Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: IGF2

Gene name: insulin-like growth factor 2 (somatomedin A)

HGNC ID: 5466

Synonyms: FLJ44734

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	CDKN1C	1 hits
2	CTCF	1 hits
3	DNMT1	1 hits
4	DNMT3A	1 hits
5	FOXO1	1 hits
6	H19	1 hits
7	ICR1	1 hits
8	IDDM2	1 hits
9	IGF1	1 hits
10	IGF1R	1 hits
11	IGF2BP2	1 hits
12	IGFALS	1 hits
13	IGFBP1	1 hits
14	IGFBP2	1 hits
15	IGFBP3	1 hits
16	IGFBP6	1 hits
17	INS	1 hits
18	INSR	1 hits
19	LEP	1 hits
20	PDIA3	1 hits
21	PTEN	1 hits
22	SLC6A3	1 hits
23	SNORA73A	1 hits
24	SPARC	1 hits
25	SRA1	1 hits
26	WT1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	21913804	Since IGF-II activates the insulin receptor (INSR), we propose that the INSR signaling is also activated in this system.
2	6448739	In rats treated with insulin, blood glucose levels and glycosuria decreased, and serum somatomedin A returned to 108.3% +/- 11.7% of the initial values by the sixth day of treatment.
3	2430989	These findings raise the questions of whether maternal SMBP levels influence the amount of IGF-I available for the fetal-placental unit and whether IGF-II participates in glucose homeostasis in the fetus.
4	2435221	Both are mitogenic and IGF-II has more insulin-like effects than does SM-C/IGF-I.
5	2644137	This enzyme degraded 125I-labeled insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) more slowly than 125I-IGF-II and degraded IGF-II more slowly than 125I-insulin.
6	2540178	Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) in the presence and absence of GTP gamma S did not stimulate PIP2-PLC or PI-PLC in plasma membranes and cytosol preparations nor phosphoinositide breakdown in isolated human hepatocytes.
7	2542108	In competition experiments, IGF-I competed for binding more effectively than rat IGF-II or insulin.
8	2542427	IGF-I and IGF-II as well as the low molecular type of IGF binding protein (IGFPB) were determined in serum from 11 adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) during a cross-over study with conventional and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CIT and CSII) therapy.
9	2542427	The findings of elevated IGF-II and IGFBP levels and correlations between IGFBP and blood glucose concentration as well as IGF-II and HbA1c levels in adolescents with IDDM indicate that both IGF-II and IGFBP reflect a deranged metabolism caused by inadequate insulin administration.
10	2407519	IGF-II (200 ng/ml) also suppressed insulin release, but the effect was less pronounced than for IGF-I and was present at 16.7 mM glucose, but not at 7.8 mM glucose.
11	2088457	The influence of metabolic control (HbA1c), noradrenaline (NA) and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) on renal function and size was investigated in 11 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients aged 11-17 years.
12	1708099	IGF-II did not stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of its own receptor, but was 25% as active as IGF-I in stimulating phosphorylation of the IGF-I receptor.
13	1708099	These data indicate that the IGF-I receptor can be activated upon binding of IGF-I, and to a lesser extent IGF-II, in intact cells to mediate cellular events.
14	1649393	However, progestins also increased the secretion of IGF-II, a ligand for the IGF-I receptor.
15	1719386	The insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are thought to determine the distribution of IGF-I and IGF-II between the blood and tissue compartments and to modulate their biological activities.
16	1311795	Of special interest, a newly identified exon (hE1) was shown to be predominantly expressed in the tumor by Northern blot analysis using leader exon-specific rat IGF-II complementary DNA (cDNA) probes.
17	1386818	IGF-I stimulated renin secretion in perifusions as early as 30 min, whereas IGF-II had no effect.
18	1383692	The insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are a family of proteins that specifically bind IGF-I and IGF-II, determine their bioavailability to tissues, and modulate their actions in target tissues.
19	1439105	Little is known about the physiological significance of IGF-II, whose concentration, at variance with IGF-I, is not increased in acromegalic subjects.
20	7683512	The tentative conclusion would therefore be that free IGF-II is a major regulator of circulating IGFBP-2.
21	7683533	Enzymatic deglycosylation does not alter the high affinity of IGFBP-6 for IGF-II (Ka 4.4 +/- 2.2 x 10(11) M-1) or its preference for IGF-II over IGF-I.
22	7683646	Thus, the determinants of IGF-II binding to IGFBPs partially overlap those for the IGF-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor and overlap those for the IGF-I receptor to a lesser extent.
23	7683646	IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-6 are most sensitive to changes in IGF-II structure, although IGFBP-1 binds IGF-I and IGF-II with equal affinity, whereas IGFBP-6 has a marked preferential binding affinity for IGF-II.
24	8390684	These results suggest that underexpression, deletion, or mutation of WT1 may result in increased expression of the IGF-IR, whose activation by IGF-II may be an important aspect of the biology of Wilms tumor.
25	7688368	The insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are a family of six proteins that modulate the biological activity of IGF-I and IGF-II and determine their bioavailability to tissues.
26	7504689	IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were increased 10- and 13-fold in rubeosis (P << 0.01) compared with no ischemia (n = 10), while IGF-II and IGFBP-2 were elevated 2.7- and 4.3-fold (P < 0.01).
27	7504689	Vitreous from patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy but without rubeosis (n = 16) contained 2.5- and 2.2-fold elevated levels of IGF-I and of IGFBP-2 (P < 0.05), while IGF-II and IGFBP-3 were increased 1.4- and 1.6-fold, which was not significant.
28	7514206	More than 95% of IGF-I circulates bound to binding proteins (IGFBPs); of these IGFBP-1 is of particular interest as it is inversely regulated by insulin and is thought to inhibit the action of IGF-I and IGF-II.
29	8010960	Binding of IGF-II was approx. 25% of that of insulin at 1 nM concentrations of both hormones.
30	8010960	In order to explore which receptor mediated the IGF-II effect, we compared glucose uptake induced by IGF-II and two IGF-II analogues: [Leu27]IGF-II, with high affinity for the IGF-II/Man 6-P receptor but markedly reduced affinity for the IGF-I and insulin receptors, and [Arg54,Arg55]IGF-II was similar to that of IGF-II, whereas [Leu27]IGF-II had a very diminished effect.
31	8039596	Of these growth factors, IGF-I was the most potent, with a significant effect at 0.6 nM and maximal effects at 6.0 nM, followed by IGF-II and insulin.
32	7525263	Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) is an O-linked glycoprotein that binds insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) with marked preferential affinity over IGF-I.
33	7532054	IGFBP-2 levels were increased 6 to 7-fold following incubation with IGF-I, IGF-II or insulin for 48 h.
34	7530649	A 150-kDa pool, isolated after neutral Sephadex G-200 gel filtration of adult rat serum, bound IGF-II with approximately 80-fold greater affinity than IGF-I, but did not contain immunoprecipitable IGF-II/mannose-6-phosphate receptors, which bind IGF-II with the same preferential affinity.
35	7530649	The acid eluate and the acid-stripped flow-through predominantly formed 50-kDa complexes with [125I]IGF-II when affinity-cross-linked and examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; these complexes were precipitated by antibodies to rat IGFBP-3.
36	7530649	We conclude that the 150-kDa fraction of adult rat serum includes 1) ternary complexes of intact IGFBP-3 (which binds IGF-I and IGF-II with similar affinity), endogenous IGF-I, and the ALS; and 2) binary complexes of proteolytically nicked IGFBP-3 and ALS that bind IGF-II preferentially.
37	7536202	In the treated diabetics IGF-I and IGF-II were reduced; IGFBP-2 (only in prepubertal subjects) and IGFBP-3 were increased.
38	7536205	Improvement in glycemic control, as determined by a change in hemoglobin-A1c, correlated positively with improvement in IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, GHBP, and weight gain after 1 month of insulin therapy.
39	8927024	We demonstrated that in rat adipocytes both acute insulin effects, e.g. stimulation of IGF-II and transferrin binding and a chronic effect, insulin receptor downregulation, were stimulated by vanadate.
40	8796133	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is not associated with any significant changes in IGF-II levels during puberty.
41	8796133	The binding of IGFBP-3 for both IGF-I and IGF-II is unaltered by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
42	9369450	The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBPs) are a family of proteins that bind IGF-I and IGF-II and modulate their biological activities.
43	11134364	Under basal conditions, human decidualized endometrium produces both non-phosphorylated (np) and phosphorylated (p) isoforms of IGFBP-1; however, in the presence of IGF-II, which is a trophoblast secretory product, npIGFBP-1 was preferentially produced.
44	11147788	Allelic variation in the size of the insulin (INS) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) correlates with the expression of both INS in the pancreas and thymus and IGF2 (the gene downstream of INS) in the placenta.
45	11855150	IGF2 is expressed only in the paternal allele and, therefore, is considered a candidate gene for IDDM2 transmission because of its important autocrine/paracrine effects on the thymus, lymphocytes and pancreas.
46	12675960	Analysis by quintiles of nutrient intake showed a significant increase in circulating IGF-I concentration with increasing dietary fat intake (F for trend=3.9, ), saturated fat intake and for protein intake There was also a significant increase in IGF-II by quintiles of dietary protein intake There was a trend for increasing IGF-I with increasing energy intake.
47	12604504	Addition of IGFBPs dose dependently reduced the KIRA signal, whereas addition of IGF-II to preformed complexes (1:1 molar ratio) of IGF-I and IGFBP dose dependently increased IGF-I bioactivity by displacement of bound IGF-I.
48	15914054	IGFBP-6 inhibits growth of a number of IGF-II-dependent cancers, including rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma and colon cancer.
49	15914054	Although the major action of IGFBP-6 appears to be inhibition of IGF-II actions, a number of studies suggest that it may also have IGF-independent actions.
50	15914054	Both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of IGFBP-6 contribute to high affinity IGF binding, and the C-terminal domain appears to confer its IGF-II specificity.
51	16485043	We show that the mutant FoxO1 transgene prevents beta cell replication in 2 models of beta cell hyperplasia, 1 due to peripheral insulin resistance (Insulin receptor transgenic knockouts) and 1 due to ectopic local expression of IGF2 (Elastase-IGF2 transgenics), without affecting insulin secretion.
52	17413842	Several genes in this imprinted cluster encode proteins involved in growth regulation, e.g. the paternally expressed IGF2 and the maternally expressed cell-cycle regulator cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN1C.
53	17479439	Coincubation of bovine adrenocortical cells with purified IGFBP-1 (30 nM) induced a time--and dose-dependent potentiating effect (38+/-2%) on IGF-I-stimulated (6.5 nM) cortisol-secretion, wheras the IGF-II induced steroidogenic effect was inhibited (40+/-3%) by IGFBP-1.
54	17479439	In order to evaluate the influence of different phosphorylation states of IGFBP-1 on the steroidogenic effect of IGF-I and IGF-II and on the affinity to IGFs, a highly phosphorylated (pIGFBP-1) and a dephosphorylated isoform (dIGFBP-1) of IGFBP-1 have been separated by anion exchange chromatography for further incubation experiments and binding studies.
55	17479439	IN CONCLUSION, these results demonstrate that in bovine adrenocortical cells IGFBP-1 time- and dose-dependently inhibits the steroidogenic effect of IGF-II and stimulates the effect of IGF-I.
56	17479439	The mechanisms by which IGFBP-1 divergently regulates the steroidogenic effect of IGF-I and IGF-II remain unclear at present and further investigation is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms by which IGFBP-1 modulates IGF action in the adult adrenal gland.
57	17426090	Administration of rhIGF-I/rhIGFBP-3 resulted in a redistribution of the amount of IGF-I and IGF-II that bound to IGFBP-3.
58	19846739	In addition, insulin increased IGFBP-2 and GH and decreased IGFBP-1 and -4 but did not alter total IGF-I, IGF-II, or IGFBP-3 levels.
59	20929508	Hyperglycemia increases insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), especially IGF2, which acts via the IGF1 receptor present on renal cells.
60	20929508	The results suggest the following molecular etiopathophysiology of DN: (i) hyperglycemia upregulates IGF2, which initiates PTEN, a regulator of IGF2 signaling; (ii) loss of this IGF2-PTEN feedback loop causes changes that are characteristic of DN; and (iii) lowered expression of the repair modulator SPARC results in the development and/or progression of DN.
61	20966046	In vivo depletion of SRA or p68 reduced CTCF-mediated insulator activity at the IGF2/H19 ICR, increased levels of IGF2 expression, and increased interactions between the endodermal enhancer and IGF2 promoter. p68/SRA also interacts with members of the cohesin complex.
62	21047779	Here, we demonstrate that deletion of both Gsk-3? and Gsk-3? in mouse embryonic stem cells results in reduced expression of the de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a2, causing misexpression of the imprinted genes Igf2, H19, and Igf2r and hypomethylation of their corresponding imprinted control regions.
63	20663687	In fact, increased insulin, IGF-I and IGF-II levels are associated with tumor growth in vitro, in animal models, and in epidemiological studies in humans.
64	20663687	In this paper, we discuss the roles of insulin, IGF-I and IGF-II, their interaction with the insulin receptor (IR) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), and their signaling pathways and regulation as these pertain to tumor growth.
65	19029226	Despite the increase in circulating leptin levels, there was no change in IGF1, IGF2, free IGF1, or IGF-binding proteins during the 2-month treatment period.
66	21486933	Decreased IGF-I is associated with reduced activating phosphorylation of the type 1 IGF receptor (pIGF-IR) in the kidney, whereas reduced IGF-II is associated with decreased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (pIR) in the lung.
67	21576258	We describe the ability of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to regulate the cap-independent translation of IGF2 mRNA through phosphorylation of IMP2, an oncofetal RNA-binding protein.
68	21576258	Double phosphorylation promotes IMP2 binding to the IGF2 leader 3 mRNA 5' untranslated region, and the translational initiation of this mRNA through eIF-4E- and 5' cap-independent internal ribosomal entry.
69	10839546	Although these neighbouring genes share an enhancer, H19 is expressed only from the maternal allele, and Igf2 only from the paternally inherited allele.
70	20007505	The imprinted expression of the IGF2 and H19 genes is controlled by the imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) located at chromosome 11p15.5.