Ignet

Gene Pair Information

Gene Pair: INS, LEP

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	21916833	Leptin secretion from white adipocytes curbs appetite to limit dietary nutrient intake and adipocyte TAG storage and, potentially, GSIS, thereby curtailing insulin-dependent TAG storage.
2	8666154	However, plasma insulin itself does not acutely regulate leptin production.
3	8784108	Serum leptin correlated positively with serum insulin (r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and with plasma glucose (r = 0.61, p < 0.001).
4	9389736	In all cases, mouse leptin inhibited insulin secretion at concentrations within the plasma range reported in humans.
5	9392477	Furthermore, TNF-alpha has distinct effects on adipose tissue including induction of insulin resistance, induction of leptin production, stimulation of lipolysis, suppression of lipogenesis, induction of adipocyte dedifferentiation, and impairment of preadipocyte differentiation in vitro.
6	9398728	In cultured adipocytes, leptin is increased by insulin and decreased by cAMP.
7	9398728	In animal models, insulin and agents that increase intracellular cAMP have been shown to similarly affect plasma leptin in vivo.
8	9399957	During physiologic hyperinsulinemia (insulin clamp), leptin markedly enhanced insulin action on both inhibition of hepatic glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake.
9	9421367	Leptin exposure (300 ng/ml) for 2 h did not alter the basal, submaximal, or maximal response of glucose transport to insulin in skeletal muscle (1.50 +/- 0.14, 4.76 +/- 0.58, and 9.04 +/- 1.09 micromol x ml-1 x h-1 for 0, 0.6, and 12.0 nmol/l insulin, respectively).
10	9421367	Similar to our findings in the epitrochlearis muscle, leptin had no direct effect on basal or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in soleus muscle from ob/ob or lean mice or adipocytes from normal mice.
11	9519716	In this study, we report that leptin inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion at lower concentrations ranging from 25 to 50 ng/ml using a static incubation method.
12	9519716	Leptin did not affect insulin secretion stimulated by glibenclamide (1 and 5 micromol/l) or forskolin (1 micromol/l).
13	9519716	Leptin (50 ng/ml) significantly inhibited insulin secretion induced by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) in the presence of Ca2+ but not in the absence of Ca2+.
14	9519718	In contrast, tenfold higher dosages of leptin had no effect on body weight, food intake, or circulating insulin or glucose concentrations of UCP-DTA mice.
15	9519720	The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that plasma leptin concentrations contributed to the pathophysiology of NIDDM by decreasing both insulin-mediated glucose disposal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.
16	9519720	When this was done, the significant relationship between leptin and SSPG disappeared, whereas both BMI (P < 0.03) and insulin response (P < 0.001) were correlated with SSPG.
17	9624635	Fasting leptin concentration correlated positively with BMI (r = 0.75, P < 0.001) and fasting insulin (r = 0.71, P < 0.01) in healthy men as well as with insulin level (r = 0.54, p < 0.05) in type 1 diabetic patients.
18	9625360	The data provide evidence that insulin may be of importance as a regulator of serum leptin levels in vivo not only in rodents but also in humans.
19	10604185	The production of leptin and tumour necrosis factor alpha by adipocytes provides a novel means of feedback control of triacylglycerol production, leptin by decreasing appetite and tumour necrosis factor alpha by inducing insulin resistance.
20	10619393	It is suggested that, through modulation of maternal insulin secretion and hepatic metabolism, leptin integrates maternal nutrient storage to the nutrient requirements of the fetus.
21	10969838	CLA supplementation decreased blood leptin levels, but continuous leptin infusion reversed hyperinsulinemia, indicating that leptin depletion contributes to the development of insulin resistance.
22	10969840	GLP-1 stimulates insulin biosynthesis, secretion, and islet growth, whereas leptin inhibits glucose-dependent insulin secretion and insulin gene transcription.
23	10969840	These findings illustrate that although leptin and GLP-1 actions overlap in the brain and endocrine pancreas, disruption of GLP-1 signaling does not modify the response to leptin or the phenotype of leptin deficiency in the ob/ob mouse, as assessed by long-term control of body weight or the adaptive beta-cell response to insulin resistance in vivo.
24	10989952	It generates insulin-like signals for glucose transport and glycogen synthesis via leptin receptors and the PI3-kinase and could, therefore, play a role as a mediator of obesity-related insulin resistance.
25	11150869	To investigate the changes in leptin levels and the relationship between this substance and insulin and glucose in pregnant women with gestational-onset diabetes, we measured plasma leptin levels in the maternal peripheral vein of 17 healthy and 17 diabetic women at 29 and 33 weeks of gestation.
26	11150869	We conclude that leptin levels are elevated in pregnant women with gestational diabetes, and its metabolism depends on insulin levels and the severity of diabetes.
27	11257313	However, in the case of OLETF rats, leptin administration changed neither plasma insulin levels nor insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.
28	11274900	In male and female patients, leptin levels were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, insulin level, triglyceride (TG) level, total abdominal fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFS), and subcutaneous fat area (SFA).
29	11712415	Moderate reduction of PPAR gamma activity by PPAR gamma/RXR inhibitors decreases TG content of WAT/muscle/liver due to increased leptin and increase in fatty-acid combustion and decrease in lipogenesis, thereby ameliorating HF diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
30	11795485	The role of leptin in the control of obesity, insulin resistance and type II diabetes has been reported, however, the regulatory mechanism of leptin in animals affected by hormones is not clearly understood.
31	11795485	In this study, the effects of insulin, epinephrine, growth hormone or dexamethasone on the expression of leptin was examined in mouse primary adipocytes.
32	11795485	The leptin expression was also studied in the adipose tissue of the mouse treated with insulin or growth hormone (0.3 or 0.6 units/animal).
33	11795485	Insulin (100 nM) or dexamethasone (100 nM) stimulated leptin mRNA transcription while epinephrine (100 nM) alleviated its transcription in mouse primary adipocytes.
34	11795485	These results indicate that both insulin and dexamethasone stimulate leptin gene expression and secretion of its product, whereas, growth hormone has no effect on the expression of leptin gene in mouse adipocytes.
35	11817710	Serum insulin levels decreased with weight loss similar in magnitude to that noted for leptin; however, the insulin changes occurred more rapidly.
36	11904148	Leptin effects on insulin release were also measured.
37	11916920	Increased fat mass, abdominal adiposity, and insulin resistance are typical findings in aging mammals and are frequently associated with leptin resistance and increased plasma leptin levels.
38	11919153	Centrally administered leptin did not affect peripheral insulin levels.
39	11931352	Lack of modulation by short-term fasting and some other ingestive peptides that may interact with GLP-1, including leptin, glucagon, insulin, neuropeptide Y, and melanin-concentrating hormone. 4.
40	11934674	Diabetic animals exhibited insulin resistance, whereas intracerebroventricular leptin significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity, as indicated by decreased SSPG.
41	11987032	By multivariate analyses, child leptin for the total study group was significantly associated with child body mass index (BMI) (R(2) = 0.65; p < 0.0001), child fasting insulin (R(2) = 0.08; p = 0.03), and female gender (R(2) = 0.28; p = 0.001).
42	11923308	In doubly mutant Lep(ob/ob) x Srebp-1(-/-) mice, fatty livers were markedly attenuated, but obesity and insulin resistance remained persistent.
43	12583603	Leptin production in the placenta is also increased in diabetic pregnancy with insulin treatment.
44	12626032	In conclusion, increased TNF-alpha and leptin levels may contribute to insulin resistance in GDM and in the third trimester of normal pregnancy and may negatively influence the anthropometric parameters of the newborns.
45	12679437	Across a spectrum of subjects with diabetes, impaired fasting glucose/mild diabetes, or BMI-matched nondiabetic controls, normalized leptin significantly correlated with glucose-induced insulin release, but not with insulin sensitivity.
46	12689528	Leptin levels were positively correlated with serum insulin and C-peptide levels.
47	12829648	In the central nervous system, insulin directly decreases hunger sensation but could also act indirectly by modulating ghrelin and leptin secretion.
48	12920661	This study set out to define relationships between changes in plasma leptin and changes in body weight, plasma insulin and blood glucose control during a 12-month crossover study of once-daily Ultratard or twice-daily Insulatard insulin.
49	12941435	In mice treated with streptozotocin, which depletes insulin, 5-HTP did not increase serum leptin levels.
50	14510865	Leptin may be a marker of risk of CHD, at least in men, and contribute to the CHD risk profile in subjects with insulin resistance.
51	14871885	Here, we explore whether 1) glucose, metformin, or leptin regulates AMPK activity in isolated islets from rodent and human and 2) whether changes in AMPK activity modulate insulin secretion from human islets.
52	14871885	Incubation with metformin (0.2-1 mM) activated AMPK in both human islets and MIN6 beta-cells in parallel with an inhibition of insulin secretion, whereas leptin (10-100 nM) was without effect in MIN6 cells.
53	15161768	We recently reported that a genomic region close to the leptin locus was linked to fasting insulin response to exercise training in nondiabetic white subjects.
54	15161768	We also found an interaction between the LEP A19G and LEPR K109R polymorphisms on the change in fasting insulin in whites (P = 0.010).
55	15059949	We studied the effects of genetic background on the phenotype of ob/ob mice, a model of severe obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes caused by leptin deficiency.
56	15465737	Furthermore, plasma leptin was positively correlated with plasma insulin level (r = 0.578, P < 0.01) and body weight (r = 0.541, P < 0.05), and was inversely correlated with the blood glucose level (r = -0.46, P < 0.05).
57	16114542	Rosiglitazone can reduce FPG level and serum leptin and improve the insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
58	15945346	MIRKO mouse adipose tissue increased secretion of adiponectin that increases the insulin sensitivity and do not alter the leptin production.
59	15950750	One function of insulin is to signal high extracellular glucose, while leptin may signal the abundance of extracellular lipid, both energy sources being readily utilized by muscle.
60	15950750	Insulin alone down-regulated the leptin signaling pathway, JAK-2 association with ObR decreased at all time-points, and JAK-2 phosphorylation decreased similarly.
61	15960859	Administration of leptin during pregnancy and lactation to these protein-restricted dams produces offspring that have increased metabolic rate and do not become obese or insulin resistant when fed on a high-fat diet.
62	15983199	This ectopic fat, along with the deficiency in leptin signaling and perhaps other adipokines, likely contributes to insulin resistance, diabetes, and hepatic steatosis.
63	16080843	To investigate the effect of TNFalpha and leptin in obesity and insulin resistance. 84 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 84 nondiabetic persons were included in this study.
64	16080843	The synergistic effect of TNFalpha and leptin may induce insulin secretion, which in turn leads to insulin resistance.
65	16093575	Troglitazone improved insulin sensitivity (mean increase in whole body glucose uptake 23.1 +/- 10.5% (p = 0.047)) and normalised plasma concentrations of hsCRP, tPA and TNF-alpha, whereas it did not significantly change IL-6, leptin and PAI-1.
66	16306356	Leptin inhibits insulin secretion and preproinsulin gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells, but signal transduction pathways and molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly characterized.
67	16306372	Diet-induced whole-body insulin resistance was associated with increased circulating levels of resistin and leptin but unaltered adiponectin levels.
68	16204328	Serum ghrelin levels had decreased (p 0.03) and leptin had increased (p 0.02), while adiponectin and insulin levels had not significantly changed at Week 4 (p 0.29 and p 0.25, respectively).
69	16210367	Because the central administration of leptin is capable of preventing the inhibitory effects of fasting on TRH mRNA in hypophysiotropic neurons primarily through effects on the arcuate nucleus, we determined whether the continuous administration of 30 mU/d insulin or 648 microg/d glucose into the cerebrospinal fluid by osmotic minipump might also have similar effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis.
70	16210367	We conclude that insulin and glucose only partially replicate the central effects of leptin and may not be essential components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid regulatory system during fasting.
71	16373895	Racial differences in insulin sensitivity remained significant (P < 0.01) after controlling for leptin and visceral adipose tissue but not (P > 0.05) after additional adjustment for adiponectin.
72	16373904	Insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, eNOS, and leptin at follow-up were significantly reduced in the pioglitazone group compared with the control group.
73	16122839	We examined if old rats were resistant to the effects of leptin on glucose stimulated insulin secretion.
74	16122839	ICV infusion of leptin elicited a partial effect on glucose stimulated insulin secretion in the old (25.7+/-2.5 to 15.4+/-2.4 versus 24.4+/-2.4 to 19.0+/-2.0 in young versus old, respectively) suggesting that part of the leptin resistance was beyond the BBB.
75	16038995	Endogenous insulin was significantly associated with CHD in a model controlling for gender, age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, smoking and leptin (Odds ratio 1.45 per decile, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.90).
76	16038995	Leptin might have a beneficial effect on CHD in type 2 diabetes, probably by counteracting the effect of insulin-like molecules or insulin resistance.
77	16624268	Serum leptin levels did not correlate significantly with HbA1c, disease duration or daily insulin dose but, correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) and fat mass (FM) in patients as in controls.
78	17003330	Here, we demonstrate that when expressed on a hyperphagic ob/ob background, the P465L PPARgamma mutant grossly exacerbates the insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances associated with leptin deficiency, yet reduces whole-body adiposity and adipocyte size.
79	16778068	Insulin-deficient rats (streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg) were used to examine the effects of leptin on glucose homeostasis independent of changes in insulin.
80	16343040	Leptin and adiponectin, two adipocytokines, may work together in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin action.
81	16962683	Thus, the efficacy of increased leptin afferent signaling in the hypothalamus to persistently restrain pancreatic insulin release and insulin resistance can be explored as an adjunct therapeutic modality to alleviate pathophysiological derrangements that confer type 2 diabetes.
82	17322479	Further adjustment for insulin resistance made minor differences to the IL-6 diabetes relationship (adjusted RR 2.12 [1.18-3.81]), weakened the associations with adiponectin (0.59 [0.33-1.04]), and abolished the association between leptin and diabetes (1.12 [0.55-2.26]).
83	17372717	Leptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, plays an important role in regulating neuroendocrine and immune function as well as insulin resistance and metabolism.
84	17472010	Endocrinal products of adipocytes (PPARgamma, A-FABP, E-FABP, leptin, adiponectin and others) modulate insulin tissue sensitivity enabling them to participate in the ethiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T).
85	17208384	Adipocyte-derived hormones, including adiponectin and leptin, regulate systemic insulin sensitivity in accordance to existing triglyceride reserves.
86	17208384	Leptin levels reflect existing fat mass and the adipokine negatively regulates insulin action in adipose tissue.
87	17325688	Baseline leptin correlated positively with anthropometric measurements, fasting and postload insulin and homeostasis model assessment indices (all P<0.001), and inversely with subsequent weight increase.
88	17940115	At age 15 yr, leptin therapy was initiated, and after 1 yr, his insulin requirements fell to 1 U/kg.d, his glycemic control improved (HbA 1c 8.4%), and both his triglycerides and transaminases normalized.
89	17940115	At age 13 yr, leptin therapy was started, and after 1 yr, her glycemic control improved (HbA 1c 7.3%) and her insulin requirements decreased (17 U/kg.d).
90	17215165	Our findings suggest that plasma leptin concentration is independently associated with the development of insulin resistance in a non-selected prepubertal population.
91	18413223	Leptin has been shown to be able to modulate insulin secretion.
92	19011998	The observations in our study suggest the idea that during diabetic hypothyroidism, without thyroid hormone treatment, insulin is not sufficient to balance the metabolic pathways so mediated effects of insulin in leptin regulation via thyroid hormones are an increased possibility.
93	19169663	In this model mouse mimicking human type 2 diabetes (STZ/HFD), continuous leptin infusion reduced food intake and body weight and improved glucose and lipid metabolism with enhancement of insulin sensitivity.
94	19279289	In contrast, plasma leptin was only increased by insulin and diet, plasma glucagon and liver glycogen was only affected by insulin and liver triglycerides, and arcuate nucleus proopiomelanocortin mRNA was only influenced by diet.
95	19127383	In patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, compliant CPAP usage may improve insulin secretion capacity, reduce leptin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels.
96	19419916	Recently discovered adipocyte-derived proteins (leptin and adiponectin) might contribute to the pathologic mechanism linking obesity and insulin resistance.
97	19419916	The results suggest that leptin and adiponectin may be involved in the pathophysiologic link between obesity and insulin resistance independently.
98	19394382	The adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin controls feeding behavior, augments fatty acid beta-oxidation in the skeletal muscle, attenuates insulin secretion but enhances whole body insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal, thereby serving as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia.
99	19401420	In addition to its central action, leptin directly affects pancreatic beta-cells, inhibiting insulin secretion, and, thus, modulating glucose homeostasis.
100	19509109	During 1 yr of insulin therapy, mean body weight increased by 6%, whereas the fasting leptin levels increased by 108% (both P < 0.001).
101	19509109	Study 2: mean body weight increased by 4% (P < 0.01), whereas leptin levels increased by 56% (P < 0.001) during 1 yr of insulin treatment and the increase in leptin preceded the increase in body weight.
102	19509109	Significant correlations were observed between insulin's effect on serum leptin levels and the increase in weight that accompanied insulin therapy.
103	19940327	Adipose tissue produces multiple cytokines(TNF-alpha, IL-6, PAI-1, CRP, angiotensinogen, leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, apelin, resistin)which decrease insulin sensitivity and induce inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction,and atherosclerosis.
104	19804472	In DM1 patients, leptin levels correlated with BMI, fasting insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA) (P < 0.01).
105	19880583	Insulin sensitivity correlated (r = x and y for IS(OGTT) and IS(HOMA,) respectively) with fasting maternal serum leptin (-0.44 and -0.52), IGFBP1 (0.42 and 0.39), and triglycerides (-0.31 and -0.27).
106	19937225	Adiponectin (r = 0.41, p < 0.0001), leptin (r = -0.36, p < 0.0001) and CRP (r = -0.30, p < 0.0001) during pregnancy were all associated with postpartum insulin sensitivity (determined using the insulin sensitivity index of Matsuda and DeFronzo [IS(OGTT)]).
107	20074524	We tested whether leptin can ameliorate diabetes independent of weight loss by defining the lowest dose at which leptin treatment of ob/ob mice reduces plasma glucose and insulin concentration.
108	18370722	We evaluated whether leptin was associated with insulin resistance and MS after adjusting for confounders in Japanese-Brazilian women.
109	18370722	Leptin was significantly correlated to BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, HOMA-IR, and insulin but not to other components of MS, such as fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and CRP levels.
110	18370722	Conclusions: Adiposity-adjusted correlation of leptin with HOMA-IR and fasting insulinemia suggested that the former is associated with insulin resistance, despite the lack of independent association with the definition of the MS according to NCEP-ATP III.
111	20005544	During the clamp studies, desacyl ghrelin concentrations decreased by 33% (second trimester, P = .004) and 27% (third trimester, P = .09) with increasing glucose and insulin concentrations, whereas acyl ghrelin, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations were unaffected.
112	20535861	The synergistic action of unopposed oestrogen and leptin, compounded by increasing insulin, cortisol and xeno-oestrogen exposure directly initiate, promote and exacerbate obesity, type 2 diabetes, uterine overgrowth, prostatic enlargement, prostate cancer and breast cancer.
113	20819535	To evaluate the association between the four adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with insulin sensitivity, we used a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to test insulin sensitivity in Chinese patients with obesity and type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus versus controls.
114	20690892	Recent studies have demonstrated the long-term therapeutic effects of central leptin gene therapy in obesity and diabetes via decreased insulin resistance and increased glucose metabolism.
115	20543523	Stepwise regression analyses confirmed that the fetuin-A concentration was independently associated with the fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR, as were body mass index, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, leptin and adiponectin concentrations.
116	20876720	Consistent with increased insulin sensitivity, mice with ablated hepatic leptin signaling had increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in the liver.
117	20876720	These data reveal that unlike a complete deficiency of leptin action, which results in impaired glucose homeostasis, disruption of leptin action in the liver alone increases hepatic insulin sensitivity and protects against age- and diet-related glucose intolerance.
118	20876720	Thus, leptin appears to act as a negative regulator of insulin action in the liver.
119	20553219	The objective of this study was to assess the association of serum leptin levels with insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome (MetS), lipid levels, and glucose control in an Iranian type 2 diabetic population.
120	21176750	Inflammation plays an important role in insulin resistance, and adipocytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leptin, can induce insulin resistance.
121	21123564	These data suggest that leptin resistance, as occurs in obesity, reduces the hypothalamic response to insulin and thereby impairs peripheral glucose homeostasis, contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes.
122	21039728	Leptin stimulated RBP-4 secretion ex-vivo, whilst insulin did not affect RBP4.
123	20153489	Furthermore, changes in plasma leptin (r = -0.432, P < .001) and leptin mRNA (r = -0.298, P = .019) correlated significantly with changes in insulin sensitivity.
124	20153489	This work shows that exercise training has differing effects on leptin-related variables between women with and without a diabetes family history and suggests that these molecular differences may contribute to the differential effects of exercise training on insulin sensitivity between these 2 groups.
125	20695765	The adipokine, leptin, regulates blood glucose and the insulin secretory function of beta cells, while also modulating immune cell function.
126	21159853	Instead, leptin action in the brain potently suppresses hepatic glucose production while increasing tissue glucose uptake despite persistent, severe insulin deficiency.
127	21159853	This leptin action is distinct from its previously reported effect to increase insulin sensitivity in the liver and offers compelling evidence that the brain has the capacity to normalize diabetic hyperglycemia in the presence of sufficient amounts of central nervous system leptin.
128	20577883	GEB-H, mainly as a result of the action of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin, reduces insulin resistance by decreasing fat accumulation in adipocytes by activating fat oxidation and potentiating leptin signaling in diet-induced obese rats.
129	21321316	In conclusion, KTD impairs energy and glucose homeostasis by exacerbating insulin resistance and attenuating hypothalamic leptin signaling in non-obese type 2 diabetic rats.
130	21216462	Impairments in leptin-melanocortin signaling are associated with insulin-deficient diabetes and leptin treatment has been shown to be effective in reversing hyperglycemia in animal models of type 1 diabetes.
131	19131467	The aim of this study was to test whether being born small for gestational age (SGA) has an impact on adiponectin and leptin levels and the IGF system in relation to insulin sensitivity, taking into consideration the severity of growth restriction.
132	20855609	Leptin monotherapy reverses the deadly consequences and improves several of the metabolic imbalances caused by insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes (T1D) in rodents.
133	20855609	Here, we report that intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of leptin reverses lethality and greatly improves hyperglycemia, hyperglucagonemia, hyperketonemia, and polyuria caused by insulin deficiency in mice.
134	20855609	Pancreatic ?-cell regeneration does not underlie these beneficial effects of leptin, because circulating insulin levels were undetectable at basal levels and following a glucose overload.
135	21261565	AREAS COVERED: The present review considers: i) the role of leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin and NPY in patients with T2DM, and, ii) the effect of insulin as well as oral hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, antiobesity and antiplatelet agents on these peptides in patients with T2DM.
136	21427225	Leptin inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic ?-cells, and in turn, insulin stimulates leptin biosynthesis and secretion from adipose tissue.
137	21427225	At the molecular level, leptin acts through various pathways, which in combination confer inhibitory effects on insulin biosynthesis and secretion.
138	21126901	The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of insulin resistance and T2D, and their association with adiponectin and leptin, in Afro-Caribbean men and women with HIV infection.
139	9166685	Taken together, these observations indicate an important physiological role for leptin as an inhibitor of insulin secretion and lead us to propose that the failure of leptin to inhibit insulin secretion from the beta-cells of ob/ob and db/db mice may explain, in part, the development of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and the progression to NIDDM.
140	10022436	Leptin (6.25 nM) suppressed insulin secretion of normal islets by 20% at 5.6 mM glucose.
141	10022436	Proinsulin messenger ribonucleic acid expression in islets was inhibited by leptin at 11.1 mM, but not at 5.6 mM glucose.
142	10022436	Leptin also reduced proinsulin messenger ribonucleic acid levels that were increased in islets by treatment with 10 nM glucagon-like peptide-1 in the presence of either 5.6 or 11.1 mM glucose.
143	21411512	The purpose of the current study was to determine whether leptin treatment has weight loss-independent effects on insulin action in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
144	21463618	Furthermore, SKLB102 elevated the serum level of adiponectin, reduced the serum level of leptin and prevented insulin resistance.
145	21181202	Downregulation of resistin and leptin gene expression after bariatric surgery may play a role in normalizing obesity-associated insulin resistance.
146	21389141	Supposedly leptin modulates osteocalcin bioactivity, which in turn stimulates insulin and adiponectin secretion, and ?-cell proliferation.
147	21389141	Linear regression models were used to test independent associations of adiponectin, osteocalcin, and leptin with the indices of insulin resistance and secretion.
148	21717410	Leptin plays a crucial role in the maintenance of body weight and glucose homeostasis hrough central and peripheral pathways, including regulation of insulin secretion by pancreatic b cells.
149	21717410	Recent data provides convincing evidence that leptin has beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in mouse models of insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes mellitus.
150	21620903	Islets from ob/ob mice existing in a hyperglycemic in vivo milieu maintain elevated insulin secretion and protection from glucotoxicity through a general suppression of islet NOS activities achieved by leptin deficiency, high CO production and insulinotropic cyclic-AMP-generating hormones.
151	21760856	We evaluated the effects of insulin-induced improved glycaemic control on leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels and patient characteristics.
152	21760856	Changes in leptin, adiponectin and NPY levels may occur after insulin-induced improved glycaemic control.
153	11015588	Agouti but not insulin significantly increased leptin secretion, indicating that insulin enhances leptin synthesis but not secretion while Agouti increases both leptin synthesis and secretion.
154	21808585	Leptin resistance has been associated with development of obesity and insulin resistance.
155	21778879	An exciting new report describes that leptin can influence insulin release by osteoclastin, a hormone produced by osteoblasts.
156	21778879	In addition, leptin also mediates insulin secretion through the sympathetic system and via pro-opiomelanocortin neurons, which could serve as the cross-road for leptin and melanocortin signaling pathways.
157	20511357	This study investigated the associations of plasma leptin levels with insulin resistance (IR) and prediabetes in relatively lean, rural Chinese men and women.
158	21652728	Leptin-induced NS proliferation was significantly greater than that induced by insulin, although both effects were blocked by Notch, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition.
159	21811961	In morbid obesity: (1) Subcutaneous adipose tissue releases interleukin-6 which could then mediate insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. (2) Although there is increased secretion of leptin by the subcutaneous adipose tissue, leptin levels are not correlated to the sensitivity of glucose metabolism to insulin in muscle.
160	21940282	Whereas somatostatin and insulin both suppressed the increase in glucagon secretion stimulated by high levels of glucose, leptin had no such effect.
161	21791620	In patients with congenital or HIV-related lipoatrophy, leptin treatment is also associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, concomitant with reduced visceral and ectopic fat deposition.
162	17556363	In this manner, insulin signaling in liver plays an important role in leptin homeostasis and fine modulation of leptin action.