# |
PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
21143387
|
In cardiomyocytes, CM from EAT of HFD-fed animals increased SMAD2-phosphorylation, a marker for activin A-signalling, decreased sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a expression, and reduced insulin-mediated phosphorylation of Akt-Ser473 versus CM from SAT and standard diet-fed animals.
|
2 |
15840669
|
The expression of alpha3(IV) collagen was influenced by the TGF-beta system, but AngII did not increase the podocyte's production of TGF-beta1 ligand; rather, it increased the expression of the TGF-beta type II receptor and activated the TGF-beta signalling system through Smad2.
|
3 |
16556868
|
Finally, activation of Smad3 but not Smad2 was a key and necessary mechanism of Ang II-induced vascular fibrosis because Ang II induced Smad3/4 promoter activities and collagen matrix expression was abolished in VSMCs null for Smad3 but not Smad2.
|
4 |
16556868
|
Activation of Smad3 but not Smad2 is a key mechanism by which Ang II mediates arteriosclerosis.
|
5 |
17427197
|
TGF-beta1, via TGF-beta receptors I (TbetaRI) and TbetaRII, activates Smad2 and mitogen-activated protein kinases p44 and p42 (p42/44(mapk)).
|
6 |
18951876
|
In this study, human insulin promoter was activated by Smad2, Smad3 and the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX-1) in the ALK7 pathway.
|
7 |
19188426
|
Furthermore, we investigated other possible mechanisms involved in this pathogenesis: alterations in the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or phosphorylated Smad2 (the latter can be induced by both glycation products and VEGF).
|
8 |
20530742
|
Sustained activation or inhibition of the activin A pathway impairs or promotes, respectively, adipocyte differentiation via the C/EBP?-LAP and Smad2 pathway in an autocrine/paracrine manner.
|
9 |
17267584
|
Pioglitazone rapidly increased the extracellular TGF-beta1 levels and concomitantly induced phosphorylation of Smad2 in VSMC from DP and NDP.
|
10 |
9436357
|
Smad family members (Smad 1, Smad 2, Smad 3 and Smad 4) are expressed in the cultured retinal pigmant epithelial cell line (D407), in which TGF-beta and activin A stimulate the translocation of Smad 2, but not Smad 1 into nuclei, whereas bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulates that of Smad 1, but not Smad 2.
|
11 |
21628466
|
Interestingly, treatment of naïve INS-1 cells or murine organotypic islet cultures with recombinant human BMP-3 potently increased their insulin levels and restored the decrease in SMAD2 phosphorylation and insulin gene expression induced by the HNF1A frameshift mutation.
|