Ignet

Gene Information

Gene symbol: PRKAA2

Gene name: protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit

HGNC ID: 9377

Synonyms: AMPK, AMPKa2

Related Genes

#	Gene Symbol	Number of hits
1	ACACA	1 hits
2	ACADVL	1 hits
3	ADIPOQ	1 hits
4	ADIPOR1	1 hits
5	AKT1	1 hits
6	ALB	1 hits
7	ARNTL	1 hits
8	ATIC	1 hits
9	BCL2	1 hits
10	CAT	1 hits
11	CLOCK	1 hits
12	CRTC1	1 hits
13	CRTC2	1 hits
14	FASN	1 hits
15	GPBAR1	1 hits
16	GRP	1 hits
17	IL10	1 hits
18	IL6	1 hits
19	INS	1 hits
20	LEP	1 hits
21	LPL	1 hits
22	LTF	1 hits
23	MAPK1	1 hits
24	MYEF2	1 hits
25	NOX5	1 hits
26	NR0B2	1 hits
27	NRIP1	1 hits
28	NUAK2	1 hits
29	PASK	1 hits
30	PER2	1 hits
31	PRKCZ	1 hits
32	RALBP1	1 hits
33	RUNX2	1 hits
34	SIRT1	1 hits
35	SLC2A4	1 hits
36	SMARCB1	1 hits
37	SNF1LK2	1 hits
38	SOD1	1 hits
39	SREBF2	1 hits
40	STK11	1 hits
41	TBC1D4	1 hits
42	TP53	1 hits
43	TPR	1 hits
44	UCP3	1 hits

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	21733059	AMPK activates SIRT1 in liver and skeletal muscle.
2	21733059	AMPK activity, NAMPT expression and SIRT1 expression were decreased in WAT of db/db and HFD mice, in association with suppressed expression of the core circadian components CLOCK and BMAL1.
3	21742060	In neurons, the nutrient excess associated with prolonged diabetes may trigger a switching off of AMP kinase (AMPK) and/or silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) signaling leading to impaired peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? coactivator-1 (PGC-1?) expression/activity and diminished mitochondrial activity.
4	15383372	In various cell systems, bombesin and PMA regulate cell physiology by activating PKD signaling in a PKC-dependent fashion, whereas nutrients regulate cell physiology by inhibiting AMPK signaling.
5	16236247	We have investigated the effects of genistein, EGCG, and capsaicin on adipocyte differentiation in relation to AMPK activation in 3T3-L1 cells.
6	16407220	In addition, activation of AMPK by ONOO- was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) (Thr410/403) and translocation of cytosolic PKCzeta into the membrane.
7	16407220	Further, inhibition of PKCzeta abrogated ONOO- -induced AMPK-Thr172 phosphorylation as that of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase.
8	16407220	Furthermore, overexpression of a constitutively active PKCzeta mutant enhanced the phosphorylation of AMPK-Thr172, suggesting that PKCzeta is upstream of AMPK activation.
9	16407220	In contrast, ONOO- activated PKCzeta in LKB1-deficient HeLa-S3 but affected neither AMPK-Thr172 nor AMPK activity.
10	16407220	These data suggest that LKB1 is required for PKCzeta-enhanced AMPK activation.
11	16407220	Further, direct mutation of Ser428 of LKB1 into alanine, like the kinase-inactive LKB1 mutant, abolished ONOO- -induced AMPK activation.
12	16407220	In several cell types originating from human, rat, and mouse, inhibition of PKCzeta significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of both LKB1-Ser428 and AMPK-Thr172 that were enhanced by ONOO-.
13	16407220	Taken together, we conclude that PKCzeta can regulate AMPK activity by increasing the Ser428 phosphorylation of LKB1, resulting in association of LKB1 with AMPK and consequent AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation by LKB1.
14	16620308	These studies find possible roles for histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in regulating MEF2 through a series of complex interactions potentially involving MEF2 repression, coactivation and phosphorylation. 4.
15	16949049	They also suggest that AMPK activators, such as AICAR and troglitazone, inhibit keratinocyte growth and that the inhibition of cell growth by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is AMPK-independent.
16	17083919	When analyzed by immunoblotting with the antibody against Thr172-phosphorylated AMPK, the phosphorylation of AMPK was increased (2.5-fold) and decreased (0.4-fold) in cells expressing CA and DN LKB1, respectively, as compared with Lac-Z expressing control cells.
17	17083919	Immunoprecipitation experiments, using isoform-specific antibody, revealed these alterations of AMPK phosphorylation to be attributable to altered phosphorylation of AMPK alpha2, but not alpha1 catalytic subunits, strongly suggesting the alpha2 catalytic subunit to be the major substrate for LKB1 in mammalian cells.
18	17083919	In addition, adiponectin or AICAR-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation was inhibited by overexpression of DN LKB1, while phenformin-stimulated phosphorylation was unaffected.
19	17083919	These results may explain the difference in AMPK activation mechanisms between AMP and phenformin, and also indicate that AMPK phosphorylation by LKB1 is involved in AMP-stimulated AMPK activation.
20	17083919	These results demonstrate that LKB1 is a crucial regulator of AMPK activation in muscle and liver cells and, therefore, that LKB1 activity is potentially of importance to our understanding of glucose and lipid metabolism.
21	17208384	Adiponectin, on the other hand, preserves insulin sensitivity via transient increments of AMPK activity and its circulating levels seem to reflect the adipogenic capacity of adipose tissue.
22	17525164	AMPK phosphorylates Ser-389 of CKIepsilon, resulting in increased CKIepsilon activity and degradation of mPer2.
23	18239551	This effect is independent of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) since neither phosphorylation state nor protein level of AMPKalpha1 and AMPKalpha2 was affected by SIK2 overexpression.
24	18431508	In cultured podocytes, adiponectin administration was associated with increased activity of AMPK, and both adiponectin and AMPK activation reduced podocyte permeability to albumin and podocyte dysfunction, as evidenced by zona occludens-1 translocation to the membrane.
25	18431508	These effects seemed to be caused by reduction of oxidative stress, as adiponectin and AMPK activation both reduced protein levels of the NADPH oxidase Nox4 in podocytes.
26	18431508	Ad(-/-) mice treated with adiponectin exhibited normalization of albuminuria, improvement of podocyte foot process effacement, increased glomerular AMPK activation, and reduced urinary and glomerular markers of oxidant stress.
27	18266981	Our results suggests that the effect of RSV is non-insulin dependent and triggers some of the similar intracellular insulin signalling components in myocardium such as eNOS, Akt through AMPK pathway and also by regulating the caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 status that might play an essential role in Glut-4 translocation and glucose uptake in STZ- induced type-1 diabetic myocardium.
28	19169664	Despite a similar reduction in HbA(1c) and similar improvement in insulin sensitivity with nutritional therapy, there were no significant changes in muscle AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, or the expression of ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, PPARGC1 and genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.
29	19169664	Pioglitazone increases plasma adiponectin levels, stimulates muscle AMPK signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.
30	19252305	The findings from adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase (AMPK) activation and glucose transport protein4 (GLUT4) and GLUT1 over-expression revealed certain characteristics of compounds 2--5.
31	19570550	Metformin and AICAR enhanced phosphorylated AMPK in skeletal muscle cells by Western blot analysis.
32	19570550	These results suggest that metformin increases LPL activity, LPL protein expression, and LPL mRNA expression through activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle cells but not in adipocytes.
33	19699714	In addition, we found that this effect of Rg3 on insulin signaling was not mediated by the AMPK pathway.
34	20041157	We conclude that activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in skeletal muscle cells improved insulin sensitivity by i) decreasing intramyocellular lipid deposition through downregulation of SREBP-1c; ii) increasing insulin effects through a differential activation of the Akt/PKB and AMPK pathways; iii) inhibiting the MAPK pathway.
35	20651283	Treatment with HNG significantly increased phosphorylation of AMPK and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the heart and attenuated Bcl-2-associated X protein and B-cell lymphoma-2 levels following myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
36	20713714	Muscle contraction increased sucrose nonfermenting AMPK-related kinase (SNARK) activity, an effect blunted in the muscle-specific LKB1 knockout mice.
37	20798864	The aim of this study was to (1) determine the ability of metformin to attenuate IKKbeta action, (2) determine whether changes in AMPK activity are associated with changes in IKKbeta action in skeletal muscle, and (3) examine whether changes in AMPK and IKKbeta function are consistent with improved insulin signaling.
38	20823563	Moreover, 7-O-MA stimulated the reactivation of insulin-mediated phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-linked protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in high glucose-induced, insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, and this effect was blocked by either LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, or compound C, an AMPK inhibitor.
39	20440297	Ad-36 substantially increased Cidec/FSP27, ACC, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), SREBP-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase protein abundance, but significantly reduced AMPK activity, mitochondrial mass and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) abundance in comparison with control cells (all P values are <0.01).
40	20536390	Both AdipoRs bind adiponectin and the downstream signaling of both AdipoRs is mediated mainly by phosphorylation of AMPK and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?, which influence the lipid and glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle and liver cells as well as inflammatory processes and vascular endothelial integrity.
41	21098866	Furthermore, the effects of metformin on the release of IL-1?, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-?, NO, and ROS as well as on the expression of arginase I, iNOS, NF-?B p65 and PGC-1? were not AMPK-dependent, because pretreatment of LPS-activated microglia with compound C, a pharmacological inhibitor of AMPK, did not reverse the effect of metformin.
42	20938636	In both groups, training-induced improvements in insulin-stimulated R(d) (~20%) were associated with increased muscle protein content of Akt, TBC1D4, ?2-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), glycogen synthase, hexokinase II and GLUT4 (20-75%).
43	20388847	Recent results show that metformin-induced activation of AMPK disrupts crosstalk between insulin/IGF-1 receptor and GPCR signaling in pancreatic cancer cells and inhibits the growth of these cells in xenograft models.
44	20929977	Parallel to this, we observed AMPK activation, PGC-1? deacetylation, and SIRT1 induction in trained wild-type mice.
45	20929977	Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with leptin or adiponectin resulted in increased AMPK phosphorylation and PGC-1? deacetylation.
46	20929977	CONCLUSIONS Chronic exercise induces mitochondrial biogenesis in wild-type mice, which may require intact AMPK activation by adipocytokines and involve SIRT1-dependent PGC-1? deacetylation.
47	21270273	The phosphorylation of 5'-AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in the kidney were assessed by immunoblotting.
48	21270273	RSV neither modified AMPK activation nor SIRT1 expression in the kidney.
49	20142099	Moreover, Fyn kinase directly phosphorylated LKB1 on tyrosine 261 and 365 residues, and mutations of these sites resulted in LKB1 export into the cytoplasm and increased AMPK phosphorylation.
50	17575082	Compared with control blastocysts, blastocysts exposed to high concentrations of IGF-I showed a decrease in AMPK activation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and an increase in the number of apoptotic nuclei.
51	21241768	Different SIRT1 targets have been identified, including PTP1B, AMPK, FOXO, PGC-1? and IRS2.
52	21186369	Here, we show that adiponectin potently stimulates a ceramidase activity associated with its two receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, and enhances ceramide catabolism and formation of its antiapoptotic metabolite--sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)--independently of AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK).
53	21084676	Fasting-mediated increases in plasma epinephrine, and the activation of PKA and AMPK in skeletal muscle were similar between chow and HFD rats. p38 MAPK phosphorylation was increased with fasting in chow-fed but not HFD rats.
54	20580385	Treatment of HGMEC with fenofibrate resulted in transient activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby inducing the phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, leading to nitric oxide production.
55	21181396	PASK-depleted alpha-TC1-9 cells and pancreatic embryonic explants displayed increased expression of the preproglucagon (Gcg) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-alpha2 (Prkaa2) genes, implying a possible role for AMPK-alpha2 downstream of PASK in the control of glucagon gene expression and release.
56	21459325	Many actions of adiponectin, a well-recognized antidiabetic adipokine, are currently attributed to the activation of two critical molecules downstream of AdipoR1 and R2: AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?).
57	20222801	The activation of AMPK reprograms cellular metabolism and enforces metabolic checkpoints by acting on mTORC1, p53, fatty acid synthase and other molecules for regulating cell growth and metabolism.
58	21147283	Metformin increased the transcription of the SHP and OC genes, and the metformin effect was inhibited by dominant negative form of AMPK (DN-AMPK) or compound C (an inhibitor of AMPK).
59	21147283	In addition, metformin-induced AMPK activation increased the level of Runx2 mRNA and protein.
60	18063812	Exposure of cultured VSMCs to either TPr agonists, IBOP and U46619, or exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) caused time- and dose-dependent AMPK activation, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of both AMPK-Thr172 and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase-Ser79, a downstream enzyme of AMPK, whereas SQ29548, a selective TPr antagonist, significantly attenuated TPr-enhanced AMPK activation.
61	18063812	Furthermore, adenoviral overexpression of catalase (an H2O2 scavenger) abolished, whereas superoxide dismutase (which catalyzes H2O2 formation) enhanced, IBOP-induced AMPK activation, suggesting that TPr-activated AMPK was mediated by H2O2.
62	18063812	In addition, direct mutagenesis of either Ser428 or Ser307 of LKB1 into alanine, like the kinase-dead LKB1 mutant, abolished both TPr-stimulated AMPK activation and coimmunoprecipitation.
63	18063812	We conclude that TPr stimulation triggers reactive oxygen species-mediated LKB1-dependent AMPK activation, which in return inhibits cellular protein synthesis in VSMCs.
64	21505148	Multiple kinases, including Akt and AMPK, phosphorylate TBC1D1 and AS160 on distinct residues, regulating their activity and allowing for GLUT4 translocation.
65	20444420	The increased insulin sensitivity in the VLCAD(-/-) mice were protected from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance due to chronic activation of AMPK and PPARalpha, resulting in increased fatty acid oxidation and decreased intramyocellular and hepatocellular diacylglycerol content.
66	21606593	These results reveal that whereas some of the hormone's actions in vivo may be LKB1 dependent, substantial LKB1-, AMPK-, and CRTC2-independent signaling pathways also mediate effects of adiponectin.
67	21700896	Since ?-GPA feeding reduces high-energy phosphate levels and activates AMPK, alterations reminiscent of exercise, we hypothesized that exercise training would reduce RIP140 protein content.
68	21700896	In conclusion our results demonstrate that decreases in RIP140 protein content are not required for exercise and AMPK-dependent increases in skeletal muscle mitochondrial content, nor do acute perturbations alter the cellular localization of RIP140 in parallel with the induction of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.
69	21931813	The decrease in RLIP76 protein expression by rosiglitazone and metformin is associated with an up-regulation of PPAR? and AMPK.
70	20813966	This Commentary discusses how suppressor of glucose by autophagy (SOGA) contributes to adiponectin-mediated insulin-dependent inhibition of autophagy during the activation of adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK).
71	21295959	The effects of lactoferrin on adipogenesis were studied through the expression of different adipogenic and inflammatory markers, AMPK activation and Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) activity.
72	21295959	In addition to these adipogenic effects, lactoferrin decreased significantly AMPK activity (reducing (pThr172)AMPK and (pSer79)ACC) and RB1 activity (increasing the (pser807/811)RB1/RB1 ratio).
73	21295959	In conclusion, these results suggest that lactoferrin promotes adipogenesis in human adipocytes by enhancing insulin signaling and inhibiting RB1 and AMPK activities.