7875746	In addition to Ag-specific proliferation, CD4+ T cells were tested for interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA expression and secretion.
24	7796670	Th1 cells characteristically secrete interleukin 1 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) whereas Th2 cells produce mainly IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10.
25	7882591	The effect of IL-4 is not mediated by quantitative modifications of class II and B7 molecule expression or of IL-1 beta production.
26	7790090	Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, and IL-5 induction was assayed by mRNA-specific PCR and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassay for protein production.
27	7620165	On the other hand, purified monocytes from CLL patients and controls both induced IFN-gamma production and inhibited IL-4 secretion.
28	7554398	Iscoms stimulated more secretion of IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) than the micelles, but both antigenic forms stimulated secretion of IL-4.
29	7492350	A similar effect by exogenous IL-2, or the same concentration of IL-4, was observed in 8/11 (P = 0.02) and 5/6 respectively DH, and 3/4 normal gut T cell lines.
30	8933818	Northern blot analysis revealed that 2 h after CA-5d, PECs expressed a high level of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta and a low level of IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs, while IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were absent, suggesting the development of TH1 subset.
31	8665571	Secretion of IL-2 abrogated the tumorigenicity of BL6, while IFN gamma and IL-4 partially reduced tumorigenicity, and GM-CSF had no effect.
32	8666894	Immunization of BALB/c mice with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DC), generated in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin 4, and prepulsed with the Meth A p53 mutant peptide, induced CTL that specifically recognized peptide-pulsed P815 cells, as well as Meth A cells naturally expressing this epitope.
33	8911011	By stimulation with the peptide and BLV virion, the spleen cells from the immunized mice produced a large amount of IFN-gamma and IL-2, whereas they released neither IL-4 or IL-10.
34	8911152	A weak expression of IL-10 was only induced at 2 hr. whereas IL-12 p40 subunit, interferon-7 (IFN-7) IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were undetectable.
35	8918692	Consistent with this is the observation that two of two T cell lines established from p518-529-primed mice produced Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), whereas three of three T cell lines obtained from IRBP-primed mice produced Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma).
36	8921965	T cells reactive to B4 as well as to some minor epitopes were CD4+CD8- T cells which produced IFN-gamma but no detectable IL-4 upon antigen stimulation in vitro.
37	9341744	Hence, these observations suggest that the induction of memory CD4+ T cell subset distinguished by the expression of CD45RO and CD25 and production of IL-4 coincides with protective immune responses generated by immunization with attenuated SPZ.
38	9341783	Therefore, we analyzed the C26 murine colon carcinoma genetically modified to release interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, granulocyte colony-stimulating-factor (CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF for immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody NDLC145 recognizing the DEC205 determinant which, on tumor sections, is virtually restricted to DC.
39	9384286	In this study, we found that IL-4 significantly suppressed IL-1beta secretion induced by BCG and the 70- and 65-kDa HSP.
40	9384286	When exogenous recombinant human IL-4 was added to human mononuclear cells, a dose- and time-related inhibition of the 70-kDa HSP- and BCG-induced IL-1beta secretion was observed.
41	9384286	Finally, IL-4 inhibited IL-6 secretion by mycobacterium-activated human cells.
42	9394185	CD4+ and CD8+ T1 cells, through the agency of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, direct the response towards cell-mediated immunity involving cytotoxicity and macrophage activation, whereas T2 cells, through the agency of IL-4 and IL-10, direct the response towards antibody production.
43	9394185	However, immune responses are not immutable and can be artificially driven towards one or other pole, for example IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-12 favour T1 responses, whereas IL-4 and IL-10 favour the T2 type.
44	9398398	Other cytokines were produced by the regressor mice only in vitro (IFN-gamma) or were not detected at all with either type of tumor recipient (IL-4).
45	9824496	The frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma were determined by three-colour flow cytometric analysis of fixed and saponin-permeabilized cells fluorescent-stained for either CD4 or CD8 surface molecules and for one of the following combinations of two intracellular cytokines: IL-2/IL-4, IL-2/IFN-gamma and IL-4/IFN-gamma.
46	10614503	With respect to IgA antibody production in the gut whereas IL-4 and TGF-beta have been implicated in isotype switching of precursor cells to IgA commitment, their subsequent localisation, proliferation and effector activity expression is dependent on IL-5 and IL-6 expression locally.
47	10447773	In addition, IL-4 was shown to synergize with IL-2 for the induction of antigen-specific T-cell responses.
48	10812226	In addition, the BLK/IL-4 cells were more effective than free recombinant IL-4 in decreasing OVA-specific IFN-gamma production and in increasing OVA-specific IL-4 production by splenic CD4(+) T cells.
49	10820246	These bovine insulin-primed CTL displayed a type 0 CTL phenotype, producing IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, low levels of IFN-gamma, but no TNF-alpha.
50	10820246	Neither endogenous IL-4 nor the dose of priming Ag altered the CTL phenotypes, but the antigenic peptides of OVA and bovine insulin were key to determining the differentiation of either type 1 or type 0 CTL.
51	10982767	Colonic CD4(+) T cells from normal, IFN-gamma(-/-), or IL-12(-/- )mice produced both IL-4 and IL-5.
52	11160013	Activated Th2 cells release IL-4, which in turn can induce an increase in the expression of MHC class II molecules on monocytes.
53	11160264	In this study, we have investigated the use of plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccination to elicit Th2 effector cell function in an Ag-specific manner and in turn prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. pDNA recombinants were engineered encoding a secreted fusion protein consisting of a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) linked to IgGFc, and IL-4.
54	11160264	This protection was GAD65-specific since NOD mice immunized with pDNA encoding hen egg lysozyme-IgGFc and IL-4 continued to develop diabetes.
55	11282986	The differential between the two DC types in inducing proliferation was even more pronounced than previously seen with primary T cells and did not reflect differential longevity of the DC in culture, altered response kinetics or deviation from IL-2 to IL-4 induction with CD8(+) DC, but was related to the levels of IL-2 induced.
56	11418698	We previously demonstrated that administration of plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) encoding IL-4 and a fragment of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) fused to IgGFc induces GAD65-specific Th2 cells and prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice.
57	11418698	Surprisingly, young NOD mice receiving i.m. injections of pDNA encoding insulin B chain-IgGFc with or without IL-4 exhibited an accelerated progression of insulitis and developed early diabetes.
58	11418698	In contrast, treatment with pDNAs encoding insulin A chain-IgGFc and IL-4 elicited a low frequency of IL-4-secreting Th cells and had no effect on the progression of IDDM.
59	11418698	Vaccination with pDNAs encoding GAD65-IgGFc and IL-4, however, prevented IDDM.
60	11918690	Following stimulation with influenza virus in vitro, splenic lymphocytes from immunized IgA(-/-) mice produced significantly lower levels of IFN-gamma than IgA(+/+) mice (P < 0.001), but elaborated similar levels of IL-4 and IL-5.
61	11943227	IL-4 is a Th2 type cytokine, which enhances antibody production and inhibits a CD4 Th1 phenotype.
62	11953389	In addition, spleen cells from vaccinated animals produced interleukin-2 and gamma interferon but not IL-10 or IL-4 after in vitro stimulation with recombinant BLS (rBLS), suggesting the induction of a Th1 response.
63	12682236	Monocytes acquire immature DC characteristics by day 2 of culture with GM-CSF and IL-4; they down-regulate CD14, increase dextran uptake, and respond to the inflammatory chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha.
64	12933826	In addition, the DNA vaccine elicited a T-cell-proliferative response and also induced the production of gamma interferon, but not interleukin-10 (IL-10) or IL-4, upon restimulation with either recombinant SOD or crude Brucella protein, suggesting the induction of a typical T-helper-1-dominated immune response in mice.
65	12946436	Retrovirus-transfected bone marrow cells cultured with GMCSF and IL-4 for 7 days demonstrated 70-80% of DCs with high CD11c, CD80, CD86, and MHC class I (I-Kd) expression.
66	14704372	Here, we demonstrate that immunization with antigen in the presence of CT induced a population of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells that produced IL-10 in the absence of IL-4, in addition to cells that coexpressed IL-4 and IL-10 or produced IL-4 only.
67	15147576	In vitro characterization demonstrated that tgD and tgD-CD154 both bind to cultured bovine B cells, whereas only tgD-CD154 induces interleukin-4-dependent proliferation, suggesting that tgD-CD154 specifically binds the CD40 receptor and induces receptor signalling.
68	15162438	The results indicated that IL-10 siRNA-transfected DC enhanced Th1 responses by increasing IFN-gamma and decreasing IL-4 production.
69	14999431	The vaccine used mature DCs (CD1a+++, CD40++, CD80++, CD83+, and CD86+++) generated from peripheral blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4.
70	15383418	Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) collected before immunotherapy were co-cultured with Canvaxin cells; cellular response was determined by flow cytometric measurement of the production of intracellular interleukin 4 (IL4) or interferon gamma (IFNgamma) by CD4(+) T-cells.
71	15456623	Levels of IL-4, 5 and 10 (Th2 profile) decreased while those of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha (Th1 profile) decreased.
72	16114559	Compared with healthy controls, the serum levels of IL-12 in patients with CA were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the serum levels of IL-4 were increased significantly (P < 0.05) before the treatment.
73	16114559	BCG-PSN could increase the serum level of IL-12 and decrease the serum level of IL-4 in CA patients.
74	15523692	Lung metastases were significantly decreased by treatment of mice with an IL-13 inhibitor, but not by deficiency or inhibition of IL-4.
75	15780449	The serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were increased, while no significant increase was observed in interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).
76	15944302	Notably, the NKT:NK and CD80:CD86 ratios were correlated with the IL-4:IFN-gamma ratio, indicative of multiple converging modes of regulation.
77	15972497	OVA-specific CD4+ T cells isolated from mice immunized with OVA plus mStx1 or StxB1 produced IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, indicating that mStx1 and StxB1 elicit both Th1- and Th2-type responses.
78	16000953	CFA augmented the IFN-gamma response and to a lesser extent the IL-4 response.
79	16002678	Treatment of naive mice with the COX-2 inhibitor, SC-58236, skewed splenocytes toward a type 1 cytokine response, inducing IFN-gamma, IL-12, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, whereas the type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 remained unaltered.
80	16184234	In the case of cytokines production were observed that interferon (IFN-gamma) and interlukin (IL-2) were significantly enhanced, while IL-4 and IL-10 was almost unchanged to make comparison between primary and secondary infection at 12 Gy irradiation dose.
81	16204627	Treatment of mice receiving 1 mg BCG with NS-398 (a PGHS-2 inhibitor, 10 mg/kg i.p., daily) resulted in enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production with reduced IL-4 and IL-10 production in recall responses.
82	16204627	Treatment of C57Bl/6 mice with HK-BCG (0.5 mg dose) also induced a mixture of Th1 and Th2 responses, although IFN-gamma production was markedly increased, and IL-4 was decreased compared with Balb/c mice.
83	16286158	Vaccines containing the ginseng-fraction Rb1 induced serum-detectable amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 as early as 24h after primary injection that was confirmed in sera collected at 24 and 72 h post re-vaccination.
84	16300005	The level of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in group D increased significantly, while IL-4 secretion decreased (P < 0.01). 30 days after immunization, no higher titer of IgG antibody was shown in all groups.
85	16397274	We have used the immunogenic HLA-CW3-expressing P815 (P.CW3) mastocytoma and investigated whether IL-4 expression by the tumor affects tumor clearance and, if so, whether it alters the tumor-induced Vbeta10+ CD8+ T-cell response.
86	16397274	The IL-4-secreting P.CW3 tumor cells led to markedly higher mRNA expression of IL-4 and granzyme A and B but no differences in IFN-gamma and IL-2 production, cell proliferation, or ex vivo CTL activity in primary Vbeta10+ CD8+ T cells when compared with the control tumor cells.
87	16397274	We concluded that tumor-derived IL-4 selectively changed the quality of the tumor-induced CD8+ T-cell response and resulted in unexpected negative effects on tumor clearance.
88	16219397	Mtb8.4/hIL-12 chimeric gene vaccine induced the secretion of more of Th1 cytokines, but not IL-4 and enhanced CTL activity.
89	16386313	The protein expressed from this fused cDNA was fully functional in promoting a type 1 (IFN-gamma) and suppressing a type 2 (IL-4) cytokine response following both in vitro transfection of a canine cell line and in vivo delivery to dogs.
90	16499575	We found that 24-h IFN-alpha co-culture of day 7 monocyte-derived DC generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 induces increased numbers of DC positive for CD54 and CD40 together with the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 but not the activation marker CD83.
91	16634802	In particular, no decrease in expression of IL-4 or IL-6 was observed following challenge of vaccinated animals and decreased IFN-gamma was detected.
92	16764688	Prior epicutaneous immunization results in reduced production of antigen-specific interferon-gamma and immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and enhanced interleukin-4, IgG1 and IgE responses to immunization with CFA.
93	16971810	DCs were generated by culturing monocytes with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor) and interleukin (IL-4) and activated by additional culture with tumor necrosis factor and CD40 ligand.
94	16997788	The frequency of Interferon-gamma and Interleukin (IL)-2 expressing CD4+/CD8+ T-cell subsets was significantly higher with a concomitant reduction in IL-4 and IL-10 expressing T-cells in the vaccine treated group as compared with the untreated controls.
95	16901590	However, only the immunization with the PFR2-HSP70 fused genes triggers in spleen cells a statistically significant enhancement of expression of IL-12 and IFN-gamma and a decrease in the percentage of cells expressing IL-4.
96	17101562	Eleven different molecule, cytokine and chemokine mRNAs levels (CCR7, IL-23, TGF-beta-IP, IFN-gamma, IL-10, CD1a, CD40, CD54, CD80, CD83, CD86) were determined using the real-time PCR technique with TaqMan chemistry using ready-to-use low-density arrays for gene expression by Applied Biosystems. 1) Increases in mRNA levels for CD40, CD54 and CD80 after CD40L and IL-4 stimulation were observed, 2) CCR7 mRNA expression was higher after CD40 ligation than before the culture (p = 0.002), 3) IL-10 mRNA expression was higher after the culture with medium than before the culture (p = 0.01).
97	17028079	Both types of spores induced spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes cell proliferation as well as production of IFNgamma but not of IL-4 and IL-10 in both districts.
98	17464770	The frequency of IFN-gamma and IL-2 expressing CD4(+)/CD8(+)T-cell subsets was significantly higher with a concomitant reduction in IL-4 and IL-10 expression in the vaccine-treated group (p<0.0001) compared with the untreated controls.
99	17451739	Here we describe extensive studies to optimize and quantitatively validate the 8-color ICS assay for use in clinical trials of candidate vaccines, which includes measurement of viable IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha and IL-4 producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
100	17478016	IL-12 and IFN-gamma were released by CD4(+) T cells whereas IL-4 and IL-10 were impaired.
101	17485153	Inhibition of IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion by DCs via inhibition of caspase-1 also led to a marked decrease of IL-4 and IL-5 by CD4(+) T cells.
102	17504117	The mechanisms of the effects of IL-4 include impaired antimicrobial activity due to reduced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis of infected cells, reduced activity of iNOS, increased availability of iron to intracellular Mtb, and increased proliferation of antigen-specific FOXP-3+ regulatory T cells.
103	17504117	IL-4 also increases the toxicity of TNF-alpha and drives pulmonary fibrosis, thus enhancing immunopathology.
104	17517106	Immunization with P-Gly induced the production of IFN-gamma [T-helper type 1 (Th1) response] and lowered the production of IL-4 (Th2 response), and a skewed balance towards the Th1 cytokine demonstrated that P-Gly has a modulating ability on Th1/Th2 balance to down-regulate Th2 response.
105	17603845	In addition, the DNA vaccine with provax-chIFN-gamma plus LMS formulation increased the expression of IFN-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-12, and IL-13, suggesting that the effectiveness of the IFN-gamma and LMS formulation is partly due to the enhancement of balanced cytokine production.
106	17616706	VLA-4 expression on Tc2 cells was down-regulated in an interleukin (IL)-4 dose-dependent manner but not by other type 2 cytokines, such as IL-10 and IL-13, suggesting that IL-4 uniquely down-regulates VLA-4 expression on these cells.
107	17633820	In comparison with PBS control, the level of IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha was (30.0+/-0) pg/ml, (65.0+/-0) pg/ml and (425.0+/-10.7) pg/ml respectively in the intramuscular group with a significant increase, but that of IL-4 decreased, with a value of (10.0+/-0) pg/ml.
108	17628695	Expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-4 by PBMC increased in response to infection, whereas, IL-10 expression decreased.
109	17700709	These CD4(+)KJI-26(+) cells were only transiently activated and produced IL-10 and IL-4 and not IFN-gamma.
110	17971946	In comparison with the control group, after treatment, the levels of IFN-g and the ratio of IFN-g/IL4 in the BCG-PSN group significantly increased, whereas the level of IL-4 and the plasma total IgE significantly decreased (P less than 0.05), while those of the control group had no significant change.
111	18319583	Low level expressions of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-10 and no expression of IL-2 and IL-4 were observed compared with the control camels.
112	18430493	Incubation of mouse splenocytes with PCEP or PCPP (in the absence of antigen) stimulated production of IL-4 and IL-12, but only PCEP induced significant IFNgamma production.
113	18675465	Immunization of SJL/J mice with MBP(83-99) and mutant [A(91)]MBP(83-99), [E(91)]MBP(83-99), [F(91)]MBP(83-99), [Y(91)]MBP(83-99), and [R(91), A(96)]MBP(83-99) peptides, induced IFN-gamma, and only [R(91), A(96)]MBP(83-99) mutant peptide was able to induce IL-4 secretion by T cells.
114	18724693	The concentration of IL-4 and IFN-gamma in GapC groups rabbit sera increased significantly (P<0.05) at day 14 after boost immunization, while the concentration of those in whole cell group did not increase (P>0.05) compared with the placebo group. 4 rabbits in 5 of the protein immunized group were protected against challenge with 1 x 10(8) CFU S. aureus.
115	18462845	Compared to the group immunized with pcD-VP1 alone, the co-inoculation with either molecular adjuvant induced a higher ratio of IgG2a/IgG1, higher levels of expression of IFN-gamma in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IL-4 in CD4+ T cells, and in vivo antigen-specific cytotoxic response.
116	18653385	In comparison, IFN-beta therapy reduced IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses to TT (p<0.003 and p<0.04).
117	18945182	DCs were generated from CD14+ human monocytes by negative selection, followed by coculture with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and recombinant interleukin-4.
118	18988742	Here we show that IFN-gamma and IL-4 exert opposing effects on the expression of CD8alpha mRNA and surface CD8 protein during CD8(+) T cell activation.
119	18988742	IL-4 caused down-regulation of surface CD8 on ovalbumin (OVA)(257-264)-specific TCR-transgenic OT-I CD8(+) T cells activated with OVA(257-264)-coated antigen presenting cells or polyclonal stimuli, and on wild type CD8(+) T cells activated with polyclonal stimuli.
120	19006834	It was revealed that fractions of neutrophilokines regulate IL-2 synthesis by Th1-helpers, IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis by Th2-helpers and also expression of IL-2 receptors by immunocompetent cells.
121	19144282	Furthermore, at the end of SLIT induction TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IFN-gamma production were reduced in group B patients (p<0.05, p=0.062 and p=0.060, respectively).
122	19145371	The serum concentration of IFN-gamma decreased about 2-fold 1.5-2.0 years after the start of vaccine therapy, whereas the concentration of IL-4 increased 2-3 fold.
123	19162111	Exogenous IL-12 administration resulted in robust gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production and suppression of IL-4 from CD4+ T cell against both LM and LD.
124	19222788	Splenocytes proliferated in response to Sm-p80 produced appreciably more Th1 response enhancing cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma) than Th2 response enhancing cytokines (IL-4, IL-10).
125	19366570	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from immunized animals when stimulated in vitro with Sm-p80 produced appreciably more Th1 response enhancing cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma) than Th2 response enhancing cytokines (IL-4, IL-10).
126	19450633	The p24 protein had a high affinity for the nanoparticles and the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the p24 protein on the nanoparticle was well preserved after immunization. p24-coated nanoparticles were efficiently taken up by mouse dendritic cells (DCs), inducing DC maturation by increasing MHC-I, MHC-II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 surface expression and secreting IL-12 (p70) and IL-4.
127	19628058	When given orally for 2 weeks to BALB/c mice immunized with emulsion of OVA in Freund's adjuvant (OVA-FCA), it caused dose-dependent proliferation of T cells and improved their ability to secrete IL-2 and IFN-gamma, but moderately down-regulated Th2 cytokine IL-4.
128	19494519	We also observed that IL-4 was reduced and IFN-gamma and IL-10 were increased among splenocytes and in BALF, which inhibits Der f-specific T-cell proliferation in splenocytes and increases regulatory T cells in the spleen.
129	19638322	The immunization preferentially stimulates the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 in splenocytes which suggests a Th1 type response with a concomitant down-regulation of IL-10 and IL-4.
130	19930042	However, [A(91), A(96)]MBP(87-99) conjugated to reduced mannan did not induce IFN-gamma-secreting T cells, but elicited very high levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4).
131	19768458	Therapeutic vaccination induced higher numbers of tumor's infiltrating lymphocytes (CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and NK cells), and the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4 by intratumoral CD4(+) T cells.
132	20406664	Increased anti-GAD65 IgG1, serum IgA and unchanged IgG2a antibodies titers; together with an increase of IL-4, IL-10 production and a decrease of IFN-gamma production suggested possible activation of GAD65-specific Th2 immune responses.
133	20470796	IL-12, interferon-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractrant (I-TAC) and sertoli cell factor (SCF) were not significantly elevated in both groups whereas IL-4 and -10 were unchanged.
134	20502628	The 40K-OMP-specific CD4(+) T cells induced by oral 40K-OMP plus CpG ODN produced both Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines.
135	20193967	FCM demonstrated antigen-specific responses for both IFN-gamma and IL-4 in the CD4 T cell population from vaccinated animals, while CD8 T cells and gammadelta T cells mainly responded with increased IFN-gamma.
136	20525889	We further demonstrate that SLAM (Slamf1, CD150), a surface receptor that uses SAP signaling, is specifically required for IL-4 production by GC T(FH) cells.
137	20525889	These data illustrate complexities of SAP-dependent SLAM family receptor signaling, revealing a prominent role for SLAM receptor ligation in IL-4 production by GC CD4 T cells but not in T(FH) cell and GC T(FH) cell differentiation.
138	20738198	It appears that the heat-killed N. caninum tachyzoites were less potent in eliciting IFN-gamma or IL-10, but more effective in inducing IL-4.
139	20815244	In addition, the expression of IL-4, IFN-gamma in CD4+ T cells and IFN-gamma in CD8+ T cells was higher than control groups.
140	18068331	Low Sociable animals also showed alterations in lymph node expression of the immunoregulatory cytokine genes IFNG and IL4, and lower secondary IgG responses to tetanus vaccination.
141	19889049	The capacity of the HBcAg-pulsed DC vaccine to stimulate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to produce IFN-gamma and IL-4 was estimated by intercellular cytokine staining, and the HBcAg-pulsed DCs derived from 10 humam leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A2(+) CHB patients were tested for the induction of HBV-specific CTLs from autologous T cells by pentamer staining.
142	20188631	These results suggest that mice infected with higher concentrations of bacilli developed an immune response similar to the pattern described for human tuberculosis wherein patients with progressive tuberculosis exhibit a down modulation of IFN-gamma production accompanied by increased levels of IL-4.
143	20635971	Moreover, treatment of tuberculous mice with Ag85AB-CpG-DDA induced higher production of type-I cytokines, generated more CD44-positive T cells and suppresses secretion of IL-4 as compared with untreated animals.
144	20378136	In an in vivo experiment, the murine cytokines induced by VLPs of naked DNA vaccine showed that the Th1 indicators IL-2, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF, and the Th2 indicators IL-4 and IL-10 were increased.
145	20452455	Recombinant SG3PDH was the only test ESP to additionally activate SC from S. mansoni-infected BALB/c mice to release higher IL-4 levels than unstimulated SC and mediate significant (P < 0.0001) in vitro attrition of lung-stage larvae.
146	20876984	Methods: levels of IFN-?, IL-4 and IL-10 secreted from PBMCs of 25 acute brucellosis patients and 15 healthy controls, stimulated with Phytohemagglutinin (PHA), L7/L12 or GAPDH were measured by ELISA.
147	21139679	Infection of macrophages with IL-4 expressing virus down-regulated IL-12 production by macrophages.
148	19111573	A construct coding for the complete Phl p 5 induced T-cell activation, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production.
149	21076061	Immunologically, SLIT resulted in increased IL-10 production, programmed cell death ligand 1 expression, and concentration of allergen-specific IgG4, as well as in the reduction of CD80 and CD86 expression and IL-4 production.
150	21036386	Amphiregulin was expressed at much higher levels when human basophils were stimulated by IL-3 than by IgE cross-linking, whereas the opposite was true for IL-4 expression and histamine release.
151	20850939	Moreover, the fusion of the GM-CSF markedly increased spleen cell proliferation and IFN-? production while mild increased in IL-4 production, which demonstrated the enhancement of cell-mediated immune responses.
152	20861832	Interestingly, IL-4-treated infected macrophages exhibited significantly increased ATP production and phagolysosomal acidification, as well as enhanced mannose receptor upregulation and increased internalization with acidification, which correlated with observations in mast cell-macrophage co-cultures, with resultant decreases in F. tularensis replication.
153	17087116	Before SIT treatment, compared with the normal control group, the patients' serum level of Th2 cytokines IL-4 and total IgE had significantly increased, the level of Th1 cytokines IL-2 had significantly reduced.
154	17087116	After 12 months SIT treatment, the patients' serum IL-2 showed increased, the serum IL-4 and total IgE showed reduced, the difference was statistical significant (t = 7.303, 2.494, 2.225, P < 0.05).
155	17442307	Analysis of the protective immune responses showed that the protein immunization promoted a Th2-biased response with an increase in IL-4, IL-5 and IgG1 responses, whereas, the DNA vaccine promoted a Th1-biased response with profound IFN-gamma and IgG2a responses.
156	21444117	To address this, CD8(+) T cells from normal OT-I mice or OT-I mice deficient in IFN? (IFN?(-/-)) or the IFN? receptor (IFN?R(-/-)) were activated in vitro in the presence of IFN? or IL-4 to generate a series of effector populations (Tc1 and Tc2-like respectively) that secreted different levels of IFN? and expressed different levels of HSV-specific cytolytic function.
157	20032499	WAS(-/-) CD4(+) T cells up-regulated IL-4 and GATA3 mRNA and secreted IL-4 protein during Th2 differentiation.
158	20032499	WAS(-/-) Th2s failed to produce IL-4 protein on restimulation despite elevated IL-4/GATA3 mRNA.
159	20032499	Moreover, dominant-negative WASp expression in WT effector T cells blocked IL-4 production, but had no effect on IFNgamma.
160	21677778	Although in vitro IL-4 directs CD4 T cells to produce T helper 2 (Th2)-cytokines, these cytokines can be induced in vivo in the absence of IL-4-signalling.
161	21677778	Here, we show that mouse ovalbumin-specific CD4 (OTII) cells responding to alum-precipitated ovalbumin (alumOVA) upregulate Th2 features - GATA-3 and IL-4 - as well as Helios mRNA and protein.
162	21677778	The induction of IL-4, IL-13 and CXCR5 by alumOVA requires NF-?B1 and this is also needed for Helios upregulation.
163	21612828	These results suggest that elevated IL-10 levels at the early stage of the infection may enhance virus survival and delay the induction of protective immunity, while increased levels of IL-4 induce the effective immune responses and increase the animals' health status.
164	20221274	The PBSCs were cultured in the X-VIVO 20 medium supplemented with the Flt-3 Ligand (FL), GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-alpha for 12 days.
165	18684965	Mice receiving either subset showed reduced disease incidence and low clinical scores; however, mice receiving total CD4(+) T cells showed delayed disease onset by 10 days with reduced clinical scores, reduced IL-17 and IL-27, but enhanced IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, and TGF-beta.
166	21689407	In addition, culture of DCs with GM-CSF and IL-4 during the pulsing and stimulation period significantly increased the production of IL-12 and decreased production of IL-10.
167	20189487	The frequencies of IFN-gamma and IL-4 responders to each peptide were not associated with a particular HLA-DRB1 allelic group since most of the peptides induced a response in individuals of 12 out of 13 studied allelic groups.
168	21247655	S. enteritidis ghosts not only promoted the generation of high titer antibodies and IFN-? and IL-4 production but also stimulated a significant increase in CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes.
169	21569812	Allogeneic LPS-matured DC-TC hybrids induced high IFN-? levels, but concomitantly also the highest production of IL-4 and IL-10 suggesting activation of mechanisms sustaining regulatory cells able to blunt vaccine efficacy.
170	21791667	Significantly reduced percentages of functional CD45RA(Low) memory CD4(+) T cells producing specific cytokines (interferon ?, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4 and IL-17a) were observed in otitis-prone children following AOM and NP colonization with either S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae.
171	21632862	We also assessed phenotypic markers, cytokine release, and phagocytosis of bone marrow-derived DCs generated by fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) + IL-6 or by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL) 4.
172	20039802	Healthy donor plasma had high immunoglobulin G titers (median, 1:51,200) and lower immunoglobulin A (median, 1:3,200) and immunoglobulin E (median, 1:128) titers to rAls3p-N by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. rAls3p-N stimulated interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin (IL)-17, but not IL-4, from donor lymphocytes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay and IL-12 p70, IFN-gamma, IL-17, and IL-10 by cytometric bead array.
173	20812236	The DEC-targeted LcrV induced polarized Th1 immunity, whereas DCIR2-targeted LcrV induced fewer CD4(+) T cells secreting IFN-?, but higher IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 production.
174	20870310	However, only the chimeric vaccine was able to enhance Th1/Th2 cytokine secretion in response to class II GAG peptide and to enhance IL-4-secreting cells against GAG peptides and p24 protein stimuli.
175	21879287	Our results show that na�ve B cells from young donors need a sufficiently strong stimulus to be activated "in vitro", while na�ve B cells from old subjects are able to produce IL-10 and TNF-? when stimulated "physiologically" (?-CD40/IL-4), suggesting that these cells might play a role in the control of the immuno-inflammatory environment in the elderly.
176	22087247	Results showed that SIS affected cytokine and chemokines microenvironments such as up-regulation of IL-4 and CD30-ligand and activation of chemotactic factors LIX and KC (neutrophil chemotactic factors), MCP-1 (monocytes chemotactic factors), MIP 1-? (macrophage chemotactic factor) and lymphotactin, as well as, growth factors like M-CSF.