Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: AGRP

Gene name: agouti related protein homolog (mouse)

HGNC ID: 330

Synonyms: Agrt, ART, ASIP2

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CARTPT	1 hits
2	CCK	1 hits
3	CNTF	1 hits
4	CREB1	1 hits
5	FOS	1 hits
6	GHRL	1 hits
7	GHSR	1 hits
8	GRP	1 hits
9	IAPP	1 hits
10	INS	1 hits
11	INSR	1 hits
12	KLF4	1 hits
13	LEP	1 hits
14	MAPK8	1 hits
15	MC4R	1 hits
16	MYC	1 hits
17	NKX2-1	1 hits
18	NPY	1 hits
19	NR3C1	1 hits
20	NTS	1 hits
21	POMC	1 hits
22	PRKAA1	1 hits
23	PYY	1 hits
24	SDC3	1 hits
25	UCP1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	10657511	Neuropeptide Y (NPY), melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), orexins A and B, galanin, and agouti -related peptide (AgRP) all act to stimulate feeding while alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), cholecystokinin (CCK), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), neurotensin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP 1), and bombesin have anorectic actions.(1) Leptin, expressed in the periphery in white adipose tissue, acts in the CNS to modulate the expression of several of these hypothalamic peptides.(1) This creates a functional link between the adipose tissue and the brain that translates the information on body fat provided by leptin to input into energy balance regulating processes.
2	12848900	Fasting and diabetes are characterized by elevated glucocorticoids and reduced insulin, leptin, elevated hypothalamic AGRP and NPY mRNA, and reduced hypothalamic POMC mRNA.
3	16210367	As anticipated, the intracerebroventricular infusion of leptin reduced fasting-induced elevations in NPY and AGRP mRNA and increased proopiomelanocortin and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA in the arcuate nucleus.
4	16310285	Inhibition of the HPT axis by fasting may be explained by inhibition of melanocortin signaling as a result of a reduction in alpha-MSH and increase in AGRP.
5	16310285	Neuropeptide Y may also modulate the effects of the melanocortin signaling system during fasting by potentiating the inhibitory actions of AGRP on hypophysiotropic TRH neurons to prevent the phosphorylation of CREB and through direct inhibitory effects on alpha-MSH-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus.
6	16876574	Leptin activates Janus-activating kinase2 (Jak2) and STAT 3, resulting in stimulation of anorexigenic peptides, e.g., alpha-MSH and CART, and inhibition of orexigenic peptides, e.g., NPY and AGRP.
7	17065347	Expression of agouti-related peptide (AGRP) in the hypothalamus is increased in NPY knockout (NPYko) than wild-type mice, but unlike wild type there is no further increase in AGRP when NPYko mice are fasted.
8	16935329	The structure and function of many hypothalamic peptides (neuropeptide Y (NPY), melanocortins, agouti-related peptide (AGRP), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), orexins have been characterized in rodent models The peripheral neuropeptides such as cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY3-36), amylin, bombesin regulate important gastrointestinal functions such as motility, secretion, absorption, provide feedback to the central nervous system on availability of nutrients and may play a part in regulating food intake.
9	18421906	The mediators of these hormone and receptor actions are melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and the others. 2) Ghrelin, endogenose cannabinoides, galanin-like peptide and the mediators of their actions: neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Agouti gene related protein (AGRP) increase the appetite and food consumption.
10	19805233	Furthermore, E2 treatment suppresses fasting-induced c-Fos activation in AgRP and NPY neurons and blunts the refeeding response.
11	19883613	PI3K signaling is thought to mediate leptin and insulin action in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons, key regulators of energy homeostasis, through largely unknown mechanisms.
12	19933998	The contrasting phenotypes of InsR knock-ins in POMC and AgRP neurons suggest a branched-pathway model of hypothalamic insulin signaling in which InsR signaling in AgRP neurons decreases HGP, whereas InsR activation in POMC neurons promotes HGP and activates the melanocortinergic energy expenditure program.
13	20022934	In this study, we show that central inhibition of JNK activity potentiates the stimulatory effects of glucocorticoids on food intake and that this effect is abolished in mice whose agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are degenerated.
14	20022934	JNK1-deficient mice feed more upon central administration of glucocorticoids, and glucocorticoid receptor nuclear immunoreactivity is enhanced in the AgRP neurons.
15	20022934	Our study shows that JNK1 is a novel regulator of feeding by antagonizing glucocorticoid function in AgRP neurons.
16	20626417	Incubation of hypothalamic explants with 0.4, 4 and 40 nmol/L CART (55-102) for 45 min significantly increased NPY IR, whereas exposure of explants to 4 nmol/L CART (55-102) increased AGRP IR and CRH IR.
17	20923696	Interestingly, we determined that the AgRP neuropeptide is reduced in the PVN of SDC-3(-/-) mice compared to wild type mice.
18	20980461	In vivo, PMI-5011 increased Agrp promoter activity in luciferase-expressing transgenic mice, increased hypothalamic Klf4 and Agrp expression, increased hypothalamic Orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone, increased food intake, reduced circulating insulin and leptin levels, attenuated energy expenditure, and enhanced body weight but only when using a high-fat diet.
19	21205112	It regulated c-myc gene expression through the JAK2/STAT system and c-fos and AgRP (agouti-related peptide) gene expression through the ERK1/2 pathway simultaneously and independently.
20	21282365	TTF-1 activity in AgRP and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) transcription was examined using gel-shift and promoter assays and an in vivo model of TTF-1 synthesis inhibition by intracerebroventricular injection of an antisense (AS) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN).
21	21282365	TTF-1 stimulated AgRP but inhibited POMC transcription by binding to the promoters of these genes.
22	21282365	In addition, intracerebroventricular administration of leptin decreased TTF-1 expression in the hypothalamus, and AS ODN-induced inhibition of TTF-1 expression decreased food intake and AgRP expression but increased ?-MSH expression.
23	21282365	TTF-1 transcriptionally regulates synthesis of AgRP and ?-MSH in the ARC and affects feeding behavior via the melanocortin pathway.
24	21574956	The age-related central resistance to leptin and insulin does not reduce their inhibitory effects on the activity of NPY and AgRP neurons.
25	11359864	We proceeded to analyze whether insulin or leptin played the greater role in the regulation of AGRP using Zucker fa/fa rats.
26	11359864	We further found that up-regulation of AGRP expression was normalized by infusion of leptin into the third cerebroventricle (i3vt), but not by i3vt infusion of insulin, although up-regulation of AGRP was partially corrected by systemic insulin infusion.
27	11359864	After STZ-DM induction, A(y)/a mice whose melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) was blocked by ectopic expression of agouti protein additionally accelerated hyperphagia and up-regulated AGRP mRNA, implying that the mechanism is triggered by a leptin deficit rather than by the main action of the message through MC4-R.
28	10512369	We also studied leptin's regulation of hypothalamic AGRP mRNA expression.
29	10512369	Hypothalamic AGRP mRNA expression was upregulated in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice and downregulated in lethal yellow agouti mice (KKAy mice) with hyperleptinemia.
30	10512369	This study provides the first direct evidence that AGRP is a negative regulator of leptin action, and leptin downregulates hypothalamic AGRP production.
31	11078456	Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) mRNA expression increased and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) decreased in response to fasting.
32	11078456	Leptin administration decreased NPY and AgRP and increased POMC mRNA levels toward baseline, but CNTF administration in fasted mice had no effect of comparable significance.
33	11179781	Insulin replacement was also associated with a return of hypothalamic AGRP mRNA (111.7+/-8.3% of controls) and NPY mRNA (125.0+/-8.9% of controls) from the elevated levels that were observed in untreated diabetic rats.
34	11179781	These data indicate that AGRP is a mediator of diabetic hyperhpagia and suggest that insulin can directly influence hypothalamic AGRP and NPY mRNA expression.
35	11272133	The melanocortin receptor (MC3-R and MC4-R) antagonist, agouti-related protein (AGRP), is a potent stimulant of food intake.
36	11272133	This study demonstrates that independent of its orexigenic effects, chronic AGRP treatment decreased BAT UCP-1, suppressed plasma TSH, and increased fat mass and plasma leptin, suggesting that it may play a role in energy expenditure.
37	11679419	Recently, we showed that a single central administration of ghrelin increased food intake and hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AGRP) gene expression in rodents, and the orexigenic effect of this peptide seems to be independent of its GH-releasing activity.
38	11679419	We also found that chronic central administration of ghrelin increased both neuropeptide Y (NPY) mRNA levels (151.0 +/- 10.1% of saline-treated controls; P < 0.05) and AGRP mRNA levels (160.0 +/- 22.5% of saline-treated controls; P < 0.05) in the arcuate nucleus.
39	16046291	CORT increased plasma insulin levels 50-fold in Pomc-/- versus 14-fold in wild-type mice (P < 0.01) and increased hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) expression by more than 200% in Pomc-/- versus 40% in wild type (P < 0.05).
40	16320160	Agouti related protein (AgRP) is an endogenous antagonist at the MC3-R and MC4-R and is expressed in the rat adrenal cortex.
41	16320160	AgRP antagonises alpha-MSH-induced corticosterone release from rat and bovine adrenal cells.
42	17334640	These observations indicate that Ins2Akita mice, which are characterized by hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia, exhibited hyperphagia and anxiety behavior; the mechanism of action involved the activation of hypothalamic AGRP and the inactivation of hypothalamic POMC.
43	17400800	This phenotype also shows significant alterations in POMC, NPY, AgRP and OBRb gene expression together with elevations in circulating levels of both plasma leptin and insulin.
44	17550779	While neither POMC- nor AgRP-restricted IR knockout mice exhibited altered energy homeostasis, insulin failed to normally suppress hepatic glucose production during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps in AgRP-IR knockout (IR(DeltaAgRP)) mice.
45	18535107	The addition of the AMPK inhibitor compound C to the medium, which blocked increases of p-AMPK and p-ACC by DEX, significantly attenuated Npy and Agrp gene expression stimulated by DEX.
46	18535107	Thus, our data demonstrated that glucocorticoids up-regulate the Npy and Agrp gene expression in the arcuate nucleus through AMPK signaling, suggesting that the activation of the hypothalamic APMK signaling by glucocorticoids might be essential to the energy homeostasis.
47	18657539	Increases in NPY and AgRP mRNA expression were less pronounced in diabetic GHS-R(-/-) than in GHS-R(+/+) mice from day 15 on, whereas decreases in proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels were similar in both genotypes.