Ignet

Gene Pair Information

Gene Pair: INS, IRS2

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	9399964	Thus, there are multiple alterations in the early steps of insulin signaling in the ob/ob mouse, with differential regulation of IRS-1 and IRS-2, various PI 3-kinase regulatory isoforms, and a lack of compensation for the decrease in insulin signaling by any of the known alternative pathways at these levels.
2	9519710	Englitazone did not increase IR, IRS-1/IRS-2, pp60, or MAPK phosphorylation, nor did it enhance insulin's stimulation of these parameters.
3	11259670	Insulin also inhibited transcription of a reporter gene driven by the human IRS-2 promoter that was transfected into freshly isolated rat hepatocytes.
4	11739098	After insulin injection, pY of the IR was not different between groups, whereas pY of IRS-1 and IRS-2 was reduced (P < 0.05) in HSD vs.
5	11812758	In wild-type (WT) mice, insulin increased IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation (approximately 2.5-fold) and IRS-2-associated PI 3-kinase activity (approximately 3-fold).
6	11812758	In conclusion, IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation and associated PI 3-kinase activity are markedly enhanced by insulin in the immediate period after exercise.
7	11812758	IRS-2 signaling can partially account for the increase in insulin-stimulated phosphotyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity after exercise.
8	11916925	This insulin resistance was associated with impaired insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2-associated phosphatidylinositol 3' (PI3) kinase activation and IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation as well as significantly decreased protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta/lambda activation in response to insulin.
9	11964395	Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, and associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase were normal in TG mice, whereas IRS-2 protein and phosphorylation were down-regulated compared with control mice.
10	12493745	Insulin-positive beta-cells were decreased to nearly zero in IRS-2(-/-) mice with diabetes.
11	12941762	The lack of IRS-2 did not result in enhanced IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation or IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase activity on insulin stimulation.
12	12941762	Total insulin-induced PI 3-kinase activity was decreased by 50% in IRS-2(-/-) hepatocytes, but the translocation of PI-3,4,5-trisphosphate to the plasma membrane in these cells was almost completely abolished.
13	12941762	Reconstitution of IRS-2(-/-) hepatocytes with adenoviral IRS-2 restored activation of these pathways, demonstrating that IRS-2 is essential for functional insulin signaling in hepatocytes.
14	12941762	However, insulin was not able to suppress gluconeogenic gene expression in primary hepatocytes lacking IRS-2, but when IRS-2 signaling was reconstituted, these cells recovered this response to insulin.
15	14550282	Here we tested the hypothesis that the novel analog [LysB3, GluB29] insulin (insulin glulisine, IG) might mediate an enhanced beta-cell protective effect due to its unique property of preferential IRS-2 phosphorylation.
16	15467829	Diabetes resolved when the mice were between 6 and 10 months of age: functional beta cells expressing Irs2 repopulated the pancreas, restoring sufficient beta cell function to compensate for insulin resistance in the obese mice.
17	15845625	Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that insulin (10(4) microU/ml) alone or in combination with glucose (15 mm) markedly suppressed IRS-2 gene expression, whereas IRS-1 mRNA was unaffected by the culture conditions.
18	16170201	Pten insufficiency increased peripheral insulin sensitivity in wild type and Irs2(-/-) mice and increased Akt and Foxo1 phosphorylation in the islets.
19	16721034	The data revealed that the administration of a high dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight/day) of DEX (HDEX) attenuated insulin signaling in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, whereas exercise potentiated their insulin signaling along with induction of IRS2 expression.
20	16399506	Conversely, increased PI3K signaling induced by hypothalamic overexpression of either IRS-2 or protein kinase B (PKB, a key downstream mediator of PI3K action) enhanced the glycemic response to insulin by approximately 2-fold in STZ-DM rats.
21	16458527	The majority of the published literature in this field suggests that IRS1 is the major substrate leading to stimulation of glucose transport in muscle and adipose tissues, whereas in liver, IRS1 and IRS2 have complementary roles in insulin signaling and metabolism.
22	17127239	Future studies are necessary to determine whether IRS2 dysfunction may promote atherosclerosis in normoglycemic, pre-diabetic patients with clinical manifestations of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.
23	17952839	This reduction was associated with enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2 and serine (473) phosphporylation of Akt, indicating improved hepatic insulin signaling.
24	18202124	Insulin-stimulated IRS tyrosine phosphorylation was impaired by overepxression of PKC-zeta for IRS-1, -3, and -4 but not IRS-2.
25	18202124	That is, PI3K activity associated with IRS-2 in response to insulin was similar in control cells and cells overexpressing PKC-zeta.
26	19007436	In addition, a defect in insulin secretion could occur due to UPS-mediated degradation of IRS2 in the beta-cells of the pancreas.
27	19357831	In liver, as well as in muscle, IRS-2/PI3K activation by insulin was intact, whereas IRS-1/PI3K activation by insulin was impaired.
28	19357831	Moreover, hepatic IRS-2 is known to control hepatic aPKC during insulin activation.
29	19818665	These effects appeared to be independent of IRS-2, which is directly involved in insulin action.
30	18370645	More recent data on experimental atherosclerosis in the mouse shows that (1) insulin administration reduces the number and the size of atherosclerotic lesions in apo E null mice and (2) in IRS-2 null mice, the interruption in insulin signal transduction results in enhanced atherogenicity.
31	20947509	We conclude that Igf1r signals primarily through Irs1 and affects insulin secretion, whereas ? cell proliferation is mainly regulated by InsR using Irs2 as a downstream signaling effector.
32	20959116	Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was enhanced in islets from male null mice as compared to male WT whereas this response in female Irs-2(-/-) islets was identical to that of female controls.
33	20959116	The ability of ?(2)-adrenoceptor (?(2)-AR) agonists to inhibit insulin secretion was attenuated in male Irs2 null mice.
34	20028942	To define the relationship between these two signaling pathways in the regulation of liver metabolism, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to study the effects of inhibiting PTP1B on hepatic insulin signaling and expression of gluconeogenic enzymes in IRS2(-/-) mice.
35	20028942	Additionally, hepatic insulin signaling was assessed in control and IRS2(-/-) mice treated with resveratrol, an antioxidant present in red wine.
36	20028942	By regulating the phosphorylation state of IR, PTB1B determines sensitivity to insulin in liver and exerts a unique role in the interplay between IRS1 and IRS2 in the modulation of hepatic insulin action.
37	20466847	Genetic and biological studies have shown that reductions in IRS1 and/or IRS2 protein levels are associated with insulin resistance.
38	20466847	In this study we have shown that proteasome degradation of IRS1, but not of IRS2, is involved in HG-induced insulin resistance in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as in primary hepatocytes.
39	21356512	In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Kubota et al. (2011) show that deletion of IRS-2 in endothelial cells in mice causes impaired transcapillary insulin transport, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle, and mild glucose intolerance.
40	21356519	Moreover, restoration of insulin-induced eNOS phosphorylation in endothelial cells completely reverses the reduction in capillary recruitment and insulin delivery in tissue-specific knockout mice lacking Irs2 in endothelial cells and fed a high-fat diet.
41	21990351	Hepatic IRS2 protein was dramatically up-regulated in mice treated with T863, possibly contributing to improved insulin sensitivity.