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Gene Information
Gene symbol: TNF
Gene name: tumor necrosis factor
HGNC ID: 11892
Synonyms: TNFSF2, DIF, TNF-alpha
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 21889412 | Therefore CMI responses were evaluated in 15 CVID-patients and 15 matched healthy controls (HC) by determining frequencies of interferon (IFN)?-producing PBMC, and frequencies of IFN?-, interleukin (IL)-2- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)?-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells before and after influenza vaccination using IFN? enzyme-linked immunospot (IFN?-ELISpot) and flow cytometry. |
| 2 | 22038233 | When cultured with HPC-4(TLG) cells, monocytes released a higher amount of TNF, but IL-10 and IL-12 secretion was inhibited. |
| 3 | 2435854 | In addition to the IFN production, forphenicinol increased production of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in mice sensitized with BCG, and the dose of LPS required to induce TNF was reduced by the drug. |
| 4 | 2462667 | BRM administration group gained higher TNF and interferon (IFN) activity than control group. |
| 5 | 1690777 | IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha were essential to the killing mechanism whereas Il-1, Il-2, and Il-4 were not required. |
| 6 | 2123823 | This suggests that tumor necrosis factor, in addition to gamma interferon, may be involved in resistance to L. major and that interleukin-4 may inhibit the leishmanicidal activity of tumor necrosis factor and/or gamma interferon. |
| 7 | 1351088 | A novel flow cytometric assay was used to show that physiologic activation of CD4+ CTL with target APC induced expression by the CTL of cell surface forms of TNF-alpha. |
| 8 | 1465054 | Monocytes fail to elicit adequate help for T cell proliferation despite normal production of Il-1 and Il-6, but they produce elevated amounts of TNF alpha. |
| 9 | 8418196 | The parasite GPI moiety, free or associated with protein, induces tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 production by macrophages and regulates glucose metabolism in adipocytes. |
| 10 | 8244448 | Peritoneal and spleen macrophages from immunostimulant treated and/or immunized animals showed a significant increase in LPS triggered TNF-alpha production, as compared to non-treated controls. |
| 11 | 7520417 | As tumor necrosis factor alpha, IFN-beta, and IL-12 are potent activators of IFN-gamma production by T and NK cells, their presence in these cocultures could be responsible for the IFN-gamma production. |
| 12 | 7522168 | We have tested the susceptibility of these to TNF-induced metabolic changes and lethality in different models, and compared the results with those obtained with IL-6+/+ wild-type mice. |
| 13 | 7522168 | In IL-6(0/0) mice, less corticosterone was induced by TNF than in the control mice, while the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone was the same. |
| 14 | 7522168 | The results indicate that IL-6 is not contributing in a major way to the pathogenesis leading to TNF-induced shock, and that neither IL-6 nor the APP studied are essential for a protective feedback system. |
| 15 | 7537721 | L. major induced the production of two competing cytokines in infected macrophages: (1) the parasite activated the gene for tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and production of TNF protein was enhanced by the presence of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). |
| 16 | 7537721 | TNF then acted as a autocrine signal to amplify IFN-gamma-induced production of NO; and (2) the parasite upregulated production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which blocked IFN-gamma-induced production of NO. |
| 17 | 7697918 | Significant change of TNF-alpha mRNA expression of spleens and bladders of C3H/He mice was observed after intravesical BCG instillation, although intravesical IFN-gamma therapy 3 days after BCG instillation to maintain the activated state of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells did not show a significant change of TNF-alpha mRNA, compared with that of BCG therapy alone. |
| 18 | 7705395 | The priming effect of BCG on IFN-gamma production appears to be mostly due to its ability to increase TNF-alpha production, which acts as cofactor with LPS-induced IL-12 in inducing IFN-gamma production, as shown by the ability of injection of TNF-alpha and LPS (1 microgram/mouse), but not LPS alone, to induce IFN-gamma production. |
| 19 | 7705395 | However, in addition to TNF-alpha, other LPS-induced cofactor(s) are required in cooperation with IL-12 to induce optimal IFN-gamma production, because co-injection of TNF-alpha and IL-12, sufficient to induce serum concentrations of both cytokines higher and more persistent than those obtained by injection of LPS, was not sufficient to induce IFN-gamma production in vivo. |
| 20 | 7716458 | Direct effector functions of cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes directly depend on local periparasitic gamma-interferon- and TNF alpha-concentrations. |
| 21 | 8562166 | Our data demonstrate the IFN gamma, TNF alpha and IL-1 alpha can decrease the expression of EGFR on some bladder tumour cell lines. |
| 22 | 8933818 | Northern blot analysis revealed that 2 h after CA-5d, PECs expressed a high level of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-1 beta and a low level of IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNAs, while IL-4 and IL-5 mRNAs were absent, suggesting the development of TH1 subset. |
| 23 | 9389728 | Impaired response to IFN-gamma was documented in B cells by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 nuclear translocation, in fibroblasts by cell surface HLA class II induction, and in monocytes by cell surface CD64 induction and TNF-alpha secretion. |
| 24 | 9394829 | We found that exogenously added TNF-alpha caused a profound inhibition of monocytic IL-12 secretion in the absence of IC, again mediated via the induction of IL-10 and PG. |
| 25 | 10816614 | In contrast, 50 ng/ml of TNF and IL-6 had no suppressive effect on the IFN-induced antiviral state in the hepatic cells. |
| 26 | 10525448 | IL-18 induces gene expression and synthesis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1, Fas ligand, and several chemokines. |
| 27 | 10811870 | Type I IFNs induced a surprisingly rapid maturation of monocytes into short-lived tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-expressing DCs endowed with potent functional activities, superior with respect to the interleukin (IL)-4/GM-CSF treatment, as shown by FACS((R)) analyses, mixed leukocyte reaction assays with allogeneic PBLs, and lymphocyte proliferation responses to HIV-1-pulsed autologous DCs. |
| 28 | 10820273 | These studies show that coincident expression of CD40L enhances the Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cytokine responses, increases the expression of TNF-alpha and NO, accelerates virus clearance, and increases the anti-F and anti-G Ab responses. |
| 29 | 11131586 | A noticeable increase in mRNA expression for TNFalpha and mild increases in mRNA expression of IL-8 and IL-1beta were detected in mandibular lymph nodes from infected swine, compared with noninfected swine. |
| 30 | 11962727 | J774A.1 murine macrophages stimulated with Lactoferrin resulted in increased TNF-alpha protein production, and upregulated IL-12 and IL-15 mRNA. |
| 31 | 11982590 | NS398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor, and indomethacin (IM), a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor, enhanced viable BCG-induced cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production of PEC. |
| 32 | 11982590 | Exogenous PGE2 reduced cytotoxic activity and IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production of PEC. |
| 33 | 12655469 | Upon re- encounter with the nominal antigen, CD45RO+ T-cells are able to convert to CD8+CD45RA+CD28-T-cells displaying potent immune effector functions, including TNF-alpha production. |
| 34 | 12850812 | The early response was characterized by high levels of inflammatory molecules, including IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MCP-1, later followed by expression of precursor Th1 cytokines, IL-12 and IL-18, concomitant with IFNgamma production. |
| 35 | 12668155 | In mice cytokines IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, and GMCSF are observed to synergize with BCG for IFN-gamma production, whereas in human cytokines IL-2, IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-alpha exhibit similar synergistic effects. |
| 36 | 12686724 | Among those signaling pathways, activation of NF-kappaB leads to up-regulation of IL-1beta, IL-8 and TNF-alpha, mucin MUC2 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), whereas activation of p38 MAP kinase mediates not only up-regulation of inflammatory mediators and mucin MUC5AC but also down-regulation of TLR2. |
| 37 | 12927083 | The candidate genes were: inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-beta2), transforming growth factor beta3 (TGF-beta3), and immunoglobulin G light chain (IgL). |
| 38 | 12938230 | Hence, IL-6 contributes to, and TNF-alpha determines, astrocyte proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, as elicited by lipoproteins. |
| 39 | 14517689 | Macrophages isolated from mice immunised with native or plant-expressed CTB showed enhanced secretion of interleukin-10 but secretion of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha was inhibited. |
| 40 | 15161079 | Addition of cytokines to mDCs treated with Mtb altered T-cell cytokine mRNA expression such that TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma or IL-12 increased IFN-gamma; IL-12 and IFN-gamma suppressed IL-10, while IL-10 and IL-12 enhanced IL-13. |
| 41 | 15189567 | Heat-killed E. coli induced neutrophil accumulation which was not decreased by p50 deficiency, demonstrating that bacterial growth and metabolism were not responsible for the different responses to bacteria and LPS. p50 deficiency increased the LPS-induced expression of kappaB-regulated genes essential to neutrophil recruitment, including KC, MIP-2, ICAM-1, and TNF-alpha suggesting that p50 normally limited this gene expression and that decreased neutrophil recruitment did not result from insufficient expression of these genes. |
| 42 | 15456623 | Levels of IL-4, 5 and 10 (Th2 profile) decreased while those of IL-2, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha (Th1 profile) decreased. |
| 43 | 16113842 | Furthermore, B-CLL-DCs generated from the 2 CLL subgroups up-regulated MHC-II, CD80, CD86, CD83, CD40, and CD54 and down-regulated CD206 in response to stimulation with a cocktail of cytokines (CyC) and secreted increased levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-12 (p70), and RANTES in a manner typical of mature normal-DCs. |
| 44 | 15536145 | Mouse and human B7-H1+ NK cells induced proliferation of T cells and production of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in vitro, and in vivo blocking of B7-H1 inhibited the protective effect of vaccination. |
| 45 | 15780734 | For each hamster included in the study, prion-specific serum antibodies as well as deposition of pathological prion protein (PrP(res)), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and mRNA expression for cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-1beta, IL-10) in brain tissues were evaluated. |
| 46 | 15893422 | Lipoproteins are the key inflammatory molecule type of Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, and we had previously shown that lipoprotein-induced TNF-alpha production in astrocytes caused astrocyte apoptosis, and IL-6 enhanced proliferation of these cells. |
| 47 | 15893422 | We also investigated whether specific inhibition of p38 and Erk1/2 MAPK would inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-6 production and thus astrocyte apoptosis, and proliferation, respectively. |
| 48 | 15949138 | Despite normal basal expression of Toll-like receptors and membrane CD14, innate immune responses of neonatal mononuclear cells to lipopolysaccharide are characterized by markedly reduced release of the pro-inflammatory Th1-polarizing cytokines TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma with relative preservation of anti-inflammatory Th2-polarizing cytokines. |
| 49 | 15972497 | StxB1-treated DCs exhibited an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, a stimulation of DO11.10 T-cell proliferation, and the production of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 50 | 16001981 | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is essential for granuloma formation and is a potent activator of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1, CCL2). |
| 51 | 16001981 | Circulating serum levels of CXCL8 and TNFalpha were raised in all tuberculosis patients, while CCL2 levels were not. |
| 52 | 16001981 | CCL2 is activated by TNFalpha and is essential for recruitment of monocytes and T cells to the site of mycobacterial infection. |
| 53 | 16037410 | Upon CD40 ligation, G4-DC produced lower amounts of IFN-alpha and pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine, similar amounts of IL-6, macrophage-inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, and higher amounts of IL-12 p70, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and MIP-3beta than I3-DC. |
| 54 | 16253558 | The intracellular survival of mycobacteria was enhanced when endogeous TNFalpha activity was neutralized with anti-rgpTNFalpha antiserum. rgp RANTES (CCL5) upregulated mRNA levels for TNFalpha, IL-1beta, MCP-1 (CCL2), and IL-8 (CXCL8) in alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. |
| 55 | 16303787 | We demonstrate here that the addition of PGE2 to TNF for the maturation of MoDCs enhanced CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferative responses to neoantigen and recall antigen, and enhanced Th1-type responses. |
| 56 | 16303787 | In addition, although MoDCs matured with TNF and PGE2 selectively produced the inhibitory IL-12p40 subunit at steady state, they were able to produce the bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimer after stimulation with CD40 ligand and/or IFN-gamma. |
| 57 | 16176850 | Recent advances in studies of T cell memory have implicated the tumor-necrosis-factor receptor (TNFR) family member, OX40 (CD134), as a key co-stimulatory molecule involved in the regulation of CD4 memory T cells. |
| 58 | 16314006 | Specific IgG prevents enteroinvasive Escherichia coli/Salmonella typhi-induced diarrhea and may exert an effective protection by enhancing splenic NK cell activity, elevating IL-2 level and inhibiting excessive release of TNF-alpha in mice. |
| 59 | 16499578 | T-cell interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and macrophage tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activate chemokines such as, C-C chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2) and CCL5, which play a role in granuloma formation. |
| 60 | 16517710 | CD45(RO/+) cells produce more TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. |
| 61 | 16574669 | Concentrations of 5-10 mug ml(-1) F. tularensis LPS elicited a similar pattern of mRNA and protein induction than 0.1 mug ml(-1) E. coli LPS, including the expression of CXC chemokines (IL-8, Gro and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10); CC chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and -2, macrophage-derived chemoattractant, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and -1beta and RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha). |
| 62 | 16621986 | The IL-23-induced antitumor effect and accompanying reversible weight loss were both partially mediated by TNF-alpha. |
| 63 | 16622195 | Splenocytes from infected C3H/HeJ mice produced almost no interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) upon ex vivo restimulation with B. pertussis compared to A/J mice and also showed a delayed gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production. |
| 64 | 16630025 | Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) alone was a poor inducer of MoDC maturation, but in association with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or TLR ligands such as lipopolysaccharide and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid I:C, an up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex II and CD80/86 expression was noted, along with reduced endocytic activity. |
| 65 | 16641451 | ERK-1 and ERK-2 activation results in an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) 3 to 6 h after SAG treatment, while p38 MAPK activation and subsequent tumor necrosis factor alpha release result in the production of nitric oxide (NO) 24 h after SAG treatment. |
| 66 | 16115702 | These findings indicate that the mutant may induce Thl-type response to the vaccine through its IL-12 and TNFalpha induction by macrophages. |
| 67 | 16122847 | Mo-DCs pulsed with rUreA activated allogenic CD56+ NK-cells, as determined by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma secretion, but not allogenic CD4+/CD45RA+ naïve T-cells. |
| 68 | 16857732 | These results suggest that the simultaneous production of an activating (IL-12, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha) and a suppressing (IL-10) cytokine profile could contribute to the immunopathogenesis of tularemia. |
| 69 | 16970676 | Furthermore, CpG ODN enhanced the production of TNF-alpha and Th1-mediated cytokines, including IFN-gamma and IL-2 compared with JE vaccine alone. |
| 70 | 16971487 | In vitro, NIK increases dendritic cell antigen presentation in allogeneic and antigen-specific T cell proliferation assays by potently activating NF-kappaB and consequently up-regulating the expression of cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18), chemokines [IL-8, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-3], MHC antigen-presenting molecules (class I and II), and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86). |
| 71 | 16971810 | DCs were generated by culturing monocytes with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor) and interleukin (IL-4) and activated by additional culture with tumor necrosis factor and CD40 ligand. |
| 72 | 16982903 | The fatal responses were perforin- and Fas ligand-independent, and were associated with high serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and CCL2, and low levels of IL-10. |
| 73 | 16931603 | Molecular adjuvants can be considered in the following groups: TNF superfamily molecules such as CD40 ligand; agonists for TLRs; agonists for NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, TP-1-leucine-rich repeat pathway receptors, such as nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)1, NOD2, and cryopyrin; chemokines; ILs; CSFs; IFNs; alarmins; and purinergic P2X7 receptor agonists. |
| 74 | 16889876 | The current standard DC-maturation cocktail for clinical trials is inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6) combined with prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), inducing phenotypically mature MoDCs with high migratory responsiveness to CCR7 ligands. |
| 75 | 17048271 | BM-derived macrophages and DC displayed enhanced expression of costimulatory molecules (CD40 and CD86) and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-12p40) and nitric oxide after infection. |
| 76 | 17086054 | Nef-specific CD4 and CD8 memory T cells that produced intracellular IFN-gamma, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were assessed by flow cytometry. |
| 77 | 16750567 | Intracellular expression and release of TNF-alpha and IL-12 in presence of porin was found to be TLR2 and NF-kappaB dependent. |
| 78 | 16887158 | Relative to S. aureus-infected udder quarters receiving saline, quarters infused with LPS demonstrated a heightened inflammatory response as demonstrated by the induction of TNF-alpha and higher milk somatic cell counts and albumin levels. |
| 79 | 17118497 | Moreover, DC were able to produce increased levels of TNF-alpha and synthesize ex novo IL-15 without altering the IL-10/IL-12 immunoregulatory pathway. |
| 80 | 17183611 | There is growing evidence that engagement of OX40 (CD134), a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, can directly stimulate antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. |
| 81 | 17030496 | Both AM apoptosis and the number of macrophages containing apoptotic bodies are reduced in iNOS(-/-) as compared to control or gp91(phox-/-) mice. iNOS(-/-) mice recruit neutrophils and generate TNF-alpha to compensate for impaired AM competence but ROS deficiency has no apparent effect on AM function in this model. |
| 82 | 17081660 | The GEM particles induced the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by macrophages as well as the maturation of dendritic cells. |
| 83 | 17106649 | Flow cytometric analyses showed that TGF-beta2 does not suppress the upregulation of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class II molecules and the T cell stimulatory capacity of human DC that were stimulated with a strong cytokine cocktail containing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta, IL-6 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). |
| 84 | 17311933 | It is noteworthy that in response to heat stress, mature DC produced higher levels of IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha, which are two cytokines involved in the stimulation of inflammatory reaction, whereas IL-10 production remained low. |
| 85 | 17451739 | Here we describe extensive studies to optimize and quantitatively validate the 8-color ICS assay for use in clinical trials of candidate vaccines, which includes measurement of viable IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha and IL-4 producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. |
| 86 | 17504117 | The mechanisms of the effects of IL-4 include impaired antimicrobial activity due to reduced TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis of infected cells, reduced activity of iNOS, increased availability of iron to intracellular Mtb, and increased proliferation of antigen-specific FOXP-3+ regulatory T cells. |
| 87 | 17504117 | IL-4 also increases the toxicity of TNF-alpha and drives pulmonary fibrosis, thus enhancing immunopathology. |
| 88 | 17440051 | SIV-specific PD-1(high)CD8+ T cells produced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2 under cognate peptide stimulation. |
| 89 | 17553885 | CD4 T cells specific for each of the viruses produced all seven possible combinations of the cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. |
| 90 | 17630192 | These results suggest that human TNFalpha gene vaccination prevents CIA in mice likely by inducing cross-reactive antibodies against TNFalpha, and that heterologous gene vaccination might provide an effective therapeutic strategy to battle TNFalpha mediated diseases. |
| 91 | 17641016 | Vaccination with TNF- or IL-10-modulated DCs altered the Th1/Th2 balance as evidenced by the induction of IL-5- and IL-10-secreting T cells and the concomitant reduction of the IgG2a-IgG1 ratio against the immunizing Ag. |
| 92 | 17641038 | Responding T cells expressed multiple functions including degranulation (CD107a surface mobilization) and production of IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1beta. |
| 93 | 17628695 | Expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-4 by PBMC increased in response to infection, whereas, IL-10 expression decreased. |
| 94 | 17634507 | Smaller amounts of IL-12 p70 were produced by DCs treated with the immune modulators tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta, with or without IFN-gamma, and the amounts did not differ among the uninfected and infected subjects. |
| 95 | 17698261 | The observed post-challenge results paralleled increasing production of IFN-gamma and IL-6, but only limited changes to proinflammatory mediators TNF-alpha or IL-1beta from BCG-stimulated splenocytes. |
| 96 | 17785828 | After priming with IFN-gamma and stimulation with NadADelta351-405, mo-DCs strongly up-regulated maturation markers CD83, CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR, secreted moderate quantities of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8, and produced a slight, although significant, amount of IL-12p70. |
| 97 | 17704295 | Instead, we demonstrate that TNF limits the duration of the effector phase of the CD8 T cell response by regulating apoptosis and not proliferation of effector cells in vivo. |
| 98 | 17704295 | The enhancement in the number of memory CD8 T cells in TNF-deficient (TNF-/-) mice was not associated with up-regulation of IL-7Ralpha or Bcl-2 in effector cells, which indicated that TNF might limit differentiation of memory cells from IL-7R(lo) effector cells. |
| 99 | 17948267 | Promisingly, antigen 85A-specific CD4(+) T cells were found to be highly polyfunctional, producing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-2 and MIP-1beta. |
| 100 | 17954572 | TLR9-L (CpG DNA) mediated activation of DCs in vivo and enhanced the magnitude of antigen-specific CD8(+) interferon (IFN) gamma(+) T cells and polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 2. |
| 101 | 17499850 | B cell activating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family (BAFF) is critical for B cell survival, maturation and T cell activation by acting through its three receptors, BAFF-R, BCMA and TACI. |
| 102 | 18208592 | Under DNA stimulation, macrophages, characterized as CD11b+/CD86+/HLA-DR+, produced high levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 (pro-inflammatory cytokines), and IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine). |
| 103 | 18208592 | On the other hand, DCs, characterized as CD11c+/CD86+/CD123-/BDCA-4+/IFN-alpha-, produced high levels of IL-12 and low levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10. |
| 104 | 18319583 | Low level expressions of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and IL-10 and no expression of IL-2 and IL-4 were observed compared with the control camels. |
| 105 | 18322193 | Moreover, memory CD8(+) T cells that release the DC-activating factor TNF-alpha before the release of cytotoxic granules induce DC expression of an endogenous granzyme B inhibitor PI-9 and protect DCs from CTL killing with similar efficacy as CD4(+) Th cells. |
| 106 | 18337575 | While rAd5-Gag induced primarily gamma interferon-positive (IFN-gamma(+)) and IFN-gamma(+)/tumor necrosis factor alpha(+) (TNF-alpha(+)) T-lymphocyte responses, rAd26-Gag and rAd48-Gag induced higher proportions of interleukin-2(+) (IL-2(+)) and polyfunctional IFN-gamma(+)/TNF-alpha(+)/IL-2(+) T-lymphocyte responses. |
| 107 | 18389479 | DiC14-amidine liposomes also activated human DC, as shown by synthesis of IL-12p40 and TNF-alpha, accumulation of IL-6, IFN-beta and CXCL10 mRNA, and up-regulation of membrane expression of CD80 and CD86. |
| 108 | 18208411 | In accordance with the TLR expression levels, DCs generated from both AML patients and HVs responded to the known microbial ligands peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipoteichoic acid for TLR-2 and LPS as ligand for TLR-4, by producing TNF-alpha and IL-6. |
| 109 | 18331466 | Inhibition of the inducible NO synthase and neutralizing antibodies against TNF-alpha also reduced HMGB1 release stimulated by HSP65. |
| 110 | 18414898 | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central mediator of granuloma formation and control of bacilli spread synergizing with IFNgamma to hamper M. tuberculosis infection. |
| 111 | 18165156 | In PM from BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs, IL-12p40 mRNA was significantly up-regulated; however, the level of IL-10 mRNA was not affected by prior vaccination. rgp TNF-alpha or rgp IFN-gamma, both alone and together, induced a significant increase of H(2)O(2) production in PM from BCG-vaccinated animals. |
| 112 | 18653385 | The MBP-elicited IFN-gamma-, TNF-alpha- and IL-10 production decreased during therapy (p<0.007-0.03), while the IL-6 production increased (p<0.03). |
| 113 | 18708593 | DnaK induced the activation of MAPKs and NF-kappaB in DC and the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 p40, as well as low levels of IL-10. |
| 114 | 19141400 | The expression of co-stimulatory and maturation markers (CD86, CD83 and HLA-DR) was higher on DCs from the culture with tumor cell lysate compared with TNF-alpha culture as a control. |
| 115 | 19144282 | Furthermore, at the end of SLIT induction TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IFN-gamma production were reduced in group B patients (p<0.05, p=0.062 and p=0.060, respectively). |
| 116 | 19178888 | The result showed a decreased activity of MMP 9 and decreased mRNA expression of TNF? |
| 117 | 19011222 | In response to vaccination, KGF-treated allo-BMT recipients, compared with control subjects, generate increased numbers of tumor-specific CD8(+) cells, as well as increased numbers of CD8(+) cells producing interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 118 | 19278729 | Stimulation with TNF, S. gordonii, PGN, LTA, or LP all resulted in increased surface expression of MHCII, CD80, and CD86, compared to unstimulated BM-DCs. |
| 119 | 19278729 | When BM-DCs were simultaneously stimulated with S. gordonii and TNF, a marginal increase in surface marker upregulation was observed, and the two stimuli synergized to elicit substantially greater quantities of IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p70. |
| 120 | 19278729 | The effect of TNF was abolished when BM-DCs were obtained from mice deficient for either TNFR1 or TNFR2, and cytokine induction by S. gordonii was entirely dependent on functional MyD88. |
| 121 | 19278729 | Synergistic IL-10 induction by S. gordonii and TNF was not observed in TLR-2(-/-) BM-DCs, and TNF was found to cause TLR-2 upregulation, providing at least a partial mechanism for the observed synergy. |
| 122 | 19298672 | Addition of IFN-alpha to ex vivo monocyte-derived DCs, did not significantly enhance peptide-specific T cell responses in vivo, compared with TNF-alpha alone. |
| 123 | 19380779 | Although TNF neutralization reduced T cell numbers, its coneutralization with IL-10 unexpectedly restored the T cells, suggesting the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines influences T cell survival rather than their magnitude. |
| 124 | 19237318 | Low doses of alpha-defensins1-3 up-regulated CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR expression, increased TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-12p40, IL-10 and IL-8 secretion, and slightly augmented allostimulatory capacity. |
| 125 | 19321612 | Persistent cytokine responses of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells of the central memory as well as the effector memory phenotype, capable of simultaneously eliciting multiple cytokines (IFN-gamma, interleukin 2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), were induced. |
| 126 | 19380468 | Multicytokine models revealed that increasing P. falciparum-induced IL-6 production was associated with an increased incidence of P. falciparum clinical episodes (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 2.53), while increasing P. falciparum-induced TNF and IFN-gamma production was associated with a reduced incidence of clinical episodes (IRR for TNF, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.38 to 0.80]; IRR for IFN-gamma, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.55 to 0.90]). |
| 127 | 19644961 | In addition, the frequencies of CD4+ T cells producing tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2 were lower in patients after vaccination compared with healthy control subjects. |
| 128 | 19785053 | Furthermore, NDV induced DC maturation (as measured by TNF-alpha production and CD80 cell surface expression) only in the presence of LPS. |
| 129 | 19737892 | At 15, 40, 60, and 120 days postinfection, T-cell activation (CD4+ CD62Llow and CD8+ CD62Llow) and mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-10, IL-12, and eomesodermin were assessed. |
| 130 | 19607952 | Local upregulation of IFN-gamma, IL-6, Cxcl9, CCL2, TNF-alpha, CD274 as well as Toll-like receptor pathway transcripts MyD88, TLR2, TLR3 and TLR9 was observed. |
| 131 | 19726615 | Blockade of PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 using both freshly isolated and cryopreserved PBMC led to higher levels of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Candida-induced gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) with no effect on IL-10 production. |
| 132 | 19726615 | Candida-stimulated PBMC preferentially induced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production, with reduced production of IL-2 and IL-10. |
| 133 | 19812194 | This was further supported by our observation that both liver and spleen CD8(+) T cells from PyGAP-immunized mice induced massive apoptosis of liver stage-infected hepatocytes in vitro without the release of detectable IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. |
| 134 | 19793902 | In this study, LAMPs induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in a dose-dependent manner. |
| 135 | 19793902 | Blocking assays showed that TLR2- and CD14-neutralizing antibodies reduced the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in THP-1 cells. |
| 136 | 19828771 | Pretreatment of cells with a TLR4 antagonist significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in PBMC stimulated with either Veillonella or Escherichia coli LPS. |
| 137 | 19828771 | A specific p38 MAPK inhibitor strongly inhibited V. parvula LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10. |
| 138 | 19922606 | In the current study, we demonstrated that RIGI serves as a PRR in HPIV3 infected cells to induce innate antiviral response by expressing IFNbeta (via activation of interferon regulatory factor-3 or IRF3) and TNFalpha (via activation of NF-kappaB). |
| 139 | 19936231 | Primary macrophages from MyD88(-/-) and TLR2(-/-) mice were significantly impaired in the ability to secrete TNF and other pro-inflammatory cytokines upon ex vivo infection with LVS. |
| 140 | 19652662 | WAg 206, unlike WAg 207, did not elicit inflammatory cytokine production (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-12) or costimulatory molecule expression (HLA-DR, CD83, CD80, CD86) by human MDDCs in vitro. |
| 141 | 19902255 | Importantly, SNPs in the TRIM5 gene coding regions, rs3740996 (His43Tyr) and rs10838525 (Gln136Arg), were associated with an allele dose-related secretion of rubella virus-specific TNF-alpha and IL-2/GM-CSF, respectively, and have been previously shown to have functional consequences regarding the antiviral activity and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. |
| 142 | 20007364 | The levels of expression of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IFN-gamma, and IL-1beta were decreased; and the level of IL-10 increased in early responders. |
| 143 | 19723356 | Overexpression of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF, with a lower but significant expression of the T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokine IL-5 was detected. |
| 144 | 20346983 | CTLs cultured with STAT3-deficient APCs demonstrated a stronger proliferative response and produced increased amounts of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, all of which have been shown to be diminished in tumor-tolerized CD8 T cells. |
| 145 | 20811496 | We found that TNF-alpha production following EC stimulation and TNF-alpha and IL-12(p40) following TB10.4 stimulation were significantly higher from TB cases compared to TST+ HHC, while production of IFN-gamma and IL-13 were significantly higher from TST+ compared to TST- HHC following PPD or EC stimulation. |
| 146 | 20097864 | Multiple immune-effector molecules play a role in antimicrobial immunity mediated by memory CD8 T cells, including IFN-gamma, perforin, TRAIL, Fas ligand, and TNF-alpha. |
| 147 | 20097864 | We further show that neutralization of TNF-alpha in immunized mice markedly reduces memory CD8 T cell-mediated protection against both parasite species. |
| 148 | 20427628 | The IL-12-induced increase in IFN-gamma was mainly mediated by CD4+ T cells that did not produce IL-2 or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). |
| 149 | 20427631 | The CMV pp65 peptide pool and the superantigen Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) induced higher proportions of CD8+ effector T cells expressing gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the oldest study group, while only SEB induced increased responses in the middle-aged study group. |
| 150 | 20607036 | Here, we report that PDT can induce IL-1 and IL-6 and reduce TNF-alpha expression from DCs. |
| 151 | 20640189 | Transfection studies revealed that expression of TREM2 correlated negatively with motility, but correlated positively with the ability of microglia to stimulate CD4(+) T-cell proliferation, TNF (tumour necrosis factor) and CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2) production, but not IFNgamma (interferon gamma) production. |
| 152 | 20378136 | In an in vivo experiment, the murine cytokines induced by VLPs of naked DNA vaccine showed that the Th1 indicators IL-2, TNF-alpha and GM-CSF, and the Th2 indicators IL-4 and IL-10 were increased. |
| 153 | 20720206 | We show that a rapid increase in parasite biomass is strongly associated with the induction of ECM, mediated by IFN-gamma and lymphotoxin alpha, whereas TNF and IL-10 limit this process. |
| 154 | 20421877 | Analysis of DC activated by addition of the mycobacterial vaccine strain Bacillus Calmette-Guérin showed that of the effector molecules studied only interleukin-10 expression was significantly reduced in TNF-negative (B6.TNF(-/-)) DC. |
| 155 | 21098227 | The enhanced cytokine expression was accompanied by enhanced activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, both of which were critical for LVS-induced expression of TNF and IL-6. |
| 156 | 20217072 | TNFA haplotype AAACGGGGC (t-statistic = 3.32) and IL12B promoter haplotype TAG (t-statistic = 2.66) were associated with higher levels of (p < or = 0.01) rubella-IgG and IL-6 secretion, respectively. |
| 157 | 20181442 | Immunostaining for C. abortus was significantly greater in placenta compared to liver (P<0.001), whereas local IFNgamma expression was lower and TNFalpha expression was absent in the placenta compared with the liver across all time points. |
| 158 | 20974829 | B. pertussis-stimulated dendritic cells from IL-1R(-/-) mice produced higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) and IL-6 than wild-type cells. |
| 159 | 21047981 | CD4(+) T cells obtained 3 weeks after infection conferred protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge and produced IFN-? and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-? upon antigen stimulation. |
| 160 | 16113340 | Following intranasal inoculation, Vibrio cholerae KFV101 (DeltactxAB DeltahapA DeltahlyA DeltartxA) colonizes and stimulates tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) in mice, similar to what occurs with isogenic strain P4 (DeltactxAB), but is less virulent and stimulates reduced levels of IL-6, demonstrating a role for accessory toxins in pathogenesis. |
| 161 | 20362206 | The preS2 epitope favored a well-balanced response with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha. |
| 162 | 20826612 | Although the levels of expression of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) and IL-1? were increased by LTA and MDP at the mRNA level, no protein could be detected in the bMEpC culture supernatant. |
| 163 | 20861328 | The Mtb72F-specific CD4(+) T cells predominantly expressed CD40L; CD40L and interleukin-2 (IL-2); CD40L and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?); CD40L, IL-2, and TNF-?; and CD40L, IL-2, TNF-?, and gamma interferon (IFN-?). |
| 164 | 21208909 | Antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells exhibited a polyfunctional phenotype, expressing at least CD40 ligand and interleukin 2, often in combination with tumor necrosis factor ? and/or interferon ?. |
| 165 | 20679213 | This coexpression of Tim-3 and PD-1 was associated with more severe CD8 T-cell exhaustion in terms of proliferation and secretion of effector cytokines such as IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. |
| 166 | 20457264 | Polychromatic flow cytometry was used to examine CD4(+) T cells for levels of interferon (IFN)-?, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?, and CD154 (CD40 ligand) expression after stimulation with inactivated flu virus. |
| 167 | 19060369 | The immature DC could express CD80, CD83, CD86, HLA-DR, and HLA-ABC,but the mature DC induced by TNF-alpha, PGE-2, and CD40L further highly expressed above molecules. |
| 168 | 19903103 | We describe an extensive effort to optimize and validate quantitatively an in vitro T-cell culture method by determining the phenotype and function of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, including measurement of the phenotype markers CCR7, CD45RA, CD28 and CD27 and the functional markers interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and CD107a. |
| 169 | 21307196 | This was confirmed by flow cytometry analyses of expression of CD3/CD8/PD-1/Tim-3, HSV-1, CD8(+) T cell pentamer (specific for a peptide derived from residues 498 to 505 of glycoprotein B [gB(498-505)]), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?). |
| 170 | 20214479 | Primary vaccine recipients had maximal levels of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor on days 6-7 after vaccination; peak levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble TNF receptor 1, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), interleukin (IL)-6, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 on days 8-9 after vaccination; peak levels of soluble TNF receptor 2 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG) on days 10-11 after vaccination; and peak levels of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor on days 12-13 after vaccination. |
| 171 | 19273561 | The upregulation of TNF-alpha and downregulation of IL-12p70 required Dectin-1, but not IL-10. |
| 172 | 19291774 | In this experimental model, CD8+ T-cell IFNgamma acts on Kupffer cells, inducing TNFalpha secretion and liver injury. |
| 173 | 19921187 | Together, these studies indicate that treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with DC treated with TNF-alpha can induce IL-10 production by resident cells at the tumor site, leading to immune tolerance and exacerbation of disease. |
| 174 | 20810726 | Syncytia were also evident, along with significant basolateral secretion of proinflammatory chemokines, including IP-10, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8. |
| 175 | 19342665 | DENV-specific CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, expressed cell surface CD107a, and exhibited cytotoxic activity in vivo. |
| 176 | 21533158 | Further, characterization of T cell responses in mice demonstrates that protection against TB is predictable by the frequency of CD4 T cells simultaneously producing interferon (IFN)?, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)? and IL2. |
| 177 | 20719985 | These new HHV-8 epitopes activated monofunctional and polyfunctional CD8(+) T cells that produced various combinations of gamma interferon, interleukin 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, macrophage inhibitory protein 1?, and cytotoxic degranulation marker CD107a in healthy HHV-8-seropositive individuals. |
| 178 | 21250864 | Furthermore, expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL10), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-?, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12p70 was enhanced but IL-1? and IL-10 were stable or even downregulated. |
| 179 | 20471443 | Furthermore, multifunctional CD4(+) Th1 cells, which simultaneously produce IFN-gamma, IL-2 and TNF-alpha triple cytokines, and CD8(+) T-cells, which produce IFN-gamma were elevated in the mCD40L/SHIV-VLP immunized group. |
| 180 | 20221274 | The PBSCs were cultured in the X-VIVO 20 medium supplemented with the Flt-3 Ligand (FL), GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-alpha for 12 days. |
| 181 | 20702656 | We found that both Plasmodium falciparum MIF (PfMIF) and Plasmodium vivax MIF (PvMIF) levels in patients were positively correlated with parasitemia, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-10 (IL-10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 but were not correlated with transforming growth factor ?1 and IL-12. |
| 182 | 21424108 | After administrations of TNBS, vaccinated mice had significantly less body weight loss and a significant decrease of inflammatory scores, collagen deposition and expression of p40, IL-12, IL-23, IL-17, TNF, iNOS and Bcl-2 in colon tissues, compared with carrier and saline groups. |
| 183 | 21858087 | Further, we show that B/D immunization in mice results in a heightened frequency of PPD and antigen specific multi-functional CD4 T cells (3(+)) simultaneously producing interferon (IFN)?, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)? and interleukin (IL)2. |
| 184 | 20465573 | NHP CD8alphaalpha(+) T cells produced tumour necrosis factor-alpha / interferon-gamma (TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma) or TNF-alpha, whereas human CD8alphaalpha(+) T cells produced simultaneously TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma and IL-2. |
| 185 | 8618848 | In 5 HIV subjects with abnormally low CD4+ cell counts ( < 400 cells per microliters), the number of days since seroconversion correlated significantly with low correlation between TNF-alpha and delta amplitude. |
| 186 | 17523874 | In the first experiments, (1) tinctures from E. angustifolia, E. pallida, E. paradoxa, and E. tennesseensis stimulated proliferation and tended to increase IL-10, (2) E. sanguinea and E. simulata stimulated only proliferation, (3) E. purpurea stimulated only IL-10, and (4) none of the extracts influenced IL-12 or TNF-alpha. |
| 187 | 18593617 | Findings from our laboratory have demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is induced by BCG treatment, and TRAIL was expressed on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in the urine obtained from patients after intravesical BCG instillation. |
| 188 | 19540594 | Using an endotoxin free rHagB preparation, our results show that stimulation of murine bone marrow-derived DC with rHagB leads to upregulation of the costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40, activation of p38 and ERK MAP kinases, transcription factors NF-kappaB, CREB and IRF-3 and the production of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12p40 and to a lesser extent IL-10 and IFN-beta. |
| 189 | 19540594 | While upregulation of CD86 was independent of the adaptor molecule MyD88, CD40 upregulation and optimal cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-12p40, IL-10 and IFN-beta) production required both MyD88 and TRIF molecules. |
| 190 | 18832706 | Polychromatic cytometry analysis indicated that the virus-specific T cells from the severe group tended to be a central memory phenotype (CD27(+)/CD45RO(+)) with a significantly higher frequency of polyfunctional CD4(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2, and CD8(+) T cells producing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and CD107a (degranulation), as compared with the mild-moderate group. |
| 191 | 21688261 | TNFRSF25 is a member of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) that binds to the TNF-like protein TL1A. |
| 192 | 19526193 | Cytometry analysis indicated that the majority of memory CD8(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma, whereas memory CD4(+) T cells produced IFN-gamma, IL-2 or TNF-alpha. |
| 193 | 20686664 | Our results indicate that both the HCV TCR-transduced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells recognized the HCV NS3:1073-1081 peptide-loaded targets and HCV(+) hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) in a polyfunctional manner with cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha) production as well as cytotoxicity. |
| 194 | 21949376 | In addition, we show that murine IFN-? and human TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand can be displayed on the surface of VLPs, and that these modified VLPs can cause the appropriate response in cells, as evidenced by phosphorylation of STAT1 and induction of cell death, respectively. |