Ignet

Gene Pair Information

Gene Pair: INS, GIP

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	21820006	Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the two primary incretin hormones secreted from the intestine upon ingestion of glucose or nutrients to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic ? cells.
2	21958333	The incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulate glucose-induced insulin secretion; however, in patients with type 2 diabetes, the incretin system is impaired by loss of the insulinotropic effects of GIP as well as a possible reduction in secretion of GLP-1.
3	323091	In in-vitro experiments with isolated pancreatic islets, GIP significantly augmented insulin release induced by either 8.3 mM or 16.7 mM glucose, whereas the augmentation of glucagon release was observed at 3.3 mM, 8.3 MM, and 16.7 mM glucose concentrations.
4	323091	Three peptides, consisting of 1-28, 22-43, and 15-43 amino acids of GIP, failed to potentiate insulin and glucagon secretion.
5	400725	Insulin treatment did not affect the GIP, glucagon-like immunoreactivity, or IRG responses to oral glucose.
6	457845	An insulin infusion test was administered to test the hypothesis that insulin suppresses GIP secretion.
7	457845	These results do not support a direct role for insulin in suppressing GIP in normal or diabetic subjects.
8	510813	Fat feeding stimulated the release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) without concomitant insulin secretion.
9	6986299	The infusion of insulin alone (in the presence of elevated glucose levels) or together with glucose significantly suppressed the IR-GIP rise after fat ingestion, but it did not alter the GIP response to oral glucose.
10	6995476	Glucose-dependent insulin-releasing peptide or gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is released into the circulation after ingestion of a mixed meal and is thought to enhance glucose-induced insulin release.
11	6400703	In this study the effect on blood glucose, serum insulin, C-peptide, and plasma gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) of giving 75 g glucose in 300 ml over 1 and 10 min (G1 and G10) was investigated in six subjects.
12	6373459	GIP increased the insulin response to 300 mg/dl glucose threefold in both lean and obese rats.
13	6373459	At basal glucose levels (80 mg/dl), GIP augmented insulin release in obese but not in lean rats.
14	6373459	GIP infusion to achieve levels equivalent to those seen in the basal state are capable of stimulating insulin release in the absence of hyperglycemia in the obese rat, which suggests an impairment of the regulatory mechanisms controlling the glucose-dependent insulinotropic action of GIP in these animals.
15	3900134	Infusion of GIP with peripheral intravenous glucose did not increase hepatic uptake of glucose or the fractional hepatic extraction of insulin compared with peripheral intravenous glucose alone.
16	3910488	To investigate whether metabolic decompensation has an effect on gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), 8 fasting male type 1 diabetics were deprived of insulin for 12 h.
17	2959439	Guar ingestion reduced postprandial insulin and enteroglucagon responses, the latter significantly so, but had no apparent effect on gastric inhibitory polypeptide, pancreatic glucagon, gastrin, and pancreatic polypeptide.
18	3057329	Increasing doses of Bay 1099 were found to decrease the postprandial rise in serum glucose concentration, delay the time to peak insulin concentration, and decrease the output of GIP after the meal.
19	2146178	In diabetic rats, the infusion of 1 nM GLP-I or GIP in perfusates with varying glucose concentrations (2.8, 5.6, 8.3, 11.1, or 22.2 mM) caused a nearly equal degree of insulin stimulation from a similar basal insulin level.
20	1984341	Thus, in NIDDM subjects, glucose and insulin responses to different mixed meals do not appear to be exclusively mediated by GIP.
21	1645253	Prior exposure of cells to 100 nmol/liter GLP-(7-37) (10 min) did not alter the GIP-induced (10 nmol/liter) insulin release, but 100 nmol/liter GIP (10 min) reduced the insulin secretion during stimulation with 10 nmol/liter GIP by 56%.
22	1683622	CCK-8, CCK-33, and GIP were all found to increase the basal plasma levels of insulin, somatostatin, and PP; the increases were observed already in samples taken at 2 min after the injection.
23	1683622	CCK-8, CCK-33, and GIP (100 pmol/kg) all potentiated the meal-induced plasma responses of insulin and PP, whereas plasma levels of glucagon after the meal were not affected.
24	8380389	Using the glucose-responsive hamster beta-cell line (hamster insulin tumor cells), we examined the cellular mechanisms by which gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide I(7-37) (GLP-I) potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
25	8380389	This study establishes that GIP and GLP-I potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by increasing extracellular Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.
26	8419907	If 11.1 mM glucose perifusion in the presence of GIP was preceded by 5.5 mM glucose alone, the integrated insulin secretion/20 min above basal level was attenuated (1.46 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.37 +/- 0.03 ng; p < 0.01, n = 6), and withdrawal of GIP from the perifusion buffer resulted in the restoration of 11.1 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (1.46 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.98 +/- 0.12 ng).
27	8419907	These observations are consistent with a hypothesis that during a low glucose condition, GIP prevents the risk of hypoglycemia by suppressing insulin secretion, while during a high glucose load, glucose-induced insulin stimulation is potentiated by GIP, presumably to prevent hyperglycemia.
28	8423228	Both GIP and GLP-1 [7-36 amide] dose-dependently augmented insulin secretion (insulin, C-peptide) in both groups (P < 0.05).
29	7589426	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) plays an important role in the regulation of postprandial insulin secretion and proinsulin gene expression of pancreatic beta-cells.
30	8922354	Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) potently stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic islets in the presence of glucose as an incretin.
31	8922354	Because the insulinotropic effect of GIP is reduced in NIDDM, it should be clarified whether defects in the GIP receptor gene contribute to the impaired insulin secretion in NIDDM.
32	10611300	Accordingly, early insulin secretion mediated by GIP determines glucose tolerance after oral glucose load in vivo, and because GIP plays an important role in the compensatory enhancement of insulin secretion produced by a high insulin demand, a defect in this entero-insular axis may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
33	10634963	The insulinotropic hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36 amide) (GLP-1), regulate insulin secretion to nutrient intake and constitute the endocrine arm of the entero-insular axis.
34	11110661	A tumor-derived K-cell line was induced to produce human insulin by providing the cells with the human insulin gene linked to the 5'-regulatory region of the gene encoding glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).
35	12137960	However, the physiological importance of GIP in the regulation of insulin secretion has been shown to even exceed that of GLP-1.
36	12150711	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an important incretin hormone, which potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion.
37	12150711	This was associated with a significantly greater AUC for insulin (2.1-fold; P <0.001) for both analogues compared with native GIP.
38	12475913	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted postprandially and acts in concert with glucose to stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas.
39	12540373	The incretins glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are gut hormones that act via the enteroinsular axis to potentiate insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner.
40	14514604	Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) exert important effects on beta-cells to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
41	15383372	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulates glucose homeostasis and high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
42	15604213	In this study, we explored whether DPP-4 inhibition by valine-pyrrolidide (val-pyr; 100 micromol/kg administered through gastric gavage at t = -30 min) affects the insulin and glucose responses to iv glucose (1 g/kg) together with GLP-1 (10 nmol/kg), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; 10 nmol/kg), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP38; 1.3 nmol/kg), or gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP; 20 nmol/kg) given at t = 0 in anesthetized C57BL/6J mice.
43	15780434	Preservation of the insulin response to parenteral glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), contrasting with lack of stimulation of insulin secretion by the other known incretin gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), prompted studies with exogenous GLP-1 in recent-onset Type 1 diabetes.
44	15842525	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) are important insulinotropic hormones that enhance the insulin secretory response to feeding.
45	15886226	The latter is also dependent on stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).
46	16995414	Incretin effect of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is significantly involved in the insulin secretion which is modulated by many other hormones.
47	17416796	Incretin (gastric inhibitory peptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) levels and their effect on insulin secretion were measured before and 1 month after RY-GBP in eight obese women with type 2 diabetes and in seven obese nondiabetic control subjects.
48	17609256	Therefore, we determined insulin clearance in response to endogenously secreted and exogenously administered GIP and GLP-1.
49	17609256	The endogenous secretion of GIP or GLP-1 was unrelated to the changes in insulin clearance.
50	17937928	We therefore conclude that genetic inactivation of GIP signaling can prevent the development of aging-associated insulin resistance through body composition changes.
51	17971513	Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin that potentiates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells by binding to GIP receptor (GIPR) and subsequently increasing the level of intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP).
52	17971513	In high-fat diet-fed obese mice (HFD mice), blood glucose levels were maintained by compensatory increased insulin secretion (n = 8, P < 0.05), and cAMP production (n = 6, P < 0.01) and insulin secretion (n = 10, P < 0.05) induced by GIP were significantly increased in isolated islets, suggesting hypersensitivity of the GIPR.
53	18333892	However, hyperglycaemia and glycated haemoglobin were worsened, glucose tolerance further decreased and insulin sensitivity was impaired by (Pro3)GIP.
54	18333892	These data indicate that the beneficial actions of the GIP-R antagonist, (Pro3)GIP, in obesity-diabetes appear to be largely mediated through insulin-dependent mechanisms that merit further investigation.
55	19375579	Plasma concentrations of GIP and GLP-1 were determined frequently during a 75-g glucose tolerance test, and insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.
56	19332493	The increased insulin secretion may compensate for hepatic insulin resistance possibly mediated by elevated GIP secretion.
57	20200305	Changes in insulin secretion were directly related to the GIP responses to oral glucose (r = 0.64, P = 0.005), which were augmented in the obese-type 2 diabetic group and only moderately suppressed in the obese-NGT group.
58	20580750	This study investigated the glucagon-releasing properties of the hormones glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in 8 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without paracrine intraislet influence of insulin (C-peptide negative following a 5 g intravenous arginine stimulation; on study days only treated with basal insulin substitution).
59	20585935	The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms through which a high-fat diet (HFD) induces insulin resistance and insulin hypersecretion by focusing on the effects on enteroendocrine cells, especially those secreting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).
60	20584260	The aim of this study was to investigate effects of GIP and GLP-1 on gastric emptying and appetite after a mixed meal, and effects on insulin secretion and glucose disposal in humans.
61	21086586	It increases the circulating levels of incretin hormones (GLP-1, GIP), which contributes to amplify the insulin secretory response to meals and to reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia and, subsequently, fasting glycaemia.
62	20871975	The incretin hormones gastric inhibitory polypeptide and especially glucagon-like peptide (GLP) have an important physiological function in augmenting postprandial insulin secretion.
63	21194578	The incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1), which are secreted by cells of the gastrointestinal tract in response to meal ingestion, exercise important glucoregulatory effects, including the glucose-dependent potentiation of insulin secretion by pancreatic ?-cells.
64	21270265	GIP is an incretin, known to modulate glucose-induced insulin secretion.
65	21270265	Here we studied the role of GIP signaling in insulin-positive differentiation in the embryonic mouse pancreas.
66	21270265	Morpholine-ring antisense or siRNA against either GIP ligand or GIP receptor both inhibited the differentiation of insulin-positive cells.
67	21270265	GIP signaling may play a role in early embryonic pancreas differentiation to form insulin-positive cells or ?-cells.
68	20698813	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone that potentiates nutrient-induced insulin release.
69	21095180	Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is released from the small intestine upon meal ingestion and increases insulin secretion from pancreatic ? cells.
70	21047927	We aimed to determine the impact of insulin resistance and reduced glucose tolerance on postprandial GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon responses in healthy subjects.
71	21330636	With GIP alone, glucose was lowered slightly (P = 0.0021); insulin and C-peptide were stimulated to a lesser degree than with GLP-1 (P < 0.001).
72	21330636	Adding GIP to GLP-1 did not further enhance the insulinotropic activity of GLP-1 (insulin, P = 0.90; C-peptide, P = 0.85).
73	21245029	GIP acted synergistically with insulin to increase neutral lipid accumulation during progression of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to the adipocyte phenotype.
74	20185813	The insulinotropic effect of GIP was significantly reduced, whereas insulin secretion in response to the GLP-1 receptor agonist exendin-4 was enhanced in GIPR(dn) transgenic versus control pigs.
75	20332343	Thiazolidinedione activation (72 h) of this pathway in normal mouse islets caused a threefold increase of GIP-R protein and a doubling of insulin secretion to 16.7 mmol/l glucose/10 nmol/l GIP.
76	21620903	In ob/ob islets the insulinotropic peptides glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP suppressed NOS activities and amplified glucose-stimulated insulin release.
77	21595261	Incretin hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, contribute to whole body glucose homeostasis by modulating secretion of islet hormones, insulin, glucagon and somatostatin.
78	21595271	Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP) function as incretin and stimulate glucose-mediated insulin production by pancreatic beta cells.
79	21595285	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP) has been known as a peptide hormone with the effects not only of the augmentation of glucose induced insulin secretion but of the fat accumulation in adipocytes, of the bone formation and of the modulation of brain function.
80	21539943	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an insulinotropic incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion during a meal.
81	21851286	Exogenous GIP enhanced (p < 0.05) glucose-lowering in all groups of rats accompanied by insulin releasing (p < 0.001) effects in insulinoma-bearing and control rats.
82	22086011	Continual high-fat diet powerfully stimulated GIP secretion,leading to obesity and harmful lipid deposition in islet cells and peripheral tissues,and giving rise to insulin resistance and major disturbances in the secretion of insulin.
83	21984584	In contrast, GIP increases glucagon levels during fasting and hypoglycemic conditions, where it has little or no effect on insulin secretion.
84	22112254	GLP-1 and GIP are released in response to food ingestion; they enhance nutrient-induced insulin secretion and inhibit postprandial glucagon secretion.