Ignet

Gene Pair Information

Gene Pair: INS, PPARG

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	9843961	The expression of CAP mRNA and proteins are increased in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by the insulin sensitizing thiazolidinedione drugs, which are activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).
2	10976920	Such selective PPARgamma antagonists may help determine whether insulin sensitization by thiazolidinediones is mediated solely through PPARgamma activation, and whether there are PPARgamma-ligand-independent pathways for adipocyte differentiation.
3	10976920	If selective PPARgamma modulators block adipogenesis in vivo, they may prevent obesity, lower insulin resistance, and delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.
4	10878750	These include the downregulation of genes that are required for normal insulin action, direct effects on insulin signaling, induction of elevated free fatty acids via stimulation of lipolysis, and negative regulation of PPAR gamma, an important insulin-sensitizing nuclear receptor.
5	11042466	These compounds appear to enhance insulin action by modulating the activity of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma.
6	11230363	P:eroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is a novel nuclear receptor, which enhances insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
7	11289057	Recent studies have identified a common proline-to-alanine substitution (Pro12Ala) in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), a nuclear receptor that regulates adipocyte differentiation and possibly insulin sensitivity.
8	11598137	PPARgamma ligands troglitazone (TRO, 10 microm) and rosiglitazone (RSG, 10 microm) attenuated the induction of p21(Cip1) protein by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and insulin without affecting cognate mRNA levels in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC).
9	11712406	Therefore, the agonistic activity of pioglitazone on PPAR-gamma may be involved in the mechanism for reducing insulin resistance.
10	11712415	We conclude that although by different mechanisms, both PPAR gamma/RXR inhibitors and PPAR gamma agonist improve insulin resistance, which is associated with decreased TG content of muscle/liver and prevention of adipocyte hypertrophy.
11	11877384	The ability of LG100754 to both increase PPARgamma sensitivity and relieve insulin resistance implies that a deficiency in endogenous PPARgamma ligands may represent an early step in the development of insulin resistance.
12	12643137	Rare inactivating mutations of the gene encoding PPAR gamma are associated with insulin resistance type 2 diabetes, and hypertension, whereas a rare gain of function mutation causes extreme obesity.
13	12475752	Improvement of insulin sensitivity and lipid and glucose metabolism by coactivation of both nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma and PPARalpha potentially provides beneficial effects over existing PPARgamma and alpha preferential drugs, respectively, in treatment of type 2 diabetes.
14	12676649	Plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid levels were elevated in untreated db/db mice compared with untreated C57BL/6J mice, and these parameters were significantly ameliorated in the PPARgamma agonist-treated groups.
15	12682906	In subsequent binding studies, TZDs were demonstrated to enhance insulin action by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).
16	12682906	PPARgamma is a member of the ligand-activated nuclear receptor superfamily that promotes adipogenesis and enhances insulin sensitivity by controlling the expression of genes in glucose and lipid metabolism.
17	12805374	In AZIP mice, ablation of liver PPAR gamma reduced the hepatic steatosis but worsened the hyperlipidemia, triglyceride clearance, and muscle insulin resistance.
18	12805374	Interestingly, mice without liver PPAR gamma, but with adipose tissue, developed relative fat intolerance, increased adiposity, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance.
19	12925701	Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) by thiazolidinediones (TZDs) improves insulin resistance by increasing insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle.
20	12942148	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) ligands have been used for several years as modulators of insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
21	14536066	The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is highly expressed in adipose tissue and the presumed molecular target for antidiabetic thiazolidinedione drugs that reverse insulin resistance but also promote weight gain.
22	14536066	Remarkably, however, genetic prevention of PPARgamma phosphorylation preserves insulin sensitivity in the setting of diet-induced obesity.
23	14536066	Compounds that prevent PPARgamma phosphorylation or ligands that induce the conformation of nonphosphorylated PPARgamma may selectively enhance insulin sensitivity without increasing body weight.
24	14500573	This compound improves insulin sensitivity through the activation of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma).
25	15161789	Among young Hispanic women at high risk for type 2 diabetes, the Pro12Ala variant of the PPAR-gamma receptor gene did not explain the failure of approximately 1/3 of subjects to increase their insulin sensitivity when placed on troglitazone at a dose of 400 mg/day.
26	15059948	Furthermore, we provide the first direct in vivo evidence that an agonist of both PPARalpha and PPARgamma increases the ability of WAT, liver, and skeletal muscle to use fatty acids in association with its beneficial effects on insulin action in this model.
27	15464424	Rare monogenic mutations in PPARgamma have a limited impact on the health of the population due to their low frequency but are associated with severe phenotypes such as severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy, type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
28	15861314	As separate activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma improves lipid metabolism, the development of new drugs integrating PPARalpha and PPARgamma activity (PPAR-alpha/gamma agonists) is a promising line that may further improve insulin resistance, FFA metabolism, and consequently, atherogenic diabetic dyslipidemia.
29	16035392	Peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, for example the thiazolidinediones, redistribute fat within the body (decrease visceral and hepatic fat; increase subcutaneous fat) and have been shown to enhance adipocyte insulin sensitivity, inhibit lipolysis, reduce plasma FFA and favourably influence the production of adipocytokines.
30	15778927	This study evaluated the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma2 ( PPAR-gamma2) Pro12Ala polymorphism and the angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE) I/D polymorphism with respect to any potential influence that these highly prevalent polymorphisms may impose on changes in insulin sensitivity and maximal aerobic capacity induced by exercise.
31	15828230	While PPARalpha potentiates fatty acid catabolism in the liver and is the molecular target of the lipid-lowering fibrates, PPARgamma is essential for adipocyte differentiation and hypertrophy, and mediates the activity of the insulin sensitizing thiazolidinediones.
32	15959400	The clinical use of these PPARgamma agonists in type 2 diabetic patients leads to an improved glycemic control and an inhanced insulin sensitivity, and at least in animal models, to a protective effect on pancreatic beta-cell function.
33	15892894	Telmisartan, an antihypertensive agent with evidence of partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activity-gamma (PPARgamma) activity, may improve insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in patients with metabolic syndrome.
34	15920035	Activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) improves insulin sensitivity and exerts antiatherogenic effects.
35	16002303	Transcription factors and coactivators, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator-1 are crucial in mediating insulin resistance and accelerating vascular wall inflammation, and represent promising therapeutic targets.
36	16061040	Thiazolidinedione agonists for the PPAR-g system are effective in control of insulin resistance and diabetes.
37	16157299	To understand the role of adipocytokines in improving insulin sensitivity via activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) and -gamma (PPAR-gamma), we examined the expression of visfatin, adiponectin, and TNF-alpha in visceral fat depots of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats from early to advanced diabetic stage (from 28 to 40 weeks of age).
38	16179348	These studies demonstrate distinct molecular events lead to insulin sensitization by high affinity RXR and PPARgamma agonists.
39	16306350	PPARalpha activation by its agonist, Wy-14,643, as well as PPARgamma activation by its agonist, rosiglitazone, markedly improved insulin sensitivity.
40	16306360	Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma modulation is a new pharmacological approach that, based on selective receptor-cofactor interactions and target gene regulation, should result in potent insulin sensitization in the absence of PPARgamma-mediated adverse effects.
41	16696315	As an important thrifty gene, environment factors may exerts an effect of PPAR gamma2 on glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance.
42	16041833	The severe insulin resistance predominantly in epididymal adipose tissue of WOKW rats is associated with a 10-fold decrease in adipocyte adiponectin gene expression, decreased Ppar gamma, but increased Foxo1 gene expression compared to DA rats.
43	16628256	The thiazolidinediones (TZDs), which activate PPARgamma, appear to improve glycemic control primarily by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity and reducing hepatic glucose production, thereby helping to preserve beta-cell function.
44	16913824	These effects of PPAR-gamma agonists appear to result from both insulin sensitization and a direct modulation of transcriptional activity in the vessel wall.
45	16887936	Because PPARgamma plays a crucial role in regulation of insulin sensitivity, synthetic agonists are already in clinical use for type II diabetes treatment.
46	17390150	The recent observations that Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1A) is responsible for the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying agents and that ROS triggers insulin resistance, support the role that this gene could play in the onset of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
47	17472010	Endocrinal products of adipocytes (PPARgamma, A-FABP, E-FABP, leptin, adiponectin and others) modulate insulin tissue sensitivity enabling them to participate in the ethiopathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2T).
48	17516074	Mechanism analysis indicated that the effect of insulin and 2-BP on the FAT/CD36 mRNA gene expression may be mediated through activation of PPAR-gamma, suggesting that FAT/CD36 may have important implications in the pathophysiology of defective fatty acid metabolism.
49	17603034	In this study, we determined the in vitro effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activation on the aortic relaxation, lipolysis and insulin-induced [(3)H]-glucose uptake of the abdominal (omental) adipocytes of the non-diabetic (+db/+m) and obese/diabetic (+db/+db) mice.
50	17603034	In contrast, none of the PPAR-gamma agonists tested (0.1, 1 and 10 microM) altered the basal and the insulin (0.1 microM)-induced [(3)H]-glucose uptake into adipocytes of both species.
51	17603034	However, all PPAR-gamma agonists examined have no acute effect on lipolysis and the insulin-induced glucose uptake into adipocytes of both +db/+m and +db/+db mice.
52	17637478	Activation of the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) plays an important role in adipogenesis, insulin resistance, and glucose homeostasis.
53	17956948	We therefore hypothesized that type 2 diabetic patients using exceptionally high doses of insulin might respond well to addition of a PPARgamma agonist.
54	17686902	Thiazolidinediones (TZD) are insulin sensitizing agents currently used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and are widely used as adipogenic agents because they are ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a key adipogenic transcription factor.
55	19136982	Further conclusions are that decreased adiponectin action and increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) form a vicious adipokine network causing obesity-linked insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome; PPARgamma upregulates HMW adiponectin and PPARalpha upregulates AdipoRs; that dietary osmotin can serve as a naturally occurring adiponectin receptor agonist; and finally, that under starvation conditions, MMW adiponectin activates AMPK in hypothalamus, and promotes food intake, and at the same time HMW adiponectin activates AMPK in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle, and stimulates fatty-acids combustion.
56	19165156	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor with a key role in mediating adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity.
57	19324019	The thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone, an agonist ligand for the nuclear receptor PPAR-gamma, improves insulin sensitivity in part by stimulating transcription of the insulin-sensitizing adipokine adiponectin.
58	19383491	Finally, we demonstrate that PPARgamma participates in the insulin-induced IDE expression in neurons.
59	19449752	Thiazolidinediones, in particular of the rosiglitazone type, have a positive impact on increased tissue sensitivity to insulin built on the activation of PPAR-gamma.
60	19389808	MBX-102 exhibits full therapeutic activity without the classical PPAR-gamma side effects and may represent the next generation insulin sensitizer.
61	19592617	Naringenin 1) increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma coactivator 1alpha/PPARalpha-mediated transcription program; 2) prevented sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c-mediated lipogenesis in both liver and muscle by reducing fasting hyperinsulinemia; 3) decreased hepatic cholesterol and cholesterol ester synthesis; 4) reduced both VLDL-derived and endogenously synthesized fatty acids, preventing muscle triglyceride accumulation; and 5) improved overall insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
62	19698699	TZDs target the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and improve systemic insulin sensitivity.
63	19766907	The Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) has been associated with decreased obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and other age-associated diseases such as cognitive impairment, hypertension, cancer, osteoarthritis.
64	19806227	Sirt-1 down-regulates p53 activity, rising lifespan, and cell survival; it also deacetylases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and its coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1alpha), promoting lipid mobilization, positively regulating insulin secretion, and increasing mitochondrial dimension and number.
65	19536736	We found significant independent effects of the PPARG and PPARGC1A variants on fasting insulin levels (p=0.02 for both), HOMA-IR (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively), insulin area under the curve (AUC) (p=0.007 and p=0.006, respectively) and 2-h glucose levels (p=0.02 for PPARGC1A).
66	19752200	We conclude that PPARgamma activity is important for maintaining basal and insulin-dependent transepithelial Na+ transport and ENaC activity.
67	20018750	In addition to improved adipokine, inflammatory, and lipid profiles, PPARgamma activation in mature adipocytes normalizes serum insulin without increased adipogenesis.
68	20079163	And we also observed that ABCC8 as well as the interaction between PPARG and HNF4A may contribute to post-challenge insulin secretion.
69	19374389	Thiazolidinediones are insulin sensitizing drugs that target the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma.
70	19944677	Treatment with rosiglitazone (RSG), an insulin sensitizer, for 2 weeks increased vascular PPARgamma expression and restored PI3-kinase/Akt/eNOS-mediated signaling pathway only in young SHRs.
71	20222152	T2D is caused by a combination of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure and can be treated with insulin sensitizing drugs that target the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma.
72	19968882	Although activation of both PPARdelta and PPARgamma lead to increased insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, PPARdelta activation was functionally distinct from PPARgamma activation, and was characterized by increased hepatic and peripheral fatty acid oxidative metabolism, demonstrating the distinctive catabolic role of this receptor compared with PPARgamma.
73	20650758	When PPAR gamma was specifically inhibited by GW9662 and PPARgamma-SiRNA, the protective effects of rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were almost undetectable, and the apoptotic rate increased and insulin secretion decreased to the level of the cytokine-treated cells.
74	19775880	Our results indicate that daidzein enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes by increasing the expression of GLUT4 and IRS-1 via the activation of PPARgamma.
75	20726228	DHSA may improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in KKAy mice and the effect might be related to the activation of PPAR-gamma by DHSA.
76	19966034	PPARgamma and PGC-1alpha mRNA expression in both fat depots as well as in skeletal muscle is associated with markers of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk.
77	19966034	Gene expression of PPARgamma and PGC-1alpha in human adipose tissue is related to markers of insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk.
78	15113752	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate cell growth, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity.
79	17823261	Given the important role of insulin signaling in the regulation of myocardial size, we tested the hypothesis that augmentation of myocardial insulin signaling may play a role in PPAR-gamma ligand-induced cardiac hypertrophy.
80	17823261	These data indicate that cardiac hypertrophy after PPAR-gamma agonist treatment can occur in the absence of myocardial insulin signaling and is likely secondary to the hemodynamic consequences of plasma volume expansion.
81	21153532	The Pro12 allele of PPARG2 seems to impair insulin's antilipolytic effect, leading to high NEFA release in the fasting state and IR.
82	21263402	These data reflect an association of analyzed PPARG and LPIN1 gene polymorphisms with values of insulin, HDL, LDL and total cholesterol witch indicates an important role of these genes in lipid metabolism and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
83	11245612	We hypothesize that agouti increases adiposity and promotes insulin sensitivity by acting directly on adipocytes via PPAR-gamma.
84	20158103	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that has a central role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation.
85	20498376	In wild-type littermate mice, PPARgamma activation (i.e. treatment with rosiglitazone) restored euglycemia and reversed high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance.
86	20498376	In contrast, PPARgamma activation did not reduce high fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and failed to reverse insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in PFKFB3(+/-) mice.
87	20498376	Upon inhibition of excessive fatty acid oxidation in PFKFB3/iPFK2-knockdown adipocytes, PPARgamma activation was able to significantly reverse inflammatory signaling and proinflammatory cytokine expression and restore insulin signaling.
88	21111773	Aromatase inhibitors, the most effective endocrine agents of breast carcinoma, retinoids, metabolites of vitamin A, and synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma ligands, used for the treatment of insulin resistance in type II diabetes mellitus, may be the important candidates for possible endocrine treatment of endometrial carcinoma.
89	21675944	Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent exogenous agonists of PPAR-gamma, which augment the effects of insulin to its cellular targets and mainly at the level of adipose tissue.
90	21966330	Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors leads to a decrease in insulin resistance and modification of adipocyte metabolism.
91	15111493	The direct regulation of perilipin and S3-12 by PPAR-gamma therefore is likely to be an important mediator of the in vivo effects of prolonged treatment with PPAR-gamma activators: insulin sensitization, fatty acid trapping in adipose tissue, reduced basal adipose lipolysis, and weight gain.
92	21675944	Dysfunction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, while a reduce expression of many PPAR-gamma regulated genes has been observed in an obese diabetic state.