Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: IL2

Gene name: interleukin 2

HGNC ID: 6001

Synonyms: IL-2, TCGF

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ADAM11	1 hits
2	ADIPOQ	1 hits
3	CD274	1 hits
4	CD4	1 hits
5	CD40LG	1 hits
6	CD83	1 hits
7	CD86	1 hits
8	CD8A	1 hits
9	CTLA4	1 hits
10	DGCR2	1 hits
11	EPO	1 hits
12	FASLG	1 hits
13	FLT3	1 hits
14	FOS	1 hits
15	FOXP3	1 hits
16	GAD1	1 hits
17	HLA-A	1 hits
18	HLA-DQB1	1 hits
19	ICAM1	1 hits
20	ICOS	1 hits
21	IDDM2	1 hits
22	IFNG	1 hits
23	IGF1	1 hits
24	IL10	1 hits
25	IL15	1 hits
26	IL17C	1 hits
27	IL18	1 hits
28	IL1A	1 hits
29	IL1B	1 hits
30	IL29	1 hits
31	IL2RA	1 hits
32	IL2RB	1 hits
33	IL4	1 hits
34	IL5	1 hits
35	IL6	1 hits
36	IL7	1 hits
37	INS	1 hits
38	LBR	1 hits
39	MS	1 hits
40	NFKB1	1 hits
41	OAF	1 hits
42	OAS2	1 hits
43	PDCD1LG2	1 hits
44	PEA15	1 hits
45	POU2F1	1 hits
46	PRKAR2A	1 hits
47	SCD5	1 hits
48	SLEV1	1 hits
49	TGFB1	1 hits
50	TNF	1 hits
51	TPT1	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	21875375	Previous studies suggested the association of interleukin-2 (IL2) gene polymorphisms and its alpha- and beta-chain receptor (IL2RA and IL2RB) variants with different autoimmune diseases such as T1D, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
2	6607315	This abnormality was not due solely to abnormal T cell numbers since: (a) addition of BB spleen cells of BB splenic macrophages to normal major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched Wistar Furth (WF) spleen cells resulted in severe suppression of concanavalin A (Con A)-, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-, and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-mediated proliferation, and IL-2 production; (b) macrophage depletion from BB spleen cells, but not B cell or T cell depletion, removed completely the suppressive effects of BB cells on WF cells; (c) macrophage depletion greatly enhanced the response of BB lymphocytes to T-dependent mitogens.
3	6607315	While IL-2 secretion was severely depressed in BB rats unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated IL-1 secretion by splenic macrophages was normal.
4	6378703	Such T-lymphocytes responded by proliferation and IL-2 secretion in the combined presence of islet cell antigens and major histocompatibility (MHC)-matched antigen-presenting cells.
5	2887834	Combined immunoperoxidase staining and autoradiography of organ sections revealed that labelled IL2 bound specifically in vivo to IL2-receptor-positive cells in the spleen of both normal and BB/W rats and to activated lymphocytes infiltrating the pancreas of BB/W rats.
6	3134297	IL-1 alpha slightly increased vascular permeability, whereas recombinant IL-2 and recombinant tumour necrosis factor alpha had no significant effects.
7	3136960	These results confirm the presence in IDDM patients of an imbalanced cellular immune response and demonstrate that the IL-2 deficiency is already present at the diagnosis and is not correlated with insulin administration.
8	3138125	Interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity was measured by the thymocyte co-stimulator assay, and interleukin 2 (IL 2) using IL 2 dependent cell lines.
9	2493178	A newly constructed chimeric IL-2 diphtheria toxin fusion protein specifically binds to and poisons activated T cells bearing the high-affinity IL-2R.
10	2644144	The interleukin 2 (IL-2)-receptor expression was significantly increased in IDDM patients compared with control subjects, although the single values were low: patients, 2.02 +/- 0.41%; controls, 0.88 +/- 0.25% (means +/- SE).
11	2644144	Circulating levels of soluble IL-2 receptor were also significantly increased in IDDM patients compared with controls: patients, 372.3 +/- 25.4 U/ml; controls, 235.5 +/- 29.3 U/ml (means +/- SE).
12	2533502	IL-2 treatment increased transcription of interleukin-1 (IL-1) mRNA in peritoneal macrophages and increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated IL-1 secretion in comparison to controls.
13	2560916	Addition of a monoclonal rat anti-mouse IL-2 to virus-infected cultures did not significantly affect the early (less than 16 hours PI) production of IFN gamma by spleen cells of females.
14	1914257	We have previously reported that T cells from the majority of patients with IDDM produced decreased levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) following activation with phytohemagglutinin.
15	1934594	In the present study we have measured IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (using both immunoassays and bioassays) in sera from 50 patients affected by IDDM at the time of clinical diagnosis and 51 age and sex matched controls.
16	1747949	Treatment twice a week from 4 weeks of age with OK-432-injected mouse serum, which contained endogenous TNF (75U), but not IL-1, IL-2 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) activity, reduced the intensity of insulitis and significantly inhibited the cumulative incidence of diabetes by 28 weeks of age in NOD mice, as compared with the incidence in non-treated mice (P less than 0.01) and in mice treated with control serum (P less than 0.02).
17	1727731	GAD-specific T lymphocytes were obtained by culture with interleukin 2 and repeated stimulation with GAD in the presence of BB rat thymic antigen-presenting cells.
18	1374102	H-8, an inhibitor of protein kinase A, reversed the inhibitory effect of cAMP on nuclear transcription of the IL-2 gene, suggesting that this is mediated through activation of protein kinase A.
19	1466799	Interleukin-2 has also been identified by transgenic technology as a cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus through the activation and stimulation of growth of autoreactive T cells.
20	8095271	To confirm this hypothesis we investigated the T-cell activation trend, evaluating the surface expression of IL-2 receptor (CD25), transferrin (CD71), HLA class II (DR), and CD69 phenotypes after in vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA; 1 and 10 micrograms/ml) and concanavalin A (12.5 micrograms/ml) in six newly diagnosed Type I diabetics and six islet cell- and insulin autoantibody-positive first-degree relatives.
21	8468460	However, TGF-beta 1 inhibited the IL-2-dependent proliferation of Con A lymphoblasts by -50%.
22	8468460	TGF-beta 1 also inhibited the IL-2-dependent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product, which plays an important role in cell cycle progression.
23	8473495	Both Dex and CsA inhibited the binding of transcription factors AP-1 and NF-AT, but not of NF-kB and OCT-1/OAF, to their corresponding sites on the IL-2 gene promoter.
24	8473495	These results suggest that in human T lymphocytes both Dex and CsA inhibited IL-2 gene transcription through interference with transcription factors AP-1 and NF-AT.
25	8476255	The results of open, uncontrolled studies provide preliminary evidence that a chimeric IL-2 toxin is well tolerated at doses that may induce improvement in patients with IL-2R+ leukemia/lymphoma, as well as in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis or new-onset diabetes mellitus.
26	8315397	Exogenous recombinant (r)IL-2 only partially reverses NOD thymocyte proliferative unresponsiveness to anti-CD3, and this is mediated by the inability of IL-2 to stimulate a complete IL-4 secretion response.
27	8315397	In contrast, exogenous IL-4 reverses the unresponsiveness of both NOD thymic and peripheral T cells completely, and this is associated with the complete restoration of an IL-2 secretion response.
28	8102088	Both the Th2 and Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) cytokines were produced in vitro by CD4+ lymphocytes from noninfected diabetic mice that, in addition, showed a noticeable footpad reaction to Candida antigens.
29	8105989	Results indicate that 1) cytokine mRNA profiles exhibited by islet-infiltrating cells of female and male NOD mice were quite similar with the exception of IL-6 expression and the marked differences in the levels of IL-2 receptor and IL-1 alpha mRNA, 2) CD4+ T lymphocytes expressed IL-4, presumably IL-5, and occasionally IL-10 mRNA but no detectable IL-2 mRNA, 3) CD8+ T lymphocytes exhibited TNF-beta, perforin and high levels of IFN-gamma, and 4) IL-7 was expressed in the islet at very high levels.
30	8043899	The effects of indomethacin on PHA-induced TCGF activity and the effects of adherent cells (macrophages) from group A and group C on TCGF production of normal group-matched non-adherent cells (lymphocytes) were also studied.
31	8043899	Interestingly, a significant inverse correlation was found between TCGF activity and the required dose of insulin only in group A (r = -0.66; P < 0.05).
32	8056185	Since IL-4 did not suppress IL-2 production, it would seem that the IL-2 producing subset in CD4+HLA-DR+ T cells is decreased in IDDM.
33	8056185	These results suggest that in recent onset IDDM, IL-2 receptor-positive circulating T cells require an IL-2 supply.
34	7925581	The accelerating effect of IL-2 was present; but decreased, in NOD mice that lacked CD8+ T cells as well as in NOD SCID mice.
35	7925581	The implications are that in the NOD genetic background, the production of cytokines, such as IL-2, by islet-specific CD4+ T cells can lead to beta cell damage and diabetes and that CD8+ T cells may have a role in accelerating diabetes onset.
36	7865456	To examine the role of IL-2 in the regulation of peripheral tolerance we produced transgenic mice in which the expression of murine IL-2 was directed by the rat insulin II promoter.
37	7822811	Whereas BSA triggers T cell proliferation, recombinant p69 and a synthetic Tep69 peptide induce early stages of T cell activation (IL-2R transcription) but insufficient IL-2 production and thus anergy.
38	7647584	Sera were assessed for soluble markers of T-cell activation (sCD4, sCD8, sIL-2R); the cytokines (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-2, IL-6), and T-cell subsets were also determined.
39	7652767	These results suggest that T helper (Th)1 cells and their cytokine products (IL-2, IFN gamma, and TNF alpha) may promote islet beta cell destructive insulitis and autoimmune diabetes recurrence in syngeneic islet-transplanted NOD mice, and that administration of IL-4 plus IL-10 may inhibit diabetes recurrence by suppressing Th1 cytokine production in the islet grafts.
40	9421371	IFN-gamma treatment also markedly reduced the frequency of phenotypically activated SLC-expressing class II antigens and interleukin-2 receptor.
41	10990075	Cyclophosphamide treatment decreased IL-12, IL-1beta, IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha gene expressions in mononuclear spleen cells but IL-4 gene expression increased.
42	11170619	TPS treatment was beneficial not only for the subsequent production of interleukin (IL) 2 in spleen cells of adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats but also because it prohibited the body from producing too much IL-1 in AA rats.
43	12393479	HDAC-i thus inhibited interleukin 2 (IL-2)-induced CD154 expression on effector T cells and constitutively expressed CD154 on various tumor cells, events that were not affected by cyclosporine.
44	14525620	The 29 known interleukins were clustered into three groups: noxious (the "bad", 8 members), comprising IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-17 and IL-18; protective (the "good", 5 members), comprising IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12 and IL-13; and "aloof", comprising IL-5, IL-9, IL-14, IL-16 and IL-19 through IL-29 (15 members).
45	15251379	In a densitometric study of RT-PCR products, the Th2 cytokine (IL-10) was significantly up-regulated in BD (2.91 +/- 0.26 vs 1.76 +/- 0.40), but a Th1 cytokine (IL-2) showed minimal change.
46	15753206	IL-2 neutralization inhibits physiological proliferation of peripheral CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells that are presumably responding to normal self-antigens, whereas it is unable to inhibit their lymphopenia-induced homeostatic expansion in a T cell-deficient environment.
47	15753206	The principal physiological source of IL-2 for the maintenance of T reg cells appears to be other T cells, especially CD25(low) CD4(+) activated T cells, which include self-reactive T cells.
48	15979891	In 62 GDM patients and 74 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), and their babies, we assessed total lymphocytes, T lymphocyte subsets CD3 and CD8 expressing T cell receptor (TCR) alpha/beta or gamma/delta, CD16 and CD19, pancreatic autoantibodies and cytokines (IL-5, IL-2, soluble receptor IL-2).
49	16098919	IL-15 is a 14-15 kD cytokine produced by monocytes/macrophages and shares some biological actions with IL-2.
50	16280652	While this process takes place, beta cell antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are activated by IL-2 produced by the activated TH1 CD4+ T cells, differentiate into cytotoxic T cells and are recruited into the pancreatic islets.
51	16606670	PD-L1 and PD-L2 have overlapping functions in inhibiting interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma production during T cell activation.
52	16626552	Compared with NG and HM treated MDCs, the expression of maturation markers such as CD1a, HLA-DR, CD83, CD86 were significantly upregulated, allogeneic T cells proliferation as well as the cytokines secretions (IL-2, IL-12, IL-10 and IFN-gamma) significantly increased in HG treated MDCs.
53	17073617	During the early stage of HIV-1 infection there is a decreased production of gamma interferon (IFN), IL-12 and IL-2 as well as not activation of IL-18 production and this leads to inhibition of Th1 immune response, whereas in the advanced stage of the disease, strong activation of IL-18 production along with persistent decreased production of gamma IFN, IL-12 and IL-2 may promote a Th2 immune response, which leads to persistent viral replication.
54	17161871	Results showed that CB-SC could significantly inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and reduce tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5 in both PHA- and IL-2-stimulated lymphocytes, along with the regulation on the phenotypes of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
55	17647141	We determined the prevalence of Tregs by Foxp3 expression of CD4 (+) cells; prevalence of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs); prevalence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin(IL)-12 producing monocytes; and prevalence of IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma producing CD4 (+) cells.
56	18200031	These are the first SNPs identified within the extended murine IL2 promoter that control differential IL-2 transcription in CD4(+) T cells, and, as such, they are not only candidates for Aod2, but are also candidates for a shared autoimmune disease-susceptibility locus underlying Idd3 and Eae3.
57	18432585	However, IGF-I correlated directly with IL-2 and IL-10.
58	19144262	The TCTP transgene prevents Tregs from undergoing apoptosis induced by interleukin-2 withdrawal-, dexamethasone-, cyclophosphamide-, and anti-Fas treatment in vitro.
59	19209463	In mice, Il2 polymorphisms control a negative feedback mechanism initiated by activated, IL2-producing autoreactive T cells in the pancreatic lymph nodes that increases the regulatory activity of CD4+CD25+ T cells.
60	19788505	Daclizumab, widely used in immunosuppression, is a humanized anti-CD25 antibody that disrupts IL-2 signaling by binding to CD25 and preventing the assembly of the high-affinity IL-2R.
61	19788505	Here we show that Daclizumab, while blocking the T-cell response to IL-2, increases CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell proliferative response to the homeostatic cytokine IL-7.
62	19875613	The effects of IL-2 on FOXP3 induction were assessed 48 h after activation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cells with anti-CD3 antibody.
63	19875613	Maintenance of FOXP3 expression in CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs of type 1 diabetic subjects was diminished in the presence of IL-2, but not IL-7.
64	20483724	The induction of Foxp3 and IL-10 expression appeared to be a consequence of increased TGF-beta1 production by T cells activated using anti-CTLA-4-Ab DCs, and this effect could be enhanced by the addition of exogenous IL-2 or TGF-beta1.
65	20679400	Low-dose IL-2 increases the number of T reg cells in the pancreas and induces expression of T reg cell-associated proteins including Foxp3, CD25, CTLA-4, ICOS (inducible T cell costimulator), and GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor) in these cells.
66	20941602	We present a detailed protocol demonstrating that polyclonal activation of conventional CD4(+) T cells in the presence of IL-2, TGF?, and all trans retinoic acid induces >90% conversion of these T cells to Foxp3-expressing iTregs as well as promotes a three- to fourfold increase in proliferation following a 4-day incubation period in vitro.
67	19116909	IL2RA/CD25, the gene for interleukin-2 receptor alpha, is emerging as a general susceptibility gene for autoimmune diseases because of its role in the development and function of regulatory T cells and the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within this gene with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS).
68	18984741	These data suggest that Idd loci can facilitate induction of transplantation tolerance by costimulation blockade and that IL-2/Idd3 is a critical component in this process.
69	16567828	This study aimed to investigate whether the susceptibility to CD in diabetic children is modified by positivity for HLA-DQB102-DQA105 and DQB10302-DQA103 and by alleles of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the genes encoding CTLA4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10.
70	21262836	In this study, we show that IL-2 inhibits the development of both pDCs and cDCs from bone marrow cells under flt3L stimulation, by acting on lineage(-) flt3(+) precursors.
71	21295287	GD led to macrosomic pups with several postpartum complications, such as a significant increase in plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1?, IL-6, and TNF-? (but not of IL-10); a marked decrease in the plasma level of IL-2; a marked reduction in the proliferative capacity of superantigen (SEB)-stimulated T-lymphocytes; and an obvious reduction in the number of circulating and thymus homing T cells.
72	21448265	Upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation, most of these adipocyte-associated cytokines/chemokines and immune cell modulating receptors were up-regulated and a few down-regulated such as (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-? and TNF-? highly up-regulated and IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, IL-13 and VEGF down-regulated.
73	20973890	Genes encoding inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-2 and interleukin-11, which were upregulated in the diabetic retinas, were restored after erythropoietin treatment.
74	21593413	Whereas IL-2 promotes development of regulatory T cells and confers protection from autoimmune disease, IL-21 promotes differentiation of Th17 cells and is implicated in several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus.
75	21321581	Activation of splenic T lymphocytes derived from protected mice in vitro with pharmacological agents that bypass the antigen receptor or immobilized anti-CD3 antibody resulted in enhanced expression of Ifng mRNA and protein without altering the expression of Il4, Il17, Il18, Inos and Tnfa genes nor the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and TNF-? proteins.
76	7798703	IL-2 production in GII was significantly correlated to the number of CD4 positive lymphocytes, but this was not true in GI.
77	21738739	Proliferation rates and sensitivity to Fas cross-linking are dissociated in Treg cells: fast cycling induced by IL-2 and CD3/CD28 stimulation improve Treg resistance to Fas-ligand (FasL) in both strains.
78	21738739	The effector and suppressor CD4(+) subsets display balanced sensitivity to negative regulation under baseline conditions, IL-2 and CD3/CD28 stimulation, indicating that stimulation does not perturb immune homeostasis in NOD mice.
79	20354143	However, PEA-15 deficient T cells had increased CD3/CD28-induced nuclear translocation of ERK and increased activation of IL-2 transcription and secretion in comparison to control wild-type littermates.
80	20354143	In contrast, overexpression of PEA-15 in Jurkat T cells blocked nuclear translocation of ERK and IL-2 transcription.