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Gene Information
Gene symbol: LEP
Gene name: leptin
HGNC ID: 6553
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 21986512 | Human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin increase maternal food intake by induction of central leptin resistance and promote maternal beta-cell expansion and insulin production to defend against the development of gestational diabetes mellitus. |
| 2 | 21712531 | DBD-ARKO males showed reduced voluntary activity, decreased food intake, increased serum leptin and adiponectin levels, an altered lipid metabolism gene profile, and increased phosphorylated CREB levels compared with WT males. |
| 3 | 21711374 | The associations may be mediated by adipokines because leptin and adiponectin were, respectively, inversely and positively associated with SHBG levels. |
| 4 | 21711374 | The association with fat mass could be mediated by the effects of adiponectin and/or leptin on SHBG synthesis. |
| 5 | 21916833 | Leptin secretion from white adipocytes curbs appetite to limit dietary nutrient intake and adipocyte TAG storage and, potentially, GSIS, thereby curtailing insulin-dependent TAG storage. |
| 6 | 8666142 | Finally, the induced suppression of food intake and leptin levels occurred despite unchanged or increased hypothalamic expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and MCH. |
| 7 | 8666154 | However, plasma insulin itself does not acutely regulate leptin production. |
| 8 | 8784108 | Serum leptin correlated positively with serum insulin (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and with plasma glucose (r = 0.61, p < 0.001). |
| 9 | 8922360 | These results suggest that a signaling pathway that results in the activation of protein kinase A regulates leptin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. |
| 10 | 9389736 | In all cases, mouse leptin inhibited insulin secretion at concentrations within the plasma range reported in humans. |
| 11 | 9391128 | In this study, we demonstrate that a single intramuscular injection of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector encoding mouse leptin (rAAV-leptin) in ob/ob mice leads to prevention of obesity and diabetes. |
| 12 | 9392477 | Furthermore, TNF-alpha has distinct effects on adipose tissue including induction of insulin resistance, induction of leptin production, stimulation of lipolysis, suppression of lipogenesis, induction of adipocyte dedifferentiation, and impairment of preadipocyte differentiation in vitro. |
| 13 | 9392491 | A single leptin injection had no effect on glucose tolerance in GLP-IR -/- mice, but decreased hepatic PEPCK mRNA in both wild-type and GLP-IR -/- mice. |
| 14 | 9392492 | These data suggest that adiposity increases with age and cannot be attributed to increased food intake, impaired leptin gene expression, or decreased UCP1 mRNA level in IBAT. |
| 15 | 9392493 | It has also been demonstrated that increased leptin production leads to satiety, possibly by decreasing the levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the central nervous system (CNS). |
| 16 | 9392508 | To test the hypothesis that these POMC neurons are regulated by leptin, we used in situ hybridization to determine whether reduced leptin signaling (as occurs in fasting), genetic leptin deficiency (in obese ob/ob mice), or genetic leptin resistance (in obese db/db mice) lower expression of POMC mRNA. |
| 17 | 9392508 | Five daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant murine leptin (150 microg) raised levels of POMC mRNA in the rostral arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice (n = 8) by 73% over saline-treated ob/ob control values (n = 8; P < 0.01), but was without effect in db/db mice (n = 6). |
| 18 | 9392508 | In normal rats, two injections of a low dose of leptin (3.5 microg) into the third cerebral ventricle (n = 15) during a 40-h period of fasting also increased POMC mRNA levels in the rostral arcuate nucleus to values 39% greater than those in vehicle-treated controls (n = 14; P = 0.02). |
| 19 | 9392508 | The finding that leptin reverses this effect in ob/ob, but not db/db, mice suggests that leptin stimulates arcuate nucleus POMC gene expression via a pathway involving leptin receptors. |
| 20 | 9398728 | In cultured adipocytes, leptin is increased by insulin and decreased by cAMP. |
| 21 | 9398728 | In animal models, insulin and agents that increase intracellular cAMP have been shown to similarly affect plasma leptin in vivo. |
| 22 | 9398728 | Therefore both isoproterenol and somatostatin reduce plasma leptin in humans. |
| 23 | 9399957 | During physiologic hyperinsulinemia (insulin clamp), leptin markedly enhanced insulin action on both inhibition of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake. |
| 24 | 9421367 | Leptin exposure (300 ng/ml) for 2 h did not alter the basal, submaximal, or maximal response of glucose transport to insulin in skeletal muscle (1.50 +/- 0.14, 4.76 +/- 0.58, and 9.04 +/- 1.09 micromol x ml-1 x h-1 for 0, 0.6, and 12.0 nmol/l insulin, respectively). |
| 25 | 9421367 | Similar to our findings in the epitrochlearis muscle, leptin had no direct effect on basal or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in soleus muscle from ob/ob or lean mice or adipocytes from normal mice. |
| 26 | 9519716 | In this study, we report that leptin inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion at lower concentrations ranging from 25 to 50 ng/ml using a static incubation method. |
| 27 | 9519716 | Leptin did not affect insulin secretion stimulated by glibenclamide (1 and 5 micromol/l) or forskolin (1 micromol/l). |
| 28 | 9519716 | Leptin (50 ng/ml) significantly inhibited insulin secretion induced by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) in the presence of Ca2+ but not in the absence of Ca2+. |
| 29 | 9519716 | Because TPA is known to activate protein kinase C (PKC), these present results suggest that leptin, at a physiological concentration, suppresses the second phase of insulin secretion by reducing activity of the Ca2+-dependent PKC isoform. |
| 30 | 9519718 | In contrast, tenfold higher dosages of leptin had no effect on body weight, food intake, or circulating insulin or glucose concentrations of UCP-DTA mice. |
| 31 | 9519720 | The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that plasma leptin concentrations contributed to the pathophysiology of NIDDM by decreasing both insulin-mediated glucose disposal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. |
| 32 | 9519720 | When this was done, the significant relationship between leptin and SSPG disappeared, whereas both BMI (P < 0.03) and insulin response (P < 0.001) were correlated with SSPG. |
| 33 | 9519731 | These results suggest that impairment in production, processing, or responsiveness to alpha-MSH may be a common feature of obesity and that hypothalamic POMC neurons, stimulated by leptin, may constitute a link between leptin and the melanocortin system. |
| 34 | 9624635 | Fasting leptin concentration correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.75, P < 0.001) and fasting insulin (r = 0.71, P < 0.01) in healthy men as well as with insulin level (r = 0.54, p < 0.05) in type 1 diabetic patients. |
| 35 | 9625360 | The data provide evidence that insulin may be of importance as a regulator of serum leptin levels in vivo not only in rodents but also in humans. |
| 36 | 10604185 | The production of leptin and tumour necrosis factor alpha by adipocytes provides a novel means of feedback control of triacylglycerol production, leptin by decreasing appetite and tumour necrosis factor alpha by inducing insulin resistance. |
| 37 | 10606438 | An accumulation of evidence implicates leptin, insulin, glucocorticoids, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) interactions as being integral to metabolic control associated with neuroendocrine-endocrine functioning. |
| 38 | 10619393 | It is suggested that, through modulation of maternal insulin secretion and hepatic metabolism, leptin integrates maternal nutrient storage to the nutrient requirements of the fetus. |
| 39 | 10657511 | Neuropeptide Y (NPY), melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), orexins A and B, galanin, and agouti -related peptide (AgRP) all act to stimulate feeding while alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), cholecystokinin (CCK), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), neurotensin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP 1), and bombesin have anorectic actions.(1) Leptin, expressed in the periphery in white adipose tissue, acts in the CNS to modulate the expression of several of these hypothalamic peptides.(1) This creates a functional link between the adipose tissue and the brain that translates the information on body fat provided by leptin to input into energy balance regulating processes. |
| 40 | 10964262 | The specificity for leptin binding was confirmed by incubation with 1 microg of unlabeled rat leptin that effectively competed with radiolabeled leptin whereas human growth hormone and interleukin-6 were ineffective in competing with radiolabeled leptin binding. |
| 41 | 10969838 | CLA supplementation decreased blood leptin levels, but continuous leptin infusion reversed hyperinsulinemia, indicating that leptin depletion contributes to the development of insulin resistance. |
| 42 | 10969840 | GLP-1 stimulates insulin biosynthesis, secretion, and islet growth, whereas leptin inhibits glucose-dependent insulin secretion and insulin gene transcription. |
| 43 | 10969840 | Furthermore, leptin produced a similar inhibition of food intake in GLP-1R(-/-), ob/ob:GLP-1R(+/+), and ob/ob:GLP1R4(-/-) mice. |
| 44 | 10969840 | These findings illustrate that although leptin and GLP-1 actions overlap in the brain and endocrine pancreas, disruption of GLP-1 signaling does not modify the response to leptin or the phenotype of leptin deficiency in the ob/ob mouse, as assessed by long-term control of body weight or the adaptive beta-cell response to insulin resistance in vivo. |
| 45 | 10989952 | It generates insulin-like signals for glucose transport and glycogen synthesis via leptin receptors and the PI3-kinase and could, therefore, play a role as a mediator of obesity-related insulin resistance. |
| 46 | 10989952 | In a recent study, it was proposed that mutations in PPARgamma could play a role in individuals who are at increased risk for developing obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus by influencing leptin levels. |
| 47 | 11136544 | Plasma leptin is also markedly reduced in subjects with FPLD due to mutant LMNA. |
| 48 | 11149898 | In hyperleptinemic young rats, adipocyte expression of preadipocyte factor 1 increased dramatically and leptin mRNA virtually disappeared; there was increased expression of acyl CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1, and their transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, accounting for the reduction in body fat. |
| 49 | 11149898 | Expression of a candidate leptin resistance factor, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3), was compared in the hypothalamus and white adipocytes of young and old rats before and after induction of hyperleptinemia; hypothalamic SOCS-3 mRNA was approximately 3x higher in old rats before, whereas it was 3x higher in WAT after, hyperleptinemia. |
| 50 | 11150869 | To investigate the changes in leptin levels and the relationship between this substance and insulin and glucose in pregnant women with gestational-onset diabetes, we measured plasma leptin levels in the maternal peripheral vein of 17 healthy and 17 diabetic women at 29 and 33 weeks of gestation. |
| 51 | 11150869 | We conclude that leptin levels are elevated in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, and its metabolism depends on insulin levels and the severity of diabetes. |
| 52 | 11254515 | These results suggest that: (1) depression of the HCVR in IDDM is associated with hyperglycemia and glycosylation of the diaphragm; and (2) the hyperventilation of DKA is leptin dependent. |
| 53 | 11257313 | However, in the case of OLETF rats, leptin administration changed neither plasma insulin levels nor insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. |
| 54 | 11259773 | Leptin administration to fasted mice blunted the rise in MCH and NPY expression towards control levels. |
| 55 | 11260392 | In db/db mesangial cells, leptin increased 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DOG) uptake dose dependently and stimulated gene expression of TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaRII) and alpha1(I) collagen, but not TGF-beta1. |
| 56 | 11260392 | Both leptin-stimulated 2DOG uptake and type I collagen production were suppressed by a PI-3K inhibitor, LY294002. |
| 57 | 11260392 | Mesangial cells pretreated with leptin exhibited increased responsiveness to exogenous TGF-beta1, as evidenced by a greater production of type I collagen protein in leptin-pretreated cells exposed to low-dose TGF-beta1 (0.5 ng/mL). |
| 58 | 11260392 | The addition of both TGF-beta1 (2 ng/mL) and leptin (100 ng/mL) increased type I collagen production more than addition of either TGF-beta1 or leptin alone. |
| 59 | 11260392 | Leptin increases glucose uptake and type I collagen in db/db mesangial cells through a PI-3K-dependent pathway. |
| 60 | 11274900 | In male and female patients, leptin levels were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, insulin level, triglyceride (TG) level, total abdominal fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFS), and subcutaneous fat area (SFA). |
| 61 | 11284421 | The role of leptin in the appetite regulation in man is still not clear, other signalling molecules may have also an effect, e.g., ghrelin, which primarily stimulates STH secretion and brings about weight gain. |
| 62 | 11342529 | In this study, we investigated the effects of leptin on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). |
| 63 | 11342529 | Rotenone, thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), Mn(III)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) HVJ-liposomes, or manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) HVJ-liposomes completely prevented the effect of leptin, suggesting that ROS arise from mitochondrial electron transport. |
| 64 | 11342529 | Leptin increased fatty acid oxidation by stimulating the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and inhibiting that of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), pace-setting enzymes for fatty acid oxidation and synthesis, respectively. |
| 65 | 11342529 | Leptin-induced ROS generation, CPT-1 activation, ACC inhibition, and MCP-1 overproduction were found to be completely prevented by either genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, H-89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, or tetradecylglycidate, a CPT-1 inhibitor. |
| 66 | 11416024 | However, TNFalpha signaling in the brain and the potential interaction with leptin have not been investigated to date. |
| 67 | 11416024 | Here we studied the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) proteins in the hypothalamus of normal rats after iv injection of recombinant murine leptin or TNFalpha or coinjection of both cytokines. |
| 68 | 11416024 | Immunoblot analysis of hypothalamic lysates with a phospho-specific STAT3 antibody showed a 6- to 7-fold stimulation of STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in response to both leptin and TNFalpha. |
| 69 | 11416024 | No other STAT proteins (STAT1, STAT5) were activated by leptin, whereas TNFalpha injection resulted in a dose-dependent phosphorylation of hypothalamic STAT5. |
| 70 | 11416024 | In contrast to its action in the brain, leptin was unable to produce STAT3 phosphorylation in the liver, either alone or in combination with TNFalpha. |
| 71 | 11416024 | These data show that TNFalpha, independently of leptin, activates hypothalamic STAT signaling pathways and enhances leptin action at the level of STAT3. |
| 72 | 11445560 | Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride contents as well as mRNA levels of cholesterologenic and lipogenic enzymes suggest that leptin deficiency increased hepatic triglyceride production but did not change cholesterol production in ob/ob mice regardless of their LDLR genotype. |
| 73 | 11712415 | Moderate reduction of PPAR gamma activity by PPAR gamma/RXR inhibitors decreases TG content of WAT/muscle/liver due to increased leptin and increase in fatty-acid combustion and decrease in lipogenesis, thereby ameliorating HF diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. |
| 74 | 11795485 | The role of leptin in the control of obesity, insulin resistance and type II diabetes has been reported, however, the regulatory mechanism of leptin in animals affected by hormones is not clearly understood. |
| 75 | 11795485 | In this study, the effects of insulin, epinephrine, growth hormone or dexamethasone on the expression of leptin was examined in mouse primary adipocytes. |
| 76 | 11795485 | The leptin expression was also studied in the adipose tissue of the mouse treated with insulin or growth hormone (0.3 or 0.6 units/animal). |
| 77 | 11795485 | Insulin (100 nM) or dexamethasone (100 nM) stimulated leptin mRNA transcription while epinephrine (100 nM) alleviated its transcription in mouse primary adipocytes. |
| 78 | 11795485 | These results indicate that both insulin and dexamethasone stimulate leptin gene expression and secretion of its product, whereas, growth hormone has no effect on the expression of leptin gene in mouse adipocytes. |
| 79 | 11817710 | Serum insulin levels decreased with weight loss similar in magnitude to that noted for leptin; however, the insulin changes occurred more rapidly. |
| 80 | 11904148 | We investigated the effects of glucose and leptin on UCP-2 expression in isolated human islets. |
| 81 | 11904148 | Leptin effects on insulin release were also measured. |
| 82 | 11904148 | Leptin decreased UCP-2 expression by up to 75%, and maximally inhibited insulin release by 47%, at 22 mmol/l glucose. |
| 83 | 11916920 | Increased fat mass, abdominal adiposity, and insulin resistance are typical findings in aging mammals and are frequently associated with leptin resistance and increased plasma leptin levels. |
| 84 | 11919153 | Centrally administered leptin did not affect peripheral insulin levels. |
| 85 | 11919159 | We recently reported that thrombin inhibits cellular invasion induced by src, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and leptin in kidney and colonic epithelial cells via predominant activation of the pertussis toxin (PTx) -sensitive G-proteins Galphao/Galphai. |
| 86 | 11924926 | Most of these obesity disorders, with the exception of the MC4R mutations, exhibit recessive inheritance and a distinct phenotype with varying degrees of hypothalamic dysfunction, and they unravel the critical role of the central leptin and melanocortin pathways in human appetite control and energy homeostasis. |
| 87 | 11931352 | Lack of modulation by short-term fasting and some other ingestive peptides that may interact with GLP-1, including leptin, glucagon, insulin, neuropeptide Y, and melanin-concentrating hormone. 4. |
| 88 | 11934674 | Diabetic animals exhibited insulin resistance, whereas intracerebroventricular leptin significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity, as indicated by decreased SSPG. |
| 89 | 11970889 | In this issue of Developmental Cell, two groups identify protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a cause of leptin resistance through dephosphorylation of Jak2. |
| 90 | 11970899 | These results suggest that PTP1B negatively regulates leptin signaling, and provide one mechanism by which it may regulate obesity. |
| 91 | 11978630 | Intraperitoneal injections of leptin accelerated autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells and significantly increased interferon-gamma production in peripheral T-cells. |
| 92 | 11987032 | By multivariate analyses, child leptin for the total study group was significantly associated with child body mass index (BMI) (R(2) = 0.65; p < 0.0001), child fasting insulin (R(2) = 0.08; p = 0.03), and female gender (R(2) = 0.28; p = 0.001). |
| 93 | 11923308 | In doubly mutant Lep(ob/ob) x Srebp-1(-/-) mice, fatty livers were markedly attenuated, but obesity and insulin resistance remained persistent. |
| 94 | 12058043 | Leptin has also been shown to increase fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle through the activation of AMPK. |
| 95 | 12058043 | We also show that the effects of leptin in the heart are independent of changes in the AMPK-ACC-malonyl-CoA axis. |
| 96 | 12200416 | However, in the presence of high glucose both insulin and leptin caused a significant increase in the activity of acyl-CoA: cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT) combined with a significant reduction in the level of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). |
| 97 | 12583603 | Leptin production in the placenta is also increased in diabetic pregnancy with insulin treatment. |
| 98 | 12626032 | In conclusion, increased TNF-alpha and leptin levels may contribute to insulin resistance in GDM and in the third trimester of normal pregnancy and may negatively influence the anthropometric parameters of the newborns. |
| 99 | 12660870 | Thus, visceral cells transfer and release fatty acids more extensively, have increased glucocorticoid and reduced thiazolidinedione responses, produce more angiotensinogen, interleukin-6 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and secrete less leptin and adiponectin than SAT. |
| 100 | 12660878 | Circulating IL-6 and leptin levels showed a positive association with BMI (r = 0.24, p = 0.04 and r = 0.70, p < 0.0001), whereas adiponectin was not correlated to BMI. |
| 101 | 12660878 | Leptin was positively correlated with PAI-1 activity and antigen (r = 0.32, p = 0.006 and r = 0.37, p < 0.001, respectively) and negatively with t-PA activity (r = -0.27, p = 0.03). |
| 102 | 12423202 | We have recently shown that leptin strongly induces the expression and secretion of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) [Gabay, Dreyer, Pellegrinelli, Chicheportiche and Meier (2001) J. |
| 103 | 12423202 | Although leptin is capable of activating a NF-kappa B reporter element in transient transfection experiments, the protein complex binding to the NF-kappa B/PU.1 site of the IL-1Ra promoter is not composed of the p65/p50 subunits of NF-kappa B, as is evident in electrophoretic gel mobility-shift experiments. |
| 104 | 12423202 | In summary, we characterize the signalling pathway for leptin and OB-Rb involved in the induction of IL-1Ra, involving p42/44 MAPK, and a yet uncharacterized complex of transcription factor(s) binding to a NF-kappa B/PU.1 composite element of the IL-1Ra promoter. |
| 105 | 12663466 | Whether the neurons that respond to ghrelin could be regulated by orexin and leptin was also examined. |
| 106 | 12663466 | Orexin increased [Ca(2+)](i) and leptin attenuated ghrelin-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases in the majority (80%) of ghrelin-responsive NPY neurons. |
| 107 | 12663466 | The integration of stimulatory effects of ghrelin and orexin and inhibitory effect of leptin may play an important role in the regulation of the activity of NPY neurons and thereby feeding. |
| 108 | 12668159 | In summary, we have demonstrated that leptin selectively induces the expression and secretion of IP-10 in human monocytic cells, potentially contributing to the vascular complications associated with hyperleptinemic obesity in humans. |
| 109 | 12679437 | Across a spectrum of subjects with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose/mild diabetes, or BMI-matched nondiabetic controls, normalized leptin significantly correlated with glucose-induced insulin release, but not with insulin sensitivity. |
| 110 | 12689528 | Leptin levels were positively correlated with serum insulin and C-peptide levels. |
| 111 | 12690081 | TNFalpha and leptin adipose tissue expression were higher in the upper tertile of CRP. |
| 112 | 12690081 | These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that the synthesis of adipose tissue TNFalpha and leptin could induce the production of interleukin-6, CRP, and other acute-phase reactants, thus contributing to the maintenance of chronic low-grade inflammation state involved in the progression of obesity and its associated comorbidities. |
| 113 | 12816347 | PepT1-mediated transport is up-regulated by short-term exposure to receptor agonists such as EGF, insulin, leptin, and clonidine, and down-regulated by VIP. |
| 114 | 12829630 | Some of the actions of leptin depend on cholecystokinin (CCK). |
| 115 | 12829630 | However, it is unknown whether leptin modulates the release of CCK. |
| 116 | 12829630 | Here, we demonstrate in vitro that leptin induces the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-1/2 proteins and increases CCK release (EC(50) = 0.23 nmol/l) in CCK-secreting STC-1 cells. |
| 117 | 12829630 | In vivo in the rat, duodenal infusion of leptin increased plasma CCK at levels comparable to those induced by feeding. |
| 118 | 12829630 | Moreover, meal-induced increases in plasma CCK were markedly reduced in obese fa/fa rats, whereas the mobilization of the gastric leptin pool was similar in lean and obese Zucker rats. |
| 119 | 12829648 | The gastric peptide ghrelin augments and the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin reduces appetite and food intake. |
| 120 | 12829648 | In the central nervous system, insulin directly decreases hunger sensation but could also act indirectly by modulating ghrelin and leptin secretion. |
| 121 | 12829648 | Nondiabetic subjects were also studied during saline infusion, which did not affect ghrelin but decreased leptin by 19 +/- 6% (P < 0.03). |
| 122 | 12829648 | In control subjects, plasma ghrelin decreased at all clamp steps (-17 +/- 1, -27 +/- 6, and -33 +/- 4%, respectively; P < 0.006 vs. baseline), whereas leptin increased by 35 +/- 11% (P < 0.05). |
| 123 | 12829648 | In type 2 diabetic patients without insulin treatment, ghrelin decreased by 18 +/- 7% (P < 0.05) only after 4 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1) insulin infusion and leptin increased by 19 +/- 6% (P < 0.05). |
| 124 | 12920661 | This study set out to define relationships between changes in plasma leptin and changes in body weight, plasma insulin and blood glucose control during a 12-month crossover study of once-daily Ultratard or twice-daily Insulatard insulin. |
| 125 | 12921973 | Leptin induced phosphorylation of Janus kinase (JAK)2, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in ECs from ZL rats but not ZF rats. |
| 126 | 12941435 | In mice treated with streptozotocin, which depletes insulin, 5-HTP did not increase serum leptin levels. |
| 127 | 14510865 | Leptin may be a marker of risk of CHD, at least in men, and contribute to the CHD risk profile in subjects with insulin resistance. |
| 128 | 14510911 | Leptin correlated to kilogram fat mass in both women (r=0.55, P<0.001) and men (r=0.47, P=0.003), but in contrast, there were no significant correlations between GHBP and fat mass and GHBP and IGF-I, either in women or in men (all, r<0.24, P>0.2). |
| 129 | 14510911 | Insulin and leptin were significantly associated with GHBP, both in women (r=0.48, P<0.001 and r=0.43, P=0.001, respectively) and in men (r=0.40, P=0.01 and r=0.34, P=0.03, respectively). |
| 130 | 14510911 | In the older subjects investigated, as in younger subjects, GHBP was significantly correlated with leptin and insulin. |
| 131 | 14514596 | At baseline, leptin and TNF-alpha-R2 were not different among groups; meanwhile, MCP-1/CCL2 was increased in type 2 diabetes (P < 0.05). |
| 132 | 14521723 | Correlation analysis demonstrated that fasting resistin level was not correlated with sex, BMI, leptin, and blood pressure, but positively correlated with QUICKI (r = 0.30, P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with blood glucose (r = -0.21, P < 0.05). |
| 133 | 12848900 | Fasting and diabetes are characterized by elevated glucocorticoids and reduced insulin, leptin, elevated hypothalamic AGRP and NPY mRNA, and reduced hypothalamic POMC mRNA. |
| 134 | 12848900 | Conversely, corticosterone implants induced both AGRP and POMC mRNA (with a non-significant trend toward induction of NPY mRNA), accompanied by elevated insulin and leptin (with no change in food intake or body weight). |
| 135 | 14500570 | Recent studies suggest that the ability of leptin, adiponectin, 5'-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR), adrenergic agonists, and metformin to diminish adiposity may be mediated, at least in part, by AMPK activation in peripheral tissues. |
| 136 | 14504275 | Of the known circulating regulators of vascular calcification (OPN, osteoprotegerin, and leptin), PTH(1-34) regulated only serum OPN. |
| 137 | 14525912 | Leptin treatment corrected the fasting-induced growth deficiency, but further reduced the level of serum IGF-I. |
| 138 | 14525912 | These results indicate that leptin stimulates growth even in the presence of caloric restriction independently of peripheral IGF-I. |
| 139 | 14962997 | In the present study we investigated the effects of leptin administration on adipose resistin expression in insulin-resistant and obese ob/ob mice. |
| 140 | 14962997 | Leptin administration in ob/ob mice resulted in improvement of insulin sensitivity concomitant with a decrease in resistin gene expression. |
| 141 | 14962997 | In addition, we demonstrated that the effect of leptin on resistin expression was centrally mediated. |
| 142 | 14962997 | In conclusion, our results demonstrate that leptin decreases resistin expression and suggest that resistin may influence glucose homeostasis. |
| 143 | 14871885 | Whether metformin or the satiety factor leptin, which also stimulates AMPK in muscle, regulates this enzyme in pancreatic islets is unknown. |
| 144 | 14871885 | Here, we explore whether 1) glucose, metformin, or leptin regulates AMPK activity in isolated islets from rodent and human and 2) whether changes in AMPK activity modulate insulin secretion from human islets. |
| 145 | 14871885 | Incubation with metformin (0.2-1 mM) activated AMPK in both human islets and MIN6 beta-cells in parallel with an inhibition of insulin secretion, whereas leptin (10-100 nM) was without effect in MIN6 cells. |
| 146 | 15024017 | In particular, PTP1B has been the focus of many academic and industrial laboratories because it was found to be an important negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling, and hence a potential therapeutic target in diabetes and obesity. |
| 147 | 15141093 | In vitro, chronic exposure of human islets to leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes, decreased beta cell production of IL-1Ra and induced IL-1beta release from the islet preparation, leading to impaired beta cell function, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis. |
| 148 | 15159168 | MCH neurons may be regulated by leptin, insulin and glucose. |
| 149 | 15161768 | We recently reported that a genomic region close to the leptin locus was linked to fasting insulin response to exercise training in nondiabetic white subjects. |
| 150 | 15161768 | We also found an interaction between the LEP A19G and LEPR K109R polymorphisms on the change in fasting insulin in whites (P = 0.010). |
| 151 | 15161768 | The association between the LEP A19G polymorphism and the change in insulin was evident only in the LEPR 109R carriers (P = 0.019). |
| 152 | 15059949 | We studied the effects of genetic background on the phenotype of ob/ob mice, a model of severe obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes caused by leptin deficiency. |
| 153 | 15149950 | When added in combination with IL-6 or leptin (10 microg/ml), the TNF-alpha-induced increase in DAG synthesis was inhibited. |
| 154 | 15256362 | Cultured hepatocytes expressed only Ob-Ra, and leptin stimulated OPN mRNA and protein expression in these cells. |
| 155 | 15447907 | We investigated the effects of IGF-I, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex steroids on body composition and fat distribution and the effects of these hormones and leptin on total body bone mineral content (TBMC) and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) at the femoral neck and lumbar spine (LS) in 255 healthy children (137 girls), aged 7-8 y. |
| 156 | 15448083 | When leptin signaling is reduced, as in the Zucker fatty rat, or when circulating ghrelin is increased during fasting, the effect of ghrelin becomes more dominant, indicating an influence of both hormones on ghrelin action. |
| 157 | 15448083 | A single leptin intracerebroventricular injection attenuated the fasting-induced increase in GHS-R but had no effect in fed rats 2 h after injection, whereas leptin infusion for 24 h or longer significantly decreased GHS-R expression in fed rats. |
| 158 | 15448083 | These results show that the level of GHS-R expression in the ARC is reduced by leptin and increased by ghrelin and that the effect of ghrelin may be GH dependent. |
| 159 | 15465737 | Furthermore, plasma leptin was positively correlated with plasma insulin level (r = 0.578, P < 0.01) and body weight (r = 0.541, P < 0.05), and was inversely correlated with the blood glucose level (r = -0.46, P < 0.05). |
| 160 | 15467830 | We conclude that, in beta cells and the hypothalamus, Irs2 is crucially involved in the regulation of beta cell mass and leptin sensitivity. |
| 161 | 15895517 | The present results thus indicate that CLA feeding promotes insulin resistance in obese/diabetic mice by at least inverse regulation of leptin and adiponectin, and TNFalpha, adipocytokines known to either ameliorate or deteriorate insulin sensitivity, respectively. |
| 162 | 16114542 | Rosiglitazone can reduce FPG level and serum leptin and improve the insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes. |
| 163 | 15598684 | IGFBP-1 is independently determined by ethnicity, insulin sensitivity, and leptin in glucose-tolerant men. |
| 164 | 15613407 | Increasing leptin levels from low physiologic to high physiologic in lean men and from higher physiologic to low pharmacologic in obese men over 3 d did not alter serum interferon-gamma, IL-10, TNF-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, or soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. |
| 165 | 15613407 | In obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the administration of r-metHuLeptin for 4 or 16 wk, resulting in high pharmacologic leptin levels, did not activate the TNF-alpha system or increase cytokines or inflammatory markers, including IL-10, IL-6, C-reactive protein, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. |
| 166 | 15613680 | Our results further suggest a protective effect of DHEA on adipose tissue by upregulating PPARalpha and downregulating leptin, thereby contributing to the reduced expression of 11beta-HSD1. |
| 167 | 15544426 | Activity of adiponectin is associated with leptin, resistin and with steroid and thyroid hormones, glucocorticoids, NO and others. |
| 168 | 15841180 | RIPCreIrs2KO and NesCreIrs2KO mice retained leptin sensitivity, which suggests that CNS Irs2 pathways are not required for leptin action. |
| 169 | 15945346 | MIRKO mouse adipose tissue increased secretion of adiponectin that increases the insulin sensitivity and do not alter the leptin production. |
| 170 | 15950750 | One function of insulin is to signal high extracellular glucose, while leptin may signal the abundance of extracellular lipid, both energy sources being readily utilized by muscle. |
| 171 | 15950750 | Pretreatment of BMC for 10 min leptin, followed by insulin time-course, caused IRS-1 recruitment to be unresponsive, but evoked a rapid, phasic response of PI 3-kinase recruitment to the IR and abrogated the response of GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane evoked by insulin alone. |
| 172 | 15950750 | Insulin alone down-regulated the leptin signaling pathway, JAK-2 association with ObR decreased at all time-points, and JAK-2 phosphorylation decreased similarly. |
| 173 | 15950750 | Leptin alone also appeared to down-regulate JAK-2 association with the ObR, but stimulated the down-regulated pathway to signal, JAK-2 tyrosine phosphorylation being increased at later time-points. |
| 174 | 15950750 | Pretreatment with leptin followed by insulin time-course showed marked up-regulation of the early leptin signaling pathway, JAK-2 association with the ObR being increased by insulin while JAK-2 tyrosine phosphorylation was also increased. |
| 175 | 15960859 | Administration of leptin during pregnancy and lactation to these protein-restricted dams produces offspring that have increased metabolic rate and do not become obese or insulin resistant when fed on a high-fat diet. |
| 176 | 15866871 | Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a key negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling and a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and other associated metabolic syndromes. |
| 177 | 15983199 | This ectopic fat, along with the deficiency in leptin signaling and perhaps other adipokines, likely contributes to insulin resistance, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis. |
| 178 | 15983226 | Incubation of HASMCs with leptin enhanced the proliferation and MMP-2 expression in these cells and increased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). |
| 179 | 15983226 | In HASMCs, leptin induced PKC, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and inhibition of these signaling pathways abrogated HASMC proliferation and MMP-2 expression induced by this hormone. |
| 180 | 15983226 | Metformin also inhibited the effect of leptin on HASMC proliferation and MMP-2 expression. |
| 181 | 16026757 | The transcription factor Stat3 is activated by multiple cytokines, including leptin and those signaling through the gp130 receptor. |
| 182 | 16080843 | To investigate the effect of TNFalpha and leptin in obesity and insulin resistance. 84 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 84 nondiabetic persons were included in this study. |
| 183 | 16080843 | The synergistic effect of TNFalpha and leptin may induce insulin secretion, which in turn leads to insulin resistance. |
| 184 | 16093575 | Troglitazone improved insulin sensitivity (mean increase in whole body glucose uptake 23.1 +/- 10.5% (p = 0.047)) and normalised plasma concentrations of hsCRP, tPA and TNF-alpha, whereas it did not significantly change IL-6, leptin and PAI-1. |
| 185 | 16306356 | Leptin inhibits insulin secretion and preproinsulin gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells, but signal transduction pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly characterized. |
| 186 | 16306356 | Leptin stimulation led to janus kinase (JAK)2-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and STAT5b in INS-1 beta-cells. |
| 187 | 16306356 | Leptin also induced mRNA expression of the JAK-STAT inhibitor suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 in INS-1 beta-cells and human pancreatic islets in vitro and in pancreatic islets of ob/ob mice in vivo. |
| 188 | 16306356 | Transcriptional activation of the rat SOCS3 promoter by leptin was observed with concomitant leptin-induced STAT3 and STAT5b DNA binding to specific promoter regions. |
| 189 | 16306356 | These results suggest that SOCS3 represents a transcriptional inhibitor of preproinsulin gene expression, which is induced by leptin through JAK-STAT3/5b signaling in pancreatic beta-cells. |
| 190 | 16306372 | Diet-induced whole-body insulin resistance was associated with increased circulating levels of resistin and leptin but unaltered adiponectin levels. |
| 191 | 16082415 | The effect of leptin on renal Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and urinary H(2)O(2) was augmented by a superoxide dismutase mimetic, tempol, and was abolished by catalase. |
| 192 | 16721034 | However, DEX reduced leptin-induced STAT3 phosphorylation in the cortex and hypothalamus, and it increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation only in the hypothalamus. |
| 193 | 16118252 | HIGT partially restored suppressed leptin levels in hyperglycemic rats and increased adiponectin concentrations to supranormal levels, consistent with indicators of insulin sensitivity. |
| 194 | 16204328 | Serum ghrelin levels had decreased (p 0.03) and leptin had increased (p 0.02), while adiponectin and insulin levels had not significantly changed at Week 4 (p 0.29 and p 0.25, respectively). |
| 195 | 16210367 | Because the central administration of leptin is capable of preventing the inhibitory effects of fasting on TRH mRNA in hypophysiotropic neurons primarily through effects on the arcuate nucleus, we determined whether the continuous administration of 30 mU/d insulin or 648 microg/d glucose into the cerebrospinal fluid by osmotic minipump might also have similar effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. |
| 196 | 16210367 | As anticipated, the intracerebroventricular infusion of leptin reduced fasting-induced elevations in NPY and AGRP mRNA and increased proopiomelanocortin and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript mRNA in the arcuate nucleus. |
| 197 | 16210367 | We conclude that insulin and glucose only partially replicate the central effects of leptin and may not be essential components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid regulatory system during fasting. |
| 198 | 16249288 | TNF-alpha and leptin both induced a time-dependent activation of PLA2G2 and PLA2G5 in placental cells. |
| 199 | 16373895 | Racial differences in insulin sensitivity remained significant (P < 0.01) after controlling for leptin and visceral adipose tissue but not (P > 0.05) after additional adjustment for adiponectin. |
| 200 | 16373904 | Insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, eNOS, and leptin at follow-up were significantly reduced in the pioglitazone group compared with the control group. |
| 201 | 16383005 | Thus, sustained repression of NPY signaling with increased leptin selectively in the hypothalamus can avert environmental obesity and the risks of metabolic diseases. |
| 202 | 16362815 | However, the physiology of PYY regulation by factors such as caloric restriction, or by other molecules important in energy homeostasis, e.g. leptin, remains to be fully elucidated. |
| 203 | 16362815 | However, recombinant human leptin administration at physiological doses to restore the fasting-induced decrease of leptin levels and at pharmacological doses over the short term had no effect on PYY levels. |
| 204 | 16423635 | Serum IL-6 concentration was negatively correlated to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.295, P = .004), but was not associated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.016, P = .871), body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.090, P = .375), systolic (r = 0.169, P = .116) and diastolic (r = -0.061, P = .570) blood pressures, leptin (r = 0.062, P = .544), and adiponectin (r = -0.020, P = .841) in these patients. |
| 205 | 16494846 | In leptin-/- obese mice Cbl expression in heart and adipose tissue was maintained, although insulin-mediated Cbl phosphorylation and subsequent TC10 activation were significantly reduced. |
| 206 | 16505217 | Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus are activated by leptin and mediate part of leptin's central actions to influence energy balance. |
| 207 | 16505217 | However, little is known about potential leptin signaling in POMC neurons located in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the only other known population of POMC neurons. |
| 208 | 16505217 | We show here that in contrast to POMC neurons in the ARC, leptin does not stimulate phosphorylation of signal-transducer and activator of transcription 3 in NTS POMC neurons of POMC-EGFP reporter mice. |
| 209 | 16505217 | In addition, leptin does not induce c-Fos expression in NTS POMC neurons unlike ARC POMC neurons. |
| 210 | 16505217 | POMC neurons in the hypothalamus may therefore mediate all of leptin's signaling via POMC-derived peptides in the central nervous system. |
| 211 | 16507892 | Systemic leptin administration to ob/ob mice reverted the diabetic phenotype and improved tissue regeneration as well as the impaired expression of InsR, insulin receptor substrate-1 and insulin receptor substrate-2, and downstream signaling (phosphorylation of GS kinase and GS) in late wounds and nonwounded skin of ob/ob mice. |
| 212 | 16555056 | By trend analyses, group L had reduced levels of PAI-1 (p=0.002), hs-CRP (p<0.0001) and TNF-alpha (p=0.006), while no significant changes were observed in the levels of leptin or adiponectin. |
| 213 | 16555056 | In the L+I group there was a reduction in PAI-1 levels (p=0.014) and an increase in levels of leptin (p<0.001). |
| 214 | 16122839 | We examined if old rats were resistant to the effects of leptin on glucose stimulated insulin secretion. |
| 215 | 16122839 | ICV infusion of leptin elicited a partial effect on glucose stimulated insulin secretion in the old (25.7+/-2.5 to 15.4+/-2.4 versus 24.4+/-2.4 to 19.0+/-2.0 in young versus old, respectively) suggesting that part of the leptin resistance was beyond the BBB. |
| 216 | 16038995 | Endogenous insulin was significantly associated with CHD in a model controlling for gender, age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, smoking and leptin (Odds ratio 1.45 per decile, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.90). |
| 217 | 16038995 | Leptin might have a beneficial effect on CHD in type 2 diabetes, probably by counteracting the effect of insulin-like molecules or insulin resistance. |
| 218 | 16814613 | Adiponectin levels increased from 3.7 to 10.3 mug/mL at week 48 (P < .01); the levels of the other cytokines were unchanged: TNF-alpha, 9.1 vs 8.8 pg/mL; IL-1a, 3.9 vs 3.4 pg/mL; IL-6, 19.4 vs 13.4 pg/mL; and leptin, 24.8 vs 29.6 ng/mL (P > .05 for all). |
| 219 | 16836753 | We investigated whether perilipin gene polymorphisms were associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their related variables (anthropometric variables, plasma leptin, lipids, glucose and insulin concentrations) in a cross-sectional random sample of 1120 French men and women aged 35 to 65 years old, including 227 obese (BMI >or= 30 kg/m2) and 275 type 2 diabetes subjects. |
| 220 | 16845389 | Furthermore, neuronal PTP1B regulates adipocyte leptin production and probably is essential for the development of leptin resistance. |
| 221 | 16850292 | Adjusting for factors purportedly related to leptin resistance unveils a protective association, independent of adiponectin and consistent with some of leptin's described protective effects against diabetes. |
| 222 | 16876574 | Leptin activates Janus-activating kinase2 (Jak2) and STAT 3, resulting in stimulation of anorexigenic peptides, e.g., alpha-MSH and CART, and inhibition of orexigenic peptides, e.g., NPY and AGRP. |
| 223 | 16624268 | Serum leptin levels did not correlate significantly with HbA1c, disease duration or daily insulin dose but, correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) and fat mass (FM) in patients as in controls. |
| 224 | 16790840 | In leptin-deficient obese mice (Lep(ob/ob)), increased SREBP-1 and MLX nuclear content correlated with the induction of Elovl-5, Elovl-6, and Delta(9)D expression and the massive accumulation of monounsaturated fatty acids (18:1,n-7 and 18:1,n-9) in neutral lipids. |
| 225 | 17003330 | Here, we demonstrate that when expressed on a hyperphagic ob/ob background, the P465L PPARgamma mutant grossly exacerbates the insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances associated with leptin deficiency, yet reduces whole-body adiposity and adipocyte size. |
| 226 | 16778068 | Insulin-deficient rats (streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg) were used to examine the effects of leptin on glucose homeostasis independent of changes in insulin. |
| 227 | 16343040 | Leptin and adiponectin, two adipocytokines, may work together in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin action. |
| 228 | 17052194 | GPR41 and GPR43 have been reported to stimulate leptin release and adipogenesis respectively via activation by short-chain fatty acids. |
| 229 | 17062893 | Leptin levels were decreased, while TNF-alpha and IL-6 were increased at diagnosis and normalized at 1 month. |
| 230 | 17065346 | In contrast, in C57BL/6J mice with diet-induced obesity but wild-type leptin alleles, resistin deficiency reduced hepatic glucose production and increased peripheral glucose uptake. |
| 231 | 16895955 | We measured serum concentrations and sc and epicardial adipose tissue mRNA expression of IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), TNF-alpha, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin and sc and epicardial adipose tissue mRNA expression of CD14, CD45, and CD68. |
| 232 | 16962683 | Thus, the efficacy of increased leptin afferent signaling in the hypothalamus to persistently restrain pancreatic insulin release and insulin resistance can be explored as an adjunct therapeutic modality to alleviate pathophysiological derrangements that confer type 2 diabetes. |
| 233 | 17088412 | Hyperinsulinemia (N = 10, +2365% above baseline) significantly increased the expression of adiponutrin (+770%, P = 0.002), p85alpha PI3K (+150%, P = 0.033), HKII (+147%, P = 0.007), and serum leptin (+11%, P = 0.031), while it decreased serum adiponectin (-15%, P = 0.001). |
| 234 | 17088412 | In the insulin-stimulated state, adiponutrin mRNA expression levels correlated with basal p85alpha PI3K (R = 0.76, P = 0.018) and HKII (R = 0.86, P = 0.003) expression levels, with percentage increase in insulin (R = 0.73, P = 0.040), and with insulin-stimulated state HKII (R = 0.82, P = 0.007), leptin (R = 0.84, P = 0.005), and adiponectin (R = 0.85, P = 0.004) mRNA levels. |
| 235 | 16764962 | From these results, it can be concluded that along with IL-6 and triglycerides, leptin is another important independent factor that is associated with CRP in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. |
| 236 | 17322479 | Further adjustment for insulin resistance made minor differences to the IL-6 diabetes relationship (adjusted RR 2.12 [1.18-3.81]), weakened the associations with adiponectin (0.59 [0.33-1.04]), and abolished the association between leptin and diabetes (1.12 [0.55-2.26]). |
| 237 | 17369521 | The lipogenic gene stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)1 appears to be a promising new target for obesity-related diabetes, as mice deficient in this enzyme are resistant to diet- and leptin deficiency-induced obesity. |
| 238 | 17372717 | Leptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, plays an important role in regulating neuroendocrine and immune function as well as insulin resistance and metabolism. |
| 239 | 17472010 | Endocrinal products of adipocytes (PPARgamma, A-FABP, E-FABP, leptin, adiponectin and others) modulate insulin tissue sensitivity enabling them to participate in the ethiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T). |
| 240 | 17479441 | Leptin-induced elevation of palmitoyl-CoA oxidation rate in liver was paralleled by increased CPT1 activity (52%; P<0.05) and ss-oxidation capacity (52%; P<0.05). |
| 241 | 17479441 | Taken together, we showed that leptin acutely increases palmitoyl-CoA oxidation rate in liver and in skeletal muscle, which was associated with tissue specific effect on the CPT1 activity as well as on the downstream enzymes of fatty acid oxidation pathways in rat mitochondria and peroxisomes. |
| 242 | 17484887 | ADRP ASO specifically decreased ADRP mRNA and protein levels in the livers of Lep(ob/ob) and DIO mice, without altering the levels of other lipid droplet proteins, that is, S3-12 and TIP47. |
| 243 | 17484887 | The reduction in hepatic steatosis by ADRP ASO was associated with improvement in glucose homeostasis in both Lep(ob/ob) and DIO mice. |
| 244 | 17208384 | Adipocyte-derived hormones, including adiponectin and leptin, regulate systemic insulin sensitivity in accordance to existing triglyceride reserves. |
| 245 | 17208384 | Leptin levels reflect existing fat mass and the adipokine negatively regulates insulin action in adipose tissue. |
| 246 | 17416903 | We have demonstrated that muscle expression of PGC-1alpha and -beta is reduced in both genetic (Lep(ob)/Lep(ob)) and acquired obesity (high fat diet). |
| 247 | 17505151 | Suppressor of cytokine-3 (SOCS-3) has been proposed as a possible mediator of insulin-induced leptin resistance. |
| 248 | 17505151 | In summary, hyperinsulinemia can induce leptin resistance in L6 myoblasts and this may be mediated via a SOCS-3-dependent mechanism. |
| 249 | 17325688 | Baseline leptin correlated positively with anthropometric measurements, fasting and postload insulin and homeostasis model assessment indices (all P<0.001), and inversely with subsequent weight increase. |
| 250 | 17389709 | In ob/ob mice, transplantation of adipose tissue from lean littermate controls to restore circulating leptin levels produced significant weight loss over 12 wk and also produced an increase in adipose tissue apoE expression. |
| 251 | 17440173 | Fatty acid inhibition of basal and insulin-stimulated leptin release is linked to CD36-facilitated fatty acid flux, which is important for fatty acid activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and likely contributes to the nutrient sensing function of adipocytes. |
| 252 | 17618808 | Gastrojejunal bypass in a nonobese diabetic model improves glycemic control with a significant decrease in leptin levels, without changes in enteroinsular axis (GLP-1, GIP, glucagons, and insulin levels). |
| 253 | 17318810 | The adipocyte derived peptide hormone leptin is known to regulate apoptosis and cell viability in several cells and tissues, as well as having several pancreatic islet beta-cell specific effects such as inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. |
| 254 | 17318810 | This study investigated the effects of leptin upon apoptosis induced by serum depletion and on expression of the apoptotic regulators B-cell leukaemia 2 gene product (BCL-2) and BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) in the glucose-responsive BRIN-BD11 beta-cell line. |
| 255 | 17318810 | At the protein level, leptin increased BCL-2 and decreased Bax, altering the BCL-2 : Bax ratio. |
| 256 | 17318810 | We conclude that leptin reduces apoptosis in beta-cells at physiological concentrations, possibly via its ability to up-regulate BCL-2 and Bax expression. |
| 257 | 17601987 | Co-culture of Cbl-b(-/-) macrophages with 3T3-L1 adipocytes induced leptin expression and dephosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1, leading to impaired glucose uptake in adipocytes. |
| 258 | 17640666 | In nondiabetic patients, there were significant increases compared with preoperative levels for adiponectin, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha; leptin was significantly decreased while CRP was unchanged. |
| 259 | 17704300 | Birth weight was unrelated to inflammatory indexes; however, leptin was correlated with CRP (control subjects r = 0.33, P = 0.02; OT1DM r = 0.41, P < 0.001) and with IL-6 (r = 0.23, P < 0.01) and ICAM-1 (r = 0.29, P < 0.001) in OT1DM. |
| 260 | 17982352 | KiSS1 neurons have recently been suggested to mediate leptin's effect on the reproductive system. |
| 261 | 17553627 | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates the secretion and actions of insulin, leptin, ghrelin, various neurotransmitters and peptides, and pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in energy homeostasis suggesting that it (BDNF) has a significant role in the pathobiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 262 | 17850913 | Oxidative stress status parameters [thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS), superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total sulphydryl groups] and the concentration of leptin were measured in 312 subjects (178 patients and in 134 control subjects). |
| 263 | 17940115 | At age 15 yr, leptin therapy was initiated, and after 1 yr, his insulin requirements fell to 1 U/kg.d, his glycemic control improved (HbA 1c 8.4%), and both his triglycerides and transaminases normalized. |
| 264 | 17940115 | At age 13 yr, leptin therapy was started, and after 1 yr, her glycemic control improved (HbA 1c 7.3%) and her insulin requirements decreased (17 U/kg.d). |
| 265 | 18155694 | In subjects with obesity, diabetes and coronary artery disease, circulating levels of leptin increased while that of adiponectin is decreased. |
| 266 | 18171429 | In order to understand leptin action we have explored the physiological function of LRb signalling pathways, defining important roles for signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in positive signalling and for LRbTyr(985)-mediated feedback inhibition in leptin signal attenuation. |
| 267 | 17215165 | Our findings suggest that plasma leptin concentration is independently associated with the development of insulin resistance in a non-selected prepubertal population. |
| 268 | 18325632 | Whereas hyperleptinemia in obesity are associated with increased CRP and IL-6 release, the hypothalamic versus peripheral site of leptin action has not been ascertained. |
| 269 | 18325632 | The elevated plasma CRP and IL-6 levels seen in obese ob/ob mice receiving the control vector, regardless of the fat content of the diet, were markedly suppressed by increased hypothalamic leptin in both groups. |
| 270 | 18210031 | CNTF acts both centrally and peripherally, mimics the biological actions of leptin while overcoming "leptin resistance", remains effective even after termination of therapy if administered centrally, and appears to reduce inflammatory signaling cascades associated with lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle. |
| 271 | 18252898 | Thus, we examined whether amylin and pancreatic polypeptide are regulated by caloric intake and/or short- and long-term energy deprivation and whether any potential regulation is mediated by changes in leptin levels. |
| 272 | 18252898 | Normalizing leptin levels with r-metHuLeptin did not alter the fasting-induced decrease in amylin and had no effect on pancreatic polypeptide levels. |
| 273 | 18252898 | Neither amylin nor pancreatic polypeptide levels were different in leptin-deficient women with hypothalamic amenorrhea compared with weight-matched control subjects, and normalization of leptin levels with r-metHuLeptin treatment did not alter amylin or pancreatic polypeptide levels. |
| 274 | 18392690 | In this study of patients with type 2 diabetes, treatment with TZDs was associated with a significant improvement in adiponectin levels, although no significant effects were seen on leptin levels and arterial elasticity. |
| 275 | 18407262 | The anorexic peptides insulin, leptin and the neurotransmitter serotonin share common signalling pathways involved in food intake, in particular the insulin receptor substrate, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. |
| 276 | 18413223 | Leptin has been shown to be able to modulate insulin secretion. |
| 277 | 18413598 | On a 4% diet, these mice have no phenotype, but on a 60% fat diet, they resist diet-induced obesity because constitutive adipocyte-specific overexpression of Lepr-b prevents obesity via the antilipogenic autocrine/paracrine action of leptin on adipocytes. |
| 278 | 18281274 | Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a major negative regulator of insulin and leptin sensitivity. |
| 279 | 17614271 | After 12 weeks, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, total body fat, total cholesterol, triglyceride, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, resistin and leptin had significantly decreased, while adiponectin and IL-10 had significantly increased. |
| 280 | 18160070 | The associations of WC with the metabolic CVD risk factors were largely attenuated after adjustment for insulin levels, while the associations of WC with the inflammatory and thrombogenic factors (CRP and fibrinogen, respectively) were largely explained by adjustment for leptin concentrations. |
| 281 | 18160070 | However, leptin levels were not independently associated with CRP and fibrinogen in men and CRP in women when adjusted for WC. |
| 282 | 18725078 | Thus, newer therapies that would enhance leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier in a timely manner or reinstate leptin restraint on NPY signaling through central leptin gene therapy or pharmacologically with leptin mimetics are likely to curtail the pathophysiologic sequelae of diabetes and related ailments of the metabolic syndrome. |
| 283 | 18562232 | Interestingly, the control somatostatin clamp suppressed both serum leptin (-17%, P=0.043) and adiponectin (-7%, P=0.020). |
| 284 | 18563679 | Over age, leptin significantly increased in girls but not in boys (p for age x gender interaction=0.005) while adiponectin was similar in boys and girls. |
| 285 | 18779578 | These findings suggest that leptin reverses the catabolic consequences of total lack of insulin, potentially by suppressing glucagon action on liver and enhancing the insulinomimetic actions of IGF-1 on skeletal muscle, and suggest strategies for making type 1 diabetes insulin-independent. |
| 286 | 18929539 | This was accompanied by increased mRNA expression of leptin and the macrophage marker CD68 in white adipose tissue and of SREBP1c and FAS in liver. |
| 287 | 18435774 | Short-term beta-adrenergic stimulation decreases leptin concentrations, which cannot be explained by reduced net leptin release from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, while it elevates IL-6 concentration partly by increased release from this fat depot and muscle. |
| 288 | 18476983 | TNF-alpha (3.8-3.4 vs. 5.2-4.5 pg/ml) decreased (p < 0.05) and adiponectin (6.3-17.8 vs. 7.1-16.4 microg/ml) increased (p < 0.01), while leptin did not change following either treatment. |
| 289 | 19136996 | Leptin binding to LepRb activates the associated Janus kinase-2 (Jak2) tyrosine kinase to promote the phosphorylation of Jak2 and three residues on LepRb; each of these sites mediates a distinct aspect of downstream LepRb signaling, with differing physiologic functions. |
| 290 | 19160571 | Low ghrelin is associated with MS and type 2 diabetes in the presence of insulin and leptin resistance. |
| 291 | 19011998 | The observations in our study suggest the idea that during diabetic hypothyroidism, without thyroid hormone treatment, insulin is not sufficient to balance the metabolic pathways so mediated effects of insulin in leptin regulation via thyroid hormones are an increased possibility. |
| 292 | 19284081 | Leptin, adiponectin, TNF alfa, the hepatic expression of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3), and hyperinsulinemia have been considered as heavily influencing fibrosis extension and nonresponsiveness to the IFN-alpha. |
| 293 | 18616714 | In vitro, both OGT and DSG appear to mediate fat deposition with the lipogenic effects in part mediated by the Y1 receptor, whilst the influence of DSG affected lipolysis, lipogenesis and leptin secretion. |
| 294 | 19033408 | Whereas physical activity did not correlate with insulin resistance (r = -0.01), leptin (r = +0.04), or hsCRP (r = +0.01) independently of percent body fat, it did correlate with adiponectin, but inversely (r = -0.18, P = 0.02). |
| 295 | 19066310 | Leptin receptors in the hypothalamus are known to signal via distinct mechanisms, including signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and phosphoinositol-3 kinase (PI 3-kinase). |
| 296 | 19066310 | Leptin activates ERK1/2 in a receptor-mediated manner that involves JAK2. |
| 297 | 19169663 | The effects of leptin on food intake, body weight, metabolic variables, tissue triacylglycerol content and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity were examined. |
| 298 | 19169663 | In this model mouse mimicking human type 2 diabetes (STZ/HFD), continuous leptin infusion reduced food intake and body weight and improved glucose and lipid metabolism with enhancement of insulin sensitivity. |
| 299 | 19169663 | Leptin also decreased liver and skeletal muscle triacylglycerol content accompanied by an increase of alpha2 AMPK activity in skeletal muscle. |
| 300 | 19279289 | In contrast, plasma leptin was only increased by insulin and diet, plasma glucagon and liver glycogen was only affected by insulin and liver triglycerides, and arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin mRNA was only influenced by diet. |
| 301 | 19375596 | The change in Ang II also correlated positively with change in leptin (r = 0.348, P = .0127) and tended to correlate negatively with change in lipoprotein lipase mass in preheparin serum (r = -0.260, P = .0683), which is a marker of insulin sensitivity. |
| 302 | 18839053 | At the end of treatment, BMI, WHR, HbA1c, fasting glucose, leptin, HOMA-IR, alanine aminotransferase values decreased in both groups. |
| 303 | 19127383 | In patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, compliant CPAP usage may improve insulin secretion capacity, reduce leptin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels. |
| 304 | 19419916 | Recently discovered adipocyte-derived proteins (leptin and adiponectin) might contribute to the pathologic mechanism linking obesity and insulin resistance. |
| 305 | 19419916 | The results suggest that leptin and adiponectin may be involved in the pathophysiologic link between obesity and insulin resistance independently. |
| 306 | 19389813 | In multivariable linear regression models that included sex, BMI, waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and leptin, adiponectin was associated with mean LDL size (standardized regression coefficient B = 0.20; P < 0.001), VLDL size (B = -0.12; P < 0.001), and HDL size (B = 0.06; P = 0.013). |
| 307 | 19394382 | The adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin controls feeding behavior, augments fatty acid beta-oxidation in the skeletal muscle, attenuates insulin secretion but enhances whole body insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal, thereby serving as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. |
| 308 | 19394382 | We found that the activity of skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) parallels hypothalamic leptin sensitivity and metabolic phenotype in transgenic mice overexpressing leptin. |
| 309 | 19394382 | In fact, intracerebroventricular administration of melanocortin agonist, MT-II in mice robustly overcomes high-fat diet-induced leptin resistance and ameliorates fuel dyshomeostasis and hyperphagia, with a concomitant recovery of AMPK activity in skeletal muscle. |
| 310 | 19401420 | In addition to its central action, leptin directly affects pancreatic beta-cells, inhibiting insulin secretion, and, thus, modulating glucose homeostasis. |
| 311 | 19490650 | The ratio of follow up to baseline BMI was negatively correlated with that for adiponectin (r = -0.224, P < 0.001 in boys; r = -0.165, P = 0.001 in girls) and positively correlated with that for leptin (r = 0.518, P < 0.001 in boys; r = 0.609, P < 0.001 in girls). |
| 312 | 19490650 | However, adiponectin values decreased and leptin values increased in those subjects whose BMI increased during over this period. |
| 313 | 19327106 | Similar to chronic pharmacological inhibition of DP4, DP4 deficient rats exhibited a phenotype involving reduced diet-induced body weight gain and improved glucose tolerance associated with increased levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and bound leptin as well as decreased aminotransferases and triglycerides. |
| 314 | 19509109 | During 1 yr of insulin therapy, mean body weight increased by 6%, whereas the fasting leptin levels increased by 108% (both P < 0.001). |
| 315 | 19509109 | Study 2: mean body weight increased by 4% (P < 0.01), whereas leptin levels increased by 56% (P < 0.001) during 1 yr of insulin treatment and the increase in leptin preceded the increase in body weight. |
| 316 | 19509109 | Significant correlations were observed between insulin's effect on serum leptin levels and the increase in weight that accompanied insulin therapy. |
| 317 | 19685554 | In the whole cohort and in women, univariate correlations between IL-6 concentrations and the parameters under evaluation showed that IL-6 and leptin were positively correlated with age, BMI, waist, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, Delta AUC insulin area, triglyceride (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and adiponectin. |
| 318 | 19651815 | TNKS-deficient mice consume increased amounts of food (by 34%) but have decreased plasma leptin levels and a >50% reduction in epididymal and perirenal fat pad size. |
| 319 | 19876793 | Leptin is an adipose-tissue derived peptide, circulating as free (fl) and receptor-bound protein (bl) acting antagonistically to ghrelin's effects on food intake. |
| 320 | 19876793 | In the present study we tested the weight dependent influence of an intravenous (i.v.) ghrelin injection on leptin levels as well as hepatic protein expression in healthy and endotoxemic rats. |
| 321 | 19883613 | PI3K signaling is thought to mediate leptin and insulin action in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons, key regulators of energy homeostasis, through largely unknown mechanisms. |
| 322 | 19883613 | In POMC neurons, p110beta inactivation prevented insulin- and leptin-stimulated electrophysiological responses. |
| 323 | 19729520 | Resistance exercise does not alter circulating leptin concentration but does increase REE and adiponectin in an intensity-dependent manner for as long as 48 and 24 h, respectively, in overweight elderly individuals. |
| 324 | 19940327 | Adipose tissue produces multiple cytokines(TNF-alpha, IL-6, PAI-1, CRP, angiotensinogen, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, apelin, resistin)which decrease insulin sensitivity and induce inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction,and atherosclerosis. |
| 325 | 19804472 | In DM1 patients, leptin levels correlated with BMI, fasting insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA) (P < 0.01). |
| 326 | 19880583 | Insulin sensitivity correlated (r = x and y for IS(OGTT) and IS(HOMA,) respectively) with fasting maternal serum leptin (-0.44 and -0.52), IGFBP1 (0.42 and 0.39), and triglycerides (-0.31 and -0.27). |
| 327 | 19913498 | However, LEP -2548GG genotype appear to be important in regulating leptin levels, whereas the LEPR 223R allele might predispose healthy subjects to develop metabolic disturbances. |
| 328 | 19937225 | Adiponectin (r = 0.41, p < 0.0001), leptin (r = -0.36, p < 0.0001) and CRP (r = -0.30, p < 0.0001) during pregnancy were all associated with postpartum insulin sensitivity (determined using the insulin sensitivity index of Matsuda and DeFronzo [IS(OGTT)]). |
| 329 | 20074524 | We tested whether leptin can ameliorate diabetes independent of weight loss by defining the lowest dose at which leptin treatment of ob/ob mice reduces plasma glucose and insulin concentration. |
| 330 | 19696763 | The PM fat taken from TP rats displayed increase in the size of adipocytes, decrease in adiponectin (protein/gene), and a greater abundance of the leptin gene. |
| 331 | 19558533 | Chemerin positively correlated with leptin, resistin and C-reactive protein (CRP). |
| 332 | 19415164 | The aim of the study was to investigate the factors contributing to serum CRP, assess the relationship between CRP level and the parameters of visceral obesity, and examine the association between leptin and CRP level in type 2 diabetic patients. 150 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. |
| 333 | 19415164 | Serum concentration of CRP was significantly correlated with BMI (gamma = 0.257, P < 0.01), WC (gamma = 0.293, P < 0.01), fat mass (gamma = 0.213, P < 0.01), total adipose tissue (gamma = 0.263, P < 0.01), visceral adipose tissue (gamma = 0.296, P < 0.01), insulin (gamma = 0.189, P = 0.047), PAI-1 (gamma = 0.206, P < 0.01), leptin (gamma = 0.322, P < 0.01), mean IMT (gamma = 0.132, P = 0.042), and HOMA-IR (gamma = 0.172, P = 0.045). |
| 334 | 19415164 | After adjustment for age and gender, multiple regression analysis showed that serum CRP was significantly associated with leptin (beta = 0.326, P = 0.01) and visceral adipose tissue (beta = 0.265, P = 0.035). |
| 335 | 19415164 | In conclusion, serum CRP level is significantly associated with obesity, especially the visceral adipose tissue, and serum leptin is another important independent factor associated with CRP in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. |
| 336 | 19489767 | In addition, a new functional role of orexin is emerging in the regulation of insulin and leptin sensitivities responsible for whole-body glucose metabolism. |
| 337 | 20353437 | We found that PA significantly stimulated leptin mRNA expression and secretion by OAT and SAT, whereas it had no effect on adiponectin. |
| 338 | 20353437 | Leptin induction, but not resistin reduction, was abolished by inhibition of Gi/o-coupled GPCR signalling. |
| 339 | 20019683 | To determine the potential role of the transcriptional factor-activating enhancer-binding protein-2beta (TFAP2B) in the regulation of expression of adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in vivo, we quantified the mRNA expression levels of these adipokines and TFAP2B in visceral (omental) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissues of 66 individuals with variable degree of adiposity and studied their correlations with BMI and their plasma concentrations. |
| 340 | 20019683 | Furthermore, TFAP2B mRNA expression correlated negatively with leptin and positively with IL-6 expression in both subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues. |
| 341 | 20413520 | Adiponectin was inversely and leptin was positively associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.001). |
| 342 | 19920214 | In addition, fasting insulin, leptin, and PAI-1 levels were markedly elevated, whereas adiponectin levels were reduced in normal chow-fed KO. |
| 343 | 20492842 | In premenopausal women with MDD, reduced daily adiponectin production may increase the risk of diabetes mellitus, and elevated leptin may contribute to osteoporosis. |
| 344 | 20660066 | In summary, curcumin eliminated stimulatory effects of leptin on HSC activation and increased AMPK activity, leading to inducing expression of genes relevant to lipid accumulation and elevating the level of intracellular lipids. |
| 345 | 20668022 | At P16, LL DIO neonates had increased arcuate nucleus (ARC) binding of leptin to its extracellular receptors and at P28 an associated increase of their agouti-related peptide and alpha-MSH axonal projections to the paraventricular nucleus. |
| 346 | 20462894 | Leptin increased the atherosclerosis-related properties of monocytes in all groups, apart from surface expression of CD36 in IS obese participants. |
| 347 | 20798332 | Hypothalamic Angptl4 expression levels were increased upon food intake or administration of leptin, insulin, and nutrients. |
| 348 | 18370722 | We evaluated whether leptin was associated with insulin resistance and MS after adjusting for confounders in Japanese-Brazilian women. |
| 349 | 18370722 | Leptin was significantly correlated to BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, and insulin but not to other components of MS, such as fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and CRP levels. |
| 350 | 18370722 | Conclusions: Adiposity-adjusted correlation of leptin with HOMA-IR and fasting insulinemia suggested that the former is associated with insulin resistance, despite the lack of independent association with the definition of the MS according to NCEP-ATP III. |
| 351 | 20005544 | During the clamp studies, desacyl ghrelin concentrations decreased by 33% (second trimester, P = .004) and 27% (third trimester, P = .09) with increasing glucose and insulin concentrations, whereas acyl ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were unaffected. |
| 352 | 20535861 | The synergistic action of unopposed oestrogen and leptin, compounded by increasing insulin, cortisol and xeno-oestrogen exposure directly initiate, promote and exacerbate obesity, type 2 diabetes, uterine overgrowth, prostatic enlargement, prostate cancer and breast cancer. |
| 353 | 20381358 | PTP1B, a non-transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase that has long been studied as a negative regulator of insulin and leptin signaling, has received renewed attention as an unexpected positive factor in tumorigenesis. |
| 354 | 20819535 | To evaluate the association between the four adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with insulin sensitivity, we used a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to test insulin sensitivity in Chinese patients with obesity and type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus versus controls. |
| 355 | 20824098 | In the present study, we found MyD88-deficient mice fed a HFD had increased circulating levels of insulin, leptin and cholesterol, as well as liver dysfunction (increased induction of ALT levels, increased activation of JNK and cleavage of PARP), which were linked to the onset of severe diabetes. |
| 356 | 20633633 | Brain glucose transporter 2, glucokinase, neuropeptide Y and leptin mRNA expression and immunoreactivity were determined in neonates. |
| 357 | 20690892 | Recent studies have demonstrated the long-term therapeutic effects of central leptin gene therapy in obesity and diabetes via decreased insulin resistance and increased glucose metabolism. |
| 358 | 19695853 | Leptin, resistin and interleukin-6 decreased, whereas adiponectin increased in Groups C and D. |
| 359 | 20142631 | In 70 patients included in DEMAND (delapril and manidipine for nephroprotection in diabetes) study, fasting samples of plasma insulin and adiponectin were determined by a radioimmunoassay, whereas plasma leptin was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. |
| 360 | 20543523 | Stepwise regression analyses confirmed that the fetuin-A concentration was independently associated with the fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR, as were body mass index, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, leptin and adiponectin concentrations. |
| 361 | 20813836 | In this report, we show that phenylmethimazole (C10) blocks basal IL6 and leptin production as well as basal Socs-3 expression in fully differentiated 3T3L1 cells (3T3L1 adipocytes) without affecting insulin-stimulated AKT signaling. |
| 362 | 21085476 | Chemerin, progranulin, fetuin-A, and RBP4, IL-6, adiponectin and leptin serum concentrations were differentially regulated among the four investigated groups but only circulating chemerin was significantly different in patients with IGT compared to those with IFG. |
| 363 | 21112019 | Lack of sleep also down-regulates the satiety hormone leptin, up-regulates the appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin, and increases hunger and food intake. |
| 364 | 20876718 | Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B) are two endogenous inhibitors of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways and suppress both insulin and leptin signaling via different molecular mechanisms. |
| 365 | 20876720 | Consistent with increased insulin sensitivity, mice with ablated hepatic leptin signaling had increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in the liver. |
| 366 | 20876720 | These data reveal that unlike a complete deficiency of leptin action, which results in impaired glucose homeostasis, disruption of leptin action in the liver alone increases hepatic insulin sensitivity and protects against age- and diet-related glucose intolerance. |
| 367 | 20876720 | Thus, leptin appears to act as a negative regulator of insulin action in the liver. |
| 368 | 20553219 | The objective of this study was to assess the association of serum leptin levels with insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MetS), lipid levels, and glucose control in an Iranian type 2 diabetic population. |
| 369 | 21176750 | Inflammation plays an important role in insulin resistance, and adipocytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin, can induce insulin resistance. |
| 370 | 21179199 | While leptin concentrations were not altered by inhibition of IL-6 signalling, adiponectin concentrations significantly increased. |
| 371 | 20870968 | Amylin interacts with leptin to alter metabolism. |
| 372 | 20870968 | Leptin and amylin alone and in combination activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), AMP-activated protein kinase, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways in hAT ex vivo and hPAs and hPBMCs in vitro; all phosphorylation events were saturable at leptin and amylin concentrations of ?50 and ?20 ng/ml, respectively. |
| 373 | 20870968 | The effects of leptin and amylin on STAT3 phosphorylation in hPAs and hPBMCs in vitro were totally abolished under endoplasmic reticulum stress and/or in the presence of a STAT3 inhibitor. |
| 374 | 20929977 | Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with leptin or adiponectin resulted in increased AMPK phosphorylation and PGC-1? deacetylation. |
| 375 | 21183781 | Leptin exerts a permissive action on puberty by stimulating release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus. |
| 376 | 21123564 | Unlike insulin, however, the anti-diabetic effect of leptin occurred independently of phospho-AKT, a major downstream target of PI3K, and instead involved enhanced sensitivity of the hypothalamus to insulin action upstream of PI3K, through modulation of IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) phosphorylation. |
| 377 | 21123564 | These data suggest that leptin resistance, as occurs in obesity, reduces the hypothalamic response to insulin and thereby impairs peripheral glucose homeostasis, contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes. |
| 378 | 21039728 | Leptin stimulated RBP-4 secretion ex-vivo, whilst insulin did not affect RBP4. |
| 379 | 21037323 | Leptin receptor clusters in the vicinity of the cilium of arcuate hypothalamic neurons in C57BL/6J mice treated with leptin, but not in fasted mice, suggesting a potentially important role of the cilium in leptin signaling that is, in part, regulated by FTO and RPGRIP1L. |
| 380 | 21083697 | Several central and peripheral neurohumoral factors (the major ones being the anorectic adipokines leptin and adiponecin and the orexigenic gut hormone ghrelin) acting on the anorectic (pro-opiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) and orexigenic (neuropeptide Y and agouti gene-related protein) neurons regulate energy balance. |
| 381 | 20153489 | Furthermore, changes in plasma leptin (r = -0.432, P < .001) and leptin mRNA (r = -0.298, P = .019) correlated significantly with changes in insulin sensitivity. |
| 382 | 20153489 | This work shows that exercise training has differing effects on leptin-related variables between women with and without a diabetes family history and suggests that these molecular differences may contribute to the differential effects of exercise training on insulin sensitivity between these 2 groups. |
| 383 | 20695765 | The adipokine, leptin, regulates blood glucose and the insulin secretory function of beta cells, while also modulating immune cell function. |
| 384 | 21164037 | Roux-en-Y gastric bypass led to a significant reduction in weight, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, but further increased GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001). |
| 385 | 20947368 | Emphasis is given to the observation that certain combinations of whole-body Akt1 and Akt2 deficiencies reduce circulating levels of leptin and that restoration of leptin levels restores normal glucose homeostasis in diabetic Akt-deficient mice. |
| 386 | 20927665 | The D group showed a significant increase in SBP, HbA(?c), serum Na+, creatinine, and BUN levels and Na+,K+-ATPase activity in microsomal fraction of renal tissue homogenate while plasma leptin level decreased significantly compared with C and CV groups. |
| 387 | 21159853 | Instead, leptin action in the brain potently suppresses hepatic glucose production while increasing tissue glucose uptake despite persistent, severe insulin deficiency. |
| 388 | 21159853 | This leptin action is distinct from its previously reported effect to increase insulin sensitivity in the liver and offers compelling evidence that the brain has the capacity to normalize diabetic hyperglycemia in the presence of sufficient amounts of central nervous system leptin. |
| 389 | 21298620 | There was also a significant association between EPO dosage and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hs-CRP, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor a, leptin, and HMW adiponectin levels in DM patients with MIA syndrome. |
| 390 | 21153896 | Ninety-nine offspring of diabetic pregnancies had significantly increased E-selectin, vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), leptin, waist circumference, BMI and systolic blood pressure and decreased adiponectin levels compared with 422 offspring of non-diabetic pregnancies after adjustment for age, sex and race/ethnicity (p? |
| 391 | 20494377 | Because lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a key role in partitioning lipid nutrients, this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that leptin would modify the tissue-specific regulation of LPL and result in increased lipid oxidation and decreased storage. |
| 392 | 20494377 | After 2 weeks of leptin administration, skeletal muscle LPL (SMLPL) activity was increased in leptin-treated compared with pair-fed (P = .012) and WT (P = .002) mice. |
| 393 | 20494377 | There was no effect of leptin or pair feeding on postprandial adipose tissue LPL activity. |
| 394 | 20577883 | GEB-H, mainly as a result of the action of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin, reduces insulin resistance by decreasing fat accumulation in adipocytes by activating fat oxidation and potentiating leptin signaling in diet-induced obese rats. |
| 395 | 21321316 | In conclusion, KTD impairs energy and glucose homeostasis by exacerbating insulin resistance and attenuating hypothalamic leptin signaling in non-obese type 2 diabetic rats. |
| 396 | 21216462 | Impairments in leptin-melanocortin signaling are associated with insulin-deficient diabetes and leptin treatment has been shown to be effective in reversing hyperglycemia in animal models of type 1 diabetes. |
| 397 | 19131467 | The aim of this study was to test whether being born small for gestational age (SGA) has an impact on adiponectin and leptin levels and the IGF system in relation to insulin sensitivity, taking into consideration the severity of growth restriction. |
| 398 | 20068132 | Leptin binding to LepRb initiates signaling by activating the associated Janus kinase 2 (Jak2) tyrosine kinase, which promotes the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the intracellular tail of LepRb. |
| 399 | 20068132 | The ability of Jak2-autonomous LepRb signals to modulate glucose homeostasis in Delta/Delta animals suggests a role for these signals in leptin action. |
| 400 | 20068132 | Because Jak2-autonomous LepRb signals fail to mediate most leptin action, however, signals from other LepRb intracellular sequences predominate. |
| 401 | 20068134 | Hypothalamic leptin resistance is found in most common forms of obesity, such as diet-induced obesity, and is associated with increased expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3) in the hypothalamus of diet-induced obese animals. |
| 402 | 20068134 | This study aims to determine the functional consequence of Socs3 upregulation on leptin signaling and obesity, and to investigate whether Socs3 upregulation affects energy balance in a cell type-specific way. |
| 403 | 20068134 | Upregulation of Socs3 in POMC neurons leads to impairment of STAT3 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-S6K-S6 signaling, with subsequent leptin resistance, obesity, and glucose intolerance. |
| 404 | 20068134 | Our study establishes that Socs3 upregulation alone in POMC neurons is sufficient to cause leptin resistance and obesity. |
| 405 | 20068134 | Our study indicates that POMC neurons are important mediators of Socs3's effect on leptin resistance and obesity, but that other cell types or alteration of other signaling regulators could contribute to the development of obesity. |
| 406 | 20855609 | Leptin monotherapy reverses the deadly consequences and improves several of the metabolic imbalances caused by insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes (T1D) in rodents. |
| 407 | 20855609 | Here, we report that intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of leptin reverses lethality and greatly improves hyperglycemia, hyperglucagonemia, hyperketonemia, and polyuria caused by insulin deficiency in mice. |
| 408 | 20855609 | Pancreatic ?-cell regeneration does not underlie these beneficial effects of leptin, because circulating insulin levels were undetectable at basal levels and following a glucose overload. |
| 409 | 20374961 | Hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons regulate energy balance and glucose homeostasis and express leptin and insulin receptors. |
| 410 | 21464945 | IL-17 production in CD4+ T cells was directly promoted by treatment with leptin while IFN-? production was not. |
| 411 | 21464945 | These results strongly indicate that increased leptin in TH mice may act in conjunction with IL-6 to preferentially stimulate IL-17 production in CD4+ T cells and induce RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis. |
| 412 | 21261565 | AREAS COVERED: The present review considers: i) the role of leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin and NPY in patients with T2DM, and, ii) the effect of insulin as well as oral hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, antiobesity and antiplatelet agents on these peptides in patients with T2DM. |
| 413 | 21442412 | In addition, curcumin downregulates the inflammatory cytokines, resistin and leptin, and upregulates adiponectin as well as other associated proteins. |
| 414 | 21498926 | TNF-? and leptin gene expressions were found to be statistically significantly higher in EAT, PAT and SAT of the MS group (p<0.0001, for all). |
| 415 | 21498926 | Our results demonstrate that TNF-? and leptin gene expressions increase prominently in the EAT, PAT and SAT while adiponectin gene expression decreases significantly in EAT and PAT in MS patients with CAD. |
| 416 | 19029226 | Despite the increase in circulating leptin levels, there was no change in IGF1, IGF2, free IGF1, or IGF-binding proteins during the 2-month treatment period. |
| 417 | 21282365 | In addition, intracerebroventricular administration of leptin decreased TTF-1 expression in the hypothalamus, and AS ODN-induced inhibition of TTF-1 expression decreased food intake and AgRP expression but increased ?-MSH expression. |
| 418 | 21427225 | Leptin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic ?-cells, and in turn, insulin stimulates leptin biosynthesis and secretion from adipose tissue. |
| 419 | 21427225 | At the molecular level, leptin acts through various pathways, which in combination confer inhibitory effects on insulin biosynthesis and secretion. |
| 420 | 21427225 | These results identify a novel molecular pathway by which leptin confers inhibitory action on insulin secretion, and impaired PP-1 inhibition by leptin may be involved in dysfunction of the adipoinsular axis during the development of hyperinsulinemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. |
| 421 | 21126901 | The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance and T2D, and their association with adiponectin and leptin, in Afro-Caribbean men and women with HIV infection. |
| 422 | 9166685 | Taken together, these observations indicate an important physiological role for leptin as an inhibitor of insulin secretion and lead us to propose that the failure of leptin to inhibit insulin secretion from the beta-cells of ob/ob and db/db mice may explain, in part, the development of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and the progression to NIDDM. |
| 423 | 10022436 | Leptin (6.25 nM) suppressed insulin secretion of normal islets by 20% at 5.6 mM glucose. |
| 424 | 10022436 | Proinsulin messenger ribonucleic acid expression in islets was inhibited by leptin at 11.1 mM, but not at 5.6 mM glucose. |
| 425 | 10022436 | Leptin also reduced proinsulin messenger ribonucleic acid levels that were increased in islets by treatment with 10 nM glucagon-like peptide-1 in the presence of either 5.6 or 11.1 mM glucose. |
| 426 | 21262584 | Adipocytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), C-reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin, leptin, resistin along with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-? (PPAR-?) are important mediators in glucose homeostasis in association with CD36 and can be used as markers for T2DM and atherosclerosis. |
| 427 | 21411512 | The purpose of the current study was to determine whether leptin treatment has weight loss-independent effects on insulin action in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. |
| 428 | 21397678 | Supplementation of CG extract to HFD fed mice significantly prevented HFD induced increment in bodyweight, lee index, plasma lipids and LEP, visceral adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy. |
| 429 | 21397678 | Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb extract prevents adipocyte differentiation and visceral adiposity by down regulation of PPAR?-2 related genes and Lep expression thus validating its traditional therapeutic use in controlling obesity. |
| 430 | 21205225 | The MSG increased mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF?), resistin and leptin, but adiponectin did not exhibit any changes. |
| 431 | 21463618 | Furthermore, SKLB102 elevated the serum level of adiponectin, reduced the serum level of leptin and prevented insulin resistance. |
| 432 | 21463618 | In vitro, SKLB102 showed the ability of significantly enhancing adiponectin expression and inhibiting leptin expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. |
| 433 | 21181202 | Downregulation of resistin and leptin gene expression after bariatric surgery may play a role in normalizing obesity-associated insulin resistance. |
| 434 | 21127475 | Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) (-0.0404 ± 0.02 g/l, -5.6%, P = 0.06) and insulin levels also decreased by 9.5% (-0.16 ± 0.08 pmol/l, P = 0.06) while blood glucose and leptin levels did not change. |
| 435 | 21555558 | The decrease in their food intake was accompanied by increased plasma leptin and decreased plasma ghrelin, while hypothalamic expression of the orexic gene, neuropeptide Y, was lower and expression of the anorexic gene, proopiomelanocortin, was higher. |
| 436 | 21389141 | Supposedly leptin modulates osteocalcin bioactivity, which in turn stimulates insulin and adiponectin secretion, and ?-cell proliferation. |
| 437 | 21389141 | Linear regression models were used to test independent associations of adiponectin, osteocalcin, and leptin with the indices of insulin resistance and secretion. |
| 438 | 21389141 | Structural equation modeling revealed a direct inverse association of leptin with osteocalcin; a direct positive association of osteocalcin with adiponectin; and an inverse relationship of osteocalcin with insulin resistance and adiponectin with insulin resistance and secretion, which is cumulatively consistent with the hypothesized model. |
| 439 | 21427219 | Our analysis revealed no LepRb in GnRH neurons or in anteroventral periventricular Kiss1 neurons, and very limited (0-6%) colocalization with arcuate nucleus Kiss1 cells, suggesting that leptin does not modulate reproduction by direct action on any of these neural populations. |
| 440 | 21467195 | Peripheral administration of a specific neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) antagonist to mice leads to reduced weight gain and circulating levels of insulin and leptin after high-fat diet (HFD). |
| 441 | 21480966 | Plasma adiponectin increased (P = 0.02) and leptin decreased (P = 0.02) in the experimental group, with no change in the control group. |
| 442 | 21574956 | The age-related central resistance to leptin and insulin does not reduce their inhibitory effects on the activity of NPY and AgRP neurons. |
| 443 | 18617073 | Plasma leptin was positively (top vs. bottom quartile) associated with higher CAC after adjustment for age, gender, traditional risk factors, and Framingham risk scores (tobit regression ratio 2.42 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48 to 3.95; p = 0.002) and further adjustment for metabolic syndrome and CRP (tobit regression ratio: 2.31; 95% CI: 1.36 to 3.94; p = 0.002). |
| 444 | 20415688 | Under fed conditions, CR animals presented lower circulating leptin and ghrelin levels (decreases of 37 and 43% in males, and 15 and 34% in females respectively); furthermore, hypothalamic POMC, NPY (only in females), ObRb and InsR mRNA levels were reduced (39, 16 and 26% in males, and 112, 33, 61 and 56% in females), and those of SOCS-3 were increased (86% in males and 74% in females). |
| 445 | 21115668 | The haemoglobin (Hb) level significantly and negatively correlated with the MIS (rho = -?0.316), marginally with serum TNF-? (rho = -?0.079) and serum IL-6 (rho = -?0.075) and positively with serum transferrin (r = 0.298), serum albumin (r = 0.274), abdominal circumference (r = 0.254) and serum leptin (rho = -?0.152), P < 0.05 for all. |
| 446 | 21317313 | We examined the effect of leptin on transforming growth factor (TGF)-?(1)-mediated transcription in primary normal human lung fibroblasts. |
| 447 | 21289260 | Insulin up-regulated all AQP, whereas leptin up-regulated AQP3 and down-regulated AQP7 and AQP9 in adipocytes and hepatocytes. |
| 448 | 21505147 | Animal studies in vivo indicate that leptin treatment in extremely leptin-sensitive ob/ob mice reduces body weight exclusively by reducing fat mass and that it increases muscle mass by downregulating myostatin expression. |
| 449 | 21717410 | Leptin plays a crucial role in the maintenance of body weight and glucose homeostasis hrough central and peripheral pathways, including regulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic b cells. |
| 450 | 21717410 | Recent data provides convincing evidence that leptin has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in mouse models of insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes mellitus. |
| 451 | 20460954 | HOMA-IR was associated positively with BMI, waist circumference, serum NEFA, leptin, IL-6, and TNF-? levels, negatively with adiponectin, with no significant relation to resistin. |
| 452 | 21351249 | Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 mimicked LA actions, dramatically inhibiting both leptin secretion and gene expression and stimulating Sp1 phosphorylation. |
| 453 | 21351249 | All of these data suggest that the phosphorylation of Sp1 and the accompanying reduced DNA-binding activity are likely to be involved in the inhibition of leptin induced by LA, which could be mediated in part by the abrogation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. |
| 454 | 21620903 | Islets from ob/ob mice existing in a hyperglycemic in vivo milieu maintain elevated insulin secretion and protection from glucotoxicity through a general suppression of islet NOS activities achieved by leptin deficiency, high CO production and insulinotropic cyclic-AMP-generating hormones. |
| 455 | 21683066 | Therefore, inhibition of PTP1B activity or down-regulation of its expression should ameliorate insulin and leptin resistance, and may hold therapeutic utility in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity control. |
| 456 | 16198623 | Further, leptin increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta mRNA in isolated sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells, suggesting that leptin promotes hepatic fibrogenesis through up-regulation of TGF-beta in the liver. |
| 457 | 16198623 | Moreover, leptin augmented PDGF-dependent proliferation of HSCs by enhancing downstream intracellular signaling pathways via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt. |
| 458 | 19745015 | Also, the two TYJWT groups had lower serum levels of leptin compared to the control group, and the ghrelin levels were proportionately increased by the dosage of TYJWT given. |
| 459 | 21760856 | We evaluated the effects of insulin-induced improved glycaemic control on leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels and patient characteristics. |
| 460 | 21760856 | In both genders, insulin therapy (Group A) was associated with significant (p = 0.003 to <0.001) increases in weight, body mass index and leptin levels and significant decreases in glucose, HbA(1c) and NPY levels. |
| 461 | 21760856 | Changes in leptin, adiponectin and NPY levels may occur after insulin-induced improved glycaemic control. |
| 462 | 11015588 | Agouti but not insulin significantly increased leptin secretion, indicating that insulin enhances leptin synthesis but not secretion while Agouti increases both leptin synthesis and secretion. |
| 463 | 11359864 | We further found that up-regulation of AGRP expression was normalized by infusion of leptin into the third cerebroventricle (i3vt), but not by i3vt infusion of insulin, although up-regulation of AGRP was partially corrected by systemic insulin infusion. |
| 464 | 11359864 | After STZ-DM induction, A(y)/a mice whose melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) was blocked by ectopic expression of agouti protein additionally accelerated hyperphagia and up-regulated AGRP mRNA, implying that the mechanism is triggered by a leptin deficit rather than by the main action of the message through MC4-R. |
| 465 | 21267512 | Moreover, leptin directly activated the STAT3 signaling pathway and downregulated FTO in in vitro arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus cultures and in vivo wild-type mice but not db/db mice. |
| 466 | 21676245 | Furthermore, the excessive secretion of leptin and/or decreased production of adiponectin by adipocytes in obesity may either directly affect bone formation or indirectly affect bone resorption through up-regulated proinflammatory cytokine production. |
| 467 | 21422197 | Acute starvation decreased serum leptin to 21% of baseline values, (P=0.002) but had no significant effect on vaspin and visfatin concentrations (P>0.05). |
| 468 | 21422197 | Leptin replacement in women with hypothalamic amenorrhea did not significantly alter vaspin and visfatin concentrations, whether relative to baseline or placebo administration (P>0.25). |
| 469 | 21422197 | Pharmacological doses of leptin did not affect circulating vaspin and visfatin concentrations (P>0.9). |
| 470 | 21422197 | Circulating vaspin and visfatin are not affected by acute or chronic energy deficiency leading to hypoleptinemia and are not regulated by leptin in human subjects, indicating that these adipocyte-secreted hormonal regulators of metabolism are independently regulated in humans. |
| 471 | 21676224 | Fasting ghrelin decreased significantly while leptin, adiponectin and resistin remained unchanged. |
| 472 | 21808585 | Leptin resistance has been associated with development of obesity and insulin resistance. |
| 473 | 10512369 | We also studied leptin's regulation of hypothalamic AGRP mRNA expression. |
| 474 | 10512369 | Hypothalamic AGRP mRNA expression was upregulated in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice and downregulated in lethal yellow agouti mice (KKAy mice) with hyperleptinemia. |
| 475 | 10512369 | This study provides the first direct evidence that AGRP is a negative regulator of leptin action, and leptin downregulates hypothalamic AGRP production. |
| 476 | 10512369 | Because leptin is shown to increase hypothalamic alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) production, our data suggest that its action via the hypothalamic melanocortin system is determined by the balance between the levels of its agonist and antagonist, alpha-MSH and AGRP. |
| 477 | 11078456 | Leptin administration decreased NPY and AgRP and increased POMC mRNA levels toward baseline, but CNTF administration in fasted mice had no effect of comparable significance. |
| 478 | 11078456 | Both leptin and CNTF administration in fasted mice resulted in an induction of SOCS-3 mRNA expression. |
| 479 | 17400800 | This phenotype also shows significant alterations in POMC, NPY, AgRP and OBRb gene expression together with elevations in circulating levels of both plasma leptin and insulin. |
| 480 | 18096691 | Leptin binding to its receptor triggers multiple signaling pathways, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat 3), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and ERK. |
| 481 | 18551122 | We reported that in control mice, but not in obese mice, leptin infusion induced an increase in POMC mRNA level as well as in MC4-R mRNA level suggesting that leptin could act directly and/or through alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH). |
| 482 | 18551122 | This hypothesis was reinforced after in vitro studies, using the mouse hypothalamic GT1-7 cell line, since both leptin and Norleucine(4), D-Phenylalanine(7)-alpha-MSH (NDP-alpha-MSH) treatments increased MC4-R expression. |
| 483 | 20484460 | In cultured cells, SH2B1 promotes leptin and insulin signaling by binding via its SH2 domain to phosphorylated tyrosines in Janus kinase 2 and the insulin receptor, respectively. |
| 484 | 17185651 | Intratracheal pretreatment with a leptin receptor inhibitor attenuated leptin-induced lung edema. |
| 485 | 21778879 | An exciting new report describes that leptin can influence insulin release by osteoclastin, a hormone produced by osteoblasts. |
| 486 | 21778879 | In addition, leptin also mediates insulin secretion through the sympathetic system and via pro-opiomelanocortin neurons, which could serve as the cross-road for leptin and melanocortin signaling pathways. |
| 487 | 21845103 | Supplementation with SRLE significantly prevented HFD induced increment in bodyweight, plasma lipids and leptin, visceral adiposity and adipocyte hypertrophy. |
| 488 | 21558549 | We conclude that abnormal leptin signaling increases expression and function of Rho kinase to maintain contractile function in NP myometrium and that during pregnancy the contribution of RhoA and Rho kinase expression to myometrial function is reduced despite an increase in myometrial contractility. |
| 489 | 21453187 | Leptin, adiponectin, and adipsin did not correlate with the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 or with C-reactive protein (CRP). |
| 490 | 21320265 | Adipocytes were isolated from normal rat visceral abdominal adipose tissue and analysed for the expression of serotonin receptors, the serotonin transporter (5HTT/SERT), activation of serotonin synthesis (tryptophan hydroxylase 1, Tph1) and secretion and serotonin-induced leptin regulation by RT-PCR and protein analyses. |
| 491 | 21320265 | In vitro experiments showed that adipocytes express serotonin receptors, Tph1 and 5HTT, synthesize and secrete serotonin and that serotonin regulates leptin in mature adipocytes. |
| 492 | 21680729 | They study growth of these cancer cells in the context of obese animals, such as ob/ob mice (lacking leptin) and db/db mice (lacking functional leptin receptors (LEPR)) and find that leptin triggers LEPR-positive cancer stem cell differentiation, thereby promoting tumor cell survival. |
| 493 | 20511357 | This study investigated the associations of plasma leptin levels with insulin resistance (IR) and prediabetes in relatively lean, rural Chinese men and women. |
| 494 | 21652728 | Leptin-induced NS proliferation was significantly greater than that induced by insulin, although both effects were blocked by Notch, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition. |
| 495 | 21811961 | Forearm blood flow was measured with plethysmography. (1) In obese vs non-obese: (a) Glucose uptake by skeletal muscle was decreased (AUC (0-360)369 ± 55 vs. 877 ± 146 ?mol/100 g tissue, p=0.001) (b) arterial interleukin-6 (2.5 ± 0.5 vs. 1 ± 0.1 pg/ml, p=0.013) and subcutaneous venous interleukin-6 (5 ± 0.5 vs. 3.4 ± 0.5 pg/ml, p=0.027) were increased (c) arterial leptin (63 ± 7 vs. 5 ± 0.6 ng/ml, p<0.0001) and subcutaneous venous leptin 80 ± 8 vs. 6.5 ± 0.7 ng/ml, p<0.0001) were increased. (2) Arterial interleukin-6 (p=0.002) and subcutaneous venous interleukin-6 (p=0.014) were negatively associated with forearm glucose uptake in obese. (3) No association was found between leptin and forearm glucose uptake, after correcting with fat mass. |
| 496 | 21811961 | In morbid obesity: (1) Subcutaneous adipose tissue releases interleukin-6 which could then mediate insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. (2) Although there is increased secretion of leptin by the subcutaneous adipose tissue, leptin levels are not correlated to the sensitivity of glucose metabolism to insulin in muscle. |
| 497 | 21907138 | Thus, LHA LepRb(Nts) neurons mediate physiologic leptin action on OX neurons and the mesolimbic DA system, and contribute importantly to the control of energy balance. |
| 498 | 18997673 | In vitro, Q223R did not affect leptin signaling as reflected by activation of STAT3. |
| 499 | 19687357 | These data indicate that PTP1B is a key regulator of the cardiovascular effects of leptin and that reduced vascular adrenergic reactivity provides a compensatory limit to the effects of leptin on mean arterial pressure. |
| 500 | 15793240 | Adipose tissue gene expression in transgenic mice is characterized by decreased expression of leptin and resistin and increased expression of adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and uncoupling protein 2. |
| 501 | 21733717 | Moreover, stimulatory (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1) and inhibitory (tissue plasminogen activator) mediators of the fibrinolytic cascade were induced by leptin and resistin, leading to a balanced plasmin activity regulation. |
| 502 | 21831968 | Effects were not triggered by leptin deficiency but involved a decreased Akt phosphorylation. |
| 503 | 21962515 | Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays important roles in downregulation of insulin and leptin signaling and is an established therapeutic target for diabetes and obesity. |
| 504 | 21940282 | Whereas somatostatin and insulin both suppressed the increase in glucagon secretion stimulated by high levels of glucose, leptin had no such effect. |
| 505 | 21881808 | On the other hand, sleep deprivation stress affects adipokines - increasing tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and decreasing leptin and adiponectin -, thus establishing a possible association between sleep-debt, adipokines and glucose metabolism. |
| 506 | 21248294 | Prior studies have found that in individuals with CKD, leptin is associated with fat mass but resistin is not and the associations with adiponectin are conflicting. |
| 507 | 21791620 | In patients with congenital or HIV-related lipoatrophy, leptin treatment is also associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, concomitant with reduced visceral and ectopic fat deposition. |
| 508 | 17556363 | In this manner, insulin signaling in liver plays an important role in leptin homeostasis and fine modulation of leptin action. |
| 509 | 17223256 | In summary, leptin induced SOCS-3 expression and its association with the insulin receptor in rat skeletal muscle cells but functional significance of this increase was not apparent upon measuring glucose uptake. |
| 510 | 21865351 | Leptin administration reversed cortisol response (P < 0.01) but failed to alter activin A, follistatin, or myostatin concentrations. |
| 511 | 21865351 | Although energy deprivation-induced cortisol changes are leptin mediated, the changes in follistatin and activin A concentrations occur through a leptin-independent pathway. |
| 512 | 19150989 | In addition, activation of hypothalamic STAT3 by leptin is significantly decreased in Bbs2(-/-), Bbs4(-/-) and Bbs6(-/-) mice. |
| 513 | 21873226 | These effects coincided with activation of leptin and insulin signaling pathways and down-regulation of the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase/eukaryotic translation inhibition factor 2? (PERK-eIF2?) arm of ER stress in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue as well as increased pro-opiomelanocortin and decreased agouti-related peptide in the hypothalamus. |