Ignet

Gene Pair Information

Gene Pair: GAD1, IDDM2

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	2039509	These results which suggest that different isomeric forms of human GAD exist in brain and pancreas may be relevant to the pathogenesis of stiff man syndrome (SMS) and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), respectively, two distinct but associated clinical disorders in which GAD is the target of autoantibodies.
2	1924335	The expressed rat islet 67-kDa GAD protein is functional and is immunoprecipitated by IDDM sera; it comigrates electrophoretically with the 67-kDa islet autoantigen.
3	1612192	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is associated with antibodies to a 64,000-M(r) islet cell protein, at least part of which is identified as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).
4	1612192	We determined the frequencies of antibodies to intact GAD, tryptic fragments of islet 64,000-M(r) antigen, islet cell antibodies (ICAs), and insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) in sera from 58 nondiabetic identical twins of patients with IDDM, of whom 12 subsequently developed diabetes.
5	1409709	Brain GAD activity was precipitated by noninhibitory antibodies in the sera of 16/26 (62%) subjects defined as having preclinical IDDM (islet cell antibody-positive first-degree relatives of a person with IDDM), 3/13 (23%) with recent-onset IDDM, and 3/3 with the stiff man syndrome.
6	1409709	Thus, overall, 21/26 (81%) preclinical and 5/13 (38%) recent-onset IDDM subjects had antibodies that precipitated GAD activity.
7	1409709	GAD affinity-purified to homogeneity (specific activity, 58 units/mg) was specifically immunoprecipitated as a single 60-kDa species by the IDDM sera.
8	1464667	Recent data suggest that the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) may be a primary beta-cell antigen involved in the autoimmune response leading to insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
9	1489487	The majority of the 64 kDa protein was co-precipitated with GAD enzymatic activity from pro-islets by either IDDM sera or a sheep anti-GAD serum.
10	7505244	Two of four SMS patients' sera and 5 of 5 APS I patients' sera, in contrast to 0 of 7 IDDM patients' sera, inhibited the enzymatic activity of GAD.
11	7911924	T lymphocytes from IDDM patients recognise a distinct dominant epitope of GAD, which may be an important target for the disease process.
12	7912208	None had whole islet ICA or antibodies to the non-GAD-derived 37k islet antigen, which appear to be more closely associated with IDDM than antibodies to GAD.
13	7523207	The immunoreactivity of the mouse and IDDM sera to P2-C and GAD65 peptides was blocked by pre-adsorption with mouse GAD.
14	7888043	Significant inhibition of GAD enzymatic activity by serum immunoglobulins, a potential cause of false-negative results in our immunoprecipitation assay, was not detected in seven subjects who developed IDDM in the absence of GADAb.
15	7532143	However, the IDDM epitopes have been difficult to further define because the antibodies do not bind GAD protein fragments or synthetic peptides.
16	7532143	We find that the GAD binding present in most IDDM sera (n = 11 of 12) is composed of two distinct GAD antibody specificities that target different conformation-dependent regions of the GAD65 protein, one that is located between amino acids 240 and 435 (termed IDDM-E1) and one that is located between amino acids 451 and 570 (termed IDDM-E2).
17	7626550	Among autoantibodies detected in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), antibodies to 64,000(Mr) islet protein(64k), now recognized as glutamic acid decarboxylase(GAD), appear to be an even more predictive marker of IDDM than islet cytoplasmic antibody (ICA) or insulin autoantibody (IAA).
18	9850811	The presence of ICA and GAD-autoantibodies in pregnancy was associated with later development of IDDM.
19	11795511	Beta cell-specific suppression of GAD expression in NOD mice results in the prevention of IDDM.
20	12750767	Offspring who developed autoantibodies to multiple antigens had increased frequencies of both high risk IDDM1 and IDDM2 genotypes (p<0.0001), whereas offspring who developed autoantibodies to GAD only had increased frequencies of high risk IDDM1 and protective IDDM2 genotypes, suggesting that IDDM2 influences the autoimmune target specificity.