Ignet

Gene Pair Information

Gene Pair: INS, SST

Related Sentences

#	PMID	Sentence
1	1159060	In three maturity onset diabetics, somatostatin infusion abolished the insulin rise induced by breakfast and oral glucose, and in 2 of them, inhibited the basal insulin secretion by 50% seen during control studies.
2	171190	With the perfused pancreas, somatostatin caused 32 per cent inhibition of glucose-mediated insulin release and inhibited arginine-induced glucagon release by 72 per cent.
3	1186499	The effect of glucagon suppression by somatostatin upon endogenous hyperglycemia was studied in three forms of experimental insulin deficiency in dogs: alloxan diabetes, total pancreatectomy, and diazoxide administration.
4	791728	Finally, in insulin-dependant diabetics, somatostatin infusion reduces plasma glucagon concentration and blood glucose and prevents the development of ketosis after withdrawal of insulin therapy.
5	814025	The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, substance P, somatostatin, and a partially purified hypothalamic extract on insulin secretion were tested both in vitro and in vivo.
6	814025	Only somatostatin and the hypothalamic extract affected insulin secretion.
7	814025	In vitro, somatostatin decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by isolated islets and in vivo significantly reduced the rate of insulin output into the portal vein.
8	1254110	The nonsuppressible insulin-like (NSILA-s) and somatomedin-like activities of the serum were not elevated, and the tumor did not release insulin-like activity on incubation nor did it contain somatostatin.
9	5326	Glucagon, insulin, and gastrin levels were suppressed by somatostatin while calcium infusion caused a paradoxical increase.
10	976635	The study investigated the respective influences of nicotinic acid and somatostatin on plasma concentrations of blood glucose, free fatty acids, glucagon, growth hormone and cortisol in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects.
11	1033640	The inhibitory effect of somatostatin on the secretion of glucagon permits the examination of the effect of glucagon on some metabolic parameters in the insulin-dependent diabetic patient.
12	1033640	The results obtained in 5 insulin-dependent diabetics and in 4 pancreatectomized patients revealed an inhibitory effect of somatostatin on blood glucose in the juvenile-type diabetics, but failed to show this influence of somatostatin in the pancreatectomized patients.
13	211005	The presence of somatostatin within the pancreatic D cells raises the possibility that it may function as a local regulator of insulin and glucagon release.
14	264686	We conclude that somatostatin caused only transient hypoglycemia in normal subjects and that hyperglycemia eventually developes as a consequence of insulin deficiency.
15	870515	To determine whether cyclic somatostatin (GH-RIH) interferes with glucose utilization and gluconeogenesis we studied levels of blood glucose (BG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) and of human growth hormone (GH) after iv glucose (330 mg/kg) and iv arginine (0.5 g/kg) in healthy subjects (n=8) and in maturity onset diabetics (n=8; fasting BG less than 200 mg/dl) both in the presence and in the absence of GH-RIH (500 microng/h iv).
16	326606	It is suggested that somatostatin plays an important role in the regulation of insulin release in the physiologic range of glucose concentration.
17	908462	Infusion of somatostatin along with insulin prevented the effects of diazoxide on plasma glucose and glucose production.
18	908478	A longer acting and more selective somatostatin preparation may prove useful as an adjunct to insulin in the management of diabetes.
19	640235	In the normals, somatostatin suppressed plasma growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin but increased plasma glucose.
20	640235	The elevated plasma glucose levels in normals must be due to the suppressive effects of somatostatin on insulin secretion.
21	661568	Somatostatin inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin release and reduced plasma glucagon by 50%--65%.
22	700257	The results indicate that a preparation with a pattern of hormone suppression like that of somatostatin will not be useful in the control of maturity-onset diabetes, because it suppresses insulin and elevates the blood glucose concentration.
23	374172	Freshly isolated islets are relatively insensitive to somatostatin, requiring 100 ng/ml to suppress partially the glucose-induced insulin secretion.
24	446917	The addition of insulin (10(-7) M and 10(-6) M) had no significant effect on somatostatin and glucagon release.
25	6987118	Effects of arginine and such pancreatic hormones as insulin and pancreatic polypeptide on gastric somatostatin release from the isolated perfused rat stomach were studied.
26	6987118	Both insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (10(-10), 10(-9), and 10(-8) M) caused a significant decrease in gastric somatostatin secretion.
27	6987118	Insulin (10(-10) M), furthermore, inhibited the glucagon (5 x 10(-8) M)-induced somatostatin response.
28	6987123	The infusion of 19 mM arginine significantly augmented secretion of somatostatin and glucagon and attenuated insulin secretion in 48-h fasted rats.
29	6104595	These results suggest that an abrupt deprivation of insulin from islets results in an elevation of pancreatic somatostatin concentration, and that glucagon in the pancreas plays a minor role in determining pancreatic somatostatin concentration in rats with insulin-deprived diabetes of short duration.
30	6108269	The pancreatic somatostatin content increased in proportion to the dose of STZ (I, 189 +/- 31; II, 222 +/- 20, III, 343 +/- 4; IV, 515 +/- 36 ng/g wet wt), while graded reductions of insulin content were observed.
31	6108269	Pancreatic somatostatin release increased during arginine infusion (19.2 mM) dose dependently, (I, 543 +/- 36; II, 946 +/- 64; III, 1229 +/- 55; IV, 2186 +/- 150 pg/15 min), and it correlated with the graded decreases of insulin release.
32	6108269	These results indicate that pancreatic somatostatin content and release increased in STZ-diabetic rats in proportion to the degree of insulin deficiency.
33	6108274	Studies in vitro using the isolated perfused rat pancreas revealed a significant increase of somatostatin release from the diabetic pancreas, with a marked reduction of insulin release and almost normal glucagon release.
34	6108275	In spite of the marked, fifteenfold stimulation of somatostatin release (1.5 x 10-10 M in the perfusate effluent) by glucose, the concentration of somatostatin was insufficient to significantly alter glucose-stimulated insulin release in the isolated perfused rat pancreas.
35	6160072	To assess the effects of endogenous somatostatin on pancreatic islet A- and B-cell function, isolated rat islets were incubated in antisomatostatin gamma-globulin to bind endogenously released somatostatin, and the insulin and glucagon secretion of these islets was compared with that of islets incubated in gamma-globulin isolated from nonimmune serum.
36	6108887	Infusion of somatostatin together with glucagon suppressed the glucagon-induced increase in insulin and greatly augmented the increase in blood glucose.
37	6110570	The present study was undertaken to reevaluate the influence of somatostatin on platelet function in insulin-dependent diabetics and in normal subjects.
38	6110595	A possible deficiency of somatostatin, one of the factors controlling insulin release, has only recently been considered.
39	6110596	Binding of glucagon and insulin to the L fraction was very low while, in contrast, somatostatin binding was substantial and linear with lymphocyte number.
40	6110597	Perfusion with medium containing 1 microM muscimol inhibited glucose-stimulated somatostatin release by 38%, whereas the course of glucose-stimulated insulin release was unaffected.
41	6110603	High plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA) stimulate the secretion of splanchnic somatostatin, and both are elevated in insulin deficiency.
42	6110604	Addition of 1 microgram/ml porcine insulin to the perfusion medium did not modify the alterations in somatostatin and glucagon responses to arginine.
43	6111219	The location of somatostatin in pancreatic islet D cells suggests that it may act as a local regulator of insulin and glucagon secretion.
44	6111928	These studies assessed the ability of des-Asn5-[D-Trp8-D-Ser13]-somatostatin (d-ATS-SS) to selectively inhibit insulin release and produce a hyperglycemia sufficient to compensate for the original impairment. d-ATS-SS at 0.017 micrograms/min inhibited basal insulin output (delta = -38 +/- 6%, P less than 0.005) and increased basal pancreatic glucagon output (delta - +21 +/- 6%, P less than 0.05, n = 5). d-ATS-SS at 0.17 micrograms/min markedly inhibited insulin output (delta = -84 +/- 4%, P less than 0.0005) and slightly inhibited glucagon output (delta = -14 +/- 6%, P less than 0.05, n = 5). d-ATS-SS at 0.055 micrograms/min decreased basal and stimulated insulin release but not basal nor stimulated glucagon release.
45	6164586	Insulin release was stimulated 50-fold and somatostatin (SRIF) secretion twofold when the glucose concentration was increased from 100 mg/dl to 300 mg/dl.
46	6784807	Somatostatin was infused during the experiment to suppress endogenous insulin secretin.
47	6114914	During the 3 hour period following glucose loading plasma concentrations of glucagon and growth hormone were diminished by somatostatin, as were the rise in blood glucose and insulin requirement (4.0 +/- 1.2 U) when compared with the control study (11.3 +/- 1.5 U; p less than 0.01).
48	6115786	The effects of somatostatin on spontaneous hyperglycemia, plasma growth hormone, and IRG after withdrawal of insulin treatment was studied in 4 patients.
49	6115786	Somatostatin blunted both the hyperglycemic and paradoxical IRG responses to the glucose challenge, and reduced the spontaneous rise of blood glucose that occurred after insulin withdrawal.
50	6759233	The effects of insulin were not associated with any significant changes in glucagon or somatostatin levels in the culture media.
51	6761438	Chronic treatment with insulin significantly depressed by 48% intravascular phagocytosis of colloidal carbon administered IV at a dose of 8 mg/100 g, while glucagon and somatostatin stimulated macrophage endocytic function by 32% and 26%, respectively, compared to the control value.
52	7152136	In the alloxan-diabetic dogs, treated with insulin alone, blood glucose, ketone body concentrations, and plasma somatostatin and glucagon levels were elevated.
53	6131079	The loss of insulin inhibition of glucagon-mediated somatostatin secretion may account for the hypersomatostatinemia of severe diabetes.
54	6131815	In the PSDS preparation, diabetes reduced total integrated insulin output by 97% (from 1146 +/- 198 to 40 +/- 24 ng/65 min, P less than 0.001), and glucagon output by about 50% (from 51.6 +/- 13.1 to 24.0 +/- 3.7 ng/65 min, P less than 0.05), whereas somatostatin output did not change (105.5 +/- 48.1 to 110.1 +/- 36.9 ng/65 min).
55	6131850	Cysteamine (300 mg/kg) administered subcutaneously depletes pancreatic somatostatin to 36% of control levels, but does not alter pancreatic insulin or glucagon content.
56	6133785	The size of the somatostatin cells from the gizzard-duodenum junction was negatively related to the magnitude of the glucose-induced insulin release, which suggests an increase in somatostatin cell activity in true insulin-deficient depancreatized chickens as observed in insulin deficient diabetic mammals.
57	6189748	Fasting the rats for 24 h significantly suppressed the insulin and glucagon responses to glibenclamide while the concomitant somatostatin response was slightly enhanced.
58	6134649	The relative hypoglycemic effects of pulsatile versus steadily infused insulin have been examined in six normal subjects in whom pancreatic insulin output was suppressed by somatostatin-14.
59	6134650	In man a small dose of somatostatin (50 micrograms/h) suppressed moderately basal insulin (5 microU/ml) and glucagon (40 pg/ml) levels.
60	6135634	These results suggest that (1) dynorphin is a very potent stimulus for insulin secretion; (2) dynorphin does not affect somatostatin secretion in static incubations of islets, in the same way as does glucose and glyceraldehyde; (3) dynorphin's effects may involve increased calcium ion movement and can be blocked by verapamil; (4) dynorphin can also increase islet c-AMP, and could thereby modulate the responsiveness of other secretagogues; (5) the actions of dynorphin on insulin secretion are not mediated by delta or mu opiate receptors in islets.
61	6136893	Administration of the somatostatin analogue increased the effectiveness of insulin in controlling postprandial hyperglycemia and permitted satisfactory postprandial glycemic control when the insulin infusion was initiated immediately before meal ingestion.
62	6137430	In summary, a 46-h infusion of somatostatin with glucagon replacement in humans leads to hyperglycemia, a slightly diminished basal insulin level, markedly decreased insulin responses to glucose, and an insulin response to isoproterenol maintained at a normal level by acute and probably chronic adaptation to the hyperglycemia.
63	6311653	In contrast, tumors of group B are characterized by scarce well-granulated typical B-cells, a medullary-type histologic structure, and irregular insulin immunofluorescence; functionally these tumors show elevated circulating levels of proinsulin-like component and a marked resistance of insulin secretion to somatostatin and diazoxide inhibition.
64	6141177	We conclude that prolonged mild selective insulin deficiency produced by infusion of somatostatin with glucagon replacement in normal men causes an elevation of the fasting plasma glucose level, which is maintained by glucose overproduction rather than by glucose underutilization.
65	6143233	We now report structure-activity studies which optimize the potency of this cyclic hexapeptide series with the synthesis of cyclo (N-Me-Ala-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Phe), II, which is 50-100 times more potent than somatostatin for the inhibition of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone release.
66	6200377	Somatostatin (10 micrograms/ml), which inhibits cAMP-stimulated protein phosphorylation, suppresses insulin release evoked by IBMX, glucagon, or forskolin (inhibition: 80, 75, or 82%, respectively).
67	2864297	The values from the standard FSIGT were then compared with direct measurements obtained from experiments in which the dynamic insulin response to glucose was suppressed with somatostatin (SRIF).
68	2866056	Somatostatin was not found to influence the assessment of insulin sensitivity by the insulin sensitivity test.
69	2866128	Naloxone (10(-6) M) alone changed the endocrine secretions by decreasing somatostatin release and by stimulating insulin release.
70	2867847	No change in somatostatin release was caused by insulin (25 U/l) during perifusion of freshly isolated islets at 8.3 mmol/l glucose, whereas AIS showed an inhibitory effect.
71	3516750	We have determined peripheral venous somatostatin like immunoreactivity (SLI) levels in 11 normal subjects (blood glucose--BG--: 4.4 +/- 0.1 mM; ketone bodies--KB--: 90 +/- 12 microM; plasma free fatty acids--FFA --: 340 +/- 42 microM), 4 Biostator controlled insulin dependent diabetics (BG: 5.4 +/- 0.2 mM; FFA: 418 +/- 38 microM; KB: 226 +/- 41 microM) and 7 poorly controlled ketotic diabetics (BG: 10.8 +/- 1.3 mM; FFA: 915 +/- 19 microM; KB: 2490 +/- 576 microM).
72	2876005	SMS 201-995 is a new somatostatin analog which is 10-60 times more potent and specific than somatostatin as an inhibitor of GH and insulin release.
73	2876501	Native somatostatin has multiple actions, including inhibition of the secretion of insulin, glucagon, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and various gut hormones.
74	2878848	Somatostatin (SRIF) has been widely used in the study of in vivo carbohydrate metabolism to suppress pancreatic hormone secretion and thereby interrupt the glucoregulatory feedback loops between insulin, glucagon, and glucose.
75	2879758	Endogenous insulin and glucagon secretion were inhibited by somatostatin (0.8 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1), and intraportal replacement infusions of insulin (213 +/- 28 microU X kg-1 X min-1) and glucagon (0.65 ng X kg-1 X min-1) were given to maintain basal hormone concentrations for 2 h (12 +/- 2 microU/ml and 108 +/- 23 pg/ml, respectively).
76	2880702	In Study B, endogenous secretion of IRI and IRG was suppressed by infusion of somatostatin (0.2 microgram/kg/min), while peripheral concentrations were maintained constant by replacing glucagon (0.65 ng/kg/min) and insulin (0.225 mU/kg/min).
77	2882748	However, when insulin secretion was inhibited, either by the induction of streptozotocin-diabetes or by simultaneous infusion of somatostatin, glucagon treatment was able to depress the expressed activity of HMG-CoA reductase (i.e. it increased the phosphorylation of the enzyme).
78	2883057	We have previously shown that a nonimmunoreactive analogue of somatostatin, (D-Ala5, D-Trp8)-somatostatin, differentially inhibits pancreatic somatostatin secretion without inhibiting insulin or glucagon secretion.
79	2883057	Pancreatic insulin output increased 10-fold, pancreatic somatostatin output increased from 1.2 +/- 0.3 to 3.0 +/- 0.8 ng/min, and pancreatic glucagon output was suppressed from 1.4 +/- 0.7 to 0.5 +/- 0.1 ng/min.
80	2883058	C-peptide was equally suppressed by hypoglycemia regardless of whether somatostatin was administered, indicating suppression of endogenous insulin during these studies.
81	2884158	We conclude that basal and stimulated gastric SLI release is increased in untreated BB rats and is suppressed with insulin therapy, gastric delta-cell hyperfunction accounts for portal vein hypersomatostatinemia characteristic of untreated diabetic BB rats, and somatostatin-14 is the main molecular form of SLI released from normal and diabetic stomachs.
82	2886385	Maximum inhibition of glucose-induced insulin secretion was 26, 37, and 29% of control values for somatostatin, PGE2, and epinephrine, respectively.
83	3301157	The cells produced 63 +/- 3 ng (mean +/- SD) immunoreactive insulin and 9.4 +/- 0.3 ng immunoreactive glucagon per day per 10(6) cells, while somatostatin (SRIF) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were undetectable.
84	2888696	Human insulin and C-peptide were infused intraportally into conscious dogs (n = 11) at equimolar rates; endogenous insulin and C-peptide release were suppressed with somatostatin (0.8 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1).
85	2890501	Glyburide increased basal and meal-but not glucagon-stimulated insulin and C-peptide levels, and also augmented the effect of meals on somatostatin release.
86	2896134	Naloxone (5 mg), an opiate antagonist, did not produce any significant change in the insulin and glucagon responses to beta-endorphin, while somatostatin (0.25 mg/h) completely abolished the hormonal responses to the opioid.
87	2454647	The plasma immunoreactive insulin profiles were determined during a 6 h post injection period in subjects receiving concomitantly somatostatin to suppress endogenous insulin secretion. 2.
88	2898855	It is concluded that somatostatin reduces insulin resistance following hypoglycemia in patients with IDDM.
89	2900090	Somatostatin has been widely employed in studies of hepatic metabolism to suppress the endogenous secretion of the pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon.
90	3042030	The morphological data correlate well with the previously reported evolution of plasma and pancreatic hormone concentration after surgery, and suggest that the normal inhibitory control of glucagon and insulin secretion by the local release of somatostatin might be reduced or suppressed during transient diabetes in subtotally depancreatized ducks.
91	2901377	This study explores, using perifused pancreatic slices, whether the reduced B-cell responsiveness to somatostatin in mdb/mdb mice can be overcome upon induction of a biphasic insulin release by using theophylline.
92	2903616	These studies therefore indicate that the GH suppressing hormone somatostatin may be of clinical value as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and labile blood glucose control.
93	2903837	Anterograde infusion of 500 pg/ml glucagon caused a larger increase in insulin secretion (245 +/- 10%) than retrograde infusion (45 +/- 4%), whereas somatostatin was stimulated more retrogradely (339 +/- 17%) than anterogradely (121 +/- 9%).
94	2903837	Anterograde infusion of somatostatin produced a larger decrease in insulin and glucagon than did retrograde perfusion (P less than .0001 for both comparisons).
95	2461657	Anterograde infusion of insulin antibody increased glucagon and somatostatin secretion (p less than 0.0005), whereas retrograde insulin antibody infusion was without effect.
96	2461657	In contrast, retrograde infusion of somatostatin antibody increased both insulin and glucagon secretion (p less than 0.0005).
97	2461657	In comparison, anterograde infusion of antiglucagon antibody decreased somatostatin secretion without influencing insulin, whereas retrograde antiglucagon antibody infusion decreased insulin without changing somatostatin secretion.
98	2905942	During the study endogenous insulin secretion was suppressed by somatostatin (300 micrograms h-1) and replaced by infusion of insulin (0.2 mU kg-1 min-1).
99	2658456	Chronic insulin treatment of diabetic rats reversed the increase in somatostatin, but had no effect on the increase in insulin-like immunoreactivity concentration.
100	2568667	Changes in plasmatic levels and retinal content of somatostatin after insulin-induced hypoglycemia were investigated in three different groups of animals: Control group (C), Diabetic untreated group (D); and, Insulin-treated diabetic group (DI).
101	1976213	Originally characterized as a hypothalamic regulator of growth hormone secretion, somatostatin also regulates the secretion of several other pituitary, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal (GI) hormones including thyrotropin-stimulating hormone, insulin, glucagon, and gastrin.
102	1976221	Somatostatin secreted by pancreatic D cells is a potent inhibitor of insulin, glucagon and growth hormone secretion, as well as other cells.
103	1980258	The effect of cyclic somatostatin on circulating insulin levels was studied in eight patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).
104	1980258	Somatostatin increased the plasma insulin levels, corrected for the changes of hematocrit, by approximately 8% in the low dose (P less than 0.05) as well as in the high dose (P less than 0.05) period.
105	1992187	To determine whether treatment with a somatostatin analogue can reduce kidney hyperfiltration and hypertrophy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we studied 11 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and glomerular hyperfiltration.
106	1672658	Somatostatin did not inhibit the early exaggerated insulin release, suggesting that these increased insulin levels represented leakage of insulin from damaged HIT cells rather than functional insulin secretion.
107	1678384	Thus, in this glucose intolerance after hepatectomy, somatostatin seems to play an important role as a paracrine hormone by inhibiting the secretion of insulin by islet B-cells in the pancreas itself.
108	1680775	Tests were performed of the effects of the Somatostatin (SMS) upon the concentration of Insulin, Glucagon and STH, as well as of the effects of SMS upon the specific binding of the insulin to the receptors.
109	1916058	During the study endogenous insulin secretion was suppressed by somatostatin (450 micrograms/h) and replaced by insulin infusion (0.15 mU.kg-1.min-1). 3H-glucose was infused for isotopic determination of glucose turnover.
110	1748062	Short-term studies have shown that octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analog, blunts postprandial glycemic responses and reduces insulin requirement in insulin treated diabetic patients.
111	1684554	To examine the relationship between the magnitude of the negative arterial-portal glucose gradient and net hepatic glucose uptake, two groups of 42-h fasted, conscious dogs were infused with somatostatin, to suppress endogenous insulin and glucagon secretion, and the hormones were replaced intraportally to create hyperinsulinemia (3- to 4-fold basal) and basal glucagon levels.
112	1346593	The responses of plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, pancreatic polypeptide, and somatostatin were similar in both tests and, consequently, were not significantly modified by the circulating insulin level.
113	1495454	The metabolic effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue, octreotide, in type I diabetic patients on conventional insulin therapy have been evaluated.
114	1499870	This strategy can avoid injections of somatostatin, which can have other affects in addition to the suppression of insulin and glucagon.
115	1516889	The effect of treatment with the somatostatin analogue octreotide ("Sandostatin") on GH secretion, IGF1 levels and metabolic control was investigated in insulin-dependent diabetics.
116	8094610	To look for a possible functional correlate to this finding basal and arginine stimulated plasma somatostatin and serum C peptide concentrations in eight insulin treated patients with cystic fibrosis and eight normal male controls were measured.
117	8094610	Selective preservation of somatostatin secretion in patients with cystic fibrosis may further complicate pancreatic endocrine insufficiencies through paracrine inhibition of insulin and glucagon secretion.
118	8102504	The pancreatic content of insulin did not differ between non-diabetic and GK rats, whereas the content of somatostatin was increased by 56% (P < 0.025) in GK glands.
119	7903584	Adaptation to hypoxia caused hypoglycemia, activated insulin biosynthesis, changed glucagon and somatostatin synthesis and secretion.
120	7907998	Thus, somatostatin may inhibit insulin gene transcription by insulin gene-specific effects as well as more general effects on gene expression.
121	7907998	Both epinephrine and somatostatin inhibited expression of the human insulin-CAT reporter gene in a concentration-dependent manner that paralleled inhibition of insulin secretion.
122	7912625	When the insulin response to glucose was suppressed with somatostatin and diazoxide, metformin improved glucose disposal to a similar extent to that in rats with a normal insulin response.
123	7895951	To examine the effect of acute hyperglycaemia on nerve conduction eight non-diabetic men (20-49 years of age) with no signs of peripheral neuropathy were studied before and after 3 h of hyperglycaemic clamping (plasma glucose approximately 15 mmol/l), while insulin secretion was suppressed by somatostatin [Study 1].
124	7813819	Previously, we have demonstrated that somatostatin mediates all of its inhibitory effects on glucose-induced insulin secretion from the HIT-T15 cell through pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins and that the membrane fraction of this clonal line of pancreatic beta-cells contains six such proteins: G(i) alpha 1, G(i) alpha 2, G(i) alpha 3, and three forms of G(o) alpha.
125	8884164	In refractory hypoglycaemia due to hyperinsulinaemia such as during sulphonylurea overdosage or quinine treatment, the long-acting somatostatin, octreotide, may suppress insulin release and restore euglycaemia.
126	11206417	Haemodynamic effects of glucose and insulin were additive when somatostatin was co-administered but not under basal conditions.
127	11961490	Exogenous insulin (100 nM) also enhanced CCK-stimulated secretions in the streptozotocin-treated pancreas, which was also markedly increased by the somatostatin antagonist.
128	11961490	Endogenous somatostatin inhibits the interaction of endogenous insulin and CCK on pancreatic exocrine secretion in the rat rather than reducing the action of CCK alone or endogenous release of insulin.
129	12134168	We identified a cocrystal composition comprising 75% C8-HI and 25% human insulin that exhibits near-ideal basal pharmacodynamics in somatostatin-treated beagle dogs.
130	12582462	Somatostatin analogues such as octreotide have shown promise as a safe and effective treatment for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy by blocking the local and systemic production of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor type 1 associated with angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation.
131	15161757	In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that insulin can negatively control pancreatic somatostatin mRNA and hormone content and positively control CCK(B)R mRNA; the CCK(B)R protein appears to be delayed.
132	16857751	Despite its function in the inhibition of glucagon secretion, somatostatin fails to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, due to a parallel suppression of insulin secretion.
133	17606872	Following preliminary studies that indicated that a peripheral intravenous insulin dose of 0.1 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1) (lower than those used previously) provides basal insulin replacement and that a glucagon dose of 1.0 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1) underreplaces basal glucagon, we infused the somatostatin analog octreotide (30 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) (with growth hormone replacement) over 4 h in 14 healthy adults on four separate occasions to produce endogenous insulin and glucagon deficiency with 1) saline (combined insulin and glucagon deficiency), 2) insulin replacement (isolated glucagon deficiency), 3) partial glucagon replacement (insulin and partial glucagon deficiency), and 4) insulin and partial glucagon replacement (partial glucagon deficiency).
134	17891462	During this period, beta cells also declined sharply whereas glucagon and somatostatin cells increased, with occasional islet cells co-expressing insulin and glucagon.
135	18375050	In the pancreas, SST is a potent regulator of insulin and glucagon secretion.
136	18778119	Somatostatin and its analogues (octreotide and lanreotide) bind to somatostatin subtype 5 receptors on the beta-cell membrane, which limits insulin release and, consequently, may decrease adipogenesis.
137	18778119	In conclusion, somatostatin and its analogues, by suppressing beta-cell insulin secretion, can retard weight gain in children with hypothalamic obesity and induce a small amount of weight loss in some adults with hyperinsulinaemic obesity.
138	20637727	Somatostatin, released from pancreatic delta cells, is a potent paracrine inhibitor of insulin and glucagon secretion.
139	21099335	Somatostatin (SST) released from islet ?-cells inhibits both insulin and glucagon secretion but the role of this tonic inhibition is unclear.
140	21325461	Fourteen subjects underwent a 7-h stepped insulin infusion accompanied by a glucose clamp and somatostatin infusion along with replacement infusions of GH and glucagon, thus isolating possible effects of insulin on bone.
141	21294959	In contrast, in older P1-Ngn3Cre mice the relative increase of the pancreatic insulin content exceeded that of somatostatin and these mice remained normoglycemic.