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Gene Information
Gene symbol: PRKCA
Gene name: protein kinase C, alpha
HGNC ID: 9393
Related Genes
Related Sentences
| # | PMID | Sentence |
| 1 | 3527826 | We have previously suggested that insulin effects on 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) uptake in BC3H-1 myocytes are due to increases in de novo phospholipid synthesis, diacylglycerol generation, and protein kinase C activation. |
| 2 | 3527826 | To test this hypothesis further, we examined the effects of phenylephrine, an agonist that increases diacylglycerol and protein kinase C activity through phospholipase C activation. |
| 3 | 3527826 | These findings support our hypothesis that diacylglycerol generation and protein kinase C activation may be important in the stimulation of glucose uptake by agents such as phenylephrine and insulin that activate the phosphoinositide cycle. |
| 4 | 3803738 | In perfused lean rat hearts, the activator of protein kinase C phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), when present alone, stimulates glucose transport but inhibits the insulin stimulation of this transport. |
| 5 | 3803738 | In contrast, none of these effects are observed in hearts and hepatocytes of obese animals, indicating an impaired protein kinase C activation in these tissues, which are insulin resistant. |
| 6 | 3803738 | Pretreatment of lean rats with PMA in vivo, aimed at downregulating protein kinase C, induces the same defects (i.e., insulin resistance and unresponsiveness to PMA) as those observed in hearts of untreated obese animals. |
| 7 | 3125181 | These data suggest that protein kinase C may regulate the function of the insulin receptor. |
| 8 | 3282940 | Protein kinase C (PKC) has been suggested as a mediator of insulin's effect on glucose transport, and PKC-mediated modulation of tyrosine kinase activity in the insulin receptor has been implicated in regulating the insulin sensitivity of tissues. |
| 9 | 3149924 | The roles of protein kinase C, calcium and calmodulin in mediating insulin-stimulated lipogenesis by rat adipocytes were investigated using the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA); the protein kinase C inhibitors, H7 and polymixin B; the calcium ionophore, A23187; the calcium channel blocker, verapamil; and the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium. |
| 10 | 2540178 | Furthermore, the increased PIP2-PLC in diabetic liver may result in: (a) increased intracellular concentrations of IP3 and thus increased Ca2+, which has been postulated to induce insulin resistance; and (b) increased diacylglycerol and thus increased protein kinase C which phosphorylates the insulin receptor at serine residues inactivating the insulin receptor kinase. |
| 11 | 2541440 | Protein kinase C agonists (phorbol ester and diacylglycerol) and agonist precursor (myoinositol) reversed the Na+ pump lesion, suggesting that protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of the 100-kDa subunit regulates Na+ pump activity and that insulin can influence erythrocyte protein kinase C activity. |
| 12 | 2478719 | However, sphingosine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C and NGF-induced differentiation of PC 12 cells, did not alter the phosphorylation of proteins on tyrosine stimulated by NGF. |
| 13 | 2808704 | Sphingosine (40 microM), a protein kinase C inhibitor, increased EGF receptor affinity twofold in control cells and six- to nine-fold in cells of leprechaunism. |
| 14 | 1689117 | Acini possess a single class of bombesin receptors, and first incubating acini with carbachol caused a 40% decrease in the number of bombesin receptors with no change in their affinity for bombesin. 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate reproduced the action of carbachol on binding of N-[3H]methylscopolamine and 125I-CCK-8 but not on binding of 125I-[Tyr4]bombesin, suggesting that carbachol activation of protein kinase C may in some way mediate the effect of carbachol on receptors for carbachol and those for CCK but not that on receptors for bombesin. |
| 15 | 2121569 | Staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, blocked glyburide-, tolbutamide-, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. |
| 16 | 2174010 | On the contrary, P20 and P47 phosphorylation induced by 50 nM of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, was significantly decreased in the DM-A group. |
| 17 | 2176470 | Moreover, insulin administration for 5 days to diabetic animals did not affect their lowered intestinal polyphosphoinositide turnover, but did further accentuate their increased 1,2-diacylglycerol mass and synthesis de novo; this treatment also corrected total protein kinase C activity by increasing the cytosolic activity of this enzyme. |
| 18 | 2176470 | These results indicate that signalling mechanisms involving polyphosphoinositides, 1,2-diacylglycerol and protein kinase C are abnormal in the intestines of diabetic rats and that some of these biochemical parameters can be modulated by insulin administration in vivo. |
| 19 | 1985103 | A pharmacological inhibitor of protein kinase C (staurosporine) greatly attenuates the rise in microvascular albumin clearance (but not the rise in blood flow) induced by glucose or by MOG. |
| 20 | 1900153 | We have further characterized the protein kinase C (PK-C) dependent phosphorylation of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF). |
| 21 | 2022306 | The effect of activators of protein kinase C (PKC) on cytosolic concentration of free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) was assessed in insulin-secreting islet cell line HIT T-15. |
| 22 | 1744120 | When protein kinase C in the bovine aortic endothelial cells was down-regulated by preincubation with 8 x 10(-7) M PMA for 24 or 48 h, insulin was still able to increase ET-1 mRNA levels whereas PMA was ineffective. |
| 23 | 1726909 | Staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, also blocked the effects of insulin on RNA synthesis. |
| 24 | 1402897 | These results support the conclusion that protein kinase C modulates phospholipase D activity in nerve and suggest that in diabetic nerve the enzyme activation mechanism may possess increased sensitivity. |
| 25 | 1418832 | The intracellular Ca-dependent protein kinase C and myosin light chain kinase activities on the phosphorylation of endogenous p47 and p20 proteins studied after 2 min of thrombin addition decreased only 10 to 25% in the presence of 5 to 10 mmol/L Mg. |
| 26 | 8320278 | In opposition to this view is the hypothesis that protein kinase C is not activated by insulin and, more importantly, may be responsible for attenuation of the insulin signal. |
| 27 | 8238021 | This early alteration in glomerular synthesis of eicosanoids in the SDR has been linked to glucose-induced activation of the glomerular protein kinase C signalling system that enhances phospholipase A2 activity and, therefore, release of membrane-bound arachidonic acid for oxygenation. |
| 28 | 8122031 | Insulin or PLC increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the membrane fraction in C, but not in DM. |
| 29 | 8121307 | The presence of staurosporine, an inhibitor of the protein kinase C signaling pathway, completely prevented the inhibitory effect of ET-1 on adipose differentiation. |
| 30 | 7515882 | In this study, we examined the role of insulin, protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in activation of protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) by using three complementary approaches. |
| 31 | 7516691 | Besides employing TPA directly, the synergistic effect of TNF could be traced back to protein kinase C activation since protein kinase C inhibitors (IC50 value for staurosporine: 4 nM) potently suppressed nitrite production in the case of IL-1/TNF administration. |
| 32 | 7935330 | Recent results for truncated and mutated gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors (GRP-R), as well as muscarinic cholinergic receptors, suggest that activation of protein kinase C may be needed for full receptor internalization. |
| 33 | 8088704 | In this model system, activation of protein kinase C is shown to interfere with insulin receptor signalling by inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and its subsequent binding by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. |
| 34 | 7530592 | We used ring segments of the rabbit facial artery mounted in a myograph to test the hypothesis that potentiation of NE-induced tone by insulin may be related to activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and tyrosine kinase (TK). |
| 35 | 7705199 | We examined effect of insulin or 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) on the subcellular redistribution of protein kinase C isoforms in rat adipocytes. |
| 36 | 7531975 | These findings suggest that high glucose in combination with stimulation by LPS plus IFN-gamma enhances iNOS expression, and protein kinase C activation may be playing a role in this enhancement. |
| 37 | 7883982 | Inhibition of protein kinase C completely blocked PMA-stimulated induction of PAI-2 mRNA in both cell types and inhibited the AII-stimulated increase in RASMC by 98.6 +/- 2.8%. |
| 38 | 8788311 | The ratio of membrane/cytosolic protein kinase C (PKC) activity and the levels of c-fos and c-jun expressions in uterine endometrial fibroblasts were increased and reached peak levels with the administration of estradiol, but were partially diminished by the addition of progesterone. |
| 39 | 8910254 | Results suggest that the contractile response to 5-HT in DM is related to the altered Ca2+ signal transduction system via disturbed protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and that there are alterations of receptor characteristics and of the density in 5-HT receptor subtypes, especially 5-HT1A, during DM development. |
| 40 | 8914428 | Several mechanisms mediated by hyperinsulinemia can be entertained as follows: 1) sodium and water retention, 2) increased sympathetic nerve activity and reduced catecholamine clearance, 3) increased intracellular calcium concentration and reduced magnesium concentration, 4) increased coagulant activity and impaired fibrinolytic activity, 5) impaired endothelium-dependent NO synthesis and release, 6) increased vascular responsiveness for the vasoactive substrates, 7) increased proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell by activation of protein kinase C or mediated by insulin and IGF-1 action. |
| 41 | 8922537 | We examined insulin-mediated PKC beta I, beta II, and epsilon translocation from cytosol to cytoskeleton, and expression of PKC alpha, beta I, beta II, gamma, and epsilon isoforms using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method during treatment with insulin for 240 min in rat adipocytes. |
| 42 | 9519716 | Because TPA is known to activate protein kinase C (PKC), these present results suggest that leptin, at a physiological concentration, suppresses the second phase of insulin secretion by reducing activity of the Ca2+-dependent PKC isoform. |
| 43 | 10052864 | Recent evidence suggests that activation of novel isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) by diacylglycerol may mediate at least part of the adverse impact of FFAs on muscle insulin sensitivity. |
| 44 | 10026205 | CTGF expression induced by high glucose was partially suppressed by anti-TGF-beta1 antibody and by the protein kinase C inhibitor GF 109203X. |
| 45 | 10026205 | Together, these data suggest that 1) high glucose stimulates mesangial CTGF expression by TGFbeta1-dependent and protein kinase C dependent pathways, and 2) CTGF may be a mediator of TGFbeta1-driven matrix production within a diabetic milieu. |
| 46 | 10432377 | High-glucose-induced activation of protein kinase C and stimulated TGF-beta expression appear to be essential for stimulated expression of p27Kip1. |
| 47 | 10727667 | An antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine and a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X significantly suppressed the TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB activation, and abrogated potentiation of TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB activity caused by high glucose (27.5 mmol/l). |
| 48 | 10749857 | We evaluated effects of the thiazolidinedione, rosiglitazone, on insulin-induced activation of protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta/lambda and glucose transport in adipocytes of Goto-Kakizaki (GK)-diabetic and nondiabetic rats. |
| 49 | 10967557 | Additional studies using staurosporine and Ro-31-8220 demonstrate that protein kinase C is required for the glucose up regulation of collagen I and c-jun. |
| 50 | 10967557 | Taken together, our results demonstrate that osteoblasts respond to increasing extracellular glucose concentration through an osmotic response pathway that is dependent upon protein kinase C activity and results in upregulation of c-jun and modulation of collagen I and osteocalcin expression. |
| 51 | 11132246 | Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, H-7 and chelerythrine, significantly inhibited the enhancement of IL-1beta-induced COX-2 expression by high glucose. |
| 52 | 11289054 | Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor completely inhibited AII-induced Ang2 expression, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor also inhibited it by 69.4+/-15.6%. |
| 53 | 11415460 | We have previously shown that unsaturated fatty acids amplify platelet-derived-growth-factor (PDGF)-induced protein kinase C (PKC) activation in vascular smooth-muscle cells (VSMCs). |
| 54 | 11423472 | By using inhibitors of the different signaling pathways evoked by insulin-receptor binding, it has been shown that the biosynthesis of PAI-1 is due to phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activation, followed by protein kinase C and ultimately by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 phosphorylation. |
| 55 | 11424232 | There is however evidence for a role of protein kinase C, advanced glycation end products (AGE) and activation of transcription factors such as NF kappa B, but the exact signalling pathways and the interactions with ROI remain a matter of discussion. |
| 56 | 11463795 | Insulin controls glucose uptake by translocating GLUT4 and other glucose transporters to the plasma membrane in muscle and adipose tissues by a mechanism that appears to require protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta/lambda operating downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. |
| 57 | 11798595 | The changes of creatinine clearance rate (Ccr), nitric oxide(NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and endothelin(ET) in the plasma and renal cortical tissue, membrane protein kinase C(PKC) in the renal glomeruli were observed. |
| 58 | 11694503 | We present novel findings demonstrating that stretch-induced VEGF expression in retinal capillary pericytes is mediated by phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta but is not mediated by ERK1/2, classical/novel isoforms of PKC, Akt, or Ras despite their activation by stretch. |
| 59 | 11714718 | In this study, we found that activity of protein kinase C is increased by high glucose, preceding the induction of c-myc expression and that PKC beta2 specifically regulates c-myc expression in pancreatic beta-cells. |
| 60 | 11784718 | The induction of actin cytoskeleton regulatory gene expression by high glucose was attenuated by the inhibitor of reactive oxygen species generation, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone but not by the protein kinase C inhibitor GF 109203X and was not mimicked by the addition of transforming growth factor beta. |
| 61 | 11916925 | This insulin resistance was associated with impaired insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2-associated phosphatidylinositol 3' (PI3) kinase activation and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation as well as significantly decreased protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta/lambda activation in response to insulin. |
| 62 | 11916942 | Whereas Hcys treatment increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity in Mo, pretreatment of Mo with PKC inhibitors totally suppressed Hcys-induced LPL mRNA expression. |
| 63 | 12011047 | In this study, subjecting rat islets to oxidative stress activates JNK, p38 MAPK, and protein kinase C, preceding the decrease of insulin gene expression. |
| 64 | 12011047 | Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of dominant-negative type (DN) JNK, but not the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 nor the protein kinase C inhibitor GF109203X, protected insulin gene expression and secretion from oxidative stress. |
| 65 | 12490536 | Inhibition of AR attenuated TNF-alpha and hyperglycemia-induced activation of protein kinase C (PKC), phosphorylation of the inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and stimulation of NF-kappaB, but it did not prevent the activation of NF-kappaB and PKC by phorbol ester. |
| 66 | 12663466 | The [Ca(2+)](i) responses to ghrelin were markedly attenuated by inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) but not protein kinase C and by a blocker of N-type but not L-type Ca(2+) channels. |
| 67 | 12825835 | The activation of P2Y6 receptors by UDP both protected the astrocytes from TNF-alpha induced apoptosis and activated protein kinase C (PKC) isotypes. |
| 68 | 12941762 | Downstream PI 3-kinase, activation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 (alpha and beta isoforms), Foxo1, and atypical protein kinase C were blunted in insulin-stimulated IRS-2(-/-) cells. |
| 69 | 14511127 | Consistent with the changes of PKC activities, diabetic Tg showed decreased expression of PKC alpha in endoneurium, whereas there was an increased expression of PKC beta II in epineurium in both diabetic Tg and diabetic Lm. |
| 70 | 14516785 | The p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580, the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway inhibitor wortmannin, and the protein kinase C pathway (PKC) inhibitor Gö 6976 did not significantly affect mitogen-induced MCM6 and MCM7 expression. |
| 71 | 12960081 | Under euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions, basal and insulin-stimulated action on phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, protein kinase B/Akt, and ERK were reduced in GK rats, whereas insulin-stimulated protein kinase C (PKC)zeta activity was not altered. |
| 72 | 14962991 | Tacrolimus suppressed insulin secretion induced by carbachol and by a protein kinase C agonist in the presence or absence of extracellular Ca(2+). |
| 73 | 15158370 | Furthermore, since the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway appears to be a key factor for the enhanced production of TGFbeta(1), we also analyzed the effect of the selective PKCbeta inhibitor LY379196 on TGFbeta(1) response to CSC. |
| 74 | 15117825 | We report here that PPARgamma agonists, thiazolidinedione class drugs (TZDs), or 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) were capable of activating diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase (DGK), resulting in attenuation of DAG levels and inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) activation. |
| 75 | 15051799 | Bisindolylmaleimide, a generalized protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, and B581, a Ras farnesylation inhibitor, inhibited AA-mediated activation of Erk1/2 and p38 MAPK, suggesting a role for PKC and Ras in mediating such activation. |
| 76 | 15259294 | To investigate (1) the mechanism of blood-retinal barrier breakdown induced by protein kinase C (PKC) activation (2) the relationship between PKC activation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 2-week streptozotocin-induced diabetes. |
| 77 | 15272035 | Thus, gestational diabetes increases the L-arginine/NO pathway involving activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, protein kinase C (PKC) and NO cell signalling cascades following activation of A(2a) purinoceptors by extracellular adenosine. |
| 78 | 15556945 | High glucose-enhanced SR-A expression was prevented by protein kinase C and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors as well as antioxidants. |
| 79 | 15750341 | ERK phosphorylation was not affected by exposure to the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM but inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) with GF109203X, inhibition of Src kinase with PP1 (5 microM) and inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122/U73343 (5 microM) all reduced ERK phosphorylation in response to glycated LDL. |
| 80 | 15956119 | The induction of PAI-1 expression by hyperglycemia involves oxidative stress and protein kinase C (PKC). |
| 81 | 15962096 | Recent work has demonstrated that hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron-transport chain triggers several pathways of injury [(protein kinase C (PKC), hexosamine and polyol pathway fluxes, advanced glycation end product formation (AGE)] involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications by inhibiting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. |
| 82 | 15971149 | The basal uptake of the D-glucose analog was decreased by wortmannin--a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor--, PD98059--a mitogen-activated protein kinases inhibitor--, and TNFalpha--a protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor--, but not by either rapamycin--a p70s6 kinase inhibitor--, or H-7--, a protein kinase C inhibitor--. |
| 83 | 16087719 | We have investigated, in isolated rat adipocytes, the changes caused by GLP-1, Ex-4 and Ex-9 compared with those provoked by insulin or glucagon, upon the activity of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB), p42/44 MAP kinases (MAPKs) and p70s6 kinase (p70s6k), and the participation of these kinases and protein kinase C (PKC) in their action upon 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake, lipolysis and lipogenesis. |
| 84 | 16174288 | High glucose (HG) induces cellular ROS through protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase and through mitochondrial metabolism. |
| 85 | 16179727 | Insulin regulates glucose transport by activating insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) which, via increases in PI-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP(3)), activates atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). |
| 86 | 16205724 | ET-1 increased particulate PKCalpha and epsilon to a similar extent in arteries from control and diabetic rats.NA significantly enhanced CPI-17 phosphorylation from a basal level of 22+/-10 to 71+/-7% of total in arteries from diabetic rats, and this was prevented by PKC inhibition. |
| 87 | 16317525 | Stimulation of ET-1 receptors leads to increased activation of protein kinase C (PKC), which is associated with PKC translocation from the cytosol to the membrane. |
| 88 | 16380495 | Insulin stimulated NADPH oxidase activity; this effect was abolished by a specific protein kinase C inhibitor. |
| 89 | 16336954 | Inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) with GF109203X for 30 min did not inhibit high glucose-induced CPI-17 phosphorylation. |
| 90 | 16293713 | In contrast, PD98059 (2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone), an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, SP600125 (1,9-pyrazoloanthrone), an inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, SB203580 [4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imadazole], an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, or bisindolylmaleimide, a broad spectrum inhibitor of protein kinase C, did not inhibit the insulin-mediated increase in alpha-class GST protein levels in hepatocytes. |
| 91 | 16505220 | Furthermore, diminished levels and/or activation of PKCalpha, PKCepsilon, PKCtheta, and PKCzeta could be part of the defective signals downstream to glucose metabolism responsible for the deranged insulin secretion in the GK rat. |
| 92 | 16505231 | Alpha1-adrenoceptors are Gq-coupled receptors, and calcium but not phorbol esters could mimic the effect of alpha1-adrenergic stimulation; and we show that protein kinase C is not involved as an upstream signal to AMPK by alpha1-adrenergic stimulation and that the AMP-to-ATP ratio is unaltered after alpha1-adrenergic stimulation. |
| 93 | 16505231 | These results suggest a novel pathway where alpha1-adrenoceptor activation, independent of protein kinase C, leads to activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle, which contributes to alpha1-adrenoceptor-mediated increases in glucose uptake. |
| 94 | 16505232 | Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in vascular tissue is associated with endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance. |
| 95 | 16505232 | In endothelial cell culture, overexpression of PKCbeta1 and -beta2, but not PKCalpha, -delta, or -zeta, decreased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and eNOS expression. |
| 96 | 16505232 | Overexpression of PKCbeta1 and -beta2, but not PKCalpha or -delta, also decreased Akt phosphorylation stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). |
| 97 | 16141358 | Ang II-induced AT1R activation via Gq/11 stimulates phospholipases A2, C, and D, and activates inositol trisphosphate/Ca2+ signaling, protein kinase C isoforms, and MAPKs, as well as several tyrosine kinases (Pyk2, Src, Tyk2, FAK), scaffold proteins (G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1, p130Cas, paxillin, vinculin), receptor tyrosine kinases, and the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. |
| 98 | 16170840 | The objectives of this study were to determine changes in ET-1 receptors and signalling pathways in diabetic renal arteries, to determine the relative roles of protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase activation in mediating these responses and to investigate the role of Rho-kinase activity in mediating the vasoconstrictor responses to ET-1. |
| 99 | 16891764 | In vitro studies have shown that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is a key mediator of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in a range of cell types and in response to high glucose, however, its role in the in vivo setting has not been clearly delineated. |
| 100 | 16837815 | High glucose and angiotensin II (Ang II) can activate protein kinase C (PKC) in diabetes mellitus. |
| 101 | 16837815 | After 4 weeks, expression and translocation of PKC-alpha and -betaII in the renal cortex and medulla were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western immunoblotting. |
| 102 | 16837815 | For the expression of PKC-alpha and -betaII in the medulla, no difference was detected among the 5 groups. |
| 103 | 17046548 | Incubation of THLE-5b cells with TNF-alpha stimulated PAI-1 production via protein kinase C-, mitogen-activated protein kinase-, protein tyrosine kinase-, and nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent pathways. |
| 104 | 17046548 | A thiazolidinedione, pioglitazone, reduced TNF-alpha-induced PAI-1 production by 32%, via protein kinase C- and nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent pathways. |
| 105 | 17065350 | In wild-type mice, diabetes increased the translocation of PKC-alpha and -beta1 to the membrane, whereas only PKC-alpha was elevated in PKC-beta(-/-) mice. |
| 106 | 17065399 | Inhibitors of protein kinase A and protein kinase C did not inhibit MH-induced GLP-1 secretion. |
| 107 | 17028898 | Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in muscle is impaired in obesity and type 2 diabetes, but alterations in levels of relevant signalling factors, i.e. atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), are still uncertain. |
| 108 | 17084284 | This review details the evidence that the protein kinase C (PKC) beta/early growth response-1 axis plays a central role in the response to both acute and chronic vascular stresses in animal models and also indicates the clinical implications of a specific inhibitor of PKCbeta, ruboxistaurin (LY333531). |
| 109 | 17593346 | Intracellular lipid species and protein kinase C activation were modulated by overexpression of diacylglycerol kinase epsilon, which preferentially converts unsaturated diacylglycerol into phosphatidic acid, or by inhibition of lysophosphatidic acid acyl transferase with lisofylline, which reduces phosphatidic acid synthesis. |
| 110 | 17593346 | Overexpression of diacylglycerol kinase epsilon reversed the activation of protein kinase C isoforms by linoleate, but paradoxically further diminished IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation. |
| 111 | 17653206 | Increased production of ROS, mainly from mitochondria and NAD(P)H oxidase, stimulates signaling cascades including protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway leading to nuclear translocation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), activator protein 1, and specificity protein 1. |
| 112 | 17473221 | Extracellular nucleotide-stimulated upregulation of MCP-1 is, at least in part, protein kinase C dependent. |
| 113 | 17880815 | In this article we have covered molecular and cellular aspects of C-peptide functioning, such as: activation of protein kinase C, Na+,K+- ATP-ase, nitric oxide synthase, MAP and ERK 1/2 kinases, improvement of nerve conduction velocity and interactions with exogenous and endogenous insulin. |
| 114 | 17885426 | Fatty acids appeared to compromise insulin signaling by protein kinase C activation. |
| 115 | 17728702 | In contrast, 8-week exposure to HG resulted in the persistent activation of PKC-delta, did not change PKC-alpha or -beta activity, and decreased PKC-epsilon activity while increasing collagen I and IV gene and protein expression. |
| 116 | 18346469 | It is known that protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction is enhanced in a diabetic state, and that PKC activator phorbol esters increase the gene expression of MDR1 in human tumor cells. |
| 117 | 18346469 | From these findings, it was suggested that STZ-induced hyperglycemia caused the upregulation of Mdr1b P-gp expression through the activation of PKCalpha and NF-kappaB. |
| 118 | 18207474 | DAG is identified as a potential mediator of lipid-induced insulin resistance, as increased DAG levels are associated with protein kinase C activation and a reduction in both insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and PI3 kinase activity. |
| 119 | 19013297 | We previously demonstrated that Sp1 is a positive regulator of PON1 transcription and that an interaction between Sp1 and protein kinase C (PKC) is a crucial mechanism for the effect of Sp1 on PON1 transcription in cultured HepG2 cells. |
| 120 | 19236815 | Neither the block of NO nor protein kinase C (PKC) altered the expression of ICAM-1 or the phosphorylation of eNOS. |
| 121 | 19357831 | Previous findings in rodents used as a model of diabetes suggest that insulin activation of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) is impaired in muscle, but, unexpectedly, conserved in liver, despite impaired hepatic protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) activation. |
| 122 | 19602578 | Furthermore, ultramorphological analysis demonstrated an increase in the number of granules in the immediate vicinity of the plasma membrane in hIDS-transfected cells and a decrease in total vesicles per square micrometer. hIDS overexpression induced phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) alpha and its newly myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, MARCKS. |
| 123 | 19602578 | We conclude that IDS has a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via a mechanism that involves the activation of exocytosis through phosphorylation of PKCalpha and MARCKS. |
| 124 | 19675559 | Furthermore, DKK1 induces the expression of keratin 9 and alpha-Kelch-like ECT2-interacting protein (alphaKLEIP) but downregulates the expression of beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, protein kinase C, and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) in keratinocytes. |
| 125 | 19061951 | This review describes experimental new findings in animal and cell culture models as well as clinical data suggesting the importance of 1) previously established hyperglycemia-initiated mechanisms such as increased aldose reductase activity, non-enzymatic glycation/glycooxidation, activation of protein kinase C, 2) oxidative-nitrosative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation; 3) mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2 activation, impaired Ca(++) homeostasis and signaling, and several other mechanisms, in PDN. |
| 126 | 19485884 | Modulation of ENTs and NOS expression and activity in endothelium involves several signalling molecules, including protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases p42 and p44, calcium and phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase. |
| 127 | 20011604 | This occurs through protein kinase C (PKC)alpha activation since dowregulation of PKCalpha expression using specific siRNA or blockade of its activity using chemical inhibition affects the FGF-2-dependent Ser473 Akt phosphorylation. |
| 128 | 20029543 | Biochemical data showed that this treatment significantly prevented important changes, such as inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, loss of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP-4) protein, increase in tissue levels of thiol oxidation, endothelin-1, protein kinase C (PKC), and cAMP production, and decrease in tissue level of nitrite. |
| 129 | 19934006 | Human recombinant ACE2 increased ANG 1-7 levels, lowered ANG II levels, and reduced NADPH oxidase activity. mRNA levels for p47(phox) and NOX2 and protein levels for protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) and PKCbeta1 were also normalized by treatment with hrACE2. |
| 130 | 20569275 | As protein kinase C (PKC) activation is consistently present in skeletal muscle of obese and insulin resistant subjects, we generated a transgenic mouse model that overexpresses constitutively active PKC-beta(2) in skeletal muscle to test whether activation of PKC is sufficient to cause an aversive whole-body phenotype. |
| 131 | 18475668 | In contrast, IFN-gamma, which does not activate p21(ras), is not inhibited by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors but by those of the G-protein pathway. |
| 132 | 18511290 | The Ser/Thr-specific phosphatase PHLPP [pleckstrin homology (PH) domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase] provides 'the brakes' for Akt and protein kinase C (PKC) signaling. |
| 133 | 20714510 | Expression of D4 or administration of a peptide mimicking the PED/PEA15 region involved in this interaction to cells stably overexpressing PED/PEA15 reduces its interaction with PLD1, thereby lowering PKC-alpha activation and restoring normal glucose transport mediated by PKC-zeta. |
| 134 | 20714510 | This region binds PED/PEA15 with the same efficacy as D4 (K(D) approximately 0.7 microM) and, when transfected in different PED/PEA15-overexpressing cells, it is able to reduce PKC-alpha activity and to restore the sensitivity of PKC-zeta to insulin stimulation, independently of the PI3K/Akt signalling. |
| 135 | 20713153 | CD44 stimulation activates the protein kinase C (PKC) family which in turn activates the transcriptional nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) responsible for the expression of the inflammation mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). |
| 136 | 21136963 | Mediators of insulin resistance operate through activation of various protein kinase C isoforms, I?B kinase ? (IKK?), and/or c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and subsequent inhibition of the proximal insulin signaling pathway via the insulin receptor substrate 1 and Akt. |
| 137 | 21136963 | Of interest, the increase in protein kinase C signaling responses with phorbol esters was associated with activation of the lipid phosphatase PTEN and a 27?kDa HSP. |
| 138 | 21270262 | These changes in lipid homeostasis were accompanied by in vivo insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance and associated with increased phosphorylation of protein kinase C , inhibition of insulin receptor substrate 1, and a decreased activation of protein kinase B (PKB; also known as Akt) in liver and skeletal muscle in response to insulin. |
| 139 | 21451535 | Protein kinase C inhibitors are able to overcome insulin resistance, offering new hopes for the treatment of the condition. |
| 140 | 10751221 | It has been shown that glomerular ANG II receptors are downregulated and protein kinase C (PKC) activity is enhanced in diabetes mellitus. |
| 141 | 10751221 | PKCalpha, PKCdelta, PKCepsilon, and PKCmu isoforms found in preglomerular vessels were upregulated by captopril and high insulin doses, respectively, whereas no such regulation occurred in glomeruli. |
| 142 | 11457715 | The EGF effect depended on activation of its receptor tyrosine kinase but not on that of protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, or phosphoinositide-3 kinase. |
| 143 | 17522264 | Ruboxistaurin is an inhibitor of the beta isoform of protein kinase C (PKC-beta) that reduces the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and attenuates the progression of diabetic retinopathy. |
| 144 | 17567939 | Insulin increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity and caused G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) translocation to the membranes. |
| 145 | 19019916 | Exposure of MCs to AOPPs, through membrane-associated phosphorylation of PKCalpha, induced rapid phosphorylation of cytosolic p47(phox) and its membrane translocation, enhanced interaction of p47(phox) with the membrane components p22(phox) and Nox4, and increased expression of these key regulatory subunits of NADPH oxidase. |
| 146 | 21261520 | Such cellular events include excessive channeling of glucose intermediaries into various metabolic pathways with generation of advanced glycation products, activation of protein kinase C, increased expression of transforming growth factor ? and GTP-binding proteins, and generation of reactive oxygen species. |
| 147 | 21464441 | PI3K p110-?, and not p110-?, promotes liver steatosis in mice fed an HFD. p110-? might exert this effect in part through activation of atypical protein kinase C, upregulation of lipogenesis, and increased uptake of fatty acids. |
| 148 | 18250273 | Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells or bovine aortic endothelial cells to metformin significantly increased AMPK activity and the phosphorylation of both AMPK at Thr172 and LKB1 at Ser428, an AMPK kinase, which was paralleled by increased activation of protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta, as evidenced by increased activity, phosphorylation (Thr410/403), and nuclear translocation of PKC-zeta. |
| 149 | 21456600 | PCA treatments also dose-dependently decreased the renal level of type-IV collagen, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor-?1 (p < 0.05), as well as dose-dependently diminished renal protein kinase C (PKC) activity (p < 0.05); however, PCA treatments only at 4% suppressed renal mRNA expression of PKC-? and PKC-beta (p < 0.05). |
| 150 | 21467195 | Mesenteric fat from NK-1R KO mice fed with HFD has reduced stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase and protein kinase C activation compared with WT mice. |
| 151 | 20419132 | We can demonstrate that PKCalpha mediates nephrin endocytosis in podocytes and that overexpression of PKCalpha leads to an augmented endocytosis response. |
| 152 | 16203173 | Other studies have shown defects in insulin signaling possibly secondary to activation of Protein Kinase C resulting from the accumulation of active fatty acyl CoA's. |
| 153 | 18323518 | Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates proangiogenic signal transduction and cell function in part through activation of protein kinase C (PKC). |
| 154 | 18323518 | In contrast, PKC-alpha knockdown increased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, whereas PKCdelta knockdown had no significant effect. |
| 155 | 18323518 | By regulating VEGFR2 expression and activation, PKC-epsilon expression is critical for activation of Akt and eNOS by VEGF and contributes to VEGF-stimulated Erk activation, whereas PKC-alpha has opposite effects. |
| 156 | 21525431 | The present study was performed to investigate the underlying mechanism, particularly the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein kinase C (PKC), in the diabetes-induced canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) downregulation. |
| 157 | 21810595 | By analogy to pancreatic ?-cells where GLP-1 activates protein kinase C (PKC) to stimulate insulin secretion, we postulated that PKC enzymes would be molecular targets of brain GLP-1 signaling that regulate metabolic and vascular function. |
| 158 | 21622157 | This induction process was rapidly stimulated by a protein kinase C (PKC) activator and blocked by a PKC inhibitor, suggesting that SHARP-2 may be induced via PKC activation. |
| 159 | 15086914 | Protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition by GF109203X and PKC down-regulation with long-time phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) treatment both inhibited BMK1 and Src kinase activation. |
| 160 | 22009727 | Preincubation of human mesenteric preadipocytes with the protein kinase C pseudosubstrate inhibitor reduced insulin receptor substrate 1 phosphorylation in response to SP. |