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PMID |
Sentence |
1 |
21933986
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In contrast, inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or PKB significantly increased IRS-2 levels in ?-cells.
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2 |
12594228
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IRS-2 appears to be the chief molecule responsible for MAPK and PKB activation by insulin, as knockdown of IRS-2 (but not IRS-1) by RNA interference severely impaired activation of both kinases.
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3 |
12941762
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Downstream PI 3-kinase, activation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 (alpha and beta isoforms), Foxo1, and atypical protein kinase C were blunted in insulin-stimulated IRS-2(-/-) cells.
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4 |
16170201
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The Irs2 branch of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling cascade activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase --> Akt --> Foxo1 cascade in many tissues, including hepatocytes and pancreatic beta-cells.
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5 |
16170201
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Pten insufficiency increased peripheral insulin sensitivity in wild type and Irs2(-/-) mice and increased Akt and Foxo1 phosphorylation in the islets.
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6 |
16807405
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A marked decrease of basal and insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation, which correlated with the increase of patients' insulin resistance, and a significant increase of IRS total protein expression, together with a lower (IRS-2) or absent (IRS-1) increase of insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, were found.
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7 |
19933838
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Protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt is considered to be a key target downstream of insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) in the regulation of beta-cell mass.
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8 |
19933838
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Additionally, our signaling analyses revealed that PKBalpha, but not PKBbeta or PKBgamma, is specifically activated by overexpression of IRS2 in beta-cells and is required for IRS2 action in the islets.
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9 |
19965940
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Decreased IRS2 attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and, subsequently, PDX-1 protein levels were lowered in olanzapine-treated rats.
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10 |
21321316
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The increased hepatic glucose output in KTD was associated with increased hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression through attenuated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2 and phosphorylation of Akt(Ser473).
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11 |
15671479
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Because activation of PKB can require insulin receptor substrate proteins (IRS-1 and IRS-2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), it is of interest to determine whether the activity of Foxo1 is also regulated by heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with IRS-1 or -2, PI3K, or PKB signaling potential.
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12 |
21277185
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BM supplementation significantly increased IRS-2, IR ?, PI 3K and GLUT4 protein abundance in skeletal muscle, as well as phosphorylation of IRS-1, Akt1 and Akt2 when compared with HFD (P<.05 and P<.01).
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13 |
22008087
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A number of mechanisms have been proposed in regard to the HCV induced insulin resistance involving the upregulation of Inflammatory cytokine TNF-?, hypophosphorylation of IRS-1 and IRS-2, phosphorylation of Akt, up-regulation of gluconeogenic genes, accumulation of lipids and targeting lipid storage organelles.
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