Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: APLP2

Gene name: amyloid beta (A4) precursor-like protein 2

HGNC ID: 598

Synonyms: APPH

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ADIPOQ	1 hits
2	ANXA5	1 hits
3	APOE	1 hits
4	APP	1 hits
5	BACE1	1 hits
6	CCL2	1 hits
7	CRP	1 hits
8	CTGF	1 hits
9	CXCL1	1 hits
10	GCG	1 hits
11	GCK	1 hits
12	GHRH	1 hits
13	GPLD1	1 hits
14	HLA-A	1 hits
15	HMGCR	1 hits
16	HSPA1A	1 hits
17	IAPP	1 hits
18	IDE	1 hits
19	IL6	1 hits
20	INS	1 hits
21	INSIG1	1 hits
22	INSIG2	1 hits
23	INSR	1 hits
24	LPAL2	1 hits
25	LRP1	1 hits
26	MAPT	1 hits
27	MIF	1 hits
28	MIRN375	1 hits
29	NR1H3	1 hits
30	PDX1	1 hits
31	PSENEN	1 hits
32	SHBG	1 hits
33	SLC2A2	1 hits
34	SRR	1 hits
35	SST	1 hits
36	TTR	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	416984	The quantity of insular amyloid correlated significantly with glucose clearance in intravenous glucose tolerance tests and with serum glucose, triglycerides, immunoreactive insulin, and prebetallipoprotein measured after an overnight fast.
2	3979691	These results do not support the suggestion that continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion stimulates serum amyloid A production or that it carries a risk of inducing reactive systemic amyloidosis.
3	2441214	These results suggest that islet amyloid contains DAP, which may originate from B-cells.
4	2659052	In the eight years that have elapsed since the first implantation of an insulin pump in a human subject, insulin delivered by implantable pump has been shown to improve metabolic control while reducing total and LDL cholesterol, serum amyloid A, and serum anti-insulin antibody titres.
5	2668761	Although increased production of IAPP may initially cause insulin resistance, prolonged overproduction of IAPP may ultimately impair insulin secretion by leading to the progressive deposition of insoluble islet amyloid, a finding apparent in most subjects with overt diabetes.
6	2612759	When pancreatic mRNA was analysed, a 16-fold elevation in islet amyloid polypeptide mRNA was observed with only a four-fold increase in insulin mRNA levels.
7	1970540	We determined islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) response in plasma to oral and intravenous glucose administration and intravenous insulin injection in nondiabetic subjects.
8	2198187	Islet amyloid in diabetic Pima Indians may indicate a primary Beta-cell defect which interacts with insulin resistance to produce diabetes, or may develop as a result of Beta-cell dysfunction induced by insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia.
9	2028355	Other circulating hormones, such as the newly characterised islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin), may also cause insulin resistance.
10	2065848	This study suggests that basal hypo-secretion of islet amyloid polypeptide relative to insulin exists in non-obese Type 2 diabetes and that circulating islet amyloid polypeptide may act physiologically with insulin to modulate the glucose metabolism.
11	18411183	Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin), first identified as the peptide deposited as amyloid in type-2 diabetic pancreas and insulinoma, turns out to be a peptide produced in the pancreatic beta-cell secretory granule that is costored and coreleased with insulin.
12	1563587	To study whether abnormal secretion of islet amyloid polypeptide is involved in the development of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, we measured islet amyloid polypeptide concentrations in 56 first-degree relatives of Type 2 diabetic subjects and in 10 healthy control subjects.
13	1563587	It is however, unlikely that islet amyloid polypeptide is involved in the development of insulin resistance as insulin-resistant relatives with normal glucose-tolerance showed normal islet amyloid polypeptide concentrations.
14	1637089	Islet amyloid polypeptide, or amylin, is co-localized with insulin to the beta-cell secretory granule and is synthesized and released in parallel with insulin in response to a range of physiological and pharmacological stimuli.
15	1641390	Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) has been recently identified as the principal constituent of amyloid deposits in pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and causes insulin resistance in some target cells.
16	1473619	In positive serum, adsorption onto protein A-Sepharose removed islet amyloid polypeptide binding activity, hereby confirming its antibody nature.
17	8477877	Pancreatic tissue from 14 patients, 7 with Type 2 diabetes and 7 non-diabetic, were obtained at autopsy or surgery and studied for islet amyloid polypeptide expression by in situ hybridization and for presence of insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide by immunohistochemistry.
18	8335181	These findings suggest a mechanism for persistent islet amyloid polypeptide secretion and amyloid accumulation when regulated insulin release is impaired as in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and insulinomas.
19	8210295	These could include 'defects' in islet cell function: examples could be mutations in the glucokinase gene and the genetic factors leading to amyloid deposition.
20	8307253	Pharmacological doses of islet amyloid polypeptide have been shown to inhibit insulin secretion as well as insulin action on peripheral tissues (insulin resistance).
21	8307253	To examine the role of islet amyloid polypeptide in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes, we have generated transgenic mice with the gene encoding either human islet amyloid polypeptide (which can form amyloid) or rat islet amyloid polypeptide, under control of an insulin promoter.
22	8307253	This suggests that insulin resistance is not induced by chronic hypersecretion of islet amyloid polypeptide.
23	7929617	To understand regulation of islet amyloid polypeptide gene expression, we have identified several potential cis-acting transcriptional control elements that influence beta-cell-specific islet amyloid polypeptide gene expression.
24	7711888	To investigate the relationship between human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)/amylin expression and islet amyloid deposits in the pathogenesis of human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we developed transgenic mice using a human IAPP cDNA connected to an insulin promoter.
25	7660530	Amylin has been postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of feline diabetes mellitus both through its metabolic effects, which include inhibition of insulin secretion and induction of insulin resistance, and via progressive amyloid deposition and beta cell degeneration.
26	7677175	We have previously demonstrated that IAPP-derived amyloid forms intracellularly in humans with chronic excess insulin expression (eg, insulinoma and insulin receptor antibody-induced insulin resistance).
27	7472513	Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) or amylin is a hormone candidate predominantly expressed in insulin cells.
28	8922372	The exogenous expression of PDX-1 in alphaTC1.6 cells alone could induce islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) mRNA expression in the cells but not the expression of insulin, glucokinase, or GLUT2 gene.
29	10525663	The proportion of fibrillar amyloid (amyloid area/islet area%) correlated with the amount of insulin (r = 0.55, p < 0.05) and IAPP (r = 0.5, p < 0.05) in the culture media.
30	11106582	Therefore we compared the abilities of S20G and WT amylin to induce apoptosis in transfected COS-1 cells and form amyloid in vitro.
31	11117522	PDX-1 binds to and transactivates the promoters of several physiologically relevant genes within the beta-cell, including insulin, glucose transporter 2, glucokinase, and islet amyloid polypeptide.
32	12941771	IDE inhibition by bacitracin impaired amylin degradation, increased amyloid formation, and increased amylin-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting a role for IDE in amylin clearance and the prevention of amylin aggregation.
33	12812521	Of the compounds investigated, incubation of human amylin with a 20-fold molar excess of either Congo Red or Acridine Orange resulted in significant inhibition in the rate of amyloid formation.
34	12812521	These findings show that polycyclic compounds can suppress the formation of amyloid by human amylin, providing support for an alternative approach to peptide-based strategies by which islet amyloid formation could be modulated.
35	14613923	This increase in life span in hIAPPxRIP-Tag was positively correlated with body weight (r = 0.48, P < 0.05) and was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity compared with RIP-Tag mice. hIAPPxRIP-Tag mice did not develop amyloid during their 4-mo life span, suggesting that increased hIAPP secretion is insufficient for islet amyloid formation within such a short time.
36	15259000	Since GPI-PLD is synthesized by, and secreted from, pancreatic islet beta cells, the present study examined the hypothesis that GPI-PLD associates with islet amyloid.
37	15259000	Heparan sulphate proteoglycan, which is commonly present in most amyloid, bound GPI-PLD in vitro.
38	15259000	GPI-PLD inhibited the formation of amyloid fibrils from synthetic islet amyloid polypeptide in vitro.
39	15259000	Since GPI-PLD also inhibited islet amyloid polypeptide fibril formation in vitro, it is concluded that GPI-PLD may play a role in islet amyloid formation in type 2 diabetes.
40	15286457	On the other hand, the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine with multiple biological activities, including the ability to act as potent amyloid beta (A-beta)-binding protein.
41	15975085	Why diabetes would increase the likelihood of Alzheimer's disease is not immediately clear, although recent studies have demonstrated an impact of insulin abnormalities, insulin resistance and advanced glycation end products on both the development of neural amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
42	15750215	These abnormalities were associated with reduced levels of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) mRNA, tau mRNA, IRS-associated phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase, and phospho-Akt (activated), and increased glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity and amyloid precursor protein mRNA expression.
43	15850385	Deletion of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) in mice causes accumulation of cerebral amyloid beta-protein (Abeta), hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance.
44	16186174	With this evidence we continued to explore the regulation of CTGF in postmortem AD brain tissue and found that CTGF expression correlated with the progression of AD clinical dementia and amyloid neuritic plaque (NP) neuropathology, but not neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) deposition.
45	16186174	Finally, using in vitro cellular models of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-processing and Abeta generation/clearance, we confirmed that human recombinant (hr)CTGF may increase Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 peptide steady-state levels, possibly through a mechanism that involves gamma-secretase activation and decreased insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) steady-state levels in a MAP kinase (MAPK)/ phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K)/protein kinase-B (AKT)1-dependent manner.
46	16425966	Moreover, it has been confirmed that high proinsulin concentrations stimulate amylin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells and amyloid accumulation within pancreatic islets leading to impairment of pancreatic islets secretory function.
47	16505860	Formation of small, dense HDL particles with attenuated antiatherogenic activity can be mechanistically related to HDL enrichment in triglycerides and in serum amyloid A, depletion of cholesteryl esters, covalent modification of HDL apolipoproteins and attenuated antiatherogenic function of apolipoprotein AI.
48	16574064	Insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), a zinc metalloprotease, can specifically recognize and degrade insulin, as well as several amyloidogenic peptides such as amyloid beta (Abeta) and amylin.
49	16968152	These nestin-positive cell-derived ICCs expressed numerous beta-cell lineage genes, including insulin; Glut-2; pancreatic duodenal homebox-1 protein (PDX-1); islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP); neurogenin 3 (ngn3); and alpha, gamma, and delta cell gene markers.
50	17065343	In an effort to identify novel epitopes, we used matrix-assisted algorithms to predict peptides of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), prepro-islet amyloid polypeptide (ppIAPP), and islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP) that likely bind to HLA-A*0201 with a strong affinity and contain a COOH-terminal proteasomal cleavage site.
51	17065344	To identify additional epitopes, HLA class I peptide affinity algorithms were used to identify a panel of peptides derived from the beta-cell proteins islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP), insulin, insulinoma-associated antigen 2 (IA-2), and phogrin that were predicted to bind HLA-A*0201.
52	17609417	The hepatic clearance of amyloid beta-peptide (1-40) [Abeta(1-40)] from plasma, which is largely mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP-1), is suggested to play a role in preventing Abeta(1-40) accumulation in the brain.
53	18022240	Cu(II) at 10.0 microM inhibited amylin of 0.4 and 2.0 microM from forming amyloid fibrils while the same concentration of either Al(III) or Zn(II) promoted the formation of beta-pleated sheet structures.
54	18303079	Our objective was to compare the effects of oral vs. transdermal estrogen therapy on C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, E- and P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, serum amyloid A, transferrin, prealbumin, IGF-I, SHBG, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), and cortisol-binding globulin (CBG) in naturally menopausal women.
55	18303079	During oral CEE the intrasubject changes in CRP correlated strongly with the changes in serum amyloid A (r = 0.805; P < 0.001), and were only weakly associated with the changes in SHBG (r = 0.248; nonsignificant), TBG (0.430; P = 0.031), and CBG (r = 0.072; nonsignificant).
56	19015532	We describe a full structural model for amyloid fibrils formed by the 40-residue beta-amyloid peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease (Abeta(1-40)), based on numerous constraints from solid state NMR and electron microscopy.
57	19117266	BACE2 is a protease homologous to BACE1 protein, an enzyme involved in the amyloid formation of Alzheimer disease (AD).
58	19195555	In addition, cholesterol sequestered amylin aggregates into membrane microdomains that in turn decreased amyloid deposition across the membranes.
59	19148619	After 48 h, amyloid deposition was associated with increased ROS levels and increased beta cell apoptosis, but no change in insulin secretion, content or mRNA levels.
60	19148619	Inhibition of amyloid formation also increased insulin content.
61	19229175	Here, we demonstrate application of PICUP to cross-linking of three amyloidogenic proteins the 40- and 42-residue amyloid beta-protein variants (Abeta40 and Abeta42), and calcitonin, and a control protein, growth-hormone releasing factor (GRF).
62	19383476	Insulin is a 51-residue polypeptide hormone, with its two polypeptide chains linked by one intrachain and two interchain disulfide bonds, and has long been known to self-assemble in vitro into amyloid fibrils.
63	19379129	Moreover, the presence of inductive factors in the Matrigel plus exendin-4 led to an increase in Pdx1 and endocrine genes, such as insulin, islet amyloid polypeptide, glucagon, the glucose transporter GLUT2, chromogranin A and the convertases PC1/3 and PC2 were also detected.
64	19758820	The aim of this study was to characterize the association between adipocyte enlargement and circulating levels of serum amyloid A (SAA).
65	19810772	We conclude that annexin A5 might act as a molecular safeguard against the formation of toxic amyloid aggregates.
66	19672057	We recently demonstrated that adipocyte amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression is upregulated in obesity and correlates with insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation.
67	19146426	Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a 37-amino acid polypeptide hormone of the calcitonin family, is colocalized and cosecreted with insulin in secretory granules of pancreatic islet beta cells.
68	19146426	Its interactions with insulin in the secretory granules might influence the formation of cytotoxic oligomers and amyloid fibrils.
69	19945428	To study the changes in secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures, and the alteration in the collective vibrational mode density of states during the amyloid fibrillation, bovine insulin in 20% acetic acid was incubated at 60 degrees C, and its multi-level structures were followed by various biophysical techniques, including circular dichroism (CD), thioflavin T fluorescence (ThT), dynamic light scattering (DLS), electron microscopy, and terahertz (THz) absorption spectroscopy.
70	18370645	Our own most recent data show that a low dose infusion of insulin in patients with acute myocardial infarction induces a reduction in inflammation (C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A) and oxidative stress, and promotes fibrinolysis.
71	18370776	Low Hsps make organs vulnerable to injury, impair the stress response, accelerate systemic inflammation, raise islet amyloid polypeptide, and increase insulin resistance.
72	20684641	Insulin, coexpressed and cosecreted with hIAPP in vivo, has the capacity of interacting with hIAPP and further inhibiting the amyloid deposition of the peptide.
73	20652679	IL-6-stimulated expression of the genes for acute-phase response markers serum amyloid A (SAA1, SAA2) and haptoglobin (HP) in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 were quantified after modulation of AMPK activity by pharmacological agonists (5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamideriboside [AICAR], metformin) or by using small interfering (si) RNA transfection.
74	20875380	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ezetimibe on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subspecies and serum amyloid A (SAA), an apolipoprotein mainly bound and transported by HDL particles, in patients with end-stage renal disease (ERSD), a condition typically characterized by high SAA- and low HDL-cholesterol (C ) levels. 26 ERSD patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) were given ezetimibe (10 mg/d) for 6 - 8 weeks.
75	20467341	The aim of this study was to examine correlations of the islet-specific microRNA-375 expression to islet amyloid formation and pancreatic islet damage in human type 2 diabetes.
76	20467341	The expression level of microRNA-375 correlated positively with the frequency and the severity of islet amyloid formation and negatively with proportions of islet beta-cells and amylin-positive area, and islet mitochondria density.
77	16444902	Such a decrease involves the insulin receptor cascade and can also increase amyloid toxicity.
78	21347323	We found no changes in APP processing however the levels of soluble amyloid beta 40 was reduced in APOE knockout animals treated with pioglitazone.
79	21163363	Misfolded human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) in pancreatic islets is associated with the loss of insulin-secreting beta cells in type 2 diabetes.
80	21448434	Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a thiol sensitive peptidase that degrades insulin and amyloid ?, and has been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease.
81	18160637	LR11 is a neuronal sorting protein that reduces amyloid precursor protein (APP) trafficking to secretases that generate beta-amyloid (Abeta).
82	19456151	Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) is a 37-residue peptide hormone associated with glucose metabolism that is cosecreted with insulin by beta-cells in the pancreas.
83	21411544	Insulin infusion also caused significant parallel reductions in nuclear factor-?B binding activity and plasma concentrations of serum amyloid A and intercellular adhesion molecule-1.
84	9637677	These mice develop diabetes with age, and we show that IPF1/PDX1 is required for maintaining the beta cell identity by positively regulating insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide expression and by repressing glucagon expression.
85	15028942	It has been shown that PDX-1 is required for maintaining the pancreatic islet functions by activating gene transcriptions including insulin, somatostatin (SST), islet amyloid polypeptide, glucose transporter type 2, and glucokinase.
86	21484213	Conversely, decreasing human IAPP release with diazoxide or somatostatin limited amyloid formation and its toxic effects.
87	21484213	However, the AKT-associated anti-apoptotic effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists such as exendin-4 may limit the toxic effects of increased islet amyloid.
88	21616080	The formation of hIAPP amyloid plaques near islet cells has been linked to the death of insulin-secreting ?-cells in humans and the progression of type II diabetes.
89	21298325	It was found that insulin significantly reduced IL-6-induced gene transcription of serum amyloid 1 (SAA1), serum amyloid 2 (SAA2), haptoglobin, orosomucoid, and plasmin activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).
90	7983808	To investigate the relationship between human islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)/amylin expression and islet amyloid deposits in the pathogenesis of human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we generated transgenic mice using a human IAPP cDNA connected to an insulin promoter.
91	20229808	Peripheral hyperinsulinemia may link to cerebral insulin resistance, leading to the inhibition of removal of amyloid beta protein and the increase of tau hyperphosphorylation.
92	21568932	Agonists of liver X receptor (LXR) reduce amyloid in brain plaques and improve cognitive performance in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.
93	21813778	Early aggregates of hIAPP, but not nonamyloidogenic rodent islet amyloid polypeptide, caused release of CCL2 and CXCL1 by islets and induced secretion of TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-1?, CCL2, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL10 by C57BL/6 bone marrow-derived macrophages. hIAPP-induced TNF-? secretion was markedly diminished in MyD88-, but not TLR2- or TLR4-deficient macrophages, and in cells treated with the IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra) anakinra.
94	21812109	By 6 ?h, acrolein altered hepatic gene expression including Insig1, Insig2 and Hmgcr genes and stimulated an acute-phase response (APR) with up-regulation of serum amyloid A genes (Saa) and systemic hypoalbuminemia.
95	19556854	We discuss the variety of effects Hsp70 and its regulators have on different prions and how the effects might be due to the many ways chaperones interact with each other and with amyloid.
96	21819598	We propose that higher dynamics in glycated insulin could prevent the formation of the rigid cross-? core structure found in amyloid fibrils, thereby contributing to the reduction in the ability to form fibrils and to the population of different aggregation pathways like the formation of native-like aggregates.
97	21822534	Pen-2 is a key regulator of the ?-secretase complex, which is involved in the production of the amyloid ? (A?)-42 peptides, which ultimately lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD).
98	21939517	We have determined that serine racemase (SR) expression is increased by inflammatory stimuli including liposaccharide (LPS), amyloid ?-peptide (A-beta), and secreted amyloid precursor protein (sAPP); expression is decreased by the anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone.
99	22098747	TTR mutants lead to familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy, with an earlier age of onset.