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Gene Information
Gene symbol: ADIPOQ
Gene name: adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing
HGNC ID: 13633
Synonyms: ACRP30, AdipoQ, apM1, GBP28, adiponectin
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 21914779 | Infection increased macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, visfatin, and IL-6 secretion, whereas resistin and adiponectin were decreased. |
| 2 | 21916932 | This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of adiponectin (APN) gene expression during physiologic conditions and both the clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms of hypoadiponectinaemia during pathologic conditions. 2. |
| 3 | 22022575 | GC treatment decreased lipogenesis but did not alter rates of ?-oxidation in Chub-S7 cells, whilst insulin increased lipogenesis in all adipocyte cell models. |
| 4 | 21926274 | Plasma FGF21 levels were significantly negatively correlated with plasma adiponectin. |
| 5 | 21900154 | A series of statistical analyses using cases and controls matched for age, sex, and genetic risk confirmed that T1D patients have significantly higher serum levels for four of the six proteins: adiponectin (odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, p = 10(-27)), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (OR = 2.02, p < 10(-20)), C-reactive protein (OR = 1.13, p = 0.007), serum amyloid protein A (OR = 1.51, p < 10(-16)); whereas the serum levels were significantly lower in patients than controls for the two other proteins: transforming growth factor beta induced (OR = 0.74, p < 10(-5)) and myeloperoxidase (OR = 0.51, p < 10(-41)). |
| 6 | 21801810 | Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is expressed in adipose tissue and is involved in adipocyte metabolism. |
| 7 | 21711374 | The associations may be mediated by adipokines because leptin and adiponectin were, respectively, inversely and positively associated with SHBG levels. |
| 8 | 21711374 | The association with fat mass could be mediated by the effects of adiponectin and/or leptin on SHBG synthesis. |
| 9 | 21916833 | Leptin secretion from white adipocytes curbs appetite to limit dietary nutrient intake and adipocyte TAG storage and, potentially, GSIS, thereby curtailing insulin-dependent TAG storage. |
| 10 | 22147092 | Plasma adiponectin and the coding gene for adiponectin, ADIPOQ, are thought to explain part of the interaction between obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and coronary artery disease (CAD). |
| 11 | 6991329 | However, omission of calcium from the adipocyte incubation media significantly lowered the insulin stimulation by 24% while basal levels were not significantly affected. |
| 12 | 6991335 | In these studies, we show that lysosomal degradation of internalized receptor-bound insulin is not necessary for insulin to cause short-term biologic effects in the adipocyte. |
| 13 | 6765517 | To assess whether human insulin (recombinant DNA) is superior to porcine insulin, we compared the biologic effect of these two insulin preparations on rat and human adipocyte lipogenesis in vitro. |
| 14 | 6389225 | In competition with 125I(A14)-iodoinsulin for binding to adipocyte receptors at 15 degrees C, proinsulin showed a 100-fold lower affinity for binding than did insulin. |
| 15 | 3918399 | Before treatment, the adipocyte insulin receptor binding and the sensitivity to insulin stimulation of adipose tissue glucose oxidation were normal and did not change after treatment. |
| 16 | 3898867 | The effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the rat was studied in isolated adipocyte, perfused hindlimb, and the intact organism. |
| 17 | 3552798 | Fed plasma glucose concentrations increased in the NSIR between 4 and 5 wk and were significantly elevated at 8 wk (251 +/- 25 vs. 527 +/- 52 mg/dl, P less than .001). 125l-labeled insulin binding showed a progressive increase as a function of adipocyte volume in control and NSIR. |
| 18 | 3296383 | Specific adipocyte receptor binding of insulin and the effects of the hormone on glucose oxidation and lipolysis were determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue. |
| 19 | 2958492 | The IGFs inhibited fat cell glycerol release and stimulated adipocyte 3-O-methylglucose transport and adipose tissue glucose oxidation as effectively as did insulin, but the biological potencies of the IGFs, on a molar basis, were 600-1000 times less than that of insulin. |
| 20 | 2958492 | However, the IGFs definitely produce acute insulin-like effects in the human adipocyte, which seems to be mediated via the insulin receptor. |
| 21 | 2960133 | We have observed that the conversion of 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A preadipocyte clones to the adipocyte phenotype, in response to appropriate differentiation stimuli (fetal calf serum, insulin, dexamethasone, and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine), is blocked by DHEA and other steroidal inhibitors of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. |
| 22 | 3124871 | The adipocyte was found to be a sensitive model for insulin activation of this enzyme. |
| 23 | 3124871 | The present studies indicate that the isolated human subcutaneous adipocyte may serve as a useful model for in vitro investigation of the effects of insulin on glycogen synthase. |
| 24 | 3357486 | Forskolin and four analogues of forskolin, 7-beta-[gamma-(N'-methylpiperazino)-butyryloxy]-7-desacet ylforskolin, 7-desacetylforskolin, 7-tosyl-7-desacetylforskolin, and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, were tested for their ability to activate adenylate cyclase, inhibit glucose transport, and inhibit cytochalasin B binding in rat adipocyte membranes. |
| 25 | 3053303 | After 9 days of treatment, insulin binding to adipocyte plasma membranes from both CS-045-treated Zucker fatty rats and KK mice was increased. |
| 26 | 3181620 | Adenylate cyclase activity and its modulation by guanine nucleotides and isoproterenol were assessed in adipocyte membranes of mice with mutations causing different genetic obesity syndromes. |
| 27 | 3069766 | The progression of metabolic events from hyperinsulinemia to NIDDM in monkeys includes cellular changes in insulin responses at the level of the adipocyte. |
| 28 | 2643334 | One-day insulin treatment increased PWAT weight and adipocyte size without stimulating mitoses. |
| 29 | 2643334 | The results demonstrate that 1) insulin is able to stimulate cell proliferation in PWAT of adult diabetic rats, 2) it transiently stimulates proliferative activity in adipose tissue after a 2- to 3-day period of induction, 3) the increase in adipocyte size precedes the enhancement of mitotic activity, and 4) the effects of insulin were specific, as in the same rats, under the same experimental conditions, insulin did not increase the cell labeling in brown adipose tissue. |
| 30 | 2523787 | A complementary in vitro study using adipocytes from non-obese healthy volunteers failed to show any direct effect of metformin on adipocyte insulin binding or glucose transport and metabolism, at media drug concentrations corresponding to therapeutic plasma levels. |
| 31 | 2542108 | The biological effects of insulin and IGF-I were examined by studying adipocyte lipoprotein lipase (LPL). |
| 32 | 2798420 | Adipsin expression is sharply down-regulated in several models of genetic and acquired obesity, representing the first example of an adipocyte gene whose expression is greatly altered in this disorder. |
| 33 | 2113530 | The present study was designed to determine if diet fat-induced alteration in the fatty acid composition of the adipocyte plasma membrane alters insulin binding and the insulin responsiveness of glucose metabolism in control and diabetic states. |
| 34 | 2175290 | Two days after DEN, insulin binding to liver membranes and insulin removal by the liver were sharply reduced whereas its binding to muscle and adipocyte membranes remained unaltered. |
| 35 | 2052553 | To study the role of the insulin receptor in determining adipocyte differentiation of the mouse cell line 3T3-L1, we have introduced a mutation that inactivates the insulin receptor gene by homologous recombination. |
| 36 | 2052553 | The defect in adipocyte-specific differentiation was corrected by expression of transfected human insulin receptor cDNA. |
| 37 | 1372897 | For aP2, the effect requires long chain fatty acids and occurs without a generalized activation of the genes linked to adipocyte differentiation. |
| 38 | 7678005 | This rapid loss of GLUT4 expression did not correlate with changes in adipocyte cAMP levels and was not prevented by treatment of the cells with either insulin and/or PIA. |
| 39 | 8445033 | We investigated the effect of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) on the differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells in primary culture. |
| 40 | 8445033 | Continuous exposure of the cells to TNF alpha completely blocked expression of the adipocyte phenotype and GPDH activity. |
| 41 | 8319581 | Increased messenger RNA half-lives from 2.2 to greater than 24 h for GLUT1 and from 1.2 to greater than 24 h for GLUT4 correlated with this induced adipocyte differentiation. |
| 42 | 8352437 | Insulin binding and insulin responsiveness are altered by dietary fat-induced changes in the fatty acid composition of the adipocyte plasma membrane. |
| 43 | 8243823 | Cellular GLUT4 was negatively correlated with adipocyte size in the control subjects and GDM patients with normal GLUT4 (r = 0.60), but fell way below this continuum in GDM patients with low GLUT4, indicating that heterogeneity was not caused by differences in obesity. |
| 44 | 8121307 | We studied the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the differentiation of adipocyte precursor cells obtained from human adipose tissue and cultured in a serum-free hormone-supplemented medium. |
| 45 | 8121307 | Addition of ET-1 to newly developed fat cells also caused a suppression of GPDH activity without changing adipocyte morphology. |
| 46 | 8087095 | Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are heterogeneous; adipocyte GLUT 4 levels are either normal or markedly reduced but all patients exhibit abnormalities in GLUT 4 subcellular distribution and insulin-mediated translocation. 3. |
| 47 | 7822300 | The adipocyte particulate fraction (PF) constituted approximately 80% of cellular PP-1 activity, while PP-2A was entirely cytosolic. |
| 48 | 7822300 | Immunoprecipitation of PF with an antibody against the site-1 sequence of rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen-associated PP-1 (PP-1G) subunit indicated that approximately 40% of adipocyte PP-1 activity was due to PP-1G form of the enzyme. |
| 49 | 7895657 | Incubation of 3T3-L1 cells with TNF alpha alone completely inhibited adipocyte conversion and expression of fatty acid-binding protein messenger RNA (mRNA). |
| 50 | 9392477 | Furthermore, TNF-alpha has distinct effects on adipose tissue including induction of insulin resistance, induction of leptin production, stimulation of lipolysis, suppression of lipogenesis, induction of adipocyte dedifferentiation, and impairment of preadipocyte differentiation in vitro. |
| 51 | 9392477 | Taken together, these effects all tend to decrease adipocyte volume and number and suggest a role for TNF-alpha in limiting increase in fat mass. |
| 52 | 9851784 | It is concluded that 1) open flow microperfusion combined with the ionic reference technique enables frequent measurement of the sc lactate concentration; 2) sc adipose tissue is a significant source of lactate release in the postabsorbtive state as well as during hyperinsulinemic clamp conditions; and 3) insulin concentrations greater than 180 pmol/L have no further influence on adipocyte stimulation of sc adipose tissue with respect to lactate release. |
| 53 | 10615224 | The results demonstrate that early protein restriction enhances the capacity for adipocyte glucose uptake at high insulin concentrations, but dampens the response to insulin at low physiological concentrations. |
| 54 | 10805513 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) are transcription factors that regulate adipocyte differentiation and gene expression. |
| 55 | 10976920 | This novel PPARgamma antagonist does not block adipocyte differentiation induced by a ligand for the retinoid X receptor (RXR), the heterodimeric partner for PPARgamma, or by a differentiation cocktail containing insulin, dexamethasone, and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine. |
| 56 | 10976920 | Such selective PPARgamma antagonists may help determine whether insulin sensitization by thiazolidinediones is mediated solely through PPARgamma activation, and whether there are PPARgamma-ligand-independent pathways for adipocyte differentiation. |
| 57 | 10981713 | The data support a role for MCT1 in lactate transport and suggest that changes in MCT1 expression are likely to have important implications for adipocyte lactate metabolism. |
| 58 | 11148145 | Combined fractionation and immunofluorescence analyses reveal that Csp1 is not a component of intracellular Glut4-storage vesicles (GSVs), but is associated with the adipocyte plasma membrane. |
| 59 | 11149898 | In hyperleptinemic young rats, adipocyte expression of preadipocyte factor 1 increased dramatically and leptin mRNA virtually disappeared; there was increased expression of acyl CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and their transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, accounting for the reduction in body fat. |
| 60 | 11289057 | Recent studies have identified a common proline-to-alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and possibly insulin sensitivity. |
| 61 | 11712415 | We conclude that although by different mechanisms, both PPAR gamma/RXR inhibitors and PPAR gamma agonist improve insulin resistance, which is associated with decreased TG content of muscle/liver and prevention of adipocyte hypertrophy. |
| 62 | 11912559 | Although the inhibition of IR autophosphorylation by TNF-alpha is known to occur at the adipocyte level, the data on the inhibitory effect of TNF-alpha on insulin-induced e-NOS expression and IRP contents are novel. |
| 63 | 11921433 | TZD-induced activation of PPAR gamma alters the transcription of several genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism and energy balance, including those that code for lipoprotein lipase, fatty acid transporter protein, adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, fatty acyl-CoA synthase, malic enzyme, glucokinase and the GLUT4 glucose transporter. |
| 64 | 11924926 | At the other end of the spectrum are the inherited syndromes of insulin resistance that are caused by mutations in the insulin receptor gene and in the adipocyte-specific transcription factor PPARgamma. |
| 65 | 11928067 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR(gamma2)) represents the transcriptional master regulator of adipocyte differentiation and therefore has been suggested as candidate gene for the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. |
| 66 | 11935160 | The Calpain 10 gene could be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism but not lipolysis in human fat cells, although it does not involve adipocyte GLUT-4 protein content. |
| 67 | 11960303 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. |
| 68 | 11978627 | Importantly, a number of adipocyte-abundant genes, including GLUT4, hormone sensitive lipase, long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthase, adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa, and transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha, receptor retinoid X receptor-alpha, and peroxisome profilerator-activated receptor gamma were significantly downregulated by TNF-alpha treatment. |
| 69 | 11978627 | Thus the changes in adipocyte gene expression induced by TNF-alpha could lead to insulin resistance. |
| 70 | 12660870 | Thus, visceral cells transfer and release fatty acids more extensively, have increased glucocorticoid and reduced thiazolidinedione responses, produce more angiotensinogen, interleukin-6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and secrete less leptin and adiponectin than SAT. |
| 71 | 12660878 | Circulating IL-6 and leptin levels showed a positive association with BMI (r = 0.24, p = 0.04 and r = 0.70, p < 0.0001), whereas adiponectin was not correlated to BMI. |
| 72 | 12388136 | In the control group, adiponectin mRNA levels were negatively correlated with fasting insulin (P < 0.05) and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (P < 0.05). |
| 73 | 12424252 | In order to investigate the effects of CNTF on fat cells, we examined the expression of CNTF receptor complex proteins (LIFR, gp130, and CNTFRalpha) during adipocyte differentiation and the effects of CNTF on STAT, Akt, and MAPK activation. |
| 74 | 12424252 | Our studies clearly demonstrate that the expression of two of the three CNTF receptor complex components, CNTFRalpha and LIFR, decreases during adipocyte differentiation. |
| 75 | 12424252 | In summary, CNTF affects adipocyte gene expression, and the specific receptor for this cytokine is induced in rodent models of obesity/type II diabetes. |
| 76 | 12426306 | In this study, we identify that a second family member, KLF2/Lung Krüppel-like factor (LKLF), as a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 77 | 12426306 | However, the expression of C/EBPalpha and SREBP1c/ADD1 (adipocyte determination and differentiation factor-1/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1), two factors that feedback in a positive manner to enhance PPARgamma function, was also markedly reduced. |
| 78 | 12431986 | The adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin has been shown to play important roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. |
| 79 | 12663465 | Furthermore, the inverse correlation between plasma levels of hs-CRP and plasma adiponectin remained significant despite correction for obesity-associated variables (partial r = -0.32, P < 0.05), whereas the inverse correlation between adiponectin plasma levels or adiponectin gene expression in adipose tissue with plasma IL-6 were largely dependent on the clustering of obesity-associated variables. |
| 80 | 12663465 | In conclusion, our data suggest a transcriptional mechanism leading to decreased adiponectin plasma levels in obese women and demonstrate that low levels of adiponectin are associated with higher levels of hs-CRP and IL-6, two inflammatory mediators and markers of increased cardiovascular risk. |
| 81 | 12665425 | SR-202 is a selective antagonist at PPAR-gamma, which inhibits the adipocyte differentiation normally seen with the PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone. |
| 82 | 12676168 | Whereas angiotensin II promotes adipocyte growth and preadipocyte recruitment, increased secretion of angiotensinogen from adipocytes also directly contributes to the close relationship between adipose-tissue mass and blood pressure in mice. |
| 83 | 12684358 | Body mass index decreased more in the intervention group than in controls (-4.2; P<.001), as did serum concentrations of IL-6 (-1.1 pg/mL; P =.009), IL-18 (-57 pg/mL; P =.02), and CRP (-1.6 mg/L; P =.008), while adiponectin levels increased significantly (2.2 microg/mL; P =.01). |
| 84 | 12829623 | The adipocyte secreted hormone resistin has been proposed as a link between the adipocyte and insulin resistance by inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and/or blocking adipocyte differentiation. |
| 85 | 12829629 | Thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists, have been shown to increase plasma adiponectin levels by the transcriptional induction in adipose tissues. |
| 86 | 12829629 | LRH-1 augmented PPAR-gamma-induced transactivation of adiponectin promoter, and point mutation of the LRH-RE significantly decreased the basal and thiazolidinedione-induced activities of adiponectin promoter. |
| 87 | 12829629 | Our results indicate that PPAR-gamma and LRH-1 play significant roles in the transcriptional activation of adiponectin gene via the PPRE and the LRH-RE in its promoter. |
| 88 | 12829646 | Adiponectin expression was not related to plasma levels of leptin or interleukin-6. |
| 89 | 12829646 | Thus, adiponectin expression from adipose tissue is higher in lean subjects and women, and is associated with higher degrees of insulin sensitivity and lower TNF-alpha expression. |
| 90 | 12732648 | Thus, p65 antagonizes the transcriptional regulatory activity of PPAR-gamma in adipocytes, and PPAR-gamma activation can at least partially override the inhibitory effects of p65 on the expression of key adipocyte genes. |
| 91 | 12732648 | Our data suggest that inhibition of NF-kappaB activity is a mechanism by which PPAR-gamma agonists improve insulin sensitivity in vivo and that adipocyte NF-kappaB is a potential therapeutic target for obesity-linked type 2 diabetes. |
| 92 | 12807871 | However, the response of typical white adipocyte targets to rosiglitazone treatment was not altered by PGC-1 alpha. |
| 93 | 12927809 | We examined the role of PPAR gamma 2 and C/EBP alpha for adiponectin and aP2 gene activation in C/EBP alpha(-/-) fibroblasts by stably expressing PPAR gamma 2 or C/EBP alpha. |
| 94 | 12927809 | Thiazolidinediones markedly activated the gene in PPAR gamma 2-expressing cells in the absence of C/EBP alpha, suggesting that the adiponectin promoter may have functional PPAR gamma-response elements. |
| 95 | 12927809 | Several observations showed that the adiponectin and aP2 genes can be differentially regulated in adipocytes: (1) Topiramate, an anti-epileptic agent with weight-reducing properties, increased adiponectin mRNA levels and secretion, but did not, like the thiazolidinediones, increase aP2 expression; (2) IL-6 reduced adiponectin, but significantly increased, aP2 expression; and (3) TNFalpha inhibited adiponectin, but paradoxically increased, aP2 expression in PPAR gamma 2-infected C/EBP alpha null cells. |
| 96 | 12941765 | In addition, adiponectin treatment increased the expression of UCP1 mRNA in BAT, UCP2 mRNA in WAT, and UCP3 mRNA in skeletal muscle compared with PBS-treated A(y)/a controls. |
| 97 | 12941765 | Finally, these above responses as well as expression of c-Fos-like immunohistochemistry in the hypothalamus were not induced by central application of adiponectin (0-15 micro g/kg). |
| 98 | 12941765 | Taken together, adiponectin effectively regulated visceral adiposity, SNA, and UCP mRNA expression peripherally, suggesting that this substance can be used as a therapeutic tool, administered peripherally, in the treatment of visceral obesity and related metabolic disorders. |
| 99 | 14529153 | Among NRs, retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) heterodimers can mediate adipocyte differentiation and obesity which has been demonstrated with in vitro cell culture systems and RXR- and PPARgamma-specific ligand studies. |
| 100 | 12933352 | This study was designed to assess whether IMCL content and plasma adiponectin were also associated with the severity of insulin resistance in T1DM. |
| 101 | 12944390 | Using phospho-specific antibodies, we observed that either adiponectin or insulin treatment (but not LPA treatment) caused phosphorylation of both Akt at Ser473 and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) at Ser1179 that was inhibitable by wortmannin. |
| 102 | 12944390 | We conclude that adiponectin has novel vascular actions to directly stimulate production of NO in endothelial cells using phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathways involving phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1179 by AMPK. |
| 103 | 12970362 | The expression of GLUT4 is furthermore correlated to the induction of LXR alpha during mouse and human adipocyte differentiation. |
| 104 | 14500570 | Thus, factors that activate AMPK and decrease the concentration of malonyl CoA in peripheral tissues, such as exercise, decrease triglyceride accumulation in the adipocyte and other cells. |
| 105 | 14500570 | Recent studies suggest that the ability of leptin, adiponectin, 5'-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), adrenergic agonists, and metformin to diminish adiposity may be mediated, at least in part, by AMPK activation in peripheral tissues. |
| 106 | 14500573 | In addition to sensitizing cells to insulin, the PPAR-gamma2 isoform appears to be critical for the regulation of osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation from common mesenchymal bone marrow progenitors. |
| 107 | 14749206 | Twenty-four-week treatment with rosiglitazone (8 mg/day) compared with placebo significantly increased the expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), and PPARgamma coactivator 1 and decreased IL-6 expression. |
| 108 | 14749206 | The change in serum adiponectin concentration was inversely correlated with the change in fasting serum insulin concentration and liver fat content. |
| 109 | 15149866 | Adiponectin plays a crucial role in the association between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. |
| 110 | 15131120 | Nine proteins, including vimentin, EH-domain-containing protein 2, elongation factor 2, glucose-regulated protein 78, transketolase, and succinyl-CoA transferase were primarily affected by presence or absence of insulin signaling, whereas 21 proteins, including myosin non-muscle form A, annexin 2, annexin A6, and Hsp47 were regulated in relation to adipocyte size. |
| 111 | 15178639 | To investigate the origin of circulating SSAO activity, two transgenic mouse models were created with full-length human VAP-1 (hVAP-1) expressed on either endothelial (mTIEhVAP-1) or adipose tissues (aP2hVAP-1), with tie-1 and adipocyte P2 promoters, respectively. |
| 112 | 15211372 | Adipose tissue is now considered as an endocrine and secretory organ, and some adipocyte factors are thought to play a major role in the induction of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. |
| 113 | 15245384 | Most have been associated with obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, type 2 diabetes, and chronic vascular disease; in addition, six adipocytokines--vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor, and interleukin-6--promote angiogenesis while one, adiponectin, is inhibitory. |
| 114 | 15451915 | Adiponectin and resistin, two recently discovered adipocyte-secreted hormones, may link obesity with insulin resistance and/or metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors. |
| 115 | 15451915 | In the interventional study, atorvastatin decreased lipid and CRP levels, but adiponectin and resistin were not specifically altered. |
| 116 | 15451915 | We conclude that adiponectin is significantly associated with inflammatory markers, in part, through an underlying association with obesity, whereas resistin's associations with inflammatory markers appear to be independent of BMI. |
| 117 | 15353408 | Ectopic expression of Mest in 3T3-L1 cells caused increased gene expression of adipose markers such as PPARgamma, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)alpha, and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP)2. |
| 118 | 15583845 | Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted protein that is known to modulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. |
| 119 | 15895517 | The present results thus indicate that CLA feeding promotes insulin resistance in obese/diabetic mice by at least inverse regulation of leptin and adiponectin, and TNFalpha, adipocytokines known to either ameliorate or deteriorate insulin sensitivity, respectively. |
| 120 | 16035392 | Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, for example the thiazolidinediones, redistribute fat within the body (decrease visceral and hepatic fat; increase subcutaneous fat) and have been shown to enhance adipocyte insulin sensitivity, inhibit lipolysis, reduce plasma FFA and favourably influence the production of adipocytokines. |
| 121 | 15562250 | Among the nondiabetic women, fasting insulin (r = 0.69, P < 0.01), 2-h insulin (r = 0.56, P < 0.05), and HOMA index (r = 0.59, P < 0.05) correlated positively with TNF-alpha gene expression; fasting insulin (r = 0.54, P < 0.05) was positively related to, and 2-h insulin (r = 0.49, P = 0.06) tended to be positively related to, IL-6 gene expression; and glucose area (r = -0.56, P < 0.05) was negatively related to, and insulin area (r = -0.49, P = 0.06) tended to be negatively related to, adiponectin gene expression. |
| 122 | 15700135 | The aim of the present study was to depict the physiopathological and cellular mechanisms involved in regulation of adipocyte autotaxin expression. |
| 123 | 15700135 | The present work demonstrates the existence of a db/db-specific up-regulation of adipocyte autotaxin expression, which could be related to the severe type 2 diabetes phenotype and adipocyte insulin resistance, rather than excess adiposity in itself. |
| 124 | 15700135 | It also showed that type 2 diabetes in humans is also associated with up-regulation of adipocyte autotaxin expression. |
| 125 | 15766512 | Adiponectin stimulates fatty acids oxidation, reduces plasma triglycerides, and improves glucose metabolism by increasing the insulin sensitivity. |
| 126 | 15766512 | In addition, adiponectin inhibits the inflammatory process that accompanies atherogenesis, as it reduces the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, macrophage-to-foam cell transformation, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in macrophages and adipocytes, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| 127 | 15780820 | Exogenous adiponectin corrects metabolic defects that are associated with insulin resistance, and might protect the endothelium from the progression of cardiovascular disease. |
| 128 | 15781195 | The interaction between the PPARgamma2 and IRS-1 genes with respect to their effects on adiponectin levels was statistically significant (p=0.02). |
| 129 | 15585589 | Resistin (Rstn) is known as an adipocyte-specific secretory factor that can cause insulin resistance and decrease adipocyte differentiation. |
| 130 | 15585589 | Conversely, based on various studies, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) can improve insulin resistance and stimulate adipocyte adipogenesis. |
| 131 | 15613685 | The following two adiponectin receptor types were recently identified: AdipoR1 is abundantly expressed in muscle, whereas AdipoR2 is predominantly expressed in the liver. |
| 132 | 15544426 | Activity of adiponectin is associated with leptin, resistin and with steroid and thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, NO and others. |
| 133 | 15777692 | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma is regarded as a "master regulator" of adipocyte differentiation and is abundantly expressed in adipose. |
| 134 | 15850785 | The aims of the present study were: (1) to identify the promoter region responsible for basal transcription of the human adiponectin gene, and (2) to investigate the mechanism by which adiponectin was regulated by TNF-alpha. |
| 135 | 15850785 | The present data indicate that the putative response elements for SREBP and C/EBP are required for human adiponectin promoter activity, and that suppression by TNF-alpha may, at least in part, be associated with inactivation of C/EBP-beta. |
| 136 | 15834118 | Adiponectin is secreted from adipocytes, and low circulating levels have been epidemiologically associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. |
| 137 | 15834118 | Also, adiponectin increased insulin's ability to maximally stimulate glucose uptake by 78% through increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) gene expression and increased GLUT4 recruitment to the plasma membrane. |
| 138 | 15864528 | Plasma concentrations of adiponectin and adipose tissue levels of adiponectin mRNA were decreased in AngII-infused rats, and this effect was prevented by cotreatment with tempol or BH4. |
| 139 | 15864528 | Since antioxidants were observed to prevent the actions of AngII, and H2O2 on its own suppressed adiponectin expression, we conclude that adiponectin gene expression is negatively modulated by oxidative stress. |
| 140 | 15917853 | Recent evidence suggests that adiponectin, a protein whose circulating levels are decreased in obesity, has anti-inflammatory properties, and also appears to enhance potently insulin action and therefore appears to function as a signal produced by adipose tissue that influences whole-body glucose metabolism. |
| 141 | 15917853 | Furthermore, preoperative CRP was significantly associated with changes in adiponectin even after adjustment for sex, age, preoperative body mass index (BMI) impaired glucose metabolism and changes in BMI and changes in BMI (standardized beta 0.61, P=0.005). |
| 142 | 15945346 | MIRKO mouse adipose tissue increased secretion of adiponectin that increases the insulin sensitivity and do not alter the leptin production. |
| 143 | 15946462 | Increasing levels of leptin and decreasing levels of adiponectin correlate with worsening insulin resistance in obese individuals. |
| 144 | 15955127 | Low plasma adiponectin levels appear to be chiefly determined by the accumulation of posterior subcutaneous abdominal fat mass, as opposed to intra-abdominal fat, and are strongly predictive of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. |
| 145 | 15959408 | Thiazolidinediones decrease plasma levels of C reactive protein, possess antiinflammatory effects through a reduction of inflammatory cytokines production, decrease free fatty acids levels, antagonize angiotensin II effects, increase adiponectin expression and production, etc. |
| 146 | 15963038 | Adiponectin correlated positively with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.29, p = 0.06) and negatively with first-phase insulin levels (r = -0.47, p = 0.001). |
| 147 | 15963038 | In a multiple regression analysis, 48% of the variance in first-phase insulin secretion was explained by the independent effects of race (p = 0.017), adiponectin (p = 0.03), and percentage of body fat (p < 0.001). |
| 148 | 15893773 | We therefore investigated a possible adiponectin-induced activation of AMPK in beta cells. |
| 149 | 15893773 | RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of adiponectin receptor subtypes 1 and 2 in rat beta cells and showed their expression in insulin-secreting MIN6 cells. |
| 150 | 15893773 | Like the pharmacological AMPK activator 5-amino-imidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR), adiponectin activated AMPK in beta cells and MIN6 cells. |
| 151 | 15893773 | We conclude that adiponectin induces an activation of AMPK in beta cells, which inhibits their cataplerosis of glucose-carbon to lipids. |
| 152 | 15897668 | Adiponectin correlated significantly, in univariate analysis, with CD146 (r = 0.29, p = 0.009), thrombomodulin (r = 0.37, p = 0.001), protein Z (r = -0.25, p = 0.03), BMI (r = -0.26, p = 0.047), serum creatinine (r = 0.26, p = 0.02) and urea (r = 0.38, p = 0.001). |
| 153 | 15939809 | To identify new antidiabetic mechanisms of ARBs, we studied the regulation of adiponectin by angiotensin II (Ang II) and different ARBs in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes and obese Zucker rats. |
| 154 | 15939809 | Adiponectin protein expression was markedly stimulated by Ang II (5 nmol/L), which was inhibited by blockade of the AT2R, and further enhanced by the ARB irbesartan. |
| 155 | 15939809 | Irbesartan-mediated adiponectin upregulation started beyond the concentrations needed for AT1R blockade and was also present in the absence of Ang II, implicating an AT1R-independent mechanism of action. |
| 156 | 15939809 | Blockade of PPARgamma activation by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 markedly inhibited irbesartan-induced adiponectin expression. |
| 157 | 15939809 | Finally, administration of irbesartan to obese Zucker rats improved insulin sensitivity and attenuated adiponectin serum depletion. |
| 158 | 15939809 | The present study demonstrates that AT2R activation and certain ARBs induce adiponectin in adipocytes, which was associated with an improvement of parameters of insulin sensitivity in vivo. |
| 159 | 15939809 | ARB-induced adiponectin stimulation is likely to be mediated via PPARgamma activation involving a post-transcriptional mechanism. |
| 160 | 15964656 | Adiponectin induces insulin sensitivity and modulates inflammatory responses. |
| 161 | 15964656 | We thus studied the implications of adiponectin in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection inherently linked to insulin resistance. |
| 162 | 15964656 | In multivariate analysis, male gender, insulin resistance, high HCV load and genotype 2 were significantly associated with a lower serum adiponectin level. |
| 163 | 15990589 | Further evidence has accrued of the interaction between hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin, the protein that coats the adipocyte lipid droplet. |
| 164 | 15914524 | Low adiponectin levels, by regulating insulin resistance and metabolic profile, may contribute to the markedly increased risk of atherosclerosis in diabetic subjects. |
| 165 | 16054413 | To test potential effects of altered insulin sensitivity on circulating adiponectin levels, we studied patients with GH deficiency (GHD) undergoing high dose GH and IGF-I treatment in a well-defined short-term setting. |
| 166 | 16098836 | Although adiponectin and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 may be more integrally involved in insulin resistance, the studies with these biomarkers are less extensive. |
| 167 | 16157299 | Rosiglitazone significantly increased serum adiponectin concentration from 20 to 40 weeks of age (P<0.05), whereas fenofibrate reduced TNF-alpha concentration. |
| 168 | 16179270 | In addition, treatment of both lipodystrophic and type 2 diabetic patients with peroxisome proliferators activator receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, but not metformin, decreases liver fat and markedly increases adiponectin levels. |
| 169 | 16179286 | Plasma adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. |
| 170 | 16179286 | Adiponectin expression in adipose tissue is up-regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist treatment and its plasma level may be affected by insulin. |
| 171 | 16179286 | In type 2 diabetic patients, insulin infusion decreased plasma adiponectin from 7.74+/-2.53 mg/l to 6.76+/-2.41 mg/l after 24 h (p<0.05). |
| 172 | 16179286 | It is unlikely that this response to exogenous insulin is attributable to inhibition of lipolysis, since plasma adiponectin did not decrease after acipimox. |
| 173 | 16186410 | We hypothesize that CIDEA alleles regulate human obesity through impact on basal metabolic rate and adipocyte TNF-alpha signaling. |
| 174 | 16044174 | Adiponectin level was reduced and CRP level increased in subjects with high IAFM. |
| 175 | 16141392 | Lastly, circulating adiponectin, an adipose-synthesized protein the levels of which are correlated with improved insulin sensitivity, increased in VGF mutant compared with wild-type mice. |
| 176 | 16236247 | We have investigated the effects of genistein, EGCG, and capsaicin on adipocyte differentiation in relation to AMPK activation in 3T3-L1 cells. |
| 177 | 16285470 | It is considered that insulin sensitizers exert their benefit through indirect induction of adiponectin expression. |
| 178 | 16286515 | In humans, low plasma adiponectin concentrations precede a decrease in insulin sensitivity and predict type 2 diabetes independently of obesity. |
| 179 | 16286515 | Stratified by quartiles of PFAT, adiponectin did not correlate significantly with insulin sensitivity in subjects in the lowest PFAT quartile (R2 = 0.10, p = 0.13, OGTT; and R2 = 0.10, p = 0.57, clamp), whereas the association in the upper PFAT quartile was rather strong (R2 = 0.36, p < 0.0001, OGTT; and R2 = 0.48, p = 0.003, clamp). |
| 180 | 16286515 | In longitudinal analyses, plasma adiponectin at baseline preceded change in insulin sensitivity in obese (n = 54, p = 0.03) but not in lean (n = 54, p = 0.68) individuals. |
| 181 | 16295695 | Plum thus may increase insulin sensitivity in these rats via adiponectin-related mechanisms. |
| 182 | 16306349 | Finally, anti-phospho-iPFK-2(Ser461) Western blotting revealed strong reactivity in insulin-treated 3T3-L1 adipocyte, suggesting that insulin induces the phosphorylation of PFKFB3 protein. |
| 183 | 16306372 | Diet-induced whole-body insulin resistance was associated with increased circulating levels of resistin and leptin but unaltered adiponectin levels. |
| 184 | 16308131 | In the NGT group, maternal adiponectin concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with plasma fasting insulin, fasting C-peptide, fasting C-peptide/fasting glucose ratio, 2-h glucose, triacylglycerol, and maternal body mass index and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. |
| 185 | 16734148 | This study was designed to examine the association between adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and endothelin-1, (ET-1) and their possible role in prediction of type-2 diabetes and development of diabetes and macrovascular complications. |
| 186 | 16734148 | Adiponectin was found to be decreased in newly diagnosed diabetics (6.64 +/- 2.3 microg/ml), OMI (4.7 +/- 1.05 microg/ml) and AMI (4.23 +/- 0.73 microg/ml) when compared to controls (9.81 +/- 2.2 microg/ml), whereas CRP, IL- 6 and ET-1 were significantly elevated in AMI (18.6 +/- 5.3 mg/l, 12.6 +/- 4.2 pg/ml and 36.8 +/- 10.4 fmol/ml, respectively). |
| 187 | 16734148 | Only adiponectin significantly decreased in newly diagnosed type-2 diabetics, but CRP, IL-6 and ET-1 did not significantly altered in newly diagnosed diabetics (4.9 +/- 1.6 mg/l, 6.9 +/- 2.3 pg/ml and 22.1 +/- 8.6 fmol/ml, respectively) compared to control. |
| 188 | 16734148 | Adiponectin correlated negatively with CRP, IL-6 and ET-1, BMI and HbA1c, whereas inflammatory and vascular markers correlated positively with each other and with BMI and HbA1c. |
| 189 | 16118252 | HIGT partially restored suppressed leptin levels in hyperglycemic rats and increased adiponectin concentrations to supranormal levels, consistent with indicators of insulin sensitivity. |
| 190 | 16204328 | Serum ghrelin levels had decreased (p 0.03) and leptin had increased (p 0.02), while adiponectin and insulin levels had not significantly changed at Week 4 (p 0.29 and p 0.25, respectively). |
| 191 | 16219717 | We found that adiponectin was negatively correlated with body mass index, waist to hip ratio, insulin, and fasting triglyceride, and positively with high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol, TNF-alpha, and sVCAM-1, but was not related to C-reactive protein, IL-6, and sE-selectin. |
| 192 | 16234302 | In contrast, adiponectin was decreased (4.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 30.8 +/- 10.3 microg/ml, P < 0.001), whereas plasma resistin level did not differ between the groups. |
| 193 | 16234307 | Our results suggest that adiponectin controls insulin sensitivity by modulating the glycogen synthetic process in human skeletal muscle. |
| 194 | 16341265 | In obese mice matched for adiposity, Ccr2 deficiency reduced macrophage content and the inflammatory profile of adipose tissue, increased adiponectin expression, ameliorated hepatic steatosis, and improved systemic glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. |
| 195 | 16373895 | The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) whether adiponectin is associated with insulin sensitivity independent of visceral adipose tissue in African-American and Caucasian youth and 2) whether adiponectin is associated with racial differences in insulin sensitivity. |
| 196 | 16373895 | Adiponectin was inversely associated (P < 0.01) with visceral adipose tissue, fasting insulin, and proinsulin and was positively related (P < 0.01) to insulin sensitivity after controlling for Tanner stage and sex independent of race. |
| 197 | 16373895 | Adiponectin is associated with insulin sensitivity independent of visceral adipose tissue in both African-American and Caucasian youth. |
| 198 | 16380488 | These data suggest that murine ATGL but not adiponutrin contributes to net adipocyte lipolysis and that ATGL and adiponutrin are oppositely regulated by insulin both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 199 | 16380500 | In conclusion, first, serum adiponectin is associated with increased insulin sensitivity, reduced abdominal fat, and high basal lipid oxidation; however, it is HMW quantity, not total or HMW-to-total adiponectin ratio, that is primarily responsible for these relationships. |
| 200 | 16159906 | Resistin (Rstn) is known as an adipocyte-specific secretory hormone that can cause insulin resistance and decrease adipocyte differentiation. |
| 201 | 16326714 | Both TZDs and adiponectin have been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the same target tissues. |
| 202 | 16326714 | Adiponectin is required for the activation of AMPK upon TZD administration in both liver and muscle. |
| 203 | 16326714 | In summary, adiponectin is an important contributor to PPARgamma-mediated improvements in glucose tolerance through mechanisms that involve the activation of the AMPK pathway. |
| 204 | 16374018 | After the meal, adiponectin concentrations mildly decreased in PWS at time point 240 min, while in obese and lean subjects no changes were observed. |
| 205 | 16409887 | Leukocyte adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 were elevated, whereas adiponectin levels were below normal in both gender groups. |
| 206 | 16423635 | Serum IL-6 concentration was negatively correlated to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.295, P = .004), but was not associated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.016, P = .871), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.090, P = .375), systolic (r = 0.169, P = .116) and diastolic (r = -0.061, P = .570) blood pressures, leptin (r = 0.062, P = .544), and adiponectin (r = -0.020, P = .841) in these patients. |
| 207 | 16427606 | Taken together, these data suggest that hypoxia and ROS decrease adiponectin production and augment PAI-1 expression in adipocytes via distinct signaling pathways. |
| 208 | 16429400 | Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) transcription factors play a key role in energy homeostasis by regulating genes involved in both carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and in adipocyte differentiation. |
| 209 | 16430720 | TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 levels in atherosclerotic plaques appear to progressively increase whereas adiponectin levels progressively decrease with smoking status. |
| 210 | 16041833 | Glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and gene expression of key adipocyte genes, including adiponectin, interleukin 6 (Il6), 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta Hsd), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Ppar gamma), forkhead box O1 (Foxo1), glucose transporter 4 (Glut4), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/ebp alpha), and fatty acid synthase (Fasn) were characterized in adipocytes from epididymal and subcutaneous fat depots of 28-week-old male WOKW rats and Dark Agouti (DA) controls. |
| 211 | 16041833 | The severe insulin resistance predominantly in epididymal adipose tissue of WOKW rats is associated with a 10-fold decrease in adipocyte adiponectin gene expression, decreased Ppar gamma, but increased Foxo1 gene expression compared to DA rats. |
| 212 | 16302015 | The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between adipocyte hormones acylation stimulating protein (ASP), adiponectin, complement C3 (C3) (ASP precursor) and insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profiles and insulin resistance in lean vs obese type 2 diabetes subjects. |
| 213 | 16302015 | Adiponectin correlated with BMI, glucose, NEFA, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 but not HOMA-IR, ASP or C3. |
| 214 | 16394088 | Treatment with thiazolidinediones for 3-4 wk did not alter the gene expression or circulating levels of visfatin in either nondiabetic or the diabetic individuals, whereas adiponectin increased significantly. |
| 215 | 16463046 | Despite negative correlations with fasting TG levels, liver fat content, and VLDL(1) TG and ApoB pool sizes, adiponectin was not linked to VLDL(1) TG or ApoB production and thus was not a predictor of VLDL(1) production. |
| 216 | 16463046 | However, adiponectin correlated negatively with the removal rates of VLDL(1) TG and ApoB. |
| 217 | 16463046 | We propose that the metabolic effect of insulin resistance, partly mediated by depressed plasma adiponectin levels, increases fatty acid flux from adipose tissue to the liver and induces the accumulation of fat in the liver. |
| 218 | 16492207 | In summary, pioglitazone caused an immediate increase in circulating adiponectin levels, followed by a reduction of TNF-alpha. |
| 219 | 16492425 | As the number of metabolic syndrome component criteria increased, C-reactive protein, leptin, and ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 levels rose (all P < .0001) and adiponectin concentration decreased (P = .0006). |
| 220 | 16501238 | Recent studies suggest a role of ghrelin in promoting the deposition of triglycerides (TG) in the liver and regulating the metabolic action of adiponectin. |
| 221 | 16503761 | They increase insulin action through several mechanisms including: stimulation of the expression of genes that increase fat oxidation and lower plasma free fatty acid levels; increased expression, synthesis and release of adiponectin; and stimulation of adipocyte differentiation resulting in more and smaller fat cells. |
| 222 | 16505226 | These data suggest that changes in necdin and E2F4 expression after rosiglitazone exposure in humans are associated with altered adipocyte differentiation and may contribute to improved insulin sensitivity in humans treated with TZDs. |
| 223 | 16505233 | Whether SOCS3 also inhibits adipocyte insulin signaling in vivo and whether this action further affects systemic insulin sensitivity is not clear. |
| 224 | 16555056 | By trend analyses, group L had reduced levels of PAI-1 (p=0.002), hs-CRP (p<0.0001) and TNF-alpha (p=0.006), while no significant changes were observed in the levels of leptin or adiponectin. |
| 225 | 16620274 | However, although thiazolidinediones lower insulin resistance and increase subcutaneous peripheral fat in Type 2 diabetes, pioglitazone treatment had little effect on either serum adiponectin, glycaemic control or the lipoatrophy. |
| 226 | 16622294 | AMPK activation is also involved in the mechanism of action of metformin and adiponectin. |
| 227 | 16634986 | Adiponectin is a recently described adipokine that has been recognized as a key regulator of insulin sensitivity and tissue inflammation. |
| 228 | 16634986 | Furthermore, adiponectin secretion from adipocytes is enhanced by thiazolidinediones (which also act to antagonize TNF-alpha effects). |
| 229 | 16634986 | Thus, adiponectin may be the common mechanism by which TNF-alpha promotes, and the thiazolidinediones suppress, insulin resistance and inflammation. |
| 230 | 16325822 | Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that adiponectin contributed more strongly to CRP than other factors, including the index of insulin resistance. |
| 231 | 16814613 | Adiponectin levels increased from 3.7 to 10.3 mug/mL at week 48 (P < .01); the levels of the other cytokines were unchanged: TNF-alpha, 9.1 vs 8.8 pg/mL; IL-1a, 3.9 vs 3.4 pg/mL; IL-6, 19.4 vs 13.4 pg/mL; and leptin, 24.8 vs 29.6 ng/mL (P > .05 for all). |
| 232 | 16814613 | Improvements in liver histology during TZD therapy may be modulated by an adiponectin-mediated effect on insulin sensitivity and hepatic fatty acid metabolism rather than by changes in proinflammatory cytokines. |
| 233 | 16845389 | Furthermore, neuronal PTP1B regulates adipocyte leptin production and probably is essential for the development of leptin resistance. |
| 234 | 16850292 | Adjusting for factors purportedly related to leptin resistance unveils a protective association, independent of adiponectin and consistent with some of leptin's described protective effects against diabetes. |
| 235 | 16868887 | Reduction of hyperglycaemia results in decreased sE-selectin, A1GP, sICAM-1 and IL6, while other inflammatory factors including CRP, SAA and adiponectin are not affected. |
| 236 | 16873698 | Among nondiabetic men, those in the highest quartile for circulating IGFBP-rP1 exhibited decreased S(i) and adiponectin (both P < 0.01) as well as increased CRP and sTNFR2 (both P < 0.05). |
| 237 | 16881111 | Elevated levels of adiponectin in SLE, despite inverse correlation with IR, suggest the possible involvement of adiponectin in IR and alterations in its effect on insulin sensitivity. |
| 238 | 16767790 | Coimmunoprecipitation and radioligand competitive-binding assays confirmed the direct interactions between adiponectin and alpha2M, or TSP-1. |
| 239 | 16916991 | The metabolic effects of adiponectin, including insulin sensitivity, seem to become stronger with increasing adiposity. |
| 240 | 16916991 | In the obese group, plasma adiponectin concentrations showed a strong positive association with concentrations of HDL cholesterol (P <0.0001) and negative associations with LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, apolipoprotein B(100), soluble E-selectin, soluble vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, leukocyte count, and liver and intramyocellular fat (all P <0.03). |
| 241 | 17003306 | Plasma adiponectin increased after pioglitazone (P < 0.001) and correlated with delta FPG (r = -0.54, P < 0.03), delta GNG flux (r = -0.47, P < 0.05), and delta insulin sensitivity (r = 0.65, P < 0.005). |
| 242 | 17003330 | Here, we demonstrate that when expressed on a hyperphagic ob/ob background, the P465L PPARgamma mutant grossly exacerbates the insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances associated with leptin deficiency, yet reduces whole-body adiposity and adipocyte size. |
| 243 | 17003347 | Lipin-alpha and -beta are the alternatively spliced gene products of the Lpin1 gene, whose product lipin is required for adipocyte differentiation. |
| 244 | 16343040 | Leptin and adiponectin, two adipocytokines, may work together in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin action. |
| 245 | 16803864 | In white fat, SHP deficiency resulted in up-regulation of genes involved in insulin sensitizing, including PPARgamma2 and adiponectin. |
| 246 | 16803864 | We show that, at the transcriptional level, SHP directly represses adiponectin promoter activity by PPARgamma/liver receptor homolog-1. |
| 247 | 17058711 | Low adiponectin levels are associated with elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase, a marker of reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity and a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. |
| 248 | 16895955 | We measured serum concentrations and sc and epicardial adipose tissue mRNA expression of IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), TNF-alpha, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin and sc and epicardial adipose tissue mRNA expression of CD14, CD45, and CD68. |
| 249 | 16895955 | Resistin levels peaked 4-fold 24 h after surgery, but adiponectin levels were not significantly affected. |
| 250 | 16926246 | The link between adiponectin levels and a strong marker of inflammation, CRP, is independent of insulin resistance and adiposity in obese children and adolescents. |
| 251 | 17083919 | In addition, adiponectin or AICAR-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation was inhibited by overexpression of DN LKB1, while phenformin-stimulated phosphorylation was unaffected. |
| 252 | 17086933 | PPARalpha activation enhances free fatty acid oxidation and potentiates anti-inflammatory effects, while PPARgamma is essential for normal adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, as well as fatty acid uptake and storage. |
| 253 | 17088412 | Hyperinsulinemia (N = 10, +2365% above baseline) significantly increased the expression of adiponutrin (+770%, P = 0.002), p85alpha PI3K (+150%, P = 0.033), HKII (+147%, P = 0.007), and serum leptin (+11%, P = 0.031), while it decreased serum adiponectin (-15%, P = 0.001). |
| 254 | 17088412 | In the insulin-stimulated state, adiponutrin mRNA expression levels correlated with basal p85alpha PI3K (R = 0.76, P = 0.018) and HKII (R = 0.86, P = 0.003) expression levels, with percentage increase in insulin (R = 0.73, P = 0.040), and with insulin-stimulated state HKII (R = 0.82, P = 0.007), leptin (R = 0.84, P = 0.005), and adiponectin (R = 0.85, P = 0.004) mRNA levels. |
| 255 | 17097612 | Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) 2A receptors contribute to the effects of 5-HT on platelet aggregation and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and are reportedly involved in decreases in plasma levels of adiponectin, an adipokine, in diabetic subjects. |
| 256 | 17097612 | These results suggest that obesity increases hypothalamic 5-HT2A receptor gene expression, and pharmacologic inactivation of 5-HT2A receptors inhibits overfeeding and obesity in A(y) mice, but did not increase plasma adiponectin levels. |
| 257 | 16960399 | Adiponectin, a novel anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory adipose tissue product, which is closely associated with insulin resistance, was reported to be low in smokers with cofactors for atherosclerosis. |
| 258 | 16741355 | Plasma adiponectin was inversely related to PAI-1 activity (r = -0.09, p = 0.03) and antigen (r = -0.202, p < 0.001). |
| 259 | 16741355 | Multiple linear regression analysis in all study subjects, in men and in normotensives documented an impact of adiponectin T94G genotype on plasma levels of adiponectin (p = 0.007, 0.003 and 0.03) and PAI-1 activity (p = 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04) and antigen (p = 0.03, 0.007 and 0.04) after adjustment for potential confounding factors. |
| 260 | 16872712 | Serum adiponectin level was associated with hsCRP (r=-0.21, P<0.001), IL-6 (r=-0.13, P<0.05) and IL-10 (r=-0.22, P<0.001) levels. |
| 261 | 16872712 | Furthermore, serum adiponectin levels are associated with serum hsCRP, IL-6 and IL-10 levels. |
| 262 | 16930851 | Adipocyte generated endocrine signals, including leptin and adiponectin, control systemic insulin sensitivity as part of a broader control mechanism in energy balance. |
| 263 | 17051237 | The levels of soluble markers (soluble CD40 ligand, soluble P-selectin, and soluble E-selectin), microparticles (MP) (platelet-derived MP, monocyte-derived MP, and endothelial cell-derived MP), and adiponectin differed between the control group and the hypertension group. |
| 264 | 17179929 | In obesity and insulin resistance, increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and decreased secretion of adiponectin from adipose tissue, increased circulating levels of free fatty acids, and postprandial hyperglycemia can all alter gene expression and cell signaling in vascular endothelium, cause vascular insulin resistance, and change the release of endothelium-derived factors. |
| 265 | 17181562 | In case of obesity, FFAs and TNF-alpha are produced in abundance by adipocytes, whereas the production of adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is reduced. |
| 266 | 17090752 | Conclusions: insulin therapy improves hepatic insulin sensitivity and slightly but significantly reduces liver fat content, independent of serum adiponectin. |
| 267 | 16753211 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue and is known to be involved in adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. |
| 268 | 16870193 | Preincubation of THP-1 MDM with higher concentrations of OA (1.8mM versus 0.2mM) was associated with enhanced uptake of Ac-LDL, and increased expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein, FAT/CD36, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2); COX-2 mass and activity also increased. |
| 269 | 17213476 | TZD administration for sufficient duration to improve insulin action and increase adiponectin levels did not affect expression of AdipoR1 or AdipoR2. |
| 270 | 17230448 | This study shows that adipose tissue evolved into a major PAI-1 producing organ by gaining capacity during adipocyte differentiation to respond to inducers of PAI-1 transcription. |
| 271 | 17240171 | Here, we demonstrate that antidiabetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists inhibited expression of 3T3-L1 adipocyte alpha1-AGP in a concentration- and time-dependent manner via an apparent PPARgamma-mediated mechanism. |
| 272 | 17259477 | Plasma RBP4 levels were also not associated with intramyocellular fat or circulating adiponectin or leptin. |
| 273 | 17287464 | In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, adiponectin-induced phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) at Ser(1177) and NO production were abrogated when expression of AdipoR1 and -R2 were simultaneously suppressed. |
| 274 | 17287464 | Suppression of APPL1 expression by RNA interference significantly attenuated adiponectin-induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at Thr(172) and eNOS at Ser(1177), and the complex formation between eNOS and heat shock protein 90, resulting in a marked reduction of NO production. |
| 275 | 17303804 | Among these molecules, adiponectin has drawn much attention because of its insulin-sensitizing and antiatherogenic actions, suggesting that genetic deficits in its production or action may contribute to insulin resistance and coronary artery disease (CAD). |
| 276 | 17337499 | In patients with Child A-C liver cirrhosis, however, RBP4 was not correlated with glucose metabolism or other adipokines, such as adiponectin or resistin, but closely linked to the hepatic biosynthetic capacity, fibrotic changes in liver histology, or clinical complications such as portal hypertension. |
| 277 | 17426960 | TLR4 inactivation reduced food intake without significant modification of body weight, but with higher epididymal adipose tissue mass and adipocyte hypertrophy. |
| 278 | 17442272 | Cytokines like TNFalpha and IL-6 are secreted by the inflammatory cells and have been shown to impair normal adipocyte differentiation. |
| 279 | 17465724 | Several GPCRs are involved in metabolic regulation and glucose homeostasis such as GLP-1 receptor, glucagon receptor, adiponectin receptor and so on. |
| 280 | 17472010 | Endocrinal products of adipocytes (PPARgamma, A-FABP, E-FABP, leptin, adiponectin and others) modulate insulin tissue sensitivity enabling them to participate in the ethiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T). |
| 281 | 17208384 | Adiponectin, on the other hand, preserves insulin sensitivity via transient increments of AMPK activity and its circulating levels seem to reflect the adipogenic capacity of adipose tissue. |
| 282 | 17208384 | Finally, after delineating critical nodes of insulin and adipokine crosstalk, putative pathways are proposed by which adiponectin and leptin cooperatively regulate systemic insulin sensitivity in accordance to existing fat mass. |
| 283 | 17208384 | Adiponectin-mediated increments of AMPK activity, on the other hand, may attenuate mTOR signaling, leading to the preservation of insulin sensitivity in periods of increased nutrient availability. |
| 284 | 17347312 | Our results suggest that decreased plasma adiponectin, increased plasma resistin and cholesterol, and elevated levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in adipocytes may all contribute to the insulin resistance observed in GH-Tg mice. |
| 285 | 17376428 | Thus, direct modulation of adipocyte function may represent a mechanism of pleiotropic statin actions. |
| 286 | 17495595 | PAI-1 may play several roles in contributing to obesity: through indirect effects on insulin signalling, by influencing adipocyte differentiation and by regulating recruitment of inflammatory cells within adipose tissue. |
| 287 | 17495599 | Adiponectin influences plasma lipoprotein levels by altering the levels and activity of key enzymes (lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase) responsible for the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL. |
| 288 | 17505154 | TNF-alpha, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels were positively, adiponectin negatively correlated with adipocyte size. |
| 289 | 17160088 | Our results therefore raise the possibility that sequence variations at the SREBF-1 gene locus might contribute to T2DM risk, at least in part, by altering circulating adiponectin levels. |
| 290 | 17264850 | After adjustment for these factors, adiponectin was significantly inversely associated with insulin resistance, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (but not interleukin 6), tissue plasminogen activator and alanine aminotransferase and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and Factor VIII, factors associated with diabetes. |
| 291 | 17384344 | Changes in fat deposition were associated with decreased postprandial mRNA adiponectin levels in peripheral adipose tissue and lower insulin sensitivity index values from a frequently sampled insulin-assisted intravenous glucose tolerance test in patients fed a CHO-rich diet compared with a MUFA-rich diet (ANOVA P < 0.05). |
| 292 | 17389709 | Endogenous adipocyte apoE expression influences adipocyte triglyceride turnover and modulates the expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and oxidation. |
| 293 | 17618858 | RBP4 mRNA correlated inversely with GLUT4 mRNA in Vis fat and positively with adipocyte size in both depots. |
| 294 | 17618943 | In a multivariable analysis, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was positively associated and male sex and insulin concentration were negatively associated with plasma adiponectin concentration. |
| 295 | 17475934 | Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and contributes to insulin's indirect effects on hepatic glucose production. |
| 296 | 17475934 | These data provide evidence for a mechanism of adiponectin resistance and corroborate the notion that adiponectin potentiates hepatic insulin sensitivity. |
| 297 | 17620421 | Expression levels of the macrophage marker CD68, the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly increased, and those of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and adiponectin decreased in the high LFAT group. |
| 298 | 17647137 | Although acute exercise did not significantly change plasma adiponectin concentration at 2 hours or 18 hours after the exercise compared with control group, the expression levels of AdipoR1 significantly increased in both skeletal muscle (2H: 1.2-fold, p=0.0423, 18H: 1.4-fold, p=0.0006) and liver (2H: 1.3-fold, p=0.0448) compared with control group. |
| 299 | 17647137 | These findings suggest that acute exercise affects the expression level of adiponectin receptors, and an increase of Foxo1 expression might be relative to regulate adiponectin receptors. |
| 300 | 17509067 | At baseline, serum HMW adiponectin correlated negatively with plasma TAFI in all patients with Type 2 diabetes (r = -0.367, P = 0.0423). |
| 301 | 17318810 | The adipocyte derived peptide hormone leptin is known to regulate apoptosis and cell viability in several cells and tissues, as well as having several pancreatic islet beta-cell specific effects such as inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. |
| 302 | 17374417 | LDL-Rm ratio decreased significantly (from 0.3521+/-0.046 to 0.3339+/-0.030, P<0.05) and preheparin LPL mass increased significantly (from 42.5+/-3.2 to 50.6+/-3.5 ng/ml, P<0.0005), but adiponectin was unchanged. |
| 303 | 17635925 | We conclude that chemerin is a novel adipose-derived signaling molecule that regulates adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. |
| 304 | 17687539 | In 24 Ab+ relatives sampled fasted, adiponectin levels correlated significantly with homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (p = 0.006). |
| 305 | 17719095 | Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are suspected to be the major source of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 that interfere with adipocyte function by inhibiting insulin action. |
| 306 | 17786081 | Acting through 2 distinct membrane receptors, adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (which utilize 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha as key cell signaling elements), adiponectin increases hepatic and skeletal muscle sensitivity to insulin, enhances fatty acid oxidation, suppresses monocyte-endothelial interaction, supports endothelial cell growth, lowers blood pressure, and moderates adipose tissue growth. |
| 307 | 17640666 | In nondiabetic patients, there were significant increases compared with preoperative levels for adiponectin, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha; leptin was significantly decreased while CRP was unchanged. |
| 308 | 17846745 | In multivariate models, controlling for known determinants of insulin sensitivity (i.e. sex, age, BMI and glucose tolerance) as well as factors potentially affecting glucagon and proinsulin (i.e. fasting plasma glucose and C-peptide concentrations), glucagon and proinsulin were still positively associated, and adiponectin was negatively associated, with IR. |
| 309 | 17884446 | We also explored whether the levels of AMPK, ACC, and GLUT4 will be altered with the changed adiponectin and its receptors in STZ diabetic rat hearts. |
| 310 | 17884446 | There was no difference in the cardiac adiponectin level and the cardiac adiponectin receptor 2 protein expression between control and diabetic rats. |
| 311 | 17884446 | Despite an increase in cardiac adiponectin receptor 1 expression, there is an increased cardiac inflammatory response and a decreased GLUT4 protein expression associated with a reduction in circulating adiponectin. |
| 312 | 17893258 | In healthy subjects, acute hyperinsulinaemia is associated with an increase in plasma resistin independently of ARB, while plasma adiponectin is not influenced by insulin or ARB. |
| 313 | 17893258 | The expressions of both resistin and adiponectin in s.c. adipose tissue are stimulated by acute hyperinsulinaemia, whereas losartan attenuates their insulin-stimulated expressions. |
| 314 | 17903324 | Adipocytes also secrete adiponectin, enhancing insulin sensitivity and preventing atherosclerosis. |
| 315 | 17434720 | The human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) is involved in lipid storage, glucose homeostasis and adipocyte differentiation. |
| 316 | 17608757 | Plasma concentrations of sTNFR2, IL-18 and CRP were decreased and adiponectin significantly increased after bypass surgery. |
| 317 | 17686833 | These were associated with a significant increase in adiponectin and a fall in plasma RBP-4, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and LDL apoB-100 concentration (P < 0.05). |
| 318 | 17704298 | S 26948 displayed pharmacological features of a high selective ligand for PPARgamma with low potency in promoting adipocyte differentiation. |
| 319 | 17950094 | The significant increase in adiponectin by miglitol was inversely correlated with the ratio of the 60-minute change in blood glucose at 3 months divided by the change at baseline (r = -0.59, P = .020), which was independent of the effect of age, sex, changes in hemoglobin A(1c) and BMI, and the baseline concentration of adiponectin. |
| 320 | 17950098 | Adiponectin may play an important role in the regulation of body weight, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. |
| 321 | 17950099 | Serum HMW adiponectin level was inversely correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = -0.375, P < .0001) even after adjustment for age and body mass index (r' = -0.245, P < .0001). |
| 322 | 17952836 | Insulin resistance and vascular function are directly affected these factors, i.e., by free fatty acids, inflammatory adipocytokines, thrombotic and antifibrinolytic factors and by adiponectin, and adipokine with insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory actions. |
| 323 | 17952840 | By contrast, circulating visfatin, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 levels showed no difference between DM2 and control women, while adiponectin plasma levels were significantly decreased in the DM2 women (p<0.001). |
| 324 | 17973869 | The G allele carriers who have reduced plasma concentrations of adiponectin may have associated insulin resistance. |
| 325 | 17607322 | Tissue expression of APM1, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, tissue concentration of adiponectin (ApN), and metabolic variables. |
| 326 | 17607322 | APM1 expression was higher in SAT than VAT (1.06+/-0.76 vs 0.69+/-0.52, P<0.0001) as was AdipoR1 (1.17+/-0.70 vs 0.66+/-0.38, P<0.0001) and AdipoR2 (7.02+/-6.19 vs 0.75+/-0.64, P<0.0001). |
| 327 | 17607322 | In SAT, APM1 and AdipoR1 expression tended to be lower - by 0.38+/-0.22 and 0.35+/-0.22, respectively - and AdipoR2 expression was markedly depressed - by 4.82+/-1.93 - in association with obesity, whereas presence of diabetes had no additional effect. |
| 328 | 17761380 | HMW adiponectin has been suggested to be a better predictor of metabolic variables, and it was recently reported that the ratio of HMW to total adiponectin or to LMW, not the absolute amount of plasma adiponectin, might be crucial in determining insulin sensitivity. |
| 329 | 18155694 | In subjects with obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease, circulating levels of leptin increased while that of adiponectin is decreased. |
| 330 | 18177270 | Secretion of the adiponectin oligomers is tightly controlled by a pair of molecular chaperones in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum), including ERp44 (ER protein of 44 kDa) and Ero1-Lalpha (ER oxidoreductase 1-Lalpha). |
| 331 | 18177270 | The PPARgamma (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma) agonists thiazolidinediones selectively enhance the secretion of HMW adiponectin through up-regulation of Ero1-Lalpha. |
| 332 | 17895880 | The release of adiponectin was also reduced by one-third in explants from morbidly obese diabetic women while that of IL-8 was unaffected by diabetes. |
| 333 | 17895880 | The release of adiponectin was enhanced by insulin and by inhibition of endogenous tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) using etancercept. |
| 334 | 18222959 | Phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1177, AMPK Thr172, and Akt Ser 473 was increased in the adiponectin group (P < 0.05). |
| 335 | 18324929 | It was accompanied by lower circulating resistin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels rapidly increased levels of circulating total and high molecular weight adiponectin as well as adiponectin and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2) mRNA expression in the adipose tissue. |
| 336 | 18330534 | The thiazolidinediones (glitazones) significantly improve insulin sensitivity, diminish fat accumulation in the liver and increase circulating levels of adiponectin. |
| 337 | 17645557 | Decreased levels of adiponectin are linked with visceral obesity, insulin resistance states, and cardiovascular diseases. |
| 338 | 18235054 | Both biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction correlated significantly with markers of inflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6] and C-reactive protein [CRP]), hepatic function (gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]), and insulin resistance, with t-PA showing stronger associations with adiposity, hepatic function, and insulin resistance than vWF. t-PA was also significantly and inversely associated with adiponectin. |
| 339 | 18235054 | Adjustment for IL-6, adiponectin, and GGT attenuated the association of incident diabetes with vWF (1.06 [0.71-1.60]), but the relationship seen with t-PA remained significant (adjusted RR 2.19 [1.29-3.70]). |
| 340 | 18299442 | Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to determine diagnostic thresholds for insulin receptoropathy in severe insulin resistance for adiponectin and for the insulin-regulated hepatic proteins sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1). |
| 341 | 18389389 | Although adiponectin levels are associated with obesity and insulin insensitivity, the role of adiponectin in the progression to diabetes in non-obese subjects is unclear. |
| 342 | 18392690 | In this study of patients with type 2 diabetes, treatment with TZDs was associated with a significant improvement in adiponectin levels, although no significant effects were seen on leptin levels and arterial elasticity. |
| 343 | 18413598 | On a 4% diet, these mice have no phenotype, but on a 60% fat diet, they resist diet-induced obesity because constitutive adipocyte-specific overexpression of Lepr-b prevents obesity via the antilipogenic autocrine/paracrine action of leptin on adipocytes. |
| 344 | 18419637 | However, the fatty liver could contribute in the same way as visceral adipose tissue to insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, while the decreased serum adiponectin concentrations might also be part of the mechanism. |
| 345 | 18431507 | Adiponectin deficiency in mice induced oxidative stress, fusion of podocyte foot processes in the kidney glomerulus, and urinary albumin excretion. |
| 346 | 18431508 | In cultured podocytes, adiponectin administration was associated with increased activity of AMPK, and both adiponectin and AMPK activation reduced podocyte permeability to albumin and podocyte dysfunction, as evidenced by zona occludens-1 translocation to the membrane. |
| 347 | 18431508 | Ad(-/-) mice treated with adiponectin exhibited normalization of albuminuria, improvement of podocyte foot process effacement, increased glomerular AMPK activation, and reduced urinary and glomerular markers of oxidant stress. |
| 348 | 18281274 | Actinomycin D treatment blocked, and high dose salicylate treatment inhibited by 80%, TNFalpha-induced PTP1B expression in adipocyte cell lines, suggesting TNFalpha may induce PTP1B transcription via nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activation. |
| 349 | 18281274 | Chromatin immunoprecipitation from adipocyte cell lines and liver of mice demonstrated TNFalpha-induced recruitment of NFkappaB subunit p65 to the PTP1B promoter in vitro and in vivo. |
| 350 | 18334666 | Up-regulation of HO-1 caused adipose remodeling, smaller adipocytes, and increased adiponectin secretion in the culture medium of human bone marrow-derived adipocytes. |
| 351 | 18334666 | In summary, this study demonstrates that the antiobesity effect of HO-1 induction results in an increase in adiponectin secretion, in vivo and in vitro, a decrease in TNF-alpha and IL-6, and a reduction in weight gain. |
| 352 | 18349383 | In the absence of alterations in plasma adiponectin concentrations, acceleration of insulin-stimulated glucose turnover in skeletal muscle of mUCP1 TG mice was accompanied by increased phosphorylated Akt-to-Akt and phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-to-AMPK ratios compared with WT mice. |
| 353 | 18388859 | Thus, ProF modulates Foxo1 phosphorylation by Akt, promoting adipocyte differentiation. |
| 354 | 18484561 | To investigate blood apelin concentrations in patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had no additional disorder and to investigate the association of apelin with adiponectin, body mass indexes (BMI) and insulin sensitivity. |
| 355 | 17614271 | After 12 weeks, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, total body fat, total cholesterol, triglyceride, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, resistin and leptin had significantly decreased, while adiponectin and IL-10 had significantly increased. |
| 356 | 17554246 | Moderate alcohol consumption increased adiponectin and ghrelin, while it decreased ASP concentrations both in lean and overweight men. |
| 357 | 18511847 | Adenovirus-expressed adiponectin had no effect on cardiac fibrosis and the PPARgamma ligand pioglitazone did not attenuate AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis, osteopontin expression, or macrophage accumulation in monocyte-specific PPARgamma(-/-) mice. |
| 358 | 18577692 | Insulin decreases adiponectin levels in humans. |
| 359 | 18577692 | To determine the selective effects of insulin, glucose, or their combination on plasma adiponectin, clamps were performed in six healthy males on four occasions in a crossover design: 1) lower insulinemic-euglycemic clamp (100 pmol/l insulin, 5 mmol/l glucose) (reference clamp); 2) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (400 pmol/l insulin, 5 mmol/l glucose); 3) lower insulinemic-hyperglycemic clamp (100 pmol/l insulin, 12 mmol/l glucose); and 4) hyperinsulinemic-hyperglycemic clamp (400 pmol/l insulin, 12 mmol/l glucose). |
| 360 | 18577692 | We conclude that insulin suppresses plasma adiponectin levels already at a plasma insulin concentration of 100 pmol/l. |
| 361 | 18577692 | This suggests that, in contrast to glucose, insulin could be involved in the downregulation of plasma adiponectin in insulin-resistant patients. |
| 362 | 18599527 | Without insulin stimulation, Ad-36 upregulated expressions of several proadipogenic genes, adiponectin, and fatty acid synthase and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokine macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 in a phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent manner. |
| 363 | 18680073 | Since peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma affects adipocyte differentiation as well as insulin sensitivity, we investigated whether the levels of proinflammatory factors in PCOS patients are related to sequence variations of the PPAR gamma gene. |
| 364 | 18704364 | These results suggest that pancreatic and adipocyte hormones may contribute to the long-term resolution of insulin resistance after RYGBP. |
| 365 | 18563679 | Over age, leptin significantly increased in girls but not in boys (p for age x gender interaction=0.005) while adiponectin was similar in boys and girls. |
| 366 | 18563679 | Leptin and adiponectin were independently associated with SI, but not with insulin secretion or beta-cell function. |
| 367 | 18693052 | Recently, pioglitazone has been reported to increase human adipocyte lipin1 expression. |
| 368 | 18093209 | Interestingly, plasma visfatin levels decreased in exenatide-treated rats, whereas expression and plasma levels of adiponectin increased. |
| 369 | 18565135 | Adipokines, specifically adiponectin and resistin, are secreted from adipocytes and are thought to cause insulin resistance in rodents. |
| 370 | 18363889 | Total and HMW plasma adiponectin correlated with clinical and biochemical measures of insulin sensitivity. |
| 371 | 18363889 | Plasma adiponectin and skeletal muscle AdipoR2 mRNA expression are reduced in subjects with diabetes; both are likely to contribute to the observed insulin resistance. |
| 372 | 18363889 | Dexamethasone inhibits AdipoR2 mRNA expression in nondiabetic subjects, while there is a small rise in plasma adiponectin levels. |
| 373 | 18410550 | On Spearman univariate correlation analysis, visfatin was significantly associated with resistin (r = 0.30, P = 0.0011), but not with any other anthropometric or metabolic variables, including adiponectin multimers. |
| 374 | 18809626 | The objectives of this study were to determine age- and sex-specific concentrations of adiponectin in Asian Indian teenagers and adults and to assess whether its blood levels correlated with insulin resistance and other cardiometabolic parameters. |
| 375 | 18835937 | Preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) is a secreted protein that inhibits adipocyte differentiation, both in vitro and in vivo. |
| 376 | 18997420 | Gene expression study revealed that the diet up-regulated expression of adiponectin and down-regulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). |
| 377 | 19022947 | In contrast to CRP and TNFalpha, adiponectin increases during weight loss and insulin sensitivity. |
| 378 | 19031217 | To investigate changes in serum adiponectin during pregnancy and postpartum and assess its relationship with insulin resistance as measured by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). |
| 379 | 18284435 | Plasma adiponectin correlated with insulin-stimulated Rd, non-oxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), glucose storage and SI in both groups after adjustment for sex and body fat. |
| 380 | 18284435 | In FDR, plasma adiponectin correlated with insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity and the troglitazone-induced increase in plasma adiponectin correlated with the improvement in insulin-stimulated Rd and SI after adjustment for sex and body fat. |
| 381 | 18435774 | Adiponectin concentrations remained unchanged during beta-adrenergic stimulation in both groups. beta-Adrenergic stimulation increased IL-6 concentration, which was more pronounced in the obese (p = 0.01 vs. lean). |
| 382 | 18476983 | TNF-alpha (3.8-3.4 vs. 5.2-4.5 pg/ml) decreased (p < 0.05) and adiponectin (6.3-17.8 vs. 7.1-16.4 microg/ml) increased (p < 0.01), while leptin did not change following either treatment. |
| 383 | 18614852 | Adiponectin is an antidiabetic and antiatherogenic adipocytokine that is specifically produced by adipose tissue, and the transcription of the adiponectin gene is regulated by PPARgamma. |
| 384 | 19136982 | We have found that decreased high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin plays a crucial and causal role in obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome; that AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 serve as the major AdipoRs in vivo; and that AdipoR1 activates the AMP kinase (AMPK) pathway and AdipoR2, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) pathway in the liver, to increase insulin sensitivity and decrease inflammation. |
| 385 | 19136982 | Further conclusions are that decreased adiponectin action and increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) form a vicious adipokine network causing obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome; PPARgamma upregulates HMW adiponectin and PPARalpha upregulates AdipoRs; that dietary osmotin can serve as a naturally occurring adiponectin receptor agonist; and finally, that under starvation conditions, MMW adiponectin activates AMPK in hypothalamus, and promotes food intake, and at the same time HMW adiponectin activates AMPK in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle, and stimulates fatty-acids combustion. |
| 386 | 19136982 | Importantly, under pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, only HMW adiponectin was decreased; therefore, strategies to increase only HMW adiponectin may be a logical approach to provide a novel treatment modality for obesity-linked diseases, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. |
| 387 | 19227810 | Adiponectin acts through two main receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. |
| 388 | 19330083 | Thus induction of HO-1 accompanied with increased plasma adiponectin levels in diabetic hypertensive rats alters the phenotype through a reduction in oxidative stress, thereby permitting endothelial cells to maintain an anti-apoptotic environment and the restoration of endothelial responses thus preventing hypertension. |
| 389 | 19356108 | Administration of either carbon monoxide (CORM-3) or the HO-1 inducers, Resveratrol, and cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP), increased serum levels of adiponectin (high molecular weight) in diabetic (streptozotocin; STZ-induced) Sprague Dawley rats. |
| 390 | 19356108 | Resveratrol and CoPP administration increased HO-1 protein expression and HO activity in the aorta and significantly (p<0.05) increased serum adiponectin levels, compared to untreated diabetic rats. |
| 391 | 19356108 | The increase in adiponectin was associated with a significant decrease in circulating endothelial cells (CEC) (p<0.002), decreased EC fragmentations and a significant increase in thrombomodulin (TM) and CD31(+) cells (p<0.05). |
| 392 | 19356108 | Increased adiponectin levels were associated with a decrease in TNF-alpha-induced ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and caspase 3 activity in endothelial cells while phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser-1179 increased. |
| 393 | 18982021 | These data indicate that AdipoR1 is internalized through a clathrin- and Rab5-dependent pathway and that endocytosis may play a role in the regulation of adiponectin signaling. |
| 394 | 19013780 | Adiponectin is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. |
| 395 | 19013780 | Although the adiponectin secretion was reduced in the presence of lipopolysaccharide plus TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, only gamma-oryzanol supported the activity of adiponectin secretion under NF-kappaB activated condition. |
| 396 | 19013780 | The results indicate that these HADs might regulate adiponectin secretion by the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. |
| 397 | 19033408 | Whereas physical activity did not correlate with insulin resistance (r = -0.01), leptin (r = +0.04), or hsCRP (r = +0.01) independently of percent body fat, it did correlate with adiponectin, but inversely (r = -0.18, P = 0.02). |
| 398 | 19088251 | Together, these data suggest that pioglitazone and the fish oils DHA or EPA are PPARgamma agonists in adipocytes with regard to adiponectin expression, and the predominant mode of adiponectin stimulation is via an increase in translation. |
| 399 | 19114589 | CRBP1 overexpression also enhanced the promoter activity (by 470 +/- 40%) and expression/release of the anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic adipokine adiponectin (cellular adiponectin by 196 +/- 24%, soluble adiponectin by 228 +/- 74%). |
| 400 | 19114589 | Significantly increased adiponectin secretion was also observed after ACE inhibitor treatment of human preadipocytes, an effect prevented by small interfering RNA against CRBP1. |
| 401 | 19114589 | In summary, ACE inhibitors affect adipocyte homeostasis via CRBP1 through the activation of RAR/RXR-PPAR signaling and up-regulation of adiponectin. |
| 402 | 19126543 | To better understand how mouse resistin gene (Retn) expression is restricted to fat tissue, we identified an adipocyte-specific enhancer located approximately 8.8-kb upstream of the transcription start site. |
| 403 | 19126543 | Taken together, the data suggest that a composite enhancer binding both PPARgamma and C/EBP factors confers adipocyte-specific expression to Retn in mouse, and its absence from the human gene may explain the lack of adipocyte expression in humans. |
| 404 | 19169664 | Pioglitazone increases plasma adiponectin levels, stimulates muscle AMPK signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation. |
| 405 | 19171794 | Cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) increases heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activity, increasing adiponectin and reducing inflammatory cytokines. |
| 406 | 19171794 | CoPP significantly increased HO-1 activity, phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated AMP kinase, and serum adiponectin in ZDF rats. |
| 407 | 19188503 | Collectively, our results demonstrated that AMPK deficiency significantly increases MI/R injury in vivo but has minimal effect on the antioxidative/antinitrative protection of adiponectin. |
| 408 | 19165156 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor with a key role in mediating adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. |
| 409 | 19165156 | When expressed in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes using recombinant adenovirus, wild-type PPARgamma leads to adipocyte formation with both hormonal and TZD treatment. |
| 410 | 19221061 | Elevated plasma insulin and resistin levels were significantly decreased by cilostazol, and decreased adiponectin mRNA expression was elevated along with increased plasma adiponectin. |
| 411 | 19223612 | VAT, SAT, pericardial fat, and intrathoracic fat were negatively correlated with adiponectin (r = -0.19 to -0.34, P < 0.001 [women]; r = -0.15 to -0.26, P < 0.01 [men] except SAT) and positively correlated with resistin (r = 0.16-0.21, P < 0.001 [women]; r = 0.11-0.14, P < 0.05 [men] except VAT). |
| 412 | 19268535 | Red wine and ethanol increased aromatase expression in the adipose tissue and red wine decreased adipocyte size (P < 0.05). |
| 413 | 19282610 | However, because this drug's influence on atherogenic cytokines is still not well known, this study examined the effect of cilostazol on the serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), adiponectin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with type 2 diabetes and PAOD. |
| 414 | 19324019 | The thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone, an agonist ligand for the nuclear receptor PPAR-gamma, improves insulin sensitivity in part by stimulating transcription of the insulin-sensitizing adipokine adiponectin. |
| 415 | 19324019 | It activates PPAR-gamma-RXR-alpha heterodimers bound to PPAR-gamma response elements in the adiponectin promoter. |
| 416 | 19324019 | Rosiglitazone-stimulated adiponectin protein synthesis in 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes has been shown to be inhibited by IGFBP-3, which can be induced by hypoxia and the proinflammatory cytokine, TNF-alpha, two inhibitors of adiponectin transcription. |
| 417 | 19324019 | The present study demonstrates that IGFBP-3, the hypoxia-mimetic agent cobalt chloride, and TNF-alpha inhibit rosiglitazone-induced adiponectin transcription in mouse embryo fibroblasts that stably express PPAR-gamma2. |
| 418 | 19324019 | These results suggest that IGFBP-3 may mediate the inhibition of adiponectin transcription by hypoxia and TNF-alpha, and that IGFBP-3 binding to RXR-alpha may be required for the observed inhibition. |
| 419 | 19326095 | Initial evidence of association between CRP and incident diabetes was confounded by central adiposity, markers of liver dysfunction and adiponectin in the primary analysis. |
| 420 | 19368716 | Lower endotoxin and higher adiponectin in the groups treated with RSG may be related and indicate another mechanism for the effect of RSG on insulin sensitivity. |
| 421 | 19356820 | Vaspin levels were positively correlated with BMI-SDS, triglycerides, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR and negatively correlated with adiponectin levels and FGIR. |
| 422 | 19419916 | Leptin and adiponectin were found to be independently associated with HOMA-IR and fasting insulin concentration, but in divergent directions, after adjusting for potential confounding factors. |
| 423 | 19419916 | The results suggest that leptin and adiponectin may be involved in the pathophysiologic link between obesity and insulin resistance independently. |
| 424 | 19429374 | In db/db mice, ACE (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced serum glucose, triglyceride, reinforce the decrease of total cholesterol caused by rosiglitazone (at least p<0.05), and markedly reduced free fatty acid (FFA) levels and increased adiponectin levels (p<0.01 and p<0.05) as rosiglitazone did (p<0.05 and p<0.001). |
| 425 | 19442860 | Serum adiponectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and urine ACR were determined, HOMA-IR and Gutt's index were calculated to evaluate IR and insulin sensitivity, respectively. |
| 426 | 19442860 | Adiponectin level and Gutt's index decreased, but IL-6 level and ACR increased gradually among NGT, PD and NDDM groups (P<0.01). |
| 427 | 19371350 | After 3-4 weeks of treatment, combination treatment increased plasma insulin by 3.8-fold, decreased plasma glucagon by 41%, both of which were greater than each drug alone, and increased plasma adiponectin by 2.4-fold. |
| 428 | 19389808 | In vitro, in contrast with full PPAR-gamma agonist treatment, MBX-102 fails to drive human and murine adipocyte differentiation and selectively modulates the expression of a subset of PPAR-gamma target genes in mature adipocytes. |
| 429 | 19389813 | Adiponectin has been postulated to affect lipid and insulin signal transduction pathways. |
| 430 | 19389813 | In multivariable linear regression models that included sex, BMI, waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and leptin, adiponectin was associated with mean LDL size (standardized regression coefficient B = 0.20; P < 0.001), VLDL size (B = -0.12; P < 0.001), and HDL size (B = 0.06; P = 0.013). |
| 431 | 19389813 | Adiponectin is favorably associated with lipoprotein particle size and subclass distribution independent of adiposity and insulin sensitivity. |
| 432 | 19429700 | Previous evidence has suggested that a low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentration is associated with insulin-resistance and a low adiponectin concentration. |
| 433 | 19490650 | The ratio of follow up to baseline BMI was negatively correlated with that for adiponectin (r = -0.224, P < 0.001 in boys; r = -0.165, P = 0.001 in girls) and positively correlated with that for leptin (r = 0.518, P < 0.001 in boys; r = 0.609, P < 0.001 in girls). |
| 434 | 19490650 | However, adiponectin values decreased and leptin values increased in those subjects whose BMI increased during over this period. |
| 435 | 19076162 | After six weeks of treatment with 5 mg/kg per day fosinopril, an ACEI, changes in liver histology, serum fasting glucose (FG), insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, adiponectin were evaluated, as was hepatic TNF-alpha, IL-6 and adiponectin receptor-2 (adipoR2) mRNA expression. 3. |
| 436 | 19076162 | In conclusion, the ACEI improved insulin sensitivity and hepatic steatosis in rats with T2DM by increasing circulating adiponectin and hepatic adipoR2 levels, in addition to reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the circulation and liver. |
| 437 | 19470634 | Although adiponectin level was not significantly different before and after glycemic control, baseline adiponectin level, but not HbA(1c), was positively correlated with changes in OC, ucOC, and urinary N-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (uNTX) (r = 0.30, P =0.04; r = 0.32, P = 0.03; and r = 0.36, P = 0.01, respectively). |
| 438 | 19506561 | The mRNA expression concentrations of the MIF gene in adipocytes were not associated with plasma concentrations of MIF, but were negatively associated with plasma adiponectin concentrations (P=0.004). |
| 439 | 19531641 | Induction of obesity and insulin resistance in rats by feeding a high-fat high-sucrose diet also led to decreased muscle HMW adiponectin content that could be corrected by rosiglitazone treatment. |
| 440 | 19596003 | The phosphorylation of Akt and the activations of Cdc42 and Rac1 were significantly increased by adiponectin. |
| 441 | 19596003 | Adiponectin increased the migration activity of EPCs, which was completely inhibited by a PI3-kinase inhibitor. siRNA of Cdc42 or Rac1 completely inhibited the adiponectin-induced migration, but siRNA of Akt had no effects, indicating that adiponectin promotes the migration activities of EPCs mainly through PI3-kinase/Cdc42/Rac1. |
| 442 | 19622782 | Expression of the chaperone protein ERp44, which retains adiponectin within the cell, was decreased by TZD treatment. |
| 443 | 19622782 | Finally, TZDs promote the selective secretion of HMW adiponectin, potentially, in part, through decreasing the expression of the adiponectin-retaining protein ERp44. |
| 444 | 19646653 | We discuss how targeting PPARs might ameliorate metabolic inflexibility in muscle through altered expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) isoforms and impact the functions of the adipocyte in lipid buffering and energy homeostasis. |
| 445 | 19646657 | Recently, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is involved in not only adipocyte differentiation, but also vascular homeostasis. |
| 446 | 19394939 | By contrast, when compared with baseline values, subjects treated with n-3 PUFA had significant improvement in FMD (9.1+/-5.8% vs. 11.7+/-4.4%, p=0.02) that was accompanied by decreased plasma triglycerides (117+/-73mg/dl vs. 86+/-44mg/dl, p=0.001) and TNF-alpha levels (8.9+/-2.3pg/ml vs. 6.8+/-2.7pg/ml, p=0.001), and a trend towards increased plasma adiponectin levels (7.8+/-4.5microg/ml vs. 9.5+/-5.1microg/ml, p=0.09). |
| 447 | 19574402 | In this study, we investigated the role of Bscl2 in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation. |
| 448 | 19629054 | Our data suggest that change in the large adipocyte subfraction may contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity via an increase in serum adiponectin. |
| 449 | 19651784 | Similar to adiponectin, C1QTNF5 induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to increased cell surface recruitment of GLUT4 and increased glucose uptake. |
| 450 | 19651784 | C1QTNF5-mediated phosphorylation of AMPK or acetyl-CoA carboxylase was unaffected by depletion of adiponectin receptors such as AdipoR1 or AdipoR2, which indicated that adiponectin receptors do not participate in C1QTNF5-induced activation of AMPK. |
| 451 | 19685554 | In the whole cohort and in women, univariate correlations between IL-6 concentrations and the parameters under evaluation showed that IL-6 and leptin were positively correlated with age, BMI, waist, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, Delta AUC insulin area, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and adiponectin. |
| 452 | 19788607 | Adiponectin knockout (KO) mice have been reported to cause insulin resistance and neointimal formation of the artery. |
| 453 | 19818293 | The purpose of this study was to assess monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels and their association with insulin resistance and adiponectin concentrations in CAD patients, who were categorized as having T2DM, MS, or neither. |
| 454 | 19818293 | Obese CAD patients with MS have a more pronounced increase of MCP-1, IL-8 and HOMA-IR and more decreased adiponectin levels than non-obese CAD patients without MS. |
| 455 | 19506327 | This improved glycemic control, reduced daily insulin requirement, decreased IL-6 and hs-CRP levels rapidly and increased adiponectin level at 10 days after initiation of therapy. |
| 456 | 19651815 | Although TNKS deficiency does not compromise insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in primary adipocytes, it leads to the post-transcriptional upregulation of GLUT4 and adiponectin in adipocytes and increases plasma adiponectin levels. |
| 457 | 19740750 | We demonstrate that tumor necrosis factor alpha and free fatty acids, key inflammatory stimuli involved in obesity-associated autocrine/paracrine inflammatory signaling, stimulate adipocyte expression and secretion of macrophage chemoattractants. |
| 458 | 19758820 | The aim of this study was to characterize the association between adipocyte enlargement and circulating levels of serum amyloid A (SAA). |
| 459 | 19758820 | SAA levels were weakly but positively correlated with BMI (p=0.043) and % body fat (p=0.027) in all subjects as well as subcutaneous adipocyte diameter (p=0.034) in women. |
| 460 | 19850242 | We studied the gender differences in adiponectin and in low-grade inflammation, measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), in individuals with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes. |
| 461 | 19672057 | We recently demonstrated that adipocyte amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression is upregulated in obesity and correlates with insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. |
| 462 | 19672057 | We conducted a pilot study in which we measured adipocyte APP gene expression and the circulating plasma levels of Abeta40 in 10 obese individuals before and after a 6-month behaviorally based weight loss intervention. |
| 463 | 19672057 | At baseline, adipocyte APP expression correlated significantly with plasma Abeta40 levels and with 2-hour insulin concentrations. |
| 464 | 19672057 | Changes in adipocyte APP expression correlated with changes in plasma Abeta40 levels (R = 0.74, p = 0.01) and changes in 2-hour insulin (R = 0.75, p = 0.01). |
| 465 | 19672057 | The results of this pilot study suggest that increased circulating plasma levels of Abeta peptides in obesity may be due to increased adipocyte APP gene expression. |
| 466 | 19729520 | Resistance exercise does not alter circulating leptin concentration but does increase REE and adiponectin in an intensity-dependent manner for as long as 48 and 24 h, respectively, in overweight elderly individuals. |
| 467 | 19755407 | We explored potential associations of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ; +45T>G, rs2241766 and +276G>T, rs1501299) with circulating total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, insulin resistance (IR), and markers of obesity in a healthy Greek female population. |
| 468 | 19755407 |
The observed differences in HOMA-IR were very significant among women with a higher body fat (BF) percentage (>or= the population median of 41%; all P |
| 469 | 19797823 | Plasma adiponectin levels were significantly increased (17.6 +/-1.5 to 19.6 +/-1.8 microg/ml, P=0.0003) concomitant with the increase in ANP and decrease in BNP 7 days after carperitide infusion. |
| 470 | 19819942 | However, these effects on adiponectin do not translate into changes in metabolism or whole-body insulin sensitivity, potentially due to additional antiinflammatory properties of statins. |
| 471 | 19822665 | Analogous to the actions of insulin in higher vertebrates, those in Drosophila include expansion of the insect fat cell mass both by increasing the adipocyte number and by promoting lipid accumulation. |
| 472 | 19940327 | Adipose tissue produces multiple cytokines(TNF-alpha, IL-6, PAI-1, CRP, angiotensinogen, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, apelin, resistin)which decrease insulin sensitivity and induce inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction,and atherosclerosis. |
| 473 | 19453256 | We evaluated sex differences in the prospective association between adiponectin with BMD, bone loss, and fractures. |
| 474 | 20011104 | A novel variant in the ARL15 (ADP-ribosylation factor-like 15) gene was associated with lower circulating levels of adiponectin (rs4311394-G, P-combined = 2.9x10(-8), n = 14,733). |
| 475 | 20011104 | These findings identify a novel protein, ARL15, which influences circulating adiponectin levels and may impact upon CHD risk. |
| 476 | 20021538 | Noninfectious systemic inflammation associated with adipocyte and adipose tissue macrophage cytokine production can also cause insulin resistance. |
| 477 | 20085121 | Anthropometric parameters and insulin resistance are associated with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase in obese morbid patients with lower levels of adiponectin. |
| 478 | 19374389 | An n-hexane extract of the flowers of Echinacea purpurea was found to activate PPARgamma without stimulating adipocyte differentiation. |
| 479 | 19543209 | LPIN1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with PPARG and ADIPOQ mRNA levels in both VAT and SAT. |
| 480 | 19699495 | Fibroblast growth factor 21 significantly and positively correlated with markers of insulin resistance (increased homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, decreased adiponectin) and dyslipidemia (increased triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) in univariate and multivariate analyses. |
| 481 | 19920090 | In both crude and multivariate analyses, total adiponectin was inversely associated with insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, HbA1c, sE-selectin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. |
| 482 | 19920090 | HMW adiponectin was inversely associated with circulating insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, HbA1c, sE-selectin, and CRP concentrations, even after adjustment for age, BMI, lifestyle factors, exercise, the use of medications as well as the other biomarkers of interest. |
| 483 | 19920090 | Total and HMW adiponectin are inversely associated with markers of insulin secretion/insulinemia, endothelial function, and inflammation. |
| 484 | 19937225 | Adiponectin (r = 0.41, p < 0.0001), leptin (r = -0.36, p < 0.0001) and CRP (r = -0.30, p < 0.0001) during pregnancy were all associated with postpartum insulin sensitivity (determined using the insulin sensitivity index of Matsuda and DeFronzo [IS(OGTT)]). |
| 485 | 20016031 | Furthermore, hemin reduced proteinuria/albuminuria and enhanced the depressed levels of adiponectin, AMP-activated protein-kinase, and glucose transporter-4 in SHRs, suggesting that although SHRs are normoglycemic, insulin signaling and renal function may be impaired. |
| 486 | 20035714 | In the present study, we characterized the initial Hsp60 binding to adipocyte receptor structures. |
| 487 | 20035714 | Our results demonstrate differentiation-independent conserved Hsp60 reactivity in permanent and primary adipocytes, strongly indicating that Hsp60 is an important regulator of inflammatory adipocyte activities. |
| 488 | 19696763 | The PM fat taken from TP rats displayed increase in the size of adipocytes, decrease in adiponectin (protein/gene), and a greater abundance of the leptin gene. |
| 489 | 19699280 | Furthermore, the results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that emodin significantly elevated the mRNA expression level of PPARgamma and regulated the mRNA expressions of LPL, FAT/CD36, resistin and FABPs (ap2) in liver and adipocyte tissues. |
| 490 | 20353437 | We found that PA significantly stimulated leptin mRNA expression and secretion by OAT and SAT, whereas it had no effect on adiponectin. |
| 491 | 20382683 | The effect of hypoxia, inflammation, and ER stress on the expression of TWEAK and Fn14 was examined in human adipocyte and macrophage cell lines. |
| 492 | 20392866 | The objectives of the investigation were to study MMP-9 regulation by insulin resistance and pioglitazone treatment in impaired glucose tolerant subjects using adipose tissue biopsies and study the mechanism of MMP-9 regulation by pioglitazone in adipocyte cultures. 86 nondiabetic, weight-stable subjects between 21 and 66 yr of age were recruited in a university hospital research center setting. |
| 493 | 20407009 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor that functions as a master transcriptional regulator of adipocyte conversion. |
| 494 | 20019683 | To determine the potential role of the transcriptional factor-activating enhancer-binding protein-2beta (TFAP2B) in the regulation of expression of adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vivo, we quantified the mRNA expression levels of these adipokines and TFAP2B in visceral (omental) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissues of 66 individuals with variable degree of adiposity and studied their correlations with BMI and their plasma concentrations. |
| 495 | 20019683 | Whereas TFAP2B mRNA expression did not correlate with BMI, it correlated negatively with adiponectin expression in the subcutaneous adipose tissue. |
| 496 | 20188786 | Exposing differentiated 3T3-L1 cells to RAW264.7 CM resulted in gene over-expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and resistin, however, mRNA expression of adiponectin and PPARgamma were down-regulated. |
| 497 | 20222152 | Naringenin was found to activate PPARgamma without stimulating adipocyte differentiation. |
| 498 | 20413520 | Adiponectin was inversely and leptin was positively associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.001). |
| 499 | 20444885 | In colon cancer cells, adiponectin attenuated cell cycle progression at the G(1)/S boundary and concurrently increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as p21 and p27. |
| 500 | 20444885 | Adiponectin stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation whereas inhibition of AMPK activity blunted the effect of adiponectin on the proliferation of colon cancer cells. |
| 501 | 20452080 | However, a use of thiazolidinediones did not affect serum FGF21 levels while it induced higher serum adiponectin levels. |
| 502 | 20482500 | Low serum adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance, atherogenic hyperlipidemia and arterial hypertension. |
| 503 | 20484463 | In human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably transfected with cDNA encoding porcine adiponectin, the secretion of adiponectin was significantly up-regulated and the ERp44 mRNA was down-regulated observably, by either the treatment of PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone or the overexpression of PPARgamma in these cells. |
| 504 | 20484463 | Taken together, our results indicated that PPARgamma is an essential regulatory factor for the transcriptional activity of ERp44, which in turn controls the secretion of adiponectin. |
| 505 | 20508194 | Lower levels of HMW adiponectin were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, higher body mass index, waist circumference, glucose, and insulin levels and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. |
| 506 | 20525188 | Obese participants as well as individuals with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin, lower adiponectin, higher ferritin or with glutathione S-transferase M1 null genotype showed higher IL-6 effects. |
| 507 | 20588114 | Caspase-1 is required for IL-1beta activity and the release of free fatty acids from the adipocyte. |
| 508 | 20594416 | Here, we demonstrate that cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)), a hypoxia mimetic, decreases EC-SOD and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by intracellular ROS-independent, but TNF-alpha and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent mechanisms. |
| 509 | 19636216 | Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and low serum adiponectin (ADP) levels and ADP is also involved in muscle fat oxidation. |
| 510 | 19861585 | Fasting glucose, insulin, and adiponectin levels were determined on mice with generalized deficiency of apelin (APKO). |
| 511 | 19861585 | APKO mice had diminished insulin sensitivity, were hyperinsulinemic, and had decreased adiponectin levels. |
| 512 | 19920214 | In addition, fasting insulin, leptin, and PAI-1 levels were markedly elevated, whereas adiponectin levels were reduced in normal chow-fed KO. |
| 513 | 20156411 | Immunologic biomarkers assessed included adiponectin, resistin, serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble E-selectin, and CD40 ligand (CD40L). |
| 514 | 20492842 | In premenopausal women with MDD, reduced daily adiponectin production may increase the risk of diabetes mellitus, and elevated leptin may contribute to osteoporosis. |
| 515 | 20530742 | Sustained activation or inhibition of the activin A pathway impairs or promotes, respectively, adipocyte differentiation via the C/EBP?-LAP and Smad2 pathway in an autocrine/paracrine manner. |
| 516 | 20650896 | The presence of NPC2 in mature white adipocytes was also necessary for their maintenance because silencing NPC2 in differentiated cells by siRNA stimulated PPARG expression, which was followed by a shift toward a more favorable, brown adipocyte-like metabolic state characterized by up-regulated lipolysis and increased insulin sensitivity. |
| 517 | 20650896 | Altogether, the current study highlights NPC2 as a novel intracrine/autocrine factor that controls adipocyte differentiation and function as well as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. |
| 518 | 20682281 | Evidence from rodent models indicates that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), a product of osteoblasts, is a hormone affecting insulin production by the pancreas and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, at least in part through enhanced secretion of adiponectin from adipocytes. |
| 519 | 20693347 | However, preservation of hepatic insulin sensitivity by n-3 LC-PUFAs required functional AMPK?2 and correlated with the induction of adiponectin and reduction in liver diacylglycerol content. |
| 520 | 20693347 | Our results show that n-3 LC-PUFAs prevent hepatic insulin resistance in an AMPK?2-dependent manner and support the role of adiponectin and hepatic diacylglycerols in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. |
| 521 | 20733001 | Here, we describe a noncanonical Akt-independent, phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent pathway that regulates adipocyte lipolysis using restricted subcellular signaling. |
| 522 | 20802255 | At the molecular level, adiponectin decreased high glucose-induced accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and consequently suppressed activation of p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) and expression of the senescence marker p16(INK4A). |
| 523 | 17389766 | UCP1 gene is under the dual control of PPARgamma and PPARalpha in relation to brown adipocyte differentiation and lipid oxidation, respectively. |
| 524 | 18184901 | Simvastatin significantly improved endothelium-dependent dilation, but reduced adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity in hypercholesterolemic patients independent of dose and the extent of apolipoprotein B reduction. |
| 525 | 18547236 | Adiponectin correlated inversely with body mass index percentile (p = 0.02) but not with age, gender, duration of diabetes, hemoglobin A1c, or preexercise glucose. |
| 526 | 18719589 | Moreover, BMP7 triggers commitment of mesenchymal progenitor cells to a brown adipocyte lineage, and implantation of these cells into nude mice results in development of adipose tissue containing mostly brown adipocytes. |
| 527 | 18719589 | These data reveal an important role of BMP7 in promoting brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis in vivo and in vitro, and provide a potential new therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity. |
| 528 | 18835952 | Adiponectin was decreased according to the severity of NAFLD, but RBP-4 showed no difference. |
| 529 | 19220660 | In rats with high fat-induced T2D, treatment with probucol improved insulin sensitivity, hepatic steatosis by raising circulating adiponectin and hepatic adipoR2 levels, in addition to reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation and liver. |
| 530 | 19808909 | Physiological concentrations of human PEDF protein inhibited adipocyte differentiation, evidenced by decreased lipid accumulation, downregulation of adipocyte markers, and inhibition of master adipogenic transcription factors such as C/EBP-alpha and PPARgamma. |
| 531 | 19708766 | Adiponectin (ADN), an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, stimulates glucose uptake, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and plays an important role in improving insulin sensitivity. |
| 532 | 19890025 | Fasting insulin concentrations were best predicted by sc abdominal fat area in women (r(2) = 0.40; P < 0.01) and body mass index in men (r(2) = 0.53; P < 0.0001); adipocyte size did not contribute independently. |
| 533 | 20121885 | Additionally, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and homeostatis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) significantly decreased while adiponectin increased over threefold [9.7 (3.7-17.7) vs. 38.0 (19.3-42.4) microg/ml] without any changes in resistin. |
| 534 | 20096841 | We used Cox regression, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, systemic hypertension, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, previous myocardial infarction (MI), ankle-brachial index (ABI), symptoms of leg ischemia, total cholesterol, and use of beta-blockers (BAB) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to assess possible relationship between serum adiponectin and time to first non-fatal cardiovascular event, and all-cause death. |
| 535 | 20543712 | These results suggest that renin inhibition by aliskiren improved insulin resistance and adipose tissue dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice through an increase in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and adipocyte differentiation, and a reduction of oxidative stress. |
| 536 | 20617073 | In obesity, inflammation develops when macrophages infiltrate adipose tissue and stimulate adipocyte secretion of inflammatory cytokines, that in turn affect energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance. |
| 537 | 20466374 | These effects likely contributed to improved insulin sensitivity, in an obese model, via prevention of adipocyte hypertrophy and adipocytokine dysregulation. |
| 538 | 20306473 | CDNC is a potent hypoglycemic compound with anti-inflammatory activity apparently mediated by elevated blood vitamin C and adiponectin and inhibition of NFkappaB, Akt, and Glut-2 and increased IRS-1 activation in livers of type 2 diabetic rats. |
| 539 | 20819535 | To evaluate the association between the four adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with insulin sensitivity, we used a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to test insulin sensitivity in Chinese patients with obesity and type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus versus controls. |
| 540 | 20833989 | Serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, and serum concentrations of insulin and triglyceride, and was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level. |
| 541 | 20833989 | Dietary intake may be indirectly associated with adiponectin levels through factors such as BMI, waist circumference, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and blood pressure. |
| 542 | 20842602 | PPAR? also controls lipid catabolism and is the target of hypolipidaemic drugs, whereas PPAR? controls adipocyte differentiation and regulates lipid storage; it is the target for the insulin sensitising thiazolidinediones used to treat type 2 diabetes. |
| 543 | 19695853 | Leptin, resistin and interleukin-6 decreased, whereas adiponectin increased in Groups C and D. |
| 544 | 20580627 | Among non-obese persons, adiponectin correlated negatively with triglycerides (r=-0.280; adiponectin), IL-6 (r=-0.216; p<0.005), HOMA-IR (r=-0.373; p=000) and positively correlated with HDL (r=0.355; p=0.000). |
| 545 | 20580627 | Adiponectin decreases with increasing adiposity and insulin resistance. |
| 546 | 20628088 | Infant adiponectin at 12 months negatively correlated with maternal sCML (r = -0.467, P = 0.011), whereas high maternal sMGs predicted higher infant insulin or homeostasis model assessment (P = 0.027). |
| 547 | 20144013 | In contrast, adipocyte monocultures did not exhibit any differences between insulin levels. |
| 548 | 20536390 | Both AdipoRs bind adiponectin and the downstream signaling of both AdipoRs is mediated mainly by phosphorylation of AMPK and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?, which influence the lipid and glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle and liver cells as well as inflammatory processes and vascular endothelial integrity. |
| 549 | 20142631 | Adiponectin and leptin are adipocytokines associated with insulin resistance. |
| 550 | 20142631 | In 70 patients included in DEMAND (delapril and manidipine for nephroprotection in diabetes) study, fasting samples of plasma insulin and adiponectin were determined by a radioimmunoassay, whereas plasma leptin was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 551 | 20514046 | Stable knockdown of Alms1 expression by >80% in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was associated with impairment of lipid accumulation and at least a twofold reduction in adipocyte gene expression following hormonal induction of adipogenesis. |
| 552 | 20543523 | Fetuin-A concentrations were also positively correlated with serum leptin (r = 0.150, p<0.01) and negatively with adiponectin concentrations (r = -0.208, p<0.001). |
| 553 | 20543523 | Stepwise regression analyses confirmed that the fetuin-A concentration was independently associated with the fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR, as were body mass index, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, leptin and adiponectin concentrations. |
| 554 | 20840785 | Our findings showed that higher HBV DNA levels are associated with lower HDL and adiponectin but induced TNF-alpha values. |
| 555 | 20693566 | Additionally, emerging evidence suggests an important physiological role for GIP in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism. |
| 556 | 20693566 | In previous studies on the lipogenic effects of GIP, it was shown to increase adipocyte lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in both differentiated 3T3-L1 cells and human adipocytes through a pathway involving activation of protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt. |
| 557 | 20693566 | The lipogenic effects of GIP in the presence of insulin are therefore at least partially mediated by upregulation of adipocyte LPL gene transcription through a pathway involving PI3-K/PKB/AMPK-dependent CREB/TORC2 activation. |
| 558 | 20854065 | We studied the relationship between plasma adiponectin and skeletal muscle nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. |
| 559 | 20854065 | Decreased plasma adiponectin correlates with impaired insulin-stimulated NOS activity and severity of insulin resistance in T2DM. |
| 560 | 20814014 | Adiponectin protein expression was significantly reduced, and TNF-? protein expression was significantly greater, in coronary arterioles and aortas of Lepr(db) compared with control mice. |
| 561 | 20814014 | Anti-TNF-? treatment upregulated adiponectin protein expression in Lepr(db) coronary arterioles and aortas. |
| 562 | 20814014 | Adiponectin administration reduced TNF-? protein expression in Lepr(db). |
| 563 | 20814014 | Although adiponectin receptor 1 protein expression in coronary arterioles and aortas was similar between control and diabetic mice, adiponectin receptor 2 protein expression was significantly reduced in Lepr(db). |
| 564 | 20956860 | Adiponectin and visfatin are two cytokines which are considered to be possible links between obesity, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. |
| 565 | 20683642 | To investigate the role of SOCS3 in porcine adipocyte insulin signaling, we first detected the effect of insulin on SOCS3 mRNA and protein expression in porcine primary adipocytes by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. |
| 566 | 21063115 | Treating the cells with inhibitors of NADPH oxidase or ER stress could completely abolish AOPPs-induced overexpression of adipocytokines and insulin resistance, suggesting that AOPPs induced adipocyte perturbation probably through induction of ROS-dependent ER stress. |
| 567 | 20483360 | The relationship of psychological states (negative mood, life stress, and stress-responsive hormones) and adiponectin, an adipokine that promotes insulin sensitivity, was investigated in two separate studies. |
| 568 | 20889139 | The serum adiponectin levels at baseline had decreased tendency with significant difference between each two groups, while CRP, TNF-?, and IL-6 levels had increased tendency with significant difference between each two groups among NC, IGT, DM1 and DM2 groups (all P<0.01). |
| 569 | 20889139 | At 3 months after periodontal intervention, the serum adiponectin levels were increased than those without periodontal intervention (all P<0.01), while CRP, IL-6 and TNF-? significantly decreased (all P<0.05) in both IGT and DM1 groups. |
| 570 | 21081220 | Decreased production of adiponectin and/or elevated expression of A-FABP are important contributors to the pathogenesis of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. |
| 571 | 21085476 | Chemerin, progranulin, fetuin-A, and RBP4, IL-6, adiponectin and leptin serum concentrations were differentially regulated among the four investigated groups but only circulating chemerin was significantly different in patients with IGT compared to those with IFG. |
| 572 | 20943795 | Animal experiments suggest that circulating palmitoleic acid (cis-16:1n-7) from adipocyte de novo fatty acid synthesis may directly regulate insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation. |
| 573 | 20888657 | A low serum adiponectin is also associated with insulin resistance. |
| 574 | 20412023 | These findings indicate that EETs decrease MSC-derived adipocyte stem cell differentiation by upregulation of HO-1-adiponectin-AKT signaling and play essential roles in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting PPAR?, C/EBP?, and FAS and in stem cell development. |
| 575 | 20087882 | Moreover, KMF increased mRNA expression and protein secretion of adiponectin, whereas mRNA expression and secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were decreased. |
| 576 | 20843942 | Mean levels of adiponectin declined, and PAI-1 and CRP increased across increasing levels of maternal glucose, BMI, and C-peptide. |
| 577 | 20843942 | Adiponectin and CRP were inversely associated with birth weight, sum of skinfolds and percent body fat, and PAI-1 with sum of skinfolds (all P<0.05) after adjustment for confounders. |
| 578 | 21152033 | SRA also inhibits the expression of adipocyte-related inflammatory genes and TNF?-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. |
| 579 | 21167393 | Univariate linear regression analysis showed that the pre-HD body weight (p <0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.003), body mass index (p = 0.003), total cholesterol (TCH) (p <0.001), triglyceride (TG) (p <0.001), creatinine (p = 0.042), insulin level (p = 0.014), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; p = 0.015) were positively correlated with serum FABP4 levels, whereas high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (p = 0.049) and adiponectin level (p = 0.004) were negatively correlated with fasting serum FABP4 levels in HD patients. |
| 580 | 20961967 | Serum OPG levels correlated significantly with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbAlc, HOMA-IR, IL6, and CRP, and inversely correlated with adiponectin after adjusting for age (P<0.05). |
| 581 | 20961967 | The adiponectin concentration was increased (P<0.05), and OPG and CRP levels were decreased in the pioglitazone group (P<0.05), but were unchanged in the metformin group. |
| 582 | 20961967 | In type 2 diabetic patients, pioglitazone decreases OPG levels, and this decrease in OPG levels might be associated with the increase in adiponectin. |
| 583 | 21176750 | Insulin resistance as established by HOMA-IR and adiponectin was associated with EPO responsiveness in HD patients. |
| 584 | 21179199 | While leptin concentrations were not altered by inhibition of IL-6 signalling, adiponectin concentrations significantly increased. |
| 585 | 20929977 | Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with leptin or adiponectin resulted in increased AMPK phosphorylation and PGC-1? deacetylation. |
| 586 | 21035442 | Adiponectin upregulated SOD2 mRNA and dose- and time-dependently induced SOD2 protein in primary human monocytes. |
| 587 | 21035442 | Adiponectin mediated upregulation of SOD2, however, was not affected by FFA incubation. |
| 588 | 21035442 | Adiponectin still induced SOD2 in T2D monocytes but efficiency tended to be reduced. |
| 589 | 20962018 | The heightened insulin sensitivity of PWS patients relative to OCs is associated with higher levels of adiponectin and lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and IL-6. |
| 590 | 21079817 | According to the literature in the field, several cell types like ?-cell, myocyte, hepatocyte and/or adipocyte, as well as related complex signaling environment involved in peripheral insulin sensitivity are believed to be central in this pathology. |
| 591 | 16955209 | The aim of this study was to examine whether genetic variation in ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 may contribute to increased susceptibility to components of the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). |
| 592 | 16955209 | Of the eight SNPs examined in the ADIPOQ gene, rs4632532 and rs182052 exhibited significant associations with BMI (p=0.029 and p=0.032), fasting specific insulin (p=0.023 and p=0.026), sum of skin folds (SS) (p=0.0089 and p=0.0084) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) (p=0.015 and p=0.016). |
| 593 | 21196229 | Brown adipocyte (trans)differentiation depends on various receptors / transcription factors that include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (PPARgamma), PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC1alpha), PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP-beta) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7). |
| 594 | 21081706 | Sitagliptin also reduced adipocyte mRNA expression of inflammatory genes, including IL-6, TNF?, IL-12(p35), and IL-12(p40), 2.5- to fivefold as well as 12-lipoxygenase protein expression. |
| 595 | 21284979 | Recent work in Nature Medicine (Holland et al., 2011) suggests that adiponectin stimulates ceramidase activity through AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, an activity potentially involved in promoting cell survival. |
| 596 | 19667111 | Macrophage LOX-1 expression was decreased when macrophages were cocultured with adipocytes or when exposed to adipocyte conditioned medium. |
| 597 | 19667111 | Adding adiponectin neutralizing antibody resulted in a 2-fold increase in LOX-1 gene expression demonstrating that adiponectin regulates LOX-1 expression. |
| 598 | 19667111 | Pioglitazone and adiponectin regulate gene expression of SRA and LOX-1, and this may have clinical implications in arresting the untoward sequalae of insulin resistance and diabetes, including accelerated atherosclerosis. |
| 599 | 15895078 | The insulin/IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) signalling pathway promotes adipocyte differentiation via complex signalling networks. |
| 600 | 19940263 | Patients treated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma agonist manifest favorable metabolic profiles associated with increased plasma adiponectin (APN). |
| 601 | 19940263 | In WT mice, RSG (7 days) significantly increased adipocyte APN expression, elevated plasma APN levels (2.6-fold), reduced infarct size (17% reduction), decreased apoptosis (0.23 + or - 0.02% versus 0.47 + or - 0.04% TUNEL-positive in remote nonischemic area), attenuated oxidative stress (48.5% reduction), and improved cardiac function (P<0.01). |
| 602 | 21143168 | In this paper, I describe the effects of ARBs on adiponectin, blood pressure, and fatty liver. |
| 603 | 21143168 | Several clinical studies have reported that ARBs elevate adiponectin. |
| 604 | 21031343 | Vaspin, adiponectin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) constitute novel adipose-tissue derivatives, known as adipokines, which mediate insulin resistance. |
| 605 | 21031343 | Both rosiglitazone/metformin combination therapy and metformin monotherapy decreased serum vaspin levels through glucose and insulin sensitivity regulation, while they exerted differential effects on adiponectin, IL-6 and other cardiovascular risk factors in drug-naďve patients with T2DM. |
| 606 | 21153896 | Ninety-nine offspring of diabetic pregnancies had significantly increased E-selectin, vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), leptin, waist circumference, BMI and systolic blood pressure and decreased adiponectin levels compared with 422 offspring of non-diabetic pregnancies after adjustment for age, sex and race/ethnicity (p? |
| 607 | 21219897 | With increasing quartiles of visceral fat, there was a significant increase in insulin resistance (p=0.040); significant decrease in adiponectin (p=0.043) and increase in TNF-alpha (p=0.028), hs-CRP (p=0.043), OX-LDL (p=0.034) and visfatin (p=0.040), and carotid IMT (p=0.047) was observed. |
| 608 | 20486779 | In addition, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-138 directly targeted the 3' untranslated region of EID-1, implying that the negative role of miR-138 in the adipocyte differentiation of hAD-MSCs is at least partially mediated via repressing EID-1. |
| 609 | 20603627 | There was no increase in adipocyte FABP5 expression in FABP4 knockdown mice. |
| 610 | 21332406 | At the same time expression of the adiponectin gene/protein and its receptor, AdipoR2, increased in adipose tissue and/or plasma, accompanied by increased activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase, a marker of fatty acid oxidation. |
| 611 | 20829802 | Chemical chaperone tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) can reduce FFA-induced adipocyte inflammation and improve insulin signaling whereas overexpression of spliced X-box protein 1 (XBP-1s) only attenuates FFA-induced inflammation. |
| 612 | 21186369 | The adipocyte-derived secretory factor adiponectin promotes insulin sensitivity, decreases inflammation and promotes cell survival. |
| 613 | 21186369 | Here, we show that adiponectin potently stimulates a ceramidase activity associated with its two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, and enhances ceramide catabolism and formation of its antiapoptotic metabolite--sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)--independently of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK). |
| 614 | 21244702 | Two adiponectin receptors have been identified: AdipoR1 is the major receptor expressed in skeletal muscle, whereas AdipoR2 is mainly expressed in liver. |
| 615 | 21244702 | The link between glucocorticoids and insulin resistance may involve the adiponectin receptors and adrenalectomy might play a role not only in regulate expression and secretion of adiponectin, as well regulate the respective receptors in several tissues. |
| 616 | 21244702 | Adrenalectomy alone increased adiponectin mRNA expression 3-fold in subcutaneous adipose tissue and reduced adipoR2 mRNA expression 2-fold in liver. |
| 617 | 21284833 | AdipoR2 protein levels were positively correlated with plasma adiponectin and Matsuda index (r = 0.36 and 0.31 respectively, p < 0.05 for both). |
| 618 | 19761474 | Reduced circulating adiponectin levels contribute to the aetiology of insulin resistance. |
| 619 | 19761474 | The genetic control of HMW adiponectin is shared in part with insulin resistance-related traits and involves, but is not limited to, the ADIPOQ locus. |
| 620 | 20009098 | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The associations between ucOC, cOC, total and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, and insulin secretion (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]-beta) were investigated in a population-based sample of healthy prepubertal children (n = 103; 49 boys and 54 girls). |
| 621 | 19883376 | In the present study, we show that wholebody disruption of Brd2, an unusual MHC gene, causes lifelong severe obesity in mice with pancreatic islet expansion, hyperinsulinaemia, hepatosteatosis and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, but, surprisingly, enhanced glucose tolerance, elevated adiponectin, increased weight of brown adipose tissue, heat production and expression of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins in brown adipose tissue, reduced macrophage infiltration in white adipose tissue, and lowered blood glucose, leading to an improved metabolic profile and avoiding eventual Type 2 diabetes. |
| 622 | 17971451 | Compared with controls Hfe(-/-) mice exhibit no differences in serum lipid, insulin, glucagon, or thyroid hormone levels; adiponectin levels are elevated 41% (p < 0.05), and the adiponectin message in adipocytes is increased 83% (p = 0.04). |
| 623 | 20339310 | The prolonged treatment of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes with palmitate, a kind of saturated free fatty acid, reduced adiponectin expression at both mRNA level and protein level, accompanied with the enhanced phosphorylation of PKC? and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and the impaired expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?2 (PPAR?2) mRNA. |
| 624 | 20339310 | Either PD98059, an ERK inhibitor or PKC? pseudosubstrate, a specific PKC? inhibitor, restored palmiate-inhibited PPAR?2 mRNA expression and subsequent adiponectin expression. |
| 625 | 20532833 | Fasting serum was assayed for adiponectin, resistin, glucose, M30, M65, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (Timp-1), ProCollagen 3 N-terminal peptide (PIIINP), and hyaluronic acid (HA). |
| 626 | 21090814 | Medicinal chemistry studies resulted in an improved Jnk-1 ligand able to increase adiponectin secretion in human adipocytes and increase insulin-induced protein kinase PKB phosphorylation in human hepatocytes, in similar fashion to Jnk-1 siRNA and to rosiglitazone treatment. |
| 627 | 20978825 | We investigated the possibility that adiponectin inhibits CRP production in HepG(2) cells elicited by IL-6. |
| 628 | 20978825 | Adiponectin reduced IL-6-induced CRP mRNA levels in HepG(2) cells and CRP protein secretion. |
| 629 | 20978825 | Preincubating HepG(2) cells with adiponectin led to a decline in STAT3 phosphorylation on both tyrosine and serine residues. |
| 630 | 20978825 | Our results demonstrated that adiponectin suppresses CRP synthesis and secretion from HepG(2) cells and suggested that the suppression may be mediated through inhibition of the STAT3 pathway. |
| 631 | 21123956 | Effects of ATR on the insulin resistance of age-matched (13-week-old) and unoperated KK/Ay mice were assessed by the glucose tolerance test, circulating adiponectin concentration, and changes in insulin signaling (IRS-1/Akt phosphorylation). |
| 632 | 21437093 | The nature of this increased accumulation of fat tissue, whether hyperplasia or hypertrophy, local or ectopic, is associated with deleterious perturbations including excess fatty acid secretion, increased production of inflammatory cytokines, and abnormal adipocyte hormone signaling resulting in insulin resistance. |
| 633 | 21346177 | Lowering uric acid in these mice by inhibiting xanthine oxidoreductase with allopurinol could improve the proinflammatory endocrine imbalance in the adipose tissue by reducing production of MCP-1 and increasing production of adiponectin. |
| 634 | 21448265 | Upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation, most of these adipocyte-associated cytokines/chemokines and immune cell modulating receptors were up-regulated and a few down-regulated such as (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-? and TNF-? highly up-regulated and IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IL-13 and VEGF down-regulated. |
| 635 | 21448321 | Reduced adiponectin could contribute to insulin resistance in these patients. |
| 636 | 19131467 | The aim of this study was to test whether being born small for gestational age (SGA) has an impact on adiponectin and leptin levels and the IGF system in relation to insulin sensitivity, taking into consideration the severity of growth restriction. |
| 637 | 21459325 | Many actions of adiponectin, a well-recognized antidiabetic adipokine, are currently attributed to the activation of two critical molecules downstream of AdipoR1 and R2: AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?). |
| 638 | 21459325 | We show here that adiponectin upregulates IRS-2 through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). |
| 639 | 21459325 | Surprisingly, this activation is associated with IL-6 production from macrophages induced by adiponectin through NF?B activation independent of its authentic receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. |
| 640 | 21459325 | These data have unraveled an insulin-sensitizing action initiated by adiponectin leading to upregulation of hepatic IRS-2 via an IL-6 dependent pathway through a still unidentified adiponectin receptor. |
| 641 | 18256313 | In vitro, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR; 2 mM) and globular adiponectin (10 mug/ml) activated catalytic AMPK in distal tubules isolated from kidneys of normal rats but much more weakly in those from diabetic rats. |
| 642 | 18256313 | These results demonstrate that in distal tubular cells, adiponectin through luminal ADIPOR1 activates AMPK, leading to the inhibition of GS. |
| 643 | 20478996 | During early adipogenesis, we find transient enrichment of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (CEBPbeta), p300, mediator subunit 1, and histone H3 acetylation near genes involved in cell proliferation, development, and differentiation, including the gene encoding the master regulator of adipocyte differentiation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARgamma2). |
| 644 | 20043993 | Time course studies in multiple adipogenesis models reveal downregulation of Fstl1 is a hallmark of white and brown adipocyte conversion. |
| 645 | 20043993 | By Western blot, we show culture media of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes contains high levels of Fstl1 protein that rapidly decline in adipocyte conversion. |
| 646 | 20067957 | Adiponectin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, is of particular interest in metabolic syndrome, because it is inversely correlated with obesity and insulin sensitivity. |
| 647 | 20067957 | Association of ADIPOQ SNPs with plasma adiponectin was replicated, and we showed association between one ADIPOQ SNP and plasma insulin and HOMA-IR. |
| 648 | 21336532 | This suggests that some level of insulin resistance is needed to see deleterious effects of low adiponectin. |
| 649 | 19924377 | Additionally, the effect of HO-1 on osteoblasts appears different to that seen in adipocyte stem cells. |
| 650 | 18974244 | Activation of various kinases modulates adipocyte transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and NFkappaB, attenuating insulin signaling and increasing adipocytokine and free fatty acid secretion. |
| 651 | 21428694 | Since adiponectin expression has been correlated with insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes, GSTK1 expression level which is negatively correlated with obesity in mice and human adipose tissues may be an important factor in these metabolic disorders. |
| 652 | 21442412 | In addition, curcumin downregulates the inflammatory cytokines, resistin and leptin, and upregulates adiponectin as well as other associated proteins. |
| 653 | 21498926 | Adiponectin gene expression in EAT and PAT were significantly lower in MS group compared to the control group (p<0.0001, p=0.04, respectively) while SAT adiponectin gene expression did not differ significantly (p=0.64). |
| 654 | 21498926 | Our results demonstrate that TNF-? and leptin gene expressions increase prominently in the EAT, PAT and SAT while adiponectin gene expression decreases significantly in EAT and PAT in MS patients with CAD. |
| 655 | 21498926 | These findings suggest that disturbances in expression of adiponectin, TNF-? and leptin in EAT, PAT and SAT might play an important role in MS patients with CAD. |
| 656 | 20108250 | Up-regulation of HO-1 was associated with an increase in adiponectin, pLKB1, pAKT, pAMPK, pGSK-3, and peNOS levels and a decrease in myocardial superoxide and 3-nitrotyrosine levels. |
| 657 | 20651470 | Adiponectin has emerged over the last decade as a key adipokine linking obesity, insulin resistance, and Type 2 diabetes. |
| 658 | 21229348 | Insulin resistance is associated with reduced serum adiponectin and increased albuminuria levels. |
| 659 | 17878241 | AdipoR2 mRNA expression in both visceral and subcutaneous fat is positively associated with circulating adiponectin and HDL levels but negatively associated with obesity as well as parameters of insulin resistance, glycemia, and other lipid levels before and after adjustment for fat mass. |
| 660 | 21270239 | Partial failure of adipocyte differentiation may contribute to this, but pericentrin deficiency does not impair proximal insulin action in adipocytes. |
| 661 | 21126901 | Insulin resistance was independently associated with adiponectin in women and with leptin in men. |
| 662 | 21245029 | Additionally, there is increasing evidence supporting an important role for GIP in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism. |
| 663 | 21245029 | Taken together, these studies show that GIP and insulin act in a synergistic manner on 3T3-L1 cell development and that adipocyte GIPR expression is upregulated through a mechanism involving interactions between PPAR? and a GIPR promoter region containing an acetylated histone region. |
| 664 | 21484566 | They also reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF? and increase the plasma level of adiponectin, which increases insulin sensitivity in liver and skeletal muscle. |
| 665 | 21219874 | As a result of the artepillin C-induced adipocyte differentiation, the gene expression of PPAR? and its target genes, such as aP2, adiponectin and glucose transporter (GLUT) 4, was increased. |
| 666 | 21262584 | Adipocytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, leptin, resistin along with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-? (PPAR-?) are important mediators in glucose homeostasis in association with CD36 and can be used as markers for T2DM and atherosclerosis. |
| 667 | 21430087 | Adiponectin suppressed hormone-sensitive lipase activation without altering adipose triglyceride lipase and CGI-58 expression in adipocytes. |
| 668 | 21464445 | PEDF enhanced adipocyte lipolysis and triacylglycerol lipase activity in skeletal muscle. |
| 669 | 21185419 | Although previous animal studies showed that osteocalcin stimulated the expression of insulin in islets and of adiponectin in adipocytes with increased insulin secretion and sensitivity, the associations of serum osteocalcin with those parameters remain unclear in humans. |
| 670 | 21423295 | Untreated HFD-STZ rats showed elevated fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and total serum cholesterol (TC), with a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and adiponectin levels (p < 0.001). |
| 671 | 20150287 | The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of GSTA4 and the role(s) of protein carbonylation in adipocyte function. |
| 672 | 20185740 | Both weight loss and ezetimibe plus weight loss significantly (all P < 0.05) reduced body weight, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, insulin resistance and plasma triglycerides, VLDL-apoB-100, apoC-III, fetuin-A, and retinol-binding protein-4 and increased plasma adiponectin concentrations. |
| 673 | 18492747 | The prevalence of insulin resistance increased with decreasing tertiles of adiponectin (from 10.9% in the third to 42.5% in the first tertile; P < 0.0001) and increasing tertiles of resistin (from 19.3 to 30.9%; P < 0.0001) and TNFalpha (from 18.8 to 32.0%; P < 0.0001). |
| 674 | 19846171 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2 was still associated to HOMA-IR after adding adiponectin, resistin, and triglycerides (individually and simultaneously). |
| 675 | 21309063 | Except for plasma adiponectin (~7 to ~15, oral hypoglycaemic agents versus ~6 to ~10, IT), changes in inflammatory markers in the circulation and in muscle (I?B?, super-oxidase dismutase 2, monocyte-chemo-attractant protein 1, p-ERK and JNK) were equivalent. |
| 676 | 21315688 | Further, KR-66344 suppressed adipocyte differentiation on cortisone-induced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells is associated with the suppression of the cortisone-induced mRNA levels of FABP4, G3PD, PPAR?2 and Glut4, and 11?-HSD1 expression and activity. |
| 677 | 21345437 | We therefore investigated the involvement of PKD in regulation of the adiponectin gene expression. |
| 678 | 21345437 | Knockdown of PKD by its siRNA led to the increase in the mRNA and the promoter activity of adiponectin, and resulted in increase of adiponectin secretion and decrease of fat accumulation in cultured cells. |
| 679 | 21345437 | PKD activators decreased expression of the adiponectin gene, and its inhibition by PKD siRNA and by a selective inhibitor Gö6983 canceled this effect. |
| 680 | 21345437 | ChIP analysis demonstrated that inhibition of PKD activity decreased the DNA binding of AP-2? to the adiponectin promoter. |
| 681 | 21345437 | PKD is thus a common modulator of the DNA binding activity of AP-2? and AP-2? through their phosphorylation for negative regulation of the ABCA1 and adiponectin genes expression, respectively. |
| 682 | 16814734 | Individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes display skeletal muscle insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction; adiponectin levels strongly correlate with mtDNA content. |
| 683 | 16814734 | Knockout of the adiponectin gene in mice is associated with insulin resistance and low mitochondrial content and reduced mitochondrial enzyme activity in skeletal muscle. |
| 684 | 16814734 | Adiponectin treatment of human myotubes in primary culture induces mitochondrial biogenesis, palmitate oxidation, and citrate synthase activity, and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species. |
| 685 | 19038471 | Combined, these results indicate that body fat, larger adipocytes, failure of insulin to suppress NEFAs, decreased adiponectin levels and inflammation markers in adipose tissue are associated with decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and oxidation, which is an important component of reduced metabolic flexibility. |
| 686 | 21397678 | Supplementation of CG extract to HFD fed mice significantly prevented HFD induced increment in bodyweight, lee index, plasma lipids and LEP, visceral adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy. |
| 687 | 21397678 | Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb extract prevents adipocyte differentiation and visceral adiposity by down regulation of PPAR?-2 related genes and Lep expression thus validating its traditional therapeutic use in controlling obesity. |
| 688 | 21521713 | The mechanism whereby adiponectin decreases proteinuria involves an increase in nephrin expression, and an improvement of the endothelial dysfunction due to decreases in ET-1 and PAI-1, and an increase in eNOS expression in the renal cortex. |
| 689 | 21157114 | Hemoglobin status is inversely associated with serum HMW adiponectin levels in community-dwelling persons, especially those aged ? 65 years, BMI < 23.0 kg/m(2), alcohol drinkers, and lower insulin resistance groups. |
| 690 | 21352814 | Leptin (10 nM) was sufficient to inhibit the adipocyte differentiation, which seemed to come from increased expression of leptin receptor genes in the fat of TallyHO mice. |
| 691 | 21489354 | It is well documented that high blood homocysteine (Hcy) levels possibly contribute to insulin resistance through the induction of resistin and inhibition of adiponectin expression in mouce adipose tissue in vitro. |
| 692 | 21325104 | Visfatin and adiponectin are produced by adipose tissue and have opposite effects on insulin resistance. |
| 693 | 21205225 | The MSG increased mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF?), resistin and leptin, but adiponectin did not exhibit any changes. |
| 694 | 21463618 | Furthermore, SKLB102 elevated the serum level of adiponectin, reduced the serum level of leptin and prevented insulin resistance. |
| 695 | 21463618 | In vitro, SKLB102 showed the ability of significantly enhancing adiponectin expression and inhibiting leptin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. |
| 696 | 21424113 | Abnormal secretion of adipocytokines promotes atherosclerosis, diabetes and insulin resistance, and is mainly induced by adipocyte hypertrophy. |
| 697 | 21424113 | Furthermore, overexpression of PKCµ in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, but not other PKC isoforms, positively regulated the mRNA expression and promoter activity of MCP-1 and IL-6, and negatively regulated those of adiponectin. |
| 698 | 20869198 | Adiponectin has been proposed as an important regulator of glucose metabolism influencing obesity and insulin resistance, which are important risk factors for the outcome of critically ill patients. |
| 699 | 21389141 | Supposedly leptin modulates osteocalcin bioactivity, which in turn stimulates insulin and adiponectin secretion, and ?-cell proliferation. |
| 700 | 21389141 | Linear regression models were used to test independent associations of adiponectin, osteocalcin, and leptin with the indices of insulin resistance and secretion. |
| 701 | 21389141 | Both adiponectin and osteocalcin were negatively associated with insulin resistance. |
| 702 | 21389141 | Structural equation modeling revealed a direct inverse association of leptin with osteocalcin; a direct positive association of osteocalcin with adiponectin; and an inverse relationship of osteocalcin with insulin resistance and adiponectin with insulin resistance and secretion, which is cumulatively consistent with the hypothesized model. |
| 703 | 21480966 | Plasma adiponectin increased (P = 0.02) and leptin decreased (P = 0.02) in the experimental group, with no change in the control group. |
| 704 | 21488802 | Reduction of the glycemic load by acarbose decreased fasting levels of proinsulin but had no effect on adiponectin and whole-body insulin sensitivity as well as biomarkers reflecting inflammation. |
| 705 | 19155609 | Simultaneously, the mRNA expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which is a signaling protein that acts to modulate glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, was restored in the presence of adiponectin. |
| 706 | 20363877 | The widely used aP2 promoter cassette, which is frequently chosen to achieve adipocyte-specific expression of transgenes, conveys transcription in cell types other than adipocytes, such as macrophages and cardiomyocytes. |
| 707 | 20415685 | Insulin sensitizers, including pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, and lipid-lowering agents, including statins and fibrates, also upregulate adiponectin and ameliorate liver histology. |
| 708 | 21321093 | Inhibition of PI3K activity during 10 days in culture decreased the levels of M22-stimulated mRNA encoding adiponectin (67 ± 12%; P=0.021), as well as adiponectin and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ? protein levels. |
| 709 | 21397613 | Pre-incubation of human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with physiological concentrations of adiponectin, followed by stimulation with AGEs, reduced vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin expression, as assessed by surface enzyme immunoassay. |
| 710 | 18451143 | One ADIPOR1 SNP (rs7539542), which modulates expression of adiponectin receptor 1 mRNA, was also associated with breast cancer risk (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.92). |
| 711 | 21226708 | Serum AHSG correlated negatively with adiponectin (r = -0·236, P = 0·006) even after adjusting for BMI (r = -0·177, P = 0·043). |
| 712 | 21226708 | Association with adipokines favours the concept that AHSG is involved in atherosclerosis more likely through metabolic pathways (insulin resistance, obesity and adipocyte dysfunction) than by inflammation in patients with post-myocardial infarction. |
| 713 | 21558084 | When both conditions were present, HBP and obesity had additive associations with the expected geometric mean ratios for IL-6 (1.44, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.75), TNF-? (1.31, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.53), hsCRP (2.55, 95% CI 1.99 to 3.26) and negative association with adiponectin (0.61, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.71). |
| 714 | 20938443 | Polymorphisms in the gene encoding adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) are associated with insulin resistance, fatty liver, increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. |
| 715 | 21306933 | Glycaemic control with insulin reduces ADPN in T2D patients in the short-term, but was ineffective in T1D. |
| 716 | 21049473 | Adiponectin and insulin each suppressed SULF2 protein in cultured liver cells and in murine livers in vivo, consistent with a role in energy flux. |
| 717 | 21151013 | Alterations in the expression of APPL1 may be involved in the observed insensitivity to adiponectin in ZDF rats. |
| 718 | 20376319 | Omental, but not subcutaneous adipocyte size, correlated with the degree of insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR (r = 0.73, p<0.0005), as well as other metabolic parameters including triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio and HbA1c. |
| 719 | 20396381 | Among men, the best results were obtained with the score of four biomarkers: adiponectin, apolipoprotein B, ferritin and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, which gave an NRI of 25.4% (p<0.0001). |
| 720 | 21087777 | Osteoprotegerin, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL),soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-?? ligand (sRANKL), and adiponectin were analyzed using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. |
| 721 | 21129759 | In mixed adipocyte populations and adipose tissue pieces from young, but not old, rats, lipolysis inhibition by above antilipolytic stimuli, but not by insulin, was dependent on the function of Gce1-harboring adiposomes. |
| 722 | 21263402 | Lipin 1 is a recently discovered multifunctional protein involved in the metabolism of lipids, while PPARgamma is involved in adipocyte differentiation, and regulation of lipid metabolism. |
| 723 | 21694920 | Adiponectin potentiates insulin in its post-receptor signaling resulting in glucose oxidation in mitochondria. |
| 724 | 19375553 | Adiponectin correlated with insulin levels and Homeostasis Model of Assessment 2 (r=-0.653, P=.04 and r=-0.674, P=.032, respectively) in the patients who underwent Roux-en-Y at 24 months. |
| 725 | 21515669 | Adiponectin alone had no observable vascular activity; however, adiponectin pretreatment and coinfusion inhibited the increase in perfusion pressure and associated metabolic stimulation caused by low-dose (1 nM) ET-1. |
| 726 | 21515669 | This is in contrast to the NO donor sodium nitroprusside, which significantly reduced the pressure due to established ET-1 vasoconstriction, suggesting dissociation of the actions of adiponectin and NO. |
| 727 | 21515669 | In addition, adiponectin had no effect on vasoconstriction caused by either high-dose (20 nM) ET-1 or low-dose (50 nM) norepinephrine. |
| 728 | 21515669 | Our findings suggest that adiponectin has specific, apparently NO-independent, vascular activity to oppose the vasoconstrictor effects of ET-1. |
| 729 | 21515669 | The hemodynamic actions of adiponectin may be an important aspect of its insulin-sensitizing ability by regulating access of insulin and glucose to myocytes. |
| 730 | 21515669 | Imbalance in the relationship between adiponectin and ET-1 in obesity may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. |
| 731 | 20460954 | HOMA-IR was associated positively with BMI, waist circumference, serum NEFA, leptin, IL-6, and TNF-? levels, negatively with adiponectin, with no significant relation to resistin. |
| 732 | 21478260 | Treatment with RvD1 increased adiponectin production, while expression of IL-6 in adipose tissue was decreased. |
| 733 | 20382687 | Linear regression was used to explore the association between adiponectin levels and measures of obesity, lipids, and insulin resistance as measured by homeostasis model assessment. |
| 734 | 20382687 | Circulating adiponectin is significantly associated with measures of obesity, serum lipids, and insulin resistance in this study of West African populations. |
| 735 | 21299552 | Multiple stepwise regression analyses indicated that plasma CXCL16 levels were independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein and adiponectin (all P<0·05). |
| 736 | 21654750 | We demonstrate that caveolin-1 is upregulated upon miR-103/107 inactivation in adipocytes and that this is concomitant with stabilization of the insulin receptor, enhanced insulin signalling, decreased adipocyte size and enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. |
| 737 | 12436346 | It has been suggested that several agents, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, could mediate their effects on insulin metabolism through modulating adiponectin secretion from adipocytes. |
| 738 | 21600725 | The aims of this study were to compare total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and the ratio of HMW to total adiponectin (S(A)) between dogs and humans and to examine whether total or HMW adiponectin or both are associated with insulin resistance in naturally occurring obese dogs. |
| 739 | 21600725 | Total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin, and S(A) were not associated with insulin sensitivity in dogs. |
| 740 | 16203173 | Obesity resulting from excess nutrient intake can also cause insulin resistance by an increase in the production of agents that impair insulin action such as TNFalpha and resistin and a decrease in the production of an insulin sensitizing compound adiponectin. |
| 741 | 18803820 | Here we use real-time PCR analysis to further characterize Tmem182 transcript expression in the adipocyte lineage. |
| 742 | 20678967 | Insulin resistance, but not the body mass index, was associated with increased macrophage infiltration in the omental adipose tissue, as was adipocyte size, in these morbidly obese subjects. |
| 743 | 21760856 | We evaluated the effects of insulin-induced improved glycaemic control on leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels and patient characteristics. |
| 744 | 21760856 | Changes in leptin, adiponectin and NPY levels may occur after insulin-induced improved glycaemic control. |
| 745 | 21754919 | The discovery of TGR5 expression in brown adipocyte tissues (BATs) and the recent demonstration of BAT in adult human body suggest a potential approach to combat obesity by targeting TGR5 to increase thermogenesis. |
| 746 | 21606593 | Furthermore, in primary mouse hepatocytes, the absence of LKB1, AMPK, or the transcriptional coactivator CRTC2 did not prevent adiponectin from inhibiting glucose output or reducing gluconeogenic gene expression. |
| 747 | 21606593 | These results reveal that whereas some of the hormone's actions in vivo may be LKB1 dependent, substantial LKB1-, AMPK-, and CRTC2-independent signaling pathways also mediate effects of adiponectin. |
| 748 | 21676245 | Furthermore, the excessive secretion of leptin and/or decreased production of adiponectin by adipocytes in obesity may either directly affect bone formation or indirectly affect bone resorption through up-regulated proinflammatory cytokine production. |
| 749 | 21411097 | Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with insulin and HOMA in both boys and girls, and remained significant after adjustment for BMI z-score in girls. |
| 750 | 21700879 | In addition, we found that FER SNP rs10447248 was related to HDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.009); ADIPOQ variation was associated with fasting glucose (P = 0.04), HDL cholesterol (P = 0.04), and a metabolic syndrome score (P = 0.002). |
| 751 | 9200953 | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma have been reported to be strongly induced during adipocyte differentiation and maintained in matured adipocytes. |
| 752 | 9200953 | Forced expression of PPAR gamma converted NIH3T3 fibroblasts to adipocytes, indicating PPAR gamma regulates essential genes to obtain the adipocyte phenotype. |
| 753 | 9702044 | These receptors are transcription factors that control the beta-oxidation and transport pathways of fatty acids and adipocyte differentiation containing fatty acid synthesis under the modification of PPAR activation with CBP and its analogs. |
| 754 | 19202909 | Increasing evidence indicates that altered secretion of adipocytokines such as adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and free fatty acids are contributing factors to insulin resistance in obese states. |
| 755 | 19348235 | On the other hand, RAA system activates the insulin resistance by angiotensin II (Ang II) blocking effects of the intracellular signal transduction system of insulin, by oxidative stress and by reduction of adiponectin level, which effects are induced by Ang II. |
| 756 | 20110567 | A reduction in the CB1-mediated ECS activity in visceral fat is associated with a normalization of adipocyte metabolism, which may be a determining factor in the reversion of liver steatosis induced by treatment with SR141716. |
| 757 | 20158103 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that has a central role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation. |
| 758 | 21736747 | Decreased adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance and predicts T2DM, and therefore may mediate this ethnic difference. |
| 759 | 21603234 | These results suggest that the extract from A. indicum L. may be beneficial for reducing insulin resistance through its potency in regulating adipocyte differentiation through PPAR? agonist activity, and increasing glucose utilization via GLUT1. |
| 760 | 21676224 | We postulated that CPAP will decrease IR, ghrelin and resistin and increase adiponectin levels in this setting. |
| 761 | 21676224 | Fasting ghrelin decreased significantly while leptin, adiponectin and resistin remained unchanged. |
| 762 | 21808585 | Adiponectin increases insulin sensitivity and ameliorates obesity. |
| 763 | 16814726 | A recent paper (Mao et al., 2006) shows that the APPL1 adaptor protein binds to the intracellular domain of adiponectin receptors and mediates some of adiponectin's actions, identifying a novel mechanism linking adiponectin to insulin sensitization. |
| 764 | 21586562 | In cultured adipocytes, recombinant Angptl2 increased adiponectin expression and stimulated insulin sensitivity partially by reducing the levels of tribbles homolog 3, a specific Akt kinase inhibitory protein. |
| 765 | 21586562 | Conversely, Angptl2 small interfering RNA reduced adiponectin expression, resulting in insulin resistance. |
| 766 | 21586562 | In preadipocytes, treatment with Angptl2 small interfering RNA inhibited differentiation to adipocytes and reduced adiponectin expression. |
| 767 | 21562756 | After bariatric surgery in morbidly obese participants with subsequent weight loss, skeletal muscle APPL1 abundance was significantly reduced (p? |
| 768 | 21198995 | At baseline, a high serum adiponectin concentration correlated positively with high levels of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. |
| 769 | 21198995 | Low adiponectin concentrations were associated with future diabetes independently of insulin secretion and sensitivity, as well as IGT, IFG, smoking and abdominal obesity. |
| 770 | 21845063 | However, its influence on platelet activation markers (PDMP and soluble CD40 ligand [sCD40L]), selectins, and adiponectin in these patients is poorly understood. |
| 771 | 21845103 | Supplementation with SRLE significantly prevented HFD induced increment in bodyweight, plasma lipids and leptin, visceral adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy. |
| 772 | 21771299 | In T2DM men vs. controls, OPG levels were higher (P = 0.02), whereas ADPN concentrations were decreased (P = 0.04). |
| 773 | 21771299 | ADPN correlated positively with MMRglu (P < 0.05), which, in multiple regression analysis, was dependent of whole-body insulin sensitivity, HbA1c and waist. |
| 774 | 21538476 | However, caspase-2 deficiency attenuated diabetes-induced bone marrow adiposity and adipocyte gene expression. |
| 775 | 21598304 | In obese mice L-4F increases adiponectin levels, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing visceral adiposity. |
| 776 | 21617842 | It was recently demonstrated that uncarboxylated OC improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in mice by increasing the expression and secretion of insulin in ?-cells and of adiponectin in adipocytes. |
| 777 | 21453187 | Leptin, adiponectin, and adipsin did not correlate with the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 or with C-reactive protein (CRP). |
| 778 | 21771975 | These findings indicated the role of T-cadherin in modulating adiponectin levels and the involvement of CDH13 or adiponectin in the development of cardiometabolic diseases. |
| 779 | 21775757 | A downregulation of adiponectin and upregulation of RBP4 in GDM mothers and their fetuses may be related to their insulin-resistant condition, whereas changes in AFABP do not seem to be related. |
| 780 | 21788573 | In cells treated with 50 µmol/L C3G and 100 µmol/L PCA, [(3)H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation by immunoblotting, adiponectin secretion, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-? (PPAR?) activation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were evaluated. |
| 781 | 21788573 | C3G and PCA increased adipocyte glucose uptake (P < 0.05) and GLUT4 membrane translocation (P < 0.01). |
| 782 | 21869928 | The present study confirms that low adiponectin is associated with increased incidents of IHD, but not CVD, and suggests, for the first time, a major effect of visfatin, aFABP, and RBP4 in the development of cardiovascular disease. |
| 783 | 21626471 | Additionally, full length adiponectin was unable to abrogate LPS proinflammatory effect in TNF-? and IL-6 mRNA expression in CAD and NON-CAD macrophages. |
| 784 | 21626471 | In contrast, globular adiponectin appeared to have proinflammatory properties by potently upregulating TNF-? and IL-6 mRNA and protein secretion in human macrophages while subsequently rendered cells resistant to further proinflammatory stimuli. |
| 785 | 21626471 | Moreover, both forms of adiponectin powerfully suppressed scavenger MSR-AI mRNA expression and augmented IL-10 protein release, both occurring independently of the presence of LPS or CAD. |
| 786 | 21477042 | In direct comparison, glibenclamide was more potent than glimepiride with respect to the induction of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) (EC(50) 0.32 vs. 2.8 µM), an important adipocyte marker gene. |
| 787 | 21544727 | PPAR?, which is abundant in adipose tissue, stimulates adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis, and results in an increase in insulin sensitivity. |
| 788 | 21839662 | Although insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) are involved in age-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus, the association of these hormones with serum adiponectin level is still unclear. |
| 789 | 21839662 | IGF-I was negatively correlated with adiponectin (r=-0.25, p<0.001) and DHEA-S was negatively correlated with adiponectin and HbA1c (r=-0.17, p=0.003 and r=-0.12, p=0.027, respectively). |
| 790 | 21839662 | Adiponectin was negatively associated with IGF-I (?=-0.15, p=0.013), but not DHEA-S. |
| 791 | 21839662 | Present cross-sectional study for the first time showed a negative association of serum IGF-I with serum adiponectin in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes independent of age, duration of diabetes, BMI, renal function, and HbA1c. |
| 792 | 21909476 | Strong combined associations of IR and adiponectin with IFG were observed in men and women. |
| 793 | 21241371 | The adipokine resistin was positively and the potentially cardio-protective adiponectin was negatively correlated with the PASI (r = 0.50, P = 0.02 and r = -0.56, P = 0.007, respectively). |
| 794 | 21823053 | This review discusses the role of lactogens on glucose homeostasis during pregnancy and proposes a mechanism by which the hormonal control of lactation, led by prolactin, may regulate adipocyte biology, glucose and lipid metabolism, and guard postpartum women against type 2 diabetes. |
| 795 | 21932576 | Leptin and adiponectin levels were significantly correlated with anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR and insulin in all subjects and with fasting glucose in girls only. |
| 796 | 20335101 | The renoprotective effect of adiponectin may be at least partially mediated by the activation of the AMPK signaling passway, ROS production inhibition, relief of the oxidative stress, and up-regulation of eNOS expression in the renal tissue of diabetic rats. |
| 797 | 21846802 | After weight loss, skeletal muscle NIK protein was significantly reduced in association with increased plasma adiponectin and enhanced AMP kinase phosphorylation and insulin sensitivity in obese subjects. |
| 798 | 21846802 | Adiponectin treatment inhibited NIK-induced NF-?B activation and restored insulin sensitivity by restoring PI3 kinase activation and subsequent Akt phosphorylation. |
| 799 | 21846802 | These results indicate that NIK induces insulin resistance and further indicate that adiponectin exerts its insulin-sensitizing effect by suppressing NIK-induced skeletal muscle inflammation. |
| 800 | 19521344 | When 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with the 12/15-LO products, 12-hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (12(S)-HETE) and 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HPETE), expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-12p40, was upregulated whereas anti-inflammatory adiponectin gene expression was downregulated. 12/15-LO products also augmented c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK-1) phosphorylation, a known negative regulator of insulin signaling. |
| 801 | 15793240 | Adipose tissue gene expression in transgenic mice is characterized by decreased expression of leptin and resistin and increased expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and uncoupling protein 2. |
| 802 | 17681146 | Both effects are accompanied by corresponding changes in the expression of PPARgamma, C/EBPalpha, and genes marking terminal adipocyte differentiation, including Glut4, aP2, and fatty acid synthase. |
| 803 | 18375436 | Although apolipoprotein B mRNA levels were robustly suppressed in the livers of adiponectin-overexpressing mice and in cultured HepG2 cells treated with recombinant human adiponectin, hepatic VLDL-TG secretion rates were not altered by elevated plasma adiponectin. |
| 804 | 18375436 | Recombinant human adiponectin treatment increased LPL and VLDLr mRNA levels in differentiated C1C12 myotubes. |
| 805 | 18375436 | These results suggest that adiponectin decreases plasma TG levels by increasing skeletal muscle LPL and VLDLr expression and consequently VLDL-TG catabolism. |
| 806 | 18716158 | Adiponectin (adipoQ) gene variants have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. |
| 807 | 18716158 | Our aim was to examine whether the presence of several polymorphisms at the adipoQ gene locus (-11391 G > A, -11377 C > G, 45 T > G, and 276 G > T) influences the insulin sensitivity to dietary fat. |
| 808 | 18981473 | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARgamma), a nuclear receptor and the target of anti-diabetic thiazolinedione drugs, is known as the master regulator of adipocyte biology. |
| 809 | 18981473 | Although it regulates hundreds of adipocyte genes, PPARgamma binding to endogenous genes has rarely been demonstrated. |
| 810 | 18981473 | C/EBPbeta also plays a role at many of these genes, such that both C/EBPalpha and beta are required along with PPARgamma for robust adipocyte-specific gene expression. |
| 811 | 19029992 | In endothelial cells, adiponectin enhances production of nitric oxide, suppresses production of reactive oxygen species, and protects cells from inflammation that results from exposure to high glucose levels or tumor necrosis factor, through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (also known as protein kinase A) signaling cascades. |
| 812 | 19029992 | In the myocardium, adiponectin-mediated protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury is linked to cyclo-oxygenase-2-mediated suppression of tumor necrosis factor signaling, inhibition of apoptosis by AMP-activated protein kinase, and inhibition of excess peroxynitrite-induced oxidative and nitrative stress. |
| 813 | 21873554 | Mice with adipocyte-specific targeted disruption of the genes encoding the HIF1 obligatory subunits Hif1? or Arnt (Hif1?) were generated using an aP2-Cre transgene with the Cre/LoxP system. |
| 814 | 21873554 | On an HFD, adipocyte-specific ARNT knockout mice and adipocyte-specific HIF1? knockout mice exhibit similar metabolic phenotypes, including reduced fat formation, protection from HFD-induced obesity, and insulin resistance compared with similarly fed wild-type controls. |
| 815 | 21873554 | The improvement of insulin resistance is associated with decreased expression of Socs3 and induction of adiponectin. |
| 816 | 21966330 | Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors leads to a decrease in insulin resistance and modification of adipocyte metabolism. |
| 817 | 20813966 | This Commentary discusses how suppressor of glucose by autophagy (SOGA) contributes to adiponectin-mediated insulin-dependent inhibition of autophagy during the activation of adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK). |
| 818 | 21881808 | On the other hand, sleep deprivation stress affects adipokines - increasing tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreasing leptin and adiponectin -, thus establishing a possible association between sleep-debt, adipokines and glucose metabolism. |
| 819 | 9568706 | BRL 49653 partially blocked the TNF-alpha-mediated reduction in protein levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and perilipin A, two proteins involved in adipocyte lipolysis. |
| 820 | 18202123 | That much remains to be discovered is suggested by the recent identification of a novel lipase [adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL)] and lipase regulator [Comparative Gene Identification-58 (CGI-58)], which has led to reconsideration of the decades-old model of lipolysis. |
| 821 | 21248294 | Prior studies have found that in individuals with CKD, leptin is associated with fat mass but resistin is not and the associations with adiponectin are conflicting. |
| 822 | 22019747 | Adipose tissue is now regarded as a source of proinflammatory mediators which may contribute to vascular injury, insulin resistance (IR), and atherogenesis, however, some of them have a protective role against vascular inflammation and/or IR; namely adiponectin and nitric oxide (NO). |
| 823 | 21928201 | Adiponectin is a protein produced by the adipose tissue, exhibits potential antiatherogenic properties and is involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. |
| 824 | 21928201 | The changes in plasma adiponectin levels (the difference in plasma adiponectin levels between Days 5 and 21) negatively correlated with CRP levels (r = -0.41, p = 0.001). |
| 825 | 18510434 | Adiponectin is an adipocyte hormone that links visceral adiposity with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. |
| 826 | 18510434 | In vitro studies suggest that adiponectin production may be determined primarily by adipocyte size and insulin sensitivity, with larger, insulin-resistant adipocytes producing less adiponectin. |
| 827 | 18510434 | In addition, adiponectin production is inhibited by a number of hormones, including testosterone, prolactin, glucocorticoids and growth hormone, and by inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue. |
| 828 | 21853531 | Here, we identify the transcription factor retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (ROR?) as a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation through expression of its newly identified target gene matrix metalloproteinase 3. |
| 829 | 21865369 | In addition, there were significantly increased numbers of macrophages infiltrating the SAT of MetS and increased numbers of crown-like structures compared with controls. hsCRP correlated positively with homeostasis model assessment and SAT MCP-1 and negatively with adiponectin. |
| 830 | 22074575 | One of the key metabolic actions of insulin is to control blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake into adipocyte and muscle cells. |
| 831 | 21301856 | We investigated erythrocyte n-6 and n-3 PUFA in relation to plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin, and whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPAR?2 gene (PPARG2) modified these associations. |
| 832 | 21874366 | The rats were followed for 6 weeks after surgery, and their body weight change, cumulative food intake, metabolic parameters, plasma levels of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and adiponectin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), and gastric emptying rate were measured. |
| 833 | 21295959 | In both subcutaneous and visceral preadipocytes, lactoferrin (1 and 10 ?M) increased adipogenic gene expressions and protein levels (fatty acid synthase, PPAR?, FABP4, ADIPOQ, ACC and STAMP2) and decreased inflammatory markers (IL8, IL6 and MCP1) dose-dependently in parallel to increased insulin-induced (Ser473)AKT phosphorylation. |
| 834 | 21840935 | Among participants with both hypertension and insulin resistance, there was a significant direct association between adiponectin and the LVM index after multivariable adjustment (?=1.55, P=0.04, per 1-SD increment in the adiponectin log value). |
| 835 | 21840935 | Conclusions- The association between serum adiponectin and LVM among blacks in the Jackson Heart Study cohort was dependent on hypertension and insulin resistance status. |
| 836 | 21871685 | Thus, early intensive insulin therapy can increase serum adiponectin and NO concentrations and improve endothelial function in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. |
| 837 | 21890375 | The degree of adiponectin-mediated induction of the chemokines CCL3, -4, and -5 negatively correlates with their basal levels and upregulation of CCL3 and CCL5 is significantly impaired in OW and T2D cells. |
| 838 | 21890375 | In conclusion these data demonstrate that adiponectin stimulates release of CCL2 to CCL5 in primary human monocytes, and induction in cells of overweight probands is partly impaired. |
| 839 | 21890375 | Adiponectin also lowers surface abundance of CCR2 and CCR5 and downregulation of CCR2 seems to depend on autocrine/paracrine effects of CCL2. |
| 840 | 21998402 | OBJECTIVE Increase in adipose cAMP-responsive elementx{2013}binding protein (CREB) activity promotes adipocyte dysfunction and systemic insulin resistance in obese mice. |
| 841 | 21736771 | Naringin significantly decreased IR, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, TNF-?, IL-6, C-reactive protein and concomitantly increased adiponectin and ?-cell function in a dose-dependent manner. |